ppfm presentation karthikeyan

7/25/2019 PPFM Presentation Karthikeyan

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Pink Pigmented Facultative

Methylotrophs (PPFMs)N. Karthikeyan

Scientist

IC!"N#IMM$


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Methylotrophs

Compounds used %or methylotrophicgro&th include'

Methane

Methanol

Formaldehyde

Formate

Methylamine

rimethylamine (multicaron ut &ithout

C"C)


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Methylotrophs

Obligate methylotrophscannot gro& on multicaron

compounds (include most methanotrophs)

Facultative methylotrophsalso gro& on multicaron

compounds (eg. Methylobacterium extorquens * PseudomonasM+

Restricted facultative methylotrophs gro& on C+ or C,

compounds (eg. Hyphomicrobium)

There is a huge number of dierent types of methylotroph. Very

few are typical bacteria that had been described previously.

Although their oidative metabolism is basically similar! there

are many dierent carbon assimilation pathways.

Most are "ram#negative. The few "ram positive methylotrophs

$%acillus sp& have dierent oidation en'ymes


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Methylotrophs

+-/ Sohngen. #acillus methanicus gro&ing on methane

+-/+ Peel and 0uayle. Pseudomonas M+ (cited only / papers) pink

%acultative methyltroph

+-/1 nthony and 2atman. 3escription o% Methanol dehydrogenase in

Pseudomonas M,4 (*M+)

+-/1 5irsch and Conti. Hyphomicrobium. stalked %acultative methylotroph

+-4 6hittenury (&ith 6ilkinson). + ne& methanotrophs (, ypes)

+-4+ !ions 7arly &ork on methane o8idation

+-4" 9gata: Sahm: 5a;eu: van 3initive &ork on methane o8idation

+-=, nthony ook. Cited aout +, methylotroph re%erences


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C+ caron assimilation

Methylotrophs assimilate C+caron

source via either riulose"

monophosphate path&ay or theserine path&ay


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Serine Path&ay


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Plant Proiotics

Proiotics are' ?@ivemicroorganisms &hich&hen administered inadeAuate amounts

con%er a health ene>ton the host.BIt should come as nosurprise that &ehumans arent the only

organisms that ene>t%rom relationships &iththe right kind o%acteria.


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Methyloacterium is a genus o% acteria (also

called PPFM acteria) that seems to e associateduiAuitously &ith plants.

hese acteria are %ound in relatively large

numers on all kinds o% plants and in seeds.Diven the amount o% plant iomass on 7arth:

they must e among the most aundant organisms

on the planet.I% you eat lunch today at the salad ar: you &ill

no dout consume some o% them. Do s&imming in

lake &ater or digging in your vegetale garden and


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Seeds cured o% their PPFMs no longer germinate

&ell or develop normally: ut reinoculatingthe cured seeds &ith a population o% the

acteria restores germination and gro&th.

he surprising conclusion to this story is thatsometimes poorly stored or aged seeds %ail to

germinate ecause their acteria have died:

not ecause they are themselves dead. his

discovery led to another patent application E

and a second a&ard.

(Pro%. Mark 5olland: Salisury


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Methylobacterium

Memers o% the Methylobacterium genus areclassifed as"proteoacteria and include + reported species(http'GG&&&.acterio.netGmethyloacterium.html)

his genus is composed o% Dram"negative acteriathat are generally &ith pink pigmentation due tocarotenoid synthesis rod shaped: strictly aeroic

and ale to gro& using compounds containing onlyone caron (C+): such as methanol andmethylamine.

hus: these acteria are denoted ?pink"pigmented%acultative methylotrophsB (PPFMs).
http://www.bacterio.net/methylobacterium.htmlhttp://www.bacterio.net/methylobacterium.html


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Methylobacteriumhe main characteristic o% this group is the aility to

o8idi;e methanol using the methanol dehydrogenase

en;yme (M35)

he mxaF gene encodes the large subunit o this

en;yme: &hich is key in methylotrophic metaolism and

is used to study that group o% acteria

Memers o% the Methylobacterium genus occupy

diHerent haitats due to their great phenotypic plasticity:

including soil: &ater: lea% sur%aces: nodules: grains: and

air

hey can also e opportunistic pathogens in human


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Methylobacterium

Dro&ing in meristematic tissue: they can reach

populations o% +1to +/colony"%orming units (CF$) per

gram o% plant tissue

In addition: they can %orm io>lms and use

methylotrophic metaolism as an adaptive advantage

during plant host coloni;ation


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Methylobacterium

he association et&een Methylobacterium spp. and hostplants varies %rom strong or symiotic to &eak or epiphytic

and to intermediate or endophytic

3uring interactions &ith plants: M. nodulans and M.

Radiotolerans have een reported to e involved in nitrogen

>8ation and nodule %ormation:

&hile other Methylobacterium species may e related to

phytohormone production or interacting &ith plantpathogens : promoting plant gro&th and inducing higher

photosynthetic activity


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(ourado et al


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(ourado et al)*+,


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y osp ere

he aerial parts o% living plants including leaves: stems:uds: o&ers and %ruit provide a haitat %or microes

called as Phyllospherehe term phyllosphere coined y !uinen (+-/+)

-hyllosphere

Caulosphere(stems) Phylloplane

(@eaves)nthosphere (Flo&ers)

Caprosphere(Fruits)

-h ll h


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-hyllosphere


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Under the microscope, aerial plant leaves resemble

eerie landscapes, with deep gorges, tall peaks and

gaping pits that riddle the waxy surface. Add to this

scenery a climate that features temperature highs of 5

!" #$%% !&' or more, exposure to harmful ultraviolet

rays, erratic periods of drought and limited access to

nutrients, and one gets the picture that this is a hostile

environment. (till, many bacteria, fungi, yeast andother microor anisms dwell in reat abundance in this


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Ma


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PPFM" Plant Interactions

ow ppfm gets methanol from plant leaves

+.3emethylation o% the cell &all pectin y pectin

methylesterase

,.Intermediate reactions in tetrahydro%olate path&ay

.Pectin methyltrans%erases

1.3egradation o% lignin in secondary cell &alls.

.lso produced during the gro&th o% cells and the

%ormation o% intercellular space


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PPFM" Plant Interactionsow ppfm improves growth of plants

+.#y the production o%

+. u8ins

,. Cytokinins

. Litamin #+,1. 78opolysaccharides

. osmoprotectants

,.Phosphate soluilisation

.Siderophore production

1.Nitrogen >8ation

.CC deaminase activity

/.Inhiition o% plant pathogens


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Nitrogen >8ation in legumesMethylobacterium nodulans E nodulates several legumes includingCrotalaria podocarpa

Phosphate soluilisationMethylobacterium oryae! sho"n to ha#e all enymes li$e

phosphatase% phytase% Phosphonatase

&iderophore productionre lo& molecular mass compounds &ith a high anity %or iron thatare produced y acteria to soluili;e iron to promote ecient itsecient uptake

Methylobacterium extorquens and M.populi sho&n to have genes %orthe production o% siderophores

CC deaminase activityM. 'ryae sho&ed acc deaminase activity


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/ects of the --FM bacteria on soybean germinationeating dry seeds before germination lowers their

--FM population

0yto1inin


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0yto1ininproduction

/ t f --FM l


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/ect of --FM on malesterility of plants

uccess


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uccessstory

,+,

uccess


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uccessstory

Beneficial effect on plant

Fasten seed germination and seedling growthAccelerate vegetative growthIncrease leaf area index and chlorophyll contentEarliness in flowering, fruit set and maturationImproves fruit quality, color and seed weight

Yield increase y !"# $itigate drought

Method of Application

%eed treatment Imie seed in !&" # volume for '(!"min )depending on seed*Foliar %pray of !# ++F$%pray during morning or eveningecommended for all crops%pray at critical stage of crop growth )or* -"days interval+recaution . /o not mix with pesticide 0 fungicide


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Drought Mitigation Program in Rice Delta Regionof TamilNadu

PPFM 1000ml / acreFoliar application


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hank you

ppfm presentation karthikeyan

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