HTML, XHTML & CSSFACS 2930Carmen Au

Content The W3C

HTML What is That? HTML, What is That? Where Did it Come From?

CSS CSS CSS2

XHTML So What is XHTML? Why XHTML? Why XHTML cont.

Let’s Put It all Together

What Next?

Credits / Sources

The W3C“The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an international community where Member organizations, a full-time staff, and the public work together to develop Web standards…”

http://www.w3.org/Consortium/

What is This?<h1>Title goes here</h1>

<h2>Sub title if wanted</h2>

<p>Text here, <a href=“url”>link here</a>, text here, text here, <b>bold text</b>, text here, <i>italic text here</i></p>

HTML, What is That?HyperText Markup Language

Computer language that allows website creation.

Product of SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language)A complex, technical specification describing markup

languages

Allows people not familiar with SGML to publish and exchange scientific documentsPeople not in the discipline of scientific

documentation quickly realized how easy it was

Where Did it Come From?•Tim Berners-Lee

• Wanted to create a way for researchers to be able to use the internet to collaborate and share information.

• Wanted a system by which people could link all their data together and enable people to be able to search by following the links

http://www.masternewmedia.org/images/tim_berners_lee_main.jpg

CSSCascading Style Sheet

Separates the coding of presentation and content

Presentation side

Visual changes only needed to be applied once

Coding In a different documentEach section has a head and { }s

CSS2CSS2 published by W3C in 1998.

CSS2 adds support for other media types.Aural (hearing) sheet styles and bidirectional

( both directions, LtR and RtL) text.New properties for tables, text, colors and

positioning

So What is XHTML?XHTML

' X ' representing that this version of HTML is based on XML (eXtensible Markup Language) instead of SGML.

Created in place of HTML4Why?

Why XHTMLHTML pages were still sloppy

Browsers tried to accommodate, but failed

An answer to this problem was XMLeXtensible Markup LanuageWhy / How so?

A language for creating other languagesCan be used to design own custom markup languageCustom mark up language contains tags that

describe that data that they containA tag identifies data, it is available for other tasks

Why XHTML cont.So why XHTML and not XML?

Not a lenient as HTMLMany pages already coded as HTML

W3C coded HTML as XML to create XHTMLFeatures of HTMLUses XMLs syntax, allowing the power and

flexibility of XMLGood foundation for CSS

Let’s Put It All Togetherhttp://dm.finearts.yorku.ca/~carmenau/

presentation.html

What’s Next?HTML5

Replaced XHTMLCreated instead of XHTML2

CSS3 is in developmentUpdates are available on the W3C.

Credit / Sources http://www.xmluk.org/css-history-information.htm

http://virtuelvis.com/archives/2005/01/css-history

http://www.ironspider.ca/webdesign101/htmlhistory.htm

http://www.yourhtmlsource.com/starthere/whatishtml.html

http://www.xmluk.org/html-history-information.htm

http://www.w3.org/

http://www.intensivstation.ch/en/css/history/

Castro, E. HTML, XHTML & CSS. Sixth Edition. Berkeley: Peachpit Press, 2007.