preventive maintenance dr. aiman h. el-maleh computer engineering department dr. aiman h. el-maleh...

Preventive MaintenancePreventive MaintenancePreventive MaintenancePreventive Maintenance

Dr. Aiman H. El-MalehDr. Aiman H. El-Maleh

Computer Engineering DepartmentComputer Engineering Department

Dr. Aiman H. El-MalehDr. Aiman H. El-Maleh

Computer Engineering DepartmentComputer Engineering Department

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OutlineOutline

n Importance of Preventive Maintenance Importance of Preventive Maintenance

n Passive Preventive MaintenancePassive Preventive Maintenance

• Protection from physical environmentProtection from physical environment

• Protection from electrical environmentProtection from electrical environment

Active Preventive MaintenanceActive Preventive Maintenance• Cleaning and lubricating componentsCleaning and lubricating components

• Reseating chipsReseating chips

• Maintaining Hard DiskMaintaining Hard Disk

• Backing-up DataBacking-up Data

When to Perform Preventive MaintenanceWhen to Perform Preventive Maintenance SummarySummary

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What is Preventive MaintenanceWhat is Preventive MaintenanceWhat is Preventive MaintenanceWhat is Preventive Maintenance

Performing proactive maintenance in order to prevent Performing proactive maintenance in order to prevent system problemssystem problems

Diagnostic or corrective maintenance performed to Diagnostic or corrective maintenance performed to correct an already-existing problemcorrect an already-existing problem

Change car oil and air filter to make the engine last and Change car oil and air filter to make the engine last and avoid problemsavoid problems

Preventive maintenance is one of the most ignored Preventive maintenance is one of the most ignored aspects of PC ownershipaspects of PC ownership• most people think that the PC doesn't need preventive most people think that the PC doesn't need preventive

maintenancemaintenance

• just use it until it breaks, and then repair or replace itjust use it until it breaks, and then repair or replace it

Performing proactive maintenance in order to prevent Performing proactive maintenance in order to prevent system problemssystem problems

Diagnostic or corrective maintenance performed to Diagnostic or corrective maintenance performed to correct an already-existing problemcorrect an already-existing problem

Change car oil and air filter to make the engine last and Change car oil and air filter to make the engine last and avoid problemsavoid problems

Preventive maintenance is one of the most ignored Preventive maintenance is one of the most ignored aspects of PC ownershipaspects of PC ownership• most people think that the PC doesn't need preventive most people think that the PC doesn't need preventive

maintenancemaintenance

• just use it until it breaks, and then repair or replace itjust use it until it breaks, and then repair or replace it

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Importance of Preventive MaintenanceImportance of Preventive MaintenanceImportance of Preventive MaintenanceImportance of Preventive Maintenance

Saves Money Saves Money • Avoiding problems with your PC will save you money in the Avoiding problems with your PC will save you money in the

long runlong run

Saves Time Saves Time • few hours of preventive maintenance every monthfew hours of preventive maintenance every month

• saves you the much bigger hassles of dealing with system saves you the much bigger hassles of dealing with system failures and data lossfailures and data loss

• most preventive maintenance procedures are quite simple most preventive maintenance procedures are quite simple compared to troubleshooting and repair procedurescompared to troubleshooting and repair procedures

Helps Safeguard Your Data Helps Safeguard Your Data • for most people, the data on the hard disk is more important for most people, the data on the hard disk is more important

than the hardware that houses itthan the hardware that houses it

Saves Money Saves Money • Avoiding problems with your PC will save you money in the Avoiding problems with your PC will save you money in the

long runlong run

Saves Time Saves Time • few hours of preventive maintenance every monthfew hours of preventive maintenance every month

• saves you the much bigger hassles of dealing with system saves you the much bigger hassles of dealing with system failures and data lossfailures and data loss

• most preventive maintenance procedures are quite simple most preventive maintenance procedures are quite simple compared to troubleshooting and repair procedurescompared to troubleshooting and repair procedures

Helps Safeguard Your Data Helps Safeguard Your Data • for most people, the data on the hard disk is more important for most people, the data on the hard disk is more important

than the hardware that houses itthan the hardware that houses it

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Importance of Preventive MaintenanceImportance of Preventive Maintenance

Improves Performance Improves Performance • Some parts of your system will actually degrade in Some parts of your system will actually degrade in

performance over timeperformance over time

Key to obtaining years of trouble-free serviceKey to obtaining years of trouble-free service Goals are to reduceGoals are to reduce

• Problem BehaviorProblem Behavior

• Data lossData loss

• Component failureComponent failure

Increase the life time of a systemIncrease the life time of a system

Prevention is always better than curingPrevention is always better than curing

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Preventive Maintenance ProceduresPreventive Maintenance ProceduresPreventive Maintenance ProceduresPreventive Maintenance Procedures

Preventive maintenance program Preventive maintenance program • Passive proceduresPassive procedures

• Active proceduresActive procedures

Passive Preventive MaintenancePassive Preventive Maintenance• steps taken to protect system from environmentsteps taken to protect system from environment

• temperature variationstemperature variations• electrostatic dischargeelectrostatic discharge• power surges and failurespower surges and failures

Active Preventive MaintenanceActive Preventive Maintenance• steps applied regularly to prevent data loss and component steps applied regularly to prevent data loss and component

failuresfailures

Preventive maintenance program Preventive maintenance program • Passive proceduresPassive procedures

• Active proceduresActive procedures

Passive Preventive MaintenancePassive Preventive Maintenance• steps taken to protect system from environmentsteps taken to protect system from environment

• temperature variationstemperature variations• electrostatic dischargeelectrostatic discharge• power surges and failurespower surges and failures

Active Preventive MaintenanceActive Preventive Maintenance• steps applied regularly to prevent data loss and component steps applied regularly to prevent data loss and component

failuresfailures

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OutlineOutline

n Importance of Preventive Maintenance Importance of Preventive Maintenance

n Passive Preventive MaintenancePassive Preventive Maintenance








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Passive - Physical EnvironmentPassive - Physical Environment

ProblemsProblems Temperature changesTemperature changes stress a computer system stress a computer system Leads to chip creep - components gradually work their Leads to chip creep - components gradually work their

way out of socketsway out of sockets Extreme temperature variations over short timeExtreme temperature variations over short time

• signal traces crack and separatesignal traces crack and separate

• solder joints breaksolder joints break

• contacts accelerated corrosioncontacts accelerated corrosion

Writing to a disk at different temperaturesWriting to a disk at different temperatures• data written at different locations relative to track centersdata written at different locations relative to track centers

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Problems (cont.)Problems (cont.)

Power-on cycles Power-on cycles

• largest temperature variationslargest temperature variations

• power supply - most vulnerable componentpower supply - most vulnerable component

• start-up current draw is very high compared to normal start-up current draw is very high compared to normal operating current drawoperating current draw

Main problem is temperature variationsMain problem is temperature variations

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RecommendationsRecommendations Determine temperature functional rangeDetermine temperature functional range

• between 15 and 32 degrees Celsiusbetween 15 and 32 degrees Celsius

No direct sunlight or temperature variationsNo direct sunlight or temperature variations Limit number of power-on cyclesLimit number of power-on cycles

• Once a dayOnce a day

Use screen saversUse screen savers• phosphor on tube can burnphosphor on tube can burn

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Passive - Electrical EnvironmentPassive - Electrical Environment

ProblemsProblems Static electricity problemsStatic electricity problems

• appear in low humidityappear in low humidity

• rarely a source of permanent problemsrarely a source of permanent problems

• usual effects usual effects • memory parity check error memory parity check error • locked-up systemlocked-up system

Power surges and spikesPower surges and spikes

• can damage computer systemcan damage computer system

• power line serving other equipmentpower line serving other equipment• result in voltage variations from on-off cyclingresult in voltage variations from on-off cycling

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Problems (cont.)Problems (cont.) Loss of power - loss of dataLoss of power - loss of data Radio frequency interferenceRadio frequency interference

• caused by a source of radio transmissioncaused by a source of radio transmission

• usually overlooked problemusually overlooked problem

• Can cause system to lock upCan cause system to lock up

• cordless telephones caused random keystrokes to appearcordless telephones caused random keystrokes to appear

A computer system requires steady supply of clean noise-free power

A computer system requires steady supply of clean noise-free power

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RecommendationsRecommendations Computer system with own circuit and own breakerComputer system with own circuit and own breaker Use properly grounded three-wire outletUse properly grounded three-wire outlet

• redirects static charge safely to groundredirects static charge safely to ground

Avoid extension cordsAvoid extension cords• power-line noise problems are a function of wire size and power-line noise problems are a function of wire size and

lengthlength

Avoid connecting too many items to a single outletAvoid connecting too many items to a single outlet• provide separate power circuit for other devicesprovide separate power circuit for other devices

• Worst corrupters of a PC system`s powerWorst corrupters of a PC system`s power• Air conditioners, coffee makers, laser printers, vacuum cleanersAir conditioners, coffee makers, laser printers, vacuum cleaners

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Recommendations (cont.)Recommendations (cont.) If radio frequency interference existsIf radio frequency interference exists

• pass the cables through a toroidal iron corepass the cables through a toroidal iron core

• suppress reception and transmission of electromagnetic suppress reception and transmission of electromagnetic interferenceinterference

Requirements of power sourceRequirements of power source• uninterruptibleuninterruptible

• protected from power surges and spikesprotected from power surges and spikes

Best overall solution is UPS system Best overall solution is UPS system

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Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) Backup PowerBackup Power

• always operates from a batteryalways operates from a battery

• voltage invertervoltage inverter

• battery is continuously chargedbattery is continuously charged

Line ConditionerLine Conditioner• total isolation from line currenttotal isolation from line current

• suppresses high voltage and current conditionssuppresses high voltage and current conditions

• buffer between power line and systembuffer between power line and system

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OutlineOutline

Why Preventive Maintenance?Why Preventive Maintenance?

Passive Preventive MaintenancePassive Preventive Maintenance








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Active - Cleaning & LubricatingActive - Cleaning & Lubricating

Dust buildup on components Dust buildup on components

OverheatingOverheating• dust acts as a heat insulatordust acts as a heat insulator

• prevents system from coolingprevents system from cooling

Dust contain chemicalsDust contain chemicals• conduct electricityconduct electricity

• short currentshort current

• create paths where none should existcreate paths where none should exist

• cause rapid corrosion of connectorscause rapid corrosion of connectors

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Active - Cleaning & LubricatingActive - Cleaning & Lubricating

Clean dust and debris off main boardClean dust and debris off main board• special vacuum cleanerspecial vacuum cleaner

• duster can of compressed gasduster can of compressed gas

Lubricate connectors and contactsLubricate connectors and contacts• special cleaner/lubricantspecial cleaner/lubricant

• lubricant acts as a conductive protectantlubricant acts as a conductive protectant• insulates contacts from corrosioninsulates contacts from corrosion

Clean floppy driveClean floppy drive• duster canduster can

• special chemical for head cleaningspecial chemical for head cleaning

Frequency of cleaning and lubricating a systemFrequency of cleaning and lubricating a system• depends on operating environmentdepends on operating environment

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Active - Reseating ChipsActive - Reseating Chips

As computer heats and coolsAs computer heats and cools• it expands and contractsit expands and contracts

• causes socketed chips to work their way out of the sockets - causes socketed chips to work their way out of the sockets - chip creepchip creep

Socketed components should be checked and Socketed components should be checked and reseatedreseated

Procedure performed every time system is cleanedProcedure performed every time system is cleaned

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Active - Maintaining Hard DiskActive - Maintaining Hard DiskActive - Maintaining Hard DiskActive - Maintaining Hard Disk

Protect data and ensure disk works efficientlyProtect data and ensure disk works efficiently• defragmenting files and free spacedefragmenting files and free space

• backing up FAT (Files Allocation Table)backing up FAT (Files Allocation Table)

• checking for disk errors and reformattingchecking for disk errors and reformatting

• scanning for Virus programsscanning for Virus programs

BenefitsBenefits• minimize head movement - drive wear & tearminimize head movement - drive wear & tear

• Speed gainSpeed gain

• easier recovery from disastereasier recovery from disaster

Protect data and ensure disk works efficientlyProtect data and ensure disk works efficiently• defragmenting files and free spacedefragmenting files and free space

• backing up FAT (Files Allocation Table)backing up FAT (Files Allocation Table)

• checking for disk errors and reformattingchecking for disk errors and reformatting

• scanning for Virus programsscanning for Virus programs

BenefitsBenefits• minimize head movement - drive wear & tearminimize head movement - drive wear & tear

• Speed gainSpeed gain

• easier recovery from disastereasier recovery from disaster

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Disk Defragmenter

Active - Maintaining Hard DiskActive - Maintaining Hard DiskActive - Maintaining Hard DiskActive - Maintaining Hard Disk

Files and space become fragmented Files and space become fragmented • split into non-contiguous areas on disksplit into non-contiguous areas on disk

Norton Utilities by SymantecNorton Utilities by Symantec• defragment files and space defragment files and space (SPEEDDISK)(SPEEDDISK)

• backup FAT and directory system backup FAT and directory system (IMAGE)(IMAGE)

• checks for disk errorschecks for disk errors

Windows 9x includes a disk defragmentation program Windows 9x includes a disk defragmentation program with operating system with operating system (Defrag)(Defrag)

Files and space become fragmented Files and space become fragmented • split into non-contiguous areas on disksplit into non-contiguous areas on disk

Norton Utilities by SymantecNorton Utilities by Symantec• defragment files and space defragment files and space (SPEEDDISK)(SPEEDDISK)

• backup FAT and directory system backup FAT and directory system (IMAGE)(IMAGE)

• checks for disk errorschecks for disk errors

Windows 9x includes a disk defragmentation program Windows 9x includes a disk defragmentation program with operating system with operating system (Defrag)(Defrag)

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Active - Maintaining Hard DiskActive - Maintaining Hard Disk

Disk reformatting Disk reformatting • rewrite sector header information in alignment with current rewrite sector header information in alignment with current

head positionshead positions

• locate and mark out new defective sectorslocate and mark out new defective sectors

• disk should be fully backed up before reformattingdisk should be fully backed up before reformatting

Scan for virus programs periodicallyScan for virus programs periodically• Microsoft provides antivirus software in WindowsMicrosoft provides antivirus software in Windows

• Best software - McAfee AssociatesBest software - McAfee Associates

• Scan for viruses before making backupsScan for viruses before making backups

• Use a product that is updated regularly from vendorsUse a product that is updated regularly from vendors

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Scanning for File System Data Scanning for File System Data CorruptionCorruptionScanning for File System Data Scanning for File System Data CorruptionCorruption Complexity file system used on modern PCs has the Complexity file system used on modern PCs has the

risk of risk of file system errorsfile system errors and corruption in the logical and corruption in the logical structures that control the diskstructures that control the disk

File system errors caused byFile system errors caused by• buggy software, bad drivers, power failures or human errorbuggy software, bad drivers, power failures or human error

• rarely caused by actual hardware problems with the PCrarely caused by actual hardware problems with the PC

File system integrity problems can lead to data lossFile system integrity problems can lead to data loss Most popular tools for analyzing file system problems Most popular tools for analyzing file system problems

• SCANDISKSCANDISK for Microsoft Windows for Microsoft Windows

• NDDNDD for Symantec's Norton Utilities for Symantec's Norton Utilities

• CHKDSKCHKDSK for Windows NT for Windows NT

Always use the proper tool for your operating systemAlways use the proper tool for your operating system

Complexity file system used on modern PCs has the Complexity file system used on modern PCs has the risk of risk of file system errorsfile system errors and corruption in the logical and corruption in the logical structures that control the diskstructures that control the disk

File system errors caused byFile system errors caused by• buggy software, bad drivers, power failures or human errorbuggy software, bad drivers, power failures or human error

• rarely caused by actual hardware problems with the PCrarely caused by actual hardware problems with the PC

File system integrity problems can lead to data lossFile system integrity problems can lead to data loss Most popular tools for analyzing file system problems Most popular tools for analyzing file system problems

• SCANDISKSCANDISK for Microsoft Windows for Microsoft Windows

• NDDNDD for Symantec's Norton Utilities for Symantec's Norton Utilities

• CHKDSKCHKDSK for Windows NT for Windows NT

Always use the proper tool for your operating systemAlways use the proper tool for your operating system

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Detecting Hard Disk Read ErrorsDetecting Hard Disk Read ErrorsDetecting Hard Disk Read ErrorsDetecting Hard Disk Read Errors

Hard disk failure is very distressingHard disk failure is very distressing• when your hard disk dies, it takes your data with itwhen your hard disk dies, it takes your data with it

Many different ways that hard disks can failMany different ways that hard disks can fail• fail with a bangfail with a bang

• instead of spinning up and booting the PC, may go "klunk, klunk, instead of spinning up and booting the PC, may go "klunk, klunk, klunk" and then spin down againklunk" and then spin down again

• fail with a whimper; they slowly develop problemsfail with a whimper; they slowly develop problems• problems reading a particular area of the disk: a read errorproblems reading a particular area of the disk: a read error

Most common disk error checkers are in fact part of Most common disk error checkers are in fact part of the same utilities that scan for file system corruptionthe same utilities that scan for file system corruption• Microsoft's Scandisk Microsoft's Scandisk

• Norton's Disk DoctorNorton's Disk Doctor

It takes a lot longer to scan an entire disk volume for It takes a lot longer to scan an entire disk volume for errors than to check out its file system structureserrors than to check out its file system structures

Hard disk failure is very distressingHard disk failure is very distressing• when your hard disk dies, it takes your data with itwhen your hard disk dies, it takes your data with it

Many different ways that hard disks can failMany different ways that hard disks can fail• fail with a bangfail with a bang

• instead of spinning up and booting the PC, may go "klunk, klunk, instead of spinning up and booting the PC, may go "klunk, klunk, klunk" and then spin down againklunk" and then spin down again

• fail with a whimper; they slowly develop problemsfail with a whimper; they slowly develop problems• problems reading a particular area of the disk: a read errorproblems reading a particular area of the disk: a read error

Most common disk error checkers are in fact part of Most common disk error checkers are in fact part of the same utilities that scan for file system corruptionthe same utilities that scan for file system corruption• Microsoft's Scandisk Microsoft's Scandisk

• Norton's Disk DoctorNorton's Disk Doctor

It takes a lot longer to scan an entire disk volume for It takes a lot longer to scan an entire disk volume for errors than to check out its file system structureserrors than to check out its file system structures

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Virus Scanning and Anti-Virus Virus Scanning and Anti-Virus SoftwareSoftwareVirus Scanning and Anti-Virus Virus Scanning and Anti-Virus SoftwareSoftware Careful preventive measures can greatly reduce the Careful preventive measures can greatly reduce the

chances of ever catching a virus on your PCchances of ever catching a virus on your PC Routine virus detection is a necessity for the modern Routine virus detection is a necessity for the modern

PCPC To reduce virus infectionsTo reduce virus infections

• avoid sharing floppy disks with people you do not knowavoid sharing floppy disks with people you do not know

• have your antivirus software set up to automatically scan all have your antivirus software set up to automatically scan all hard disks once per week. hard disks once per week.

• manually scan any executable files that you download, or any manually scan any executable files that you download, or any programs you get on floppy disk from unverified sourcesprograms you get on floppy disk from unverified sources

• update virus definition files regularly update virus definition files regularly

Careful preventive measures can greatly reduce the Careful preventive measures can greatly reduce the chances of ever catching a virus on your PCchances of ever catching a virus on your PC

Routine virus detection is a necessity for the modern Routine virus detection is a necessity for the modern PCPC

To reduce virus infectionsTo reduce virus infections• avoid sharing floppy disks with people you do not knowavoid sharing floppy disks with people you do not know

• have your antivirus software set up to automatically scan all have your antivirus software set up to automatically scan all hard disks once per week. hard disks once per week.

• manually scan any executable files that you download, or any manually scan any executable files that you download, or any programs you get on floppy disk from unverified sourcesprograms you get on floppy disk from unverified sources

• update virus definition files regularly update virus definition files regularly

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Risks to Your DataRisks to Your DataRisks to Your DataRisks to Your Data

Hardware FailureHardware Failure• Memory ErrorsMemory Errors:: With so many systems today running With so many systems today running

without error detection or correction on their system memory, without error detection or correction on their system memory, there is a chance of a memory error corrupting the data on there is a chance of a memory error corrupting the data on the hard disk. It is rare for it to happen, but it does happen. the hard disk. It is rare for it to happen, but it does happen.

• System Timing ProblemsSystem Timing Problems:: Setting the timing for memory or Setting the timing for memory or cache access too aggressively, or using a hard disk interface cache access too aggressively, or using a hard disk interface transfer mode that is too fast for the system or device, can transfer mode that is too fast for the system or device, can cause data loss. cause data loss.

• Resource ConflictsResource Conflicts:: Conflicts resulting from peripherals that Conflicts resulting from peripherals that try to use the same interrupt requests, DMA channels or I/O try to use the same interrupt requests, DMA channels or I/O addresses, can cause data to become corrupted. addresses, can cause data to become corrupted.

• Power LossPower Loss:: Losing power at the wrong time, such as when Losing power at the wrong time, such as when you are doing sensitive work on your hard disk, can easily you are doing sensitive work on your hard disk, can easily result in the loss of many files. result in the loss of many files.

Hardware FailureHardware Failure• Memory ErrorsMemory Errors:: With so many systems today running With so many systems today running

without error detection or correction on their system memory, without error detection or correction on their system memory, there is a chance of a memory error corrupting the data on there is a chance of a memory error corrupting the data on the hard disk. It is rare for it to happen, but it does happen. the hard disk. It is rare for it to happen, but it does happen.

• System Timing ProblemsSystem Timing Problems:: Setting the timing for memory or Setting the timing for memory or cache access too aggressively, or using a hard disk interface cache access too aggressively, or using a hard disk interface transfer mode that is too fast for the system or device, can transfer mode that is too fast for the system or device, can cause data loss. cause data loss.

• Resource ConflictsResource Conflicts:: Conflicts resulting from peripherals that Conflicts resulting from peripherals that try to use the same interrupt requests, DMA channels or I/O try to use the same interrupt requests, DMA channels or I/O addresses, can cause data to become corrupted. addresses, can cause data to become corrupted.

• Power LossPower Loss:: Losing power at the wrong time, such as when Losing power at the wrong time, such as when you are doing sensitive work on your hard disk, can easily you are doing sensitive work on your hard disk, can easily result in the loss of many files. result in the loss of many files.

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Risks to Your DataRisks to Your DataRisks to Your DataRisks to Your Data

Software FailureSoftware Failure File System CorruptionFile System Corruption

• occasionally the result of corruption on the disk occasionally the result of corruption on the disk • far more often occur as a result of a software problemfar more often occur as a result of a software problem• A power failure on a PC running Windows will often result in one or A power failure on a PC running Windows will often result in one or

more file system errors due to files not being closed properlymore file system errors due to files not being closed properly• most common errors encountered on a FAT disk: most common errors encountered on a FAT disk:

• Lost ClustersLost Clusters• Cross-Linked FilesCross-Linked Files• Invalid Files or DirectoriesInvalid Files or Directories• Allocation or FAT ErrorsAllocation or FAT Errors

Accidental DeletionAccidental Deletion Virus InfectionVirus Infection TheftTheft SabotageSabotage Natural DisasterNatural Disaster

Software FailureSoftware Failure File System CorruptionFile System Corruption

• occasionally the result of corruption on the disk occasionally the result of corruption on the disk • far more often occur as a result of a software problemfar more often occur as a result of a software problem• A power failure on a PC running Windows will often result in one or A power failure on a PC running Windows will often result in one or

more file system errors due to files not being closed properlymore file system errors due to files not being closed properly• most common errors encountered on a FAT disk: most common errors encountered on a FAT disk:

• Lost ClustersLost Clusters• Cross-Linked FilesCross-Linked Files• Invalid Files or DirectoriesInvalid Files or Directories• Allocation or FAT ErrorsAllocation or FAT Errors

Accidental DeletionAccidental Deletion Virus InfectionVirus Infection TheftTheft SabotageSabotage Natural DisasterNatural Disaster

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Active - Backing Up DataActive - Backing Up DataActive - Backing Up DataActive - Backing Up Data

Best way to ensure data is not lostBest way to ensure data is not lost Hardware can be repaired or replaced but data cannotHardware can be repaired or replaced but data cannot Hard disk troubleshooting and service procedures Hard disk troubleshooting and service procedures

require reformat or repartitionrequire reformat or repartition• overwrites all existing dataoverwrites all existing data

Floppy disk drives are insufficient and too costly for Floppy disk drives are insufficient and too costly for hard disk backupshard disk backups

Other alternatives: magnetic tape, CD-RW, Zip and Jaz Other alternatives: magnetic tape, CD-RW, Zip and Jaz drivesdrives

Match the size of backup medium to amount of data Match the size of backup medium to amount of data you need to backupyou need to backup

Best way to ensure data is not lostBest way to ensure data is not lost Hardware can be repaired or replaced but data cannotHardware can be repaired or replaced but data cannot Hard disk troubleshooting and service procedures Hard disk troubleshooting and service procedures

require reformat or repartitionrequire reformat or repartition• overwrites all existing dataoverwrites all existing data

Floppy disk drives are insufficient and too costly for Floppy disk drives are insufficient and too costly for hard disk backupshard disk backups

Other alternatives: magnetic tape, CD-RW, Zip and Jaz Other alternatives: magnetic tape, CD-RW, Zip and Jaz drivesdrives

Match the size of backup medium to amount of data Match the size of backup medium to amount of data you need to backupyou need to backup

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Media costs are far more significant than cost of driveMedia costs are far more significant than cost of drive Backup requiring manual intervention is not Backup requiring manual intervention is not

recommendedrecommended Consider Consider Iomega Zip driveIomega Zip drive with a capacity of about 100 with a capacity of about 100

MB and a system to backup with 3 GB of programs and MB and a system to backup with 3 GB of programs and data on itdata on it• backing up 3 GB of data onto Zip disks would take 30 disks backing up 3 GB of data onto Zip disks would take 30 disks

• disk swapping would be annoying enough to guarantee that disk swapping would be annoying enough to guarantee that backup is rarely if ever donebackup is rarely if ever done

Doing responsible backupsDoing responsible backups• use three sets of media for each systemuse three sets of media for each system

• use each media set on a rotating basisuse each media set on a rotating basis

• store one of them offsite at all timesstore one of them offsite at all times

• introduce new media to the rotation after a yearintroduce new media to the rotation after a year

Media costs are far more significant than cost of driveMedia costs are far more significant than cost of drive Backup requiring manual intervention is not Backup requiring manual intervention is not

recommendedrecommended Consider Consider Iomega Zip driveIomega Zip drive with a capacity of about 100 with a capacity of about 100

MB and a system to backup with 3 GB of programs and MB and a system to backup with 3 GB of programs and data on itdata on it• backing up 3 GB of data onto Zip disks would take 30 disks backing up 3 GB of data onto Zip disks would take 30 disks

• disk swapping would be annoying enough to guarantee that disk swapping would be annoying enough to guarantee that backup is rarely if ever donebackup is rarely if ever done

Doing responsible backupsDoing responsible backups• use three sets of media for each systemuse three sets of media for each system

• use each media set on a rotating basisuse each media set on a rotating basis

• store one of them offsite at all timesstore one of them offsite at all times

• introduce new media to the rotation after a yearintroduce new media to the rotation after a year

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Active - Backing Up DataActive - Backing Up Data

Dedicated backup hardware: tape or cartridgeDedicated backup hardware: tape or cartridge Advantages of tapeAdvantages of tape

• Capacity:Capacity: Hard drives keep getting bigger and tape is the Hard drives keep getting bigger and tape is the only economical backup medium that is of a similar size and only economical backup medium that is of a similar size and growing in capacity to match them. growing in capacity to match them.

• Cost:Cost: It is inexpensive, both for the drives and on a per- It is inexpensive, both for the drives and on a per-gigabyte basis for the media. A typical home PC user can buy gigabyte basis for the media. A typical home PC user can buy a drive and enough media to do proper, reliable backups of a drive and enough media to do proper, reliable backups of several gigabytes of data, less than $200. several gigabytes of data, less than $200.

• Reliability:Reliability: Tape is, in general, a reasonably reliable backup Tape is, in general, a reasonably reliable backup medium, provided that the drive is maintained properly and medium, provided that the drive is maintained properly and the media are treated with care. the media are treated with care.

• Simplicity and Universality:Simplicity and Universality: There is a lot of support for There is a lot of support for tape drives today, and a number of software packages that tape drives today, and a number of software packages that will support a wide variety of devices. They are usually will support a wide variety of devices. They are usually relatively simple to set up. relatively simple to set up.

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Tape-backup devices parametersTape-backup devices parameters• type of mediatype of media

• hardware interfacehardware interface

• backup softwarebackup software

Type of media dictates capacityType of media dictates capacity Four primary standardsFour primary standards

• 40M to 800M : 40M to 800M : DC 600DC 600 and and DC 2000DC 2000

• 1G + : 1G + : 4mm DAT4mm DAT (1.3) and (1.3) and 8mm DAT8mm DAT (2.3)(2.3)

Tape-backup devices parametersTape-backup devices parameters• type of mediatype of media

• hardware interfacehardware interface

• backup softwarebackup software

Type of media dictates capacityType of media dictates capacity Four primary standardsFour primary standards

• 40M to 800M : 40M to 800M : DC 600DC 600 and and DC 2000DC 2000

• 1G + : 1G + : 4mm DAT4mm DAT (1.3) and (1.3) and 8mm DAT8mm DAT (2.3)(2.3)

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Three standards for hardware interfaceThree standards for hardware interface

• QIC-02 (Quarter-Inch Committee)QIC-02 (Quarter-Inch Committee)• rate: 5M per minuterate: 5M per minute• short adapter card - requires a free slotshort adapter card - requires a free slot

• SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface)SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface)• rate: up to 10M/minute - no tape can sustainrate: up to 10M/minute - no tape can sustain• requires an expansion slot in host adapterrequires an expansion slot in host adapter

• Parallel portParallel port• easy configuration and cablingeasy configuration and cabling

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Removable storage devices provide removable storage Removable storage devices provide removable storage at a reasonable price and with good performanceat a reasonable price and with good performance• Large Floppy Disk Equivalent Drives:Large Floppy Disk Equivalent Drives:This would include This would include

the Iomega Zip drive, Syquest's EZ-135, the LS-120 120 MB the Iomega Zip drive, Syquest's EZ-135, the LS-120 120 MB floppy drive, and a few others.floppy drive, and a few others.

• Removable Hard Disk Equivalent Drives: Removable Hard Disk Equivalent Drives: This category This category includes devices such as Iomega's Jaz drive, Syquest's includes devices such as Iomega's Jaz drive, Syquest's SyJet, and various kinds of phase-change and magneto-SyJet, and various kinds of phase-change and magneto-optical drives.optical drives.

• CD-Recordable:CD-Recordable: These are write-once read-many drives with These are write-once read-many drives with a capacity of about 650 MBa capacity of about 650 MB

• CD-RewriteableCD-Rewriteable:: its media are reusable and it can also burn its media are reusable and it can also burn CD-Rs that play in most CD-ROMs or audio CDs as well (650 CD-Rs that play in most CD-ROMs or audio CDs as well (650 MB)MB)

Removable storage devices provide removable storage Removable storage devices provide removable storage at a reasonable price and with good performanceat a reasonable price and with good performance• Large Floppy Disk Equivalent Drives:Large Floppy Disk Equivalent Drives:This would include This would include

the Iomega Zip drive, Syquest's EZ-135, the LS-120 120 MB the Iomega Zip drive, Syquest's EZ-135, the LS-120 120 MB floppy drive, and a few others.floppy drive, and a few others.

• Removable Hard Disk Equivalent Drives: Removable Hard Disk Equivalent Drives: This category This category includes devices such as Iomega's Jaz drive, Syquest's includes devices such as Iomega's Jaz drive, Syquest's SyJet, and various kinds of phase-change and magneto-SyJet, and various kinds of phase-change and magneto-optical drives.optical drives.

• CD-Recordable:CD-Recordable: These are write-once read-many drives with These are write-once read-many drives with a capacity of about 650 MBa capacity of about 650 MB

• CD-RewriteableCD-Rewriteable:: its media are reusable and it can also burn its media are reusable and it can also burn CD-Rs that play in most CD-ROMs or audio CDs as well (650 CD-Rs that play in most CD-ROMs or audio CDs as well (650 MB)MB)

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Removable hard disksRemovable hard disks• can actually be a quite viable backup solutioncan actually be a quite viable backup solution

• AdvantagesAdvantages: very high performance, random-access : very high performance, random-access capability, standard interfaces and exchangeability, and capability, standard interfaces and exchangeability, and excellent reliabilityexcellent reliability

• DisadvantagesDisadvantages::• you lose the ability to buy additional backup media cheaplyyou lose the ability to buy additional backup media cheaply• Hard disks are also fragileHard disks are also fragile• can only be removed when the power is offcan only be removed when the power is off

In-place hard disk duplicationIn-place hard disk duplication• it is simple and automatableit is simple and automatable

• it doesn't protect against very many of the risks to your datait doesn't protect against very many of the risks to your data

Network BackupNetwork Backup File ArchivingFile Archiving

Removable hard disksRemovable hard disks• can actually be a quite viable backup solutioncan actually be a quite viable backup solution

• AdvantagesAdvantages: very high performance, random-access : very high performance, random-access capability, standard interfaces and exchangeability, and capability, standard interfaces and exchangeability, and excellent reliabilityexcellent reliability

• DisadvantagesDisadvantages::• you lose the ability to buy additional backup media cheaplyyou lose the ability to buy additional backup media cheaply• Hard disks are also fragileHard disks are also fragile• can only be removed when the power is offcan only be removed when the power is off

In-place hard disk duplicationIn-place hard disk duplication• it is simple and automatableit is simple and automatable

• it doesn't protect against very many of the risks to your datait doesn't protect against very many of the risks to your data

Network BackupNetwork Backup File ArchivingFile Archiving

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Need for hardware independent softwareNeed for hardware independent software

• SyTOS Sytron, Central PointSyTOS Sytron, Central Point Features:Features:

• back up entire partition or individual filesback up entire partition or individual files

• selective file-by-file restoreselective file-by-file restore

• combine several backup on a single tapecombine several backup on a single tape

• span a large drive on multiple tapesspan a large drive on multiple tapes

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Comparison of Backup Method Data Comparison of Backup Method Data Risk CoverageRisk CoverageComparison of Backup Method Data Comparison of Backup Method Data Risk CoverageRisk Coverage

Data RiskFloppy Disks

Tape Drive

Removable Storage Drives

Removable Hard Disks

In-Place Hard Disk

Duplication

Network Backup

File Archiving

Hardware Failure

High HighModerate to

HighModerate to

HighModerate High Low

Software Failure

High High High High Moderate High Low

File System Corruption

High High High HighLow to

ModerateModerate to High

Moderate

Accidental Deletion

High High High High High High High

Virus Infection

Moderate HighModerate to

HighModerate Low

Moderate to High

Low to Moderate

Theft High High HighModerate to

HighNone

Low to Moderate

None

Sabotage High High High High Very Low Low None

Natural Disaster

High High High High NoneLow to

ModerateNone

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Comparison of Backup Method Comparison of Backup Method CharacteristicsCharacteristicsComparison of Backup Method Comparison of Backup Method CharacteristicsCharacteristics CapacityCapacity: How much does the medium store, relative to : How much does the medium store, relative to

current average hard disks? Is it likely that an average current average hard disks? Is it likely that an average user's hard disk will fit onto one or maybe two pieces user's hard disk will fit onto one or maybe two pieces of media for the device/method? of media for the device/method?

AutomatabilityAutomatability: How possible is it to fully automate the : How possible is it to fully automate the backup so that it happens without any user backup so that it happens without any user intervention at all? intervention at all?

Minimized Startup CostMinimized Startup Cost: How well does the method : How well does the method minimize startup costs for hardware or software? minimize startup costs for hardware or software?

Minimized Media CostMinimized Media Cost: Does the method allow : Does the method allow additional backups at a reasonable cost? additional backups at a reasonable cost?

ExpandabilityExpandability: How possible is it to do more backups, : How possible is it to do more backups, or add additional backup media if needed? or add additional backup media if needed?

CapacityCapacity: How much does the medium store, relative to : How much does the medium store, relative to current average hard disks? Is it likely that an average current average hard disks? Is it likely that an average user's hard disk will fit onto one or maybe two pieces user's hard disk will fit onto one or maybe two pieces of media for the device/method? of media for the device/method?

AutomatabilityAutomatability: How possible is it to fully automate the : How possible is it to fully automate the backup so that it happens without any user backup so that it happens without any user intervention at all? intervention at all?

Minimized Startup CostMinimized Startup Cost: How well does the method : How well does the method minimize startup costs for hardware or software? minimize startup costs for hardware or software?

Minimized Media CostMinimized Media Cost: Does the method allow : Does the method allow additional backups at a reasonable cost? additional backups at a reasonable cost?

ExpandabilityExpandability: How possible is it to do more backups, : How possible is it to do more backups, or add additional backup media if needed? or add additional backup media if needed?

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Comparison of Backup Method Comparison of Backup Method CharacteristicsCharacteristicsComparison of Backup Method Comparison of Backup Method CharacteristicsCharacteristics ReliabilityReliability: In general terms--because this varies : In general terms--because this varies widelywidely based on based on

the type of device for items such as tape drives--how likely is it the type of device for items such as tape drives--how likely is it that if you have a disaster and need to restore from the backup, it that if you have a disaster and need to restore from the backup, it will work for you? will work for you?

Simplicity / ConvenienceSimplicity / Convenience: How easy is the method to use? Is there : How easy is the method to use? Is there any difficulty associated with the method that would tend to any difficulty associated with the method that would tend to discourage doing backups? discourage doing backups?

UniversalityUniversality: How common is the hardware used for the method? : How common is the hardware used for the method? If you needed to use the device in five years, how likely is it that If you needed to use the device in five years, how likely is it that you could find support or additional media for it? you could find support or additional media for it?

PerformancePerformance: How fast is the hardware and software used for the : How fast is the hardware and software used for the method? How much time will it take to do a backup? method? How much time will it take to do a backup?

Routine PotentialRoutine Potential: In general, how likely is it that, using this : In general, how likely is it that, using this method, someone is likely to settle into a backup routine and stick method, someone is likely to settle into a backup routine and stick with it? with it?

ReliabilityReliability: In general terms--because this varies : In general terms--because this varies widelywidely based on based on the type of device for items such as tape drives--how likely is it the type of device for items such as tape drives--how likely is it that if you have a disaster and need to restore from the backup, it that if you have a disaster and need to restore from the backup, it will work for you? will work for you?

Simplicity / ConvenienceSimplicity / Convenience: How easy is the method to use? Is there : How easy is the method to use? Is there any difficulty associated with the method that would tend to any difficulty associated with the method that would tend to discourage doing backups? discourage doing backups?

UniversalityUniversality: How common is the hardware used for the method? : How common is the hardware used for the method? If you needed to use the device in five years, how likely is it that If you needed to use the device in five years, how likely is it that you could find support or additional media for it? you could find support or additional media for it?

PerformancePerformance: How fast is the hardware and software used for the : How fast is the hardware and software used for the method? How much time will it take to do a backup? method? How much time will it take to do a backup?

Routine PotentialRoutine Potential: In general, how likely is it that, using this : In general, how likely is it that, using this method, someone is likely to settle into a backup routine and stick method, someone is likely to settle into a backup routine and stick with it? with it?

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Comparison of Backup Method Comparison of Backup Method CharacteristicsCharacteristicsComparison of Backup Method Comparison of Backup Method CharacteristicsCharacteristics

CharacteristicFloppy Disks

Tape Drives

Removable Storage Drives

Removable Hard Disks

In-Place Hard Disk

Duplication

Network Backup

File Archiving

CapacityVery Low

High Low to High High High High --

Automatability Low Low Low Low High High High

Minimized Startup Cost

Very High

Low to High

Low to Moderate

Moderate Moderate High Very High

Minimized Media Cost

LowModerate to High

Low to Moderate

Moderate Very Low Very High Very High

Expandability High High HighModerate to

HighLow Very High High

Reliability LowLow to High

Moderate to High

Moderate to High

High Very High Very High

Simplicity / Convenience

Moderate

Moderate to High

Moderate to High

Low Very High Moderate High

UniversalityVery High

Low to High

Low to Moderate

Moderate High High High

PerformanceVery Low

Low to Moderate

Low to High Very High Very HighModerate to

HighVery High

Routine PotentialVery Low

Moderate Moderate ModerateModerate to

HighHigh Very High

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What to BackupWhat to BackupWhat to BackupWhat to Backup

Types of backupTypes of backup• Full BackupFull Backup

• Selective BackupSelective Backup

• Incremental Backup: based on the archive bitIncremental Backup: based on the archive bit

Data files should always be backed upData files should always be backed up Programs do not need to be backed up as often as data Programs do not need to be backed up as often as data

doesdoes• installed programs should definitely not be ignored when installed programs should definitely not be ignored when

looking at backuplooking at backup

Files not to backupFiles not to backup• Swap FilesSwap Files

• Compressed Volume FilesCompressed Volume Files

BIOS settings (CMOS Memory) BackupBIOS settings (CMOS Memory) Backup

Types of backupTypes of backup• Full BackupFull Backup

• Selective BackupSelective Backup

• Incremental Backup: based on the archive bitIncremental Backup: based on the archive bit

Data files should always be backed upData files should always be backed up Programs do not need to be backed up as often as data Programs do not need to be backed up as often as data

doesdoes• installed programs should definitely not be ignored when installed programs should definitely not be ignored when

looking at backuplooking at backup

Files not to backupFiles not to backup• Swap FilesSwap Files

• Compressed Volume FilesCompressed Volume Files

BIOS settings (CMOS Memory) BackupBIOS settings (CMOS Memory) Backup

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OutlineOutlineOutlineOutline



















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When to Perform Preventive When to Perform Preventive MaintenanceMaintenanceWhen to Perform Preventive When to Perform Preventive MaintenanceMaintenance Frequency of preventive maintenance depends on Frequency of preventive maintenance depends on

• nature of the activitynature of the activity

• what your PC is being used forwhat your PC is being used for The interval for preventive maintenance on PCs can be The interval for preventive maintenance on PCs can be

determined based on determined based on

• elapsed time elapsed time

• usage metricsusage metrics PC maintenance activities are usually specified as time-basedPC maintenance activities are usually specified as time-based Should be performed more frequently depending on prevailing Should be performed more frequently depending on prevailing

conditionsconditions

• A PC used on the manufacturing floor of a steel mill needs to be A PC used on the manufacturing floor of a steel mill needs to be cleaned more often than one being used in a hospital. cleaned more often than one being used in a hospital.

• A disk that is doing heavy Internet file transfers needs virus A disk that is doing heavy Internet file transfers needs virus checking much more often than one that is used standalone and checking much more often than one that is used standalone and has no modem or floppy disk.has no modem or floppy disk.

Frequency of preventive maintenance depends on Frequency of preventive maintenance depends on

• nature of the activitynature of the activity

• what your PC is being used forwhat your PC is being used for The interval for preventive maintenance on PCs can be The interval for preventive maintenance on PCs can be

determined based on determined based on

• elapsed time elapsed time

• usage metricsusage metrics PC maintenance activities are usually specified as time-basedPC maintenance activities are usually specified as time-based Should be performed more frequently depending on prevailing Should be performed more frequently depending on prevailing

conditionsconditions

• A PC used on the manufacturing floor of a steel mill needs to be A PC used on the manufacturing floor of a steel mill needs to be cleaned more often than one being used in a hospital. cleaned more often than one being used in a hospital.

• A disk that is doing heavy Internet file transfers needs virus A disk that is doing heavy Internet file transfers needs virus checking much more often than one that is used standalone and checking much more often than one that is used standalone and has no modem or floppy disk.has no modem or floppy disk.

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When to Perform Preventive When to Perform Preventive MaintenanceMaintenanceWhen to Perform Preventive When to Perform Preventive MaintenanceMaintenance One enemy of preventive maintenance is simply One enemy of preventive maintenance is simply

remembering to do itremembering to do it Use of a preventive maintenance schedule reminds Use of a preventive maintenance schedule reminds

you when to perform key PC maintenance activitiesyou when to perform key PC maintenance activities Some software preventive maintenance activities can Some software preventive maintenance activities can

also be automated also be automated You should alter this schedule when it makes senseYou should alter this schedule when it makes sense

• you may normally only update the information on your you may normally only update the information on your emergency boot floppies once every few months, emergency boot floppies once every few months,

• you will also want to do it any time you upgrade your you will also want to do it any time you upgrade your operating systemoperating system

Software procedures, which often should be performed Software procedures, which often should be performed daily, are best done using some sort of daily, are best done using some sort of automated program schedulerautomated program scheduler

One enemy of preventive maintenance is simply One enemy of preventive maintenance is simply remembering to do itremembering to do it

Use of a preventive maintenance schedule reminds Use of a preventive maintenance schedule reminds you when to perform key PC maintenance activitiesyou when to perform key PC maintenance activities

Some software preventive maintenance activities can Some software preventive maintenance activities can also be automated also be automated

You should alter this schedule when it makes senseYou should alter this schedule when it makes sense• you may normally only update the information on your you may normally only update the information on your

emergency boot floppies once every few months, emergency boot floppies once every few months,

• you will also want to do it any time you upgrade your you will also want to do it any time you upgrade your operating systemoperating system

Software procedures, which often should be performed Software procedures, which often should be performed daily, are best done using some sort of daily, are best done using some sort of automated program schedulerautomated program scheduler

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Preventive Maintenance SchedulePreventive Maintenance SchedulePreventive Maintenance SchedulePreventive Maintenance Schedule

Preventive Maintenance ActivityPreventive Maintenance ActivityRecommendeRecommended Frequencyd Frequency

Auto?Auto?

Scan hard disk file systems for errorsScan hard disk file systems for errorsDailyDailyYesYes

Scan for virusesScan for virusesDailyDailyYesYes

Back up dataBack up dataDailyDailyYesYes

Clean CRT screenClean CRT screenWeeklyWeeklyNoNo

DefragmentDefragment hard disks hard disksWeeklyWeeklyYesYes

Scan for hard disk read errorsScan for hard disk read errorsWeeklyWeeklyYesYes

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Auto?Auto?

Clean mouseClean mouseMonthlyMonthlyNoNo

Check for full hard disk volumes and rCheck for full hard disk volumes and remove unnecessary filesemove unnecessary files

MonthlyMonthlyNoNo

Update virus definition filesUpdate virus definition filesMonthlyMonthlyYesYes

Check power protection devices to enCheck power protection devices to ensure they are still protecting the systesure they are still protecting the systemm

QuarterlyQuarterlyNoNo

Check power supply fan for ventilatioCheck power supply fan for ventilation and dirt buildup and clean if necessn and dirt buildup and clean if necessaryary


Back up CMOS informationBack up CMOS informationQuarterlyQuarterlyNoNo

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Auto?Auto?

Update emergency boot floppiesUpdate emergency boot floppiesQuarterlyQuarterlyNoNo

Clean floppy disk drive internals and rClean floppy disk drive internals and read/write headsead/write heads


Check processor temperature, inspectCheck processor temperature, inspect heat sink and fan heat sink and fan

Annually Annually NoNo

Check hard disk for temperature and vCheck hard disk for temperature and vibrationibration

Annually Annually NoNo

Clean exterior of caseClean exterior of caseAnnuallyAnnuallyNoNo

Clean exterior of monitorClean exterior of monitorAnnuallyAnnuallyNoNo

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Auto?Auto?

Check and clean interior, motherboarCheck and clean interior, motherboard and expansion cards if necessaryd and expansion cards if necessary

AnnuallyAnnuallyNoNo

Check internal connections and cableCheck internal connections and cabless

AnnuallyAnnuallyNoNo

Clean keyboardClean keyboardAnnually Annually NoNo

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Automating Preventive MaintenanceAutomating Preventive MaintenanceAutomating Preventive MaintenanceAutomating Preventive Maintenance

Software-related preventive maintenance activities can Software-related preventive maintenance activities can be automatedbe automated

Using system tools that automatically run programs at Using system tools that automatically run programs at a specific timea specific time

Automated activitiesAutomated activities• Checking the file system for errorsChecking the file system for errors• Checking all hard disks for read errorsChecking all hard disks for read errors• Scanning all hard disks and files for virusesScanning all hard disks and files for viruses• DefragmentationDefragmentation of all hard disk volumes of all hard disk volumes• Data backupData backup

Maintenance wizard in Windows Maintenance wizard in Windows • Defragment hard disk regularly (weekly)Defragment hard disk regularly (weekly)• Scan hard disk for errors regularly (weekly)Scan hard disk for errors regularly (weekly)• Delete unnecessary files (monthly)Delete unnecessary files (monthly)

Software-related preventive maintenance activities can Software-related preventive maintenance activities can be automatedbe automated

Using system tools that automatically run programs at Using system tools that automatically run programs at a specific timea specific time

Automated activitiesAutomated activities• Checking the file system for errorsChecking the file system for errors• Checking all hard disks for read errorsChecking all hard disks for read errors• Scanning all hard disks and files for virusesScanning all hard disks and files for viruses• DefragmentationDefragmentation of all hard disk volumes of all hard disk volumes• Data backupData backup

Maintenance wizard in Windows Maintenance wizard in Windows • Defragment hard disk regularly (weekly)Defragment hard disk regularly (weekly)• Scan hard disk for errors regularly (weekly)Scan hard disk for errors regularly (weekly)• Delete unnecessary files (monthly)Delete unnecessary files (monthly)

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SummarySummarySummarySummary

Prevention is always better than curingPrevention is always better than curing Preventive maintenance programPreventive maintenance program Passive preventive maintenancePassive preventive maintenance

• No direct sunlight or temperature variationsNo direct sunlight or temperature variations

• Limit number of power-on cyclesLimit number of power-on cycles

• Use properly grounded three-wire outletUse properly grounded three-wire outlet

• Use UPS systemUse UPS system

Active preventive maintenanceActive preventive maintenance• Cleaning and lubricating componentsCleaning and lubricating components




Prevention is always better than curingPrevention is always better than curing Preventive maintenance programPreventive maintenance program Passive preventive maintenancePassive preventive maintenance

• No direct sunlight or temperature variationsNo direct sunlight or temperature variations

• Limit number of power-on cyclesLimit number of power-on cycles

• Use properly grounded three-wire outletUse properly grounded three-wire outlet

• Use UPS systemUse UPS system

Active preventive maintenanceActive preventive maintenance• Cleaning and lubricating componentsCleaning and lubricating components




preventive maintenance dr. aiman h. el-maleh computer engineering department dr. aiman h. el-maleh...

Documents

data n

corrective maintenance

proactive maintenance

repair procedures n

system problems n diagnostic

data backing

long run n saves time

pc doesnt