private sector issues chapter five: premise security 1

PRIVATE SECTOR ISSUES

Chapter Five: Premise Security

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Property and Premise Crime

Property and Premise Crime In 2005 the Uniform Crime Report (UCR)

published by the FBI indicated that there were approximately 10 million serious property crimes:2 million burglaries6.6 million larcenies/thefts1.12 million motor vehicle thefts

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Property and Premise Crime The UCR’s Crime Clock indicates that, on average,

there is one serious property crime committed every 3.2 seconds:1 burglary every 14.5 seconds1 larceny/theft every 4.8 seconds1 motor vehicle theft every 28.8 seconds

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Property and Premise Crime The UCR’s arrest statistics show:

300,000 arrests for burglary 1.15 million arrests for larceny/theft 16,000 arrests for arson280,000 for vandalism134,000 for receiving, buying or possessing

stolen property

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Property and Premise Crime The Economic Cost:

$20 million is lost by victims of burglary, motor vehicle theft and personal thefts

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Property and Premise Crime The Business Cost:

BankruptcyBusiness failureIncreased cost of insuranceLoss of profitReduced productivityHigher overhead

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Property and Premise Crime The Personal Cost:

Physical and emotional injuries victims suffer The Social Cost:

InvestigatingProsecutingIncarcerating

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Property and Premise Crime Because of the work of Private police and security

guards burglaries have declined in the past 30 years

Individuals have installed burglar alarms, better locks, steel bars, stronger doors, security glass…

People in general are less likely to keep cash in their homes, since most people have resorted to credit and bank cards

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The Police, Private Security and Property Crime

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The Police, Private Security & Property Crime The Police

Try to be omnipresent (everywhere at once)Provide a sense of securityMake arrests

Respond to calls for service Investigate crimesBut the police are limited in personnel and

jurisdiction

The Police, Private Security and Property Crime

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The Police, Private Security & Property Crime Private Security

Private Security attempts to fill this gap left by the police

Private Security:Prevents crimes from occurringDetects crimes when they occurInvestigates crimes when they occur Apprehend criminals when the commit crimes

Residential Locations11

Neighborhoods Citizens are concerned about crime and have taken

measures to isolate or protect themselves against it in their neighborhoods

The police patrol residential areas and look for suspicious persons and other conditions that may indicate that a crime is or may be in progress (proactive policing)

The police respond to calls for assistance (reactive polilcing)


Neighborhoods The Broken Windows Theory

The “Broken Windows” theory states unrepaired broken windows or disrepair indicate that members of a community do not care about the quality of the life in their neighborhood; consequently, disorder and crime will thrive

Disorder in neighborhoods create fearCertain neighborhoods send out signals that

encourage crime


Neighborhoods Skogan identified two major categories of disorder

that affect the quality of life in the community:Human Physical Disorder:

Public drinkingCorner gangsStreet harassmentDrugNoisy neighborsCommercial sex


Neighborhoods Skogan identified two major categories of disorder

that affect the quality of life in the community:Physical Disorder:

VandalismDilapidationAbandonmentRubbish


Neighborhoods Community Policing

“Community Policing” is the police efforts at maintaining order and delivering services in a proactive relationship with the community instead of just reacting and responding to each incident that they are summoned to by a 911 call



The police have turned to the public and business communities for their support and active participation in programs to make the streets safer and the quality of life better



Community Crime Prevention ProgramsNeighborhood WatchCrime WatchBlock WatchCommunity AlertCitizen Patrol


Neighborhoods Business Improvement District

The “Business Improvement District” concept involves the combined efforts of the business community and the private security industry with the cooperation of the police


Private Residences We have all heard the saying “A man’s home is his

castle” People build fences, erect walls and plant shrubs to

define their property and to protect them People also spend large amounts of money on

outdoor lighting, locks and burglar alarms to protect their property


Private Residences Some Statistics

60% of household burglaries occur during the daytime hours when houses are most often unoccupied

87% were male63% were under 25 years old


Private Residences Some recommendations to decrease burglaries:

Install alarm systemsImplement Neighborhood Watch ProgramsImprove the visibility of houses


Private Residences Some other attempts to decrease burglaries:

Some have built “Gated Communities” and posted security officers at the entrance

Some apartments and condominiums have access cards, video surveillance (with real time text insertion) and security officers


Public Housing Developments The Journal of Security Administration

Crime on properties controlled by public housing creates special problems

The problems result from a combination of factors:

High density of populationPoverty Lack of adequate resources to combat

criminal activity


Public Housing Developments The Journal of Security Administration

This leads to other problemsIllegal drug useProstitutionBurglaryAssaultsCriminal mischief and vandalism


Public Housing Developments Police patrol these housing units, but:

Their resources are limited They can’t maintain a continued presence (they

must serve the entire community) Public Housing Development falls under the control

of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, which contracts with security firms to provide security (proprietary forces with police powers) in these developments

Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities26

Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities Some of the major security problems facing

hospitals and healthcare facilities are:The protection and safety of patients and

employeesOrder maintenancePrevention of thefts, fraud and internal employee

theft


Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities Hospital security staff are responsible for

preventing unauthorized persons from entering the facility or patients’ room (visitor control)

Security problems are often encountered in the hospital’s emergency room due to unruly, disruptive, emotionally disturbed and intexicated patients and visitors


Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities To accomplish this task, hospitals and healthcare

facilities generally use both proprietary security and contract security agencies Alarms, access control, video surveillance,

uniformed security personnel…Uniformed security presence at hospital

entrancesBadge control for employees and visitor’s pass

system


Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities Particular attention is given to areas where

medications are stored Three measures are usually useful to help decrease

loss and thefts of drugs at a hospital or healthcare facilityInternal reporting and monitoringInvestigationsEmployee education

Government Buildings & Facilities30

Government Buildings & Facilities Federal buildings are operated and managed by the

General Services Administration Since 9/11 the Federal Protective Service of the

Department of Homeland Security has guarded these buildings

It oversees over 10,000 armed private contract security guards

Government Buildings & Facilities31

Government Buildings & Facilities The U.S. Capitol and its grounds, including

numerous buildings, parks and thoroughfares are protected by the U.S. Capitol PoliceTraffic checkpointsHorse patrol for crowd controlProvide security for members of Congress and

their families

Educational Facilities32

Colleges College campus security officers engage in a wide

variety of tasks:Investigation of serious crimesEnforcement of parking regulationsAlarm monitoringBuilding lockupPersonal safety escortsTraffic enforcement


Colleges College campus security officers engage in a wide

variety of tasks:Investigation of serious crimesEnforcement of parking regulationsAlarm monitoringBuilding lockupPersonal safety escortsTraffic enforcementNotification of campus emergencies


Colleges The federal Clery Act mandates that colleges and

universities that receive federal funds must report crime data to inform the public about crimes on campus

This is mandated for accountability


Secondary and Elementary Schools These institutions focus on:

Order MaintenanceStudent SafetyAccess ControlCrime Control and PreventionVandalism

Houses of Worship & Cemeteries36

Houses of Worship & Cemeteries Churches, synagogues, temples, mosques and other

places of worship and cemeteries can be the targeted location for burglaries, vandalism, arson, theft and many other crimes

Read about the “Arson Prevention for America’s Churches and Synagogues” page 128

Transportation37

Airports The major threats to airports and airlines are:

TerrorismSkyjackingSmugglingAir Cargo TheftAccess ControlProperty and Facility ProtectionCrowd ControlOrder Maintenance

Transportation38

Airports In the 1960s numerous incidents of skyjacking led to

a national panic In 1973, after an increase of hijackings, “Security

Screening Points” or “Checkpoints” were set up in all U.S. airports under the control of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and were guarded by armed police officers

In 1978, armed police officers at the security checkpoints were discontinued (brutalization effect)

Transportation39

Airports But many of these checkpoints were ineffective:

Screeners missed weaponsInattention to terrorist profiles

One way ticketsBuying tickets with cash

Planes were left unattended and unlockedThe most common problem was “Piggybacking”

as a method to access restricted areas

Transportation40

Airports But many of these checkpoints were ineffective:

Not following access control procedures to certain areas of the airport

Poor security training programsLoopholes in the personnel screening

No background checksNo fingerprintsAllowed felons to get security jobs

Transportation41

Airports As a result of 9/11, President Bush signed the

Aviation and Transportation Security Act:Created the “Transportation Security

Administration” (TSA) to protect the nation’s transportation system and ensure freedom of movement for people and commerce

TSA now screens passengers at airports which used to be performed by FAA

Now, under Department of Homeland Security

Transportation42

Airports As a result of 9/11, President Bush signed the

Aviation and Transportation Security Act:Expanded the Federal Air Marshals ProgramCreated the position of Federal Airport Security

Director who would be directly responsible for security at airports

New procedures for screening passengersAbout 15% of the 2 million passengers are

chosen for secondary screening

Transportation43

Airports There are three major security operations that have

been instituted at airports to guard against passengers carrying explosives, weapons and contraband:Access ControlProfilingExplosive Detection

Transportation44

Ports, Cargo Depots and Trucks The major security problems for ports, cargo

companies, depots and trucking firms are:TerrorismCargo TheftHijackingEmployee Theft

Transportation45

Ports, Cargo Depots and Trucks 95% of all international commerce enters the U.S.

through its roughly 360 public and private ports80% of the trade moves through only 10 ports

Los AngelesLong BeachOaklandNew York

Transportation46

Parking Lots and Garages The major security problems at parking lots and

garages:AssaultsRobberiesPersonal TheftsThefts from AutosThefts of Autos

Transportation47

Parking Lots and Garages Parking facilities underneath buildings also create

opportunities for terrorists:The World Trade Center in NYC was attacked in

1993 when a terrorist placed a bomb in the parking garage underneath the World Trade Center

Transportation48

Parking Lots and Garages Parking lot and garage security includes

LightingPerimeter FencingCall StationsElectronic Video SurveillanceAccess ControlPatrolsAwareness Training

private sector issues chapter five: premise security 1

Documents

premise crime property

premise security

stolen property

police private security

serious property crimes

ucrs crime clock

uniform crime report

work of private police