REACTIONREACTION

Jose Y. Cueto Jr., MD, MHPEdJose Y. Cueto Jr., MD, MHPEd

Professional Regulatory Board of Professional Regulatory Board of MedicineMedicine

Situation: MedicineSituation: Medicine

38 medical schools38 medical schools

Based on institutional passing Based on institutional passing percentage in PLEpercentage in PLE

21 schools: satisfactory performance 21 schools: satisfactory performance 17 schools: poorly performing17 schools: poorly performing

2000-2012 Medical School2000-2012 Medical SchoolAccreditationAccreditation

UP-MlaUP-Mla UERMMMCUERMMMC CIMCIM USTUST SLUSLU FEUFEU XUXU DLSUDLSU

ArticleArticle

Education for Health, Vol. 19, Education for Health, Vol. 19, Number 2, July 2006Number 2, July 2006

Title: “Accreditation of Title: “Accreditation of Undergraduate Medical Training Undergraduate Medical Training Programs: Practices in Nine Programs: Practices in Nine Developing Countries as Compared Developing Countries as Compared with the United States”with the United States”

AuthorsAuthors

Jose Cueto Jr Vanessa C. Burch Nor Azila Mohd Adnan Bosede B. Afolabi, Zalina Ismail Wasim Jafri E. Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa Boaz Otieno-Nyunya

AuthorsAuthors

Avinash Supe Altantsetseg Togoo Ana Lia Vargas Elizabeth Wasserman Page S. Morahan William Burdick Nancy Gary

CountriesCountries ArgentinaArgentina IndiaIndia KenyaKenya MalaysiaMalaysia MongoliaMongolia NigeriaNigeria PakistanPakistan PhilippinesPhilippines South AfricaSouth Africa USAUSA

Accreditation DataAccreditation Data Argentina Argentina (28)(28)

MandatoryMandatory

India India (233)(233)

MandatoryMandatory

Kenya Kenya (2)(2)

MandatoryMandatory

Malaysia Malaysia (13) (13)

VoluntaryVoluntary

Mongolia Mongolia (5) (5)

VoluntaryVoluntary

Nigeria Nigeria (16) (16)

MandatoryMandatory

Pakistan Pakistan (35) (35)

MandatoryMandatory

Philippines Philippines (35) (35)

VoluntaryVoluntary

South Africa South Africa (8) (8)

MandatoryMandatory

USA USA (126)(126)

VoluntaryVoluntary

US SystemUS System

Accrediting body: LCMEAccrediting body: LCME VoluntaryVoluntary Functions as a mandatory systemFunctions as a mandatory system Only graduates of LCME-accredited Only graduates of LCME-accredited

schools can take the USMLEschools can take the USMLE All medical schools accreditedAll medical schools accredited

IndiaIndia

Accrediting BodyAccrediting Body NAACNAAC MCIMCI

NAAC for Quality in Higher EducationDr. Madhukar

11

Type of InstitutionsType of Institutions No. of No. of Institutions Institutions (as of Feb 2012)(as of Feb 2012)

Central UniversitiesCentral Universities 4343State UniversitiesState Universities 297297Deemed UniversitiesDeemed Universities 130130Institutions of National Institutions of National ImportanceImportance

6565

Private UniversitiesPrivate Universities 100100TotalTotal 635635

CollegesColleges 3302333023

Higher Education in India – A Glimpse

Source : UGC Annual report 2011 -2012

ObservationObservation

All 233 medical schools in India are All 233 medical schools in India are externally accreditedexternally accredited

All 126 medical schools in the US are All 126 medical schools in the US are externally accreditedexternally accredited

Only 8 out of the 38 PH medical Only 8 out of the 38 PH medical schools have participated in the schools have participated in the external accreditation systemexternal accreditation system

QA MechanismQA Mechanism

CHED

MEDICAL SCHOOLS

EXTERNAL ACCREDITING BODY

GRADUATES

PRC

Accrediting Bodies Accrediting Bodies Year Established/Years of Year Established/Years of

ExistenceExistence

PAASCUPAASCU 1957 (56 1957 (56 years)years)

PACUCOAPACUCOA 1973 (40 1973 (40 years)years)

ACSC-AAACSC-AA 1976 (37 1976 (37 years)years)

AACCUPAACCUP 1989 (24 1989 (24 years)years)

ConditionsConditions

1.1. External accreditation must be External accreditation must be voluntary.voluntary.

2.2. It must be independent. It must be independent.

3.3. It must not have government It must not have government participation.participation.

ConditionsConditions

1. It must be voluntary1. It must be voluntary

2. It must be 2. It must be independent.independent.

3. It must not have 3. It must not have government government participationparticipation

1. It must be 1. It must be mandatory.mandatory.

2. It must allow 2. It must allow supervision or some supervision or some oversight function.oversight function.

3. It must allow 3. It must allow government government participation.participation.

The Real Role of The Real Role of Accrediting BodiesAccrediting Bodies

Is the accreditation system Is the accreditation system responsible for the high quality of responsible for the high quality of medical education in our country?medical education in our country?

UST: 400 yearsUST: 400 years UP: 100 yearsUP: 100 years PAASCU: started by Catholic schools PAASCU: started by Catholic schools

in 1957in 1957

57 years57 years

With so many years difference between With so many years difference between the establishment of the schools, and the establishment of the schools, and establishment of accrediting body, the establishment of accrediting body, the role was focused on validating the role was focused on validating the excellent practices of the two schools.excellent practices of the two schools.

But with relatively younger schools, the But with relatively younger schools, the accrediting bodies should have a accrediting bodies should have a developmental role developmental role

Not possible if only 11-15% of HEI’s have Not possible if only 11-15% of HEI’s have voluntarily participated in the systemvoluntarily participated in the system

Side story to our articleSide story to our article

Initially submitted to Academic Initially submitted to Academic MedicineMedicine

Then to Medical TeacherThen to Medical Teacher Eventually to Education for HealthEventually to Education for Health

Reason: the first two wanted revisions Reason: the first two wanted revisions to include the IMPACT of to include the IMPACT of accreditation on the quality of accreditation on the quality of institutions and graduatesinstitutions and graduates

Realities in the Realities in the Philippine SettingPhilippine Setting

Where is the evidence about the Where is the evidence about the IMPACT of external accreditation?IMPACT of external accreditation?

If only 11-15% have volunteered to If only 11-15% have volunteered to participate in the accreditation participate in the accreditation process, how can the system help process, how can the system help the 85% of HEI’s improve their the 85% of HEI’s improve their quality of education and the quality quality of education and the quality of their graduates?of their graduates?

A Study to Determine A Study to Determine ImpactImpact

“Medical Education Accreditation in Mexico and the Philippines: Impact on Student Outcomes”

Marta van Zanten, Danette McKinley, Irene Durante Montiel & Concepcion V Pijano

Medical Education, 2012, 46, 586-592

Study: correlationStudy: correlation

Outcomes (first attempt pass rate on USMLE components and rate of

ECFMG certification) Medical school accreditation

USMLE ComponentsUSMLE Components

Part I: Basic SciencesPart I: Basic Sciences Part II: Clinical SciencesPart II: Clinical Sciences Part II: Performance-basedPart II: Performance-based

Results of the studyResults of the study

Correlation only in Part ICorrelation only in Part I

CONCLUSIONS. These findings support the

value and usefulness of accreditation in Mexico

and the Philippines by linking accreditation to

improved student outcomes

WeaknessesWeaknesses

Research DesignResearch Design AnalysisAnalysis ConclusionsConclusions

QuestionsQuestions From the perspective of the accrediting From the perspective of the accrediting

bodies, what kind of interventions in the bodies, what kind of interventions in the present accreditation system should be present accreditation system should be adopted?adopted?

How can accreditation help in the reform How can accreditation help in the reform of the educational system?of the educational system?

How can it help the implementation of the How can it help the implementation of the PQF, and its referencing to the AQRF in PQF, and its referencing to the AQRF in 2018?2018?

Philippine SituationPhilippine Situation

Submitted the article around 2003-Submitted the article around 2003-20042004

No medical school accredited by No medical school accredited by PAASCUPAASCU