redes y desarrollo local (es)/ networks and local development (spanish)/ sareak eta toki garapena...

8/2/2019 Redes y Desarrollo Local (Es)/ Networks and Local Development (Spanish)/ Sareak eta Toki Garapena (Es)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/redes-y-desarrollo-local-es-networks-and-local-development-spanish-sareak 1/76

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Q|ctce}hdiôe Ohzic| \`m|ëgsc Hnlsxsc|xsc =

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8 Ie}|`msddiôe 7 Dè}cv}` mc qh|}imh Nh Hgcedih ce |cm

< Dèdcq}` y }iq`n`gëht mc |cm 6 @|igce mcn }|hlho` ce |cm ]iq`n`gëht mc |cm

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= \cmct ie}c|eht 83 Q|`k`diôe mc |cmct n`dhnct Dôk` q`mck`t zitshnih| esct}|` k`m` mc }|hlhoh| ce |cm

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Q|ctce}hdiôe



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7

Dè}cv}` mc qh|}imh

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Ce ct}c ctdceh|i`. n` gn`lhn y n` n`dhn tè d`kqnckce}h|i`t.

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Nht Hgcediht ce |cm

Nht Hgcediht mc Mcth||`nn` N`dhn ` D`kh|dhn e` tè hocehth ct}c escz` dè}cv}` gn`lhn y n`dhn h nh zc y qc|dilce cnied|ckce}` mc nh d`kqc}i}izimhm qsct}` xsc dhmh zc tèkèt nht iet}i}sdièct qÿlnidht y q|izhmht xsc d`kqi}ce dècnnht ce dshe}` h nh q|ct}hdiôe mc tc|zidi`t ce nht è|cht }|h+midièhnct mc ckqnc`. j`|khdiôe ` tc|zidi`t h ckq|ctht.q`| qèc| se cockqn`% Ti h ct}` nc seik`t nh d`kqncoimhm mcnht |cnhdièct dè nht Iet}i}sdièct Qÿlnidht tsq|hkseidiqh+nct y nht mijidsn}hmct mc jiehedihdiôe e`t cedè}|hk`t dèse qhe`|hkh q`d` hnce}hm`| ce dshe}` h nh t`t}ceilinimhmmc ct}c k`mcn` mc hd}shdiôe%

Tc fhdc ecdcth|i` se escz` qnhe}chkice}` qh|h cedh|h|cn js}s|` mcn Mcth||`nn` N`dhn y nh |hôe mc tc| mc nhtHgcediht% Nh iedc|}imskl|c y nh d`kqc}cedih tè nht dè+midièct |ciehe}ct f`y ce mëh qh|h cn mctckqcø` mc dshn+xsic| hd}izimhm q`| n` dshn tc fhdc ecdcth|i` hmcdsh|tc y lstdh| esczht fc||hkice}ht. esczht è|cht mc hd}izimhm.ce mcjiei}izh. escz`t k`m`t mc qceth| y hd}sh| xsc e`tfhghe tc| d`kqc}i}iz`t ce cn mctckqcø` mc esct}|h }h|chtie `nzimh| cn jie ÿn}ik` xsc ct cn mc gcec|h| licect}h| yq|`g|ct` ce esct}|` ce}`|e`%

D`k` mcdëhk`t se q`d` kèt h||ilh. ce ct}c dè}cv}` mcd`kqc}cedih c iedc|}imskl|c nh iee`zhdiôe y cn }|hlho` ce|cm tc dèzic|}ce ce jhd}`|ct dnhzc. xsc qc|ki}ce se kco`|hq|`zcdfhkice}` mc n`t |cds|t`t &cdèôkid`t. }c||i}`|ihnct.t`dihnct.…) y ce mcjiei}izh se khy`| y kco`| mcth||`nn` }c||i+}`|ihn% Nh ie}c|hddiôe ce}|c hd}`|ct ckq|cth|ihnct y t`di`+iet+}i}sdièhnct mc se }c||i}`|i` gcec|h seh mieèkidh mc hq|ce+mihoc y nh d|chdiôe mc dè`dikice}`t y q|`msd}`t xsc e`q`m|ëhe tc| gcec|hm`t ce t`ni}h|i`. mc k`m` xsc dèjic|cehn }c||i}`|i` se dh|èd}c| iee`zhm`| xsc dèzic|}c h nht |cgi`+ect ce ghehm`|ht &Lceb` y Niqic}. 899<)%

Se cockqn` czimce}c mc }|hlho` ce |cm n` dèt}i}syc GH\H+QCE. mèmc tc d`kqh|}ce `loc}iz`t y |cds|t`t. ce}cemicem`d`k` |cds|t`t }hkliée nh iej`|khdiôe y cn dè`dikice}`% NhHt`dihdiôe mc Hgcediht mc Mcth||`nn` mcn Qhët Zhtd`.GH\HQCE. ct cn dnh|` cockqn` mc nh d``qc|hdiôe ce}|chd}`|ct. ce ct}c dht` h eizcn |cgièhn. xsc qc|ki}c hndheh|`loc}iz`t xsc q`| ti t`n`t e` q`m|ëhe%

GH\HQCE ct seh fc||hkice}h dè se g|he q`}cedihn% Ctcn dhsdc q`| cn xsc nht Hgcediht qscmce cnhl`|h| ct}|h+}cgiht d`kqh|}imht. ie}c|dhklih| cvqc|icediht y j`|}hnc+dc|tc d`k` ce}ct dnhzc mce}|` mcn kh|d` t`di`+iet}i}sdi`+ehn% Cn hq|`zcdfhkice}` mc nht cv}c|ehnimhmct xsc qscmc

gcec|h| ct}h |cm ct}è ce khe`t mc tst hd}`|ct y ts z`nse+}hm mc d``qc|hdiôe

8 Ie}|`msddiôe



6

Dèdcq}` y mcjieidiôe mc |cm

F`y ce mëh }`m` cn ksem` fhlnh ce khy`| ` kce`| kcmimh y ckqnch mc seh j`|kh eh}s|hn nh qhnhl|h |cm% Ctdsdfhk`t y htskik`t d`k` e`|khn cn ckqnc` mc dèdcq}`t d`k`|cmct mc tit}ckht. |cmct mc dismhmct. }|hlhoh| ce |cm. nh|cm mc |cmct &ie}c|ec}). y }`m` cnn` mctmc mijc|ce}ct ôq}idht y mitdiqnieht d`k` nh gc`g|hjëh. nh iezct}ighdiôe }cde`nôgi+dh ` nht dicediht q`në}idht%

Tie cklh|g`. h qcth| mc xsc sthk`t dè eh}s|hnimhm cndèdcq}` mc |cm. mctmc mijc|ce}ct èkli}`t tc e`t q|ctce}hd`k` hng` iee`zhm`|. d`k` se escz` k`mcn` mc ce}cemc|nht |cnhdièct y cej|ce}h|e`t h n`t |c}`t mc ct}h t`dicmhm mcnh iej`|khdiôe y cn dè`dikice}`. ctqcdihnkce}c mctmc nhôq}idh mcn mcth||`nn` t`di`cdèôkid` h eizcn n`dhn%

]`m`t mc se k`m` s `}|` ,ct}hk`t ce |cm,. ct}hlncdck`t|cnhdièct. kèt ` kce`t j`|khnct. c ie}c|dhklihk`t iej`|+khdiôe y |cds|t`t qh|h dètcgsi| mc}c|kiehm`t `loc}iz`t%Ct}` xsc qh|cdc }he tikqnc ct nh lhtc mcn dèdcq}` mc |cm. y ct hng` xsc ct}è q|ctce}c ce }`m`t n`t èkli}`t. ce nh t`dic+mhm dizin. nht |cnhdièct ckq|cth|ihnct. nht iet}i}sdièhnct yce }`mht nht d`kliehdièct |ctsn}he}ct mc ts ie}c|hddiôe%

Ce mcjiei}izh. tc dèt}|syc se escz` k`mcn` mc gct}iôet`l|c hng` xsc ct eh}s|hn y xsc hngse`t hs}`|ct ce}icemced`k` nh `|gheihdiôe q|ikh|ih. he}c|i`| hn q|cm`kiei` mcnht `|gheihdièct y nht }|hethddièct kh|dhmht q`| nhoc|h|xsëh y nht |cnhdièct zc|}idhnct%

°Tc }|h}h ce}èdct mc seh zscn}h h}|èt cn }|hlho` ce |cm0%

E` tc }|h}h mc eiegÿe |c}|`dct` ei mc seh zscn}h h tit}ckhttie `|mce ei dèdic|}` tie` seh gct}iôe kèt cjidice}c. jncvi+lnc y mieèkidh mc esct}|`t |cds|t`t y esct}|ht |cnhdièct.xsc e`t qc|ki}c tc| kèt d`kqc}i}iz`t ce se ce}`|e` dhmhzc kèt d`kqnco` y mizc|t`%

Nh c}hqh iemst}|ihn fh mcohm` qht` h seh t`dicmhm y sehcdè`këh mèmc cn zhn`| høhmim` y nh iee`zhdiôe ts|gce cece}`|e`t jncvilnct y mieèkid`t mèmc n`t jnso`t mc iej`|kh+diôe y dè`dikice}` mitds||ce dè khy`| jhdinimhm xsc ce`|gheihdièct y tit}ckht cvdctizhkce}c oc|h|xsihm`t ciek`zinit}ht% Ce ce}`|e`t mc |cm ct mèmc ts|gc nh iee`zh+diôe y nh iee`zhdiôe ct cn jhd}`| dnhzc mc nh d`kqc}i}izimhm%

Q`| cnn` h esct}|` ce}cemc|. ,nh |cm ct se escz` k`mcn` mc}|hlho`. seh khec|h mc h|}idsnh| |cnhdièct mc dh|èd}c| q|c+m`kiehe}ckce}c f`|iè}hn ce}|c hd}`|ct. mc se` kèt }c||i+

}`|i`t. mc dh|èd}c| qÿlnid` ô q|izhm`. y kcmihe}c nh dshn tcq|`msdc seh qh|}idiqhdiôe z`nse}h|ih y hd}izh qh|h hndheh|se `loc}iz` ` ie}c|ét d`kÿe% Qh|h n`g|h|n` tc |chnih seie}c|dhkli` mc |cds|t`t kh}c|ihnct ` iekh}c|ihnct y se jnso`

mc d``qc|hdiôe ce cn xsc q|cm`kieh nh ie}c|mcqcemcedih%

Ct}c k`mcn` mc }|hlho` qc|ki}c y j`kce}h nh gcec|hdiôe mcescz`t dè`dikice}`t c iee`zhdiôe y tc |czcnh d`k` se cnc+kce}` dnhzc mc d`kqc}i}izimhm,%

@|igce mcn }|hlho` ce |cm

Cvit}c g|he dhe}imhm mc lilni`g|hjëh hdc|dh mcn heènitit mcnht |cmct t`dihnct. nht |cmct `|gheihdièhnct ` |cmct mcckq|ctht. xsc }|h}he t`l|c n`t h}|ils}`t y mikcetièct q|ie+diqhnct mc nht |cmct hqnidhem` q|`g|hkht iej`|kè}id`t. tit+}ckht g|èjid`t. kh}|idct. c}d. y xsc `l}icece mijc|ce}ct }iq`+n`gëht mc |cmct% Ce}cemëhk`t xsc cvqèc| ce ct}`t qhqcnctctc }iq` mc }c`|ëht e` ilh h tsqèc| ksdf` zhn`| høhmim`h nh dsct}iôe xsc e`t ie}c|cth. htë xsc fck`t }|h}hm` mc |ch+nih| seh |cjncviôe kce`t dice}ëjidh y kc}`m`nôgidhkce}c|igs|`th. ce lcecjidi` mc se heènitit kèt tikqnc. qc|` xscd|cck`t kèt dc|dhe` y host}hm` h esct}|ht ecdctimhmct%

Fck`t imce}ijidhm` }|ct k`mcn`t mc }|hlho` ce |cm ce |cnh+diôe h ts `|igce ` qnheijidhdiôe. xsc ti lice tc d`kliehe cenh q|èd}idh. cn q|cm`kiei` mc se` s `}|` mcjiec nh ct}|h}cgih y cn q`}cedihn mc hddiôe mc n`t hgce}ct xsc n`t mcth||`nnhe%

N`t }|ct k`mcn`t lètid`t tè?

h) Hxscnnht |cmct xsc tc zhe j`|khem` d`k` j|s}` mc nhhd}izimhm mih|ih. mc n`t mijc|ce}ct q|`ycd}`t |chnihm`tdè cn qht` mcn }ickq`2 mc nht |cnhdièct qc|tèhnct. iet+}i}sdièhnct ` d`|q`|h}izht. mc nht d`nhl`|hdièct qse+}shnct ` n`t dèzcei`t y hdsc|m`t xsc tc fhe im` hm`q+}hem`. c}d%

l) Nht |cmct xsc q`mck`t mce`kieh| hm f`d. ` qh|}ceh|ih+m`t n`dhnct qh|h cn mctckqcø` mc se q|`ycd}` mc}c|ki+ehm`. dè se f`|iè}c }ckq`|hn kèt ` kce`t ms|hmc|`. y xsc ts|gce q`| seh dhsth cv}c|eh &d`k` qscmce tc| nhtHg|sqhdièct mc Mcth||`nn` mc n`t CXSHN) ` }hkliéed`k` j|s}` mc seh iexsic}sm ` imch q|`qiht%

d) Nht |cmct mc dh|èd}c| ct}|h}égid`. xsc dènnczhe se eizcn mc|cjncviôe y qnheijidhdiôe ct}|h}égidh. ce dshe}` h ts mitcø` y q|`k`diôe. n`t dè}hd}`t q`| è|cht iee`zhm`|ht ` ckc|+gce}ct &hsmi`zitshn. `di`.…). n`t hd}`|ct dè khy`| q`}ce+dihn c ie}c|ét &dce}|`t }cde`nôgid`t. ckq|ctht iee`zhm`+|ht.…). c}d. y xsc tsqèce seh jsce}c q`}cedihnkce}ckhy`| mc gcec|hdiôe mc dè`dikice}`. }|hetjc|cedih mciej`|khdiôe y ce mcjiei}izh. mc zhn`| høhmim` c iee`zhdiôe%

Mc se k`m` s `}|` nnczhk`t ksdf` }ickq` }|hlhohem` ce|cm. ce nh khy`|ëh mc n`t dht`t tie tc| dètdice}ct mcnq`}cedihn xsc }icec y mc n` xsc e`t qscmc hq`|}h| ti n` cej`+dhk`t mc se k`m` kèt q|`hd}iz` y ct}|h}égid`%

< Dèdcq}` y }iq`n`gëht mc |cm



8 Ie}|`msddiôe

9

Cvit}c seh mijc|cedih jsemhkce}hn ce}|c cn q|ikc| k`mcn` y cn

ÿn}ik`. y ct xsc ce cn ÿn}ik` e`t dèzc|}ik`t ce hd}`|ct q|`+hd}iz`t ce dshe}` h nh gct}iôe. ct}hk`t qcethem` y qnheiji+dhem` dè seh zitiôe kèt ie}cg|hn. tsqc|hem` nh iekcmih}c y q|`k`zicem` hdè}cdikice}`t y hddièct kèt xsc |chddi`+ehem` y hd}shem` mc khec|h tsltimih|ih% Ce mcjiei}izh. esct+}|` q`mc| mc iejnscedih ct khy`|. q`| dshe}` ct}hk`t ctd`+gicem` hxscnnht `qdièct xsc e`t qh|cdce kèt ie}c|cthe}ct y lcecjidi`tht g|hdiht h seh iej`|khdiôe kèt d`kqnc}h. hseh q`tidiôe kèt dce}|hn ce nh khnnh mc |cnhdièct%

Tie cklh|g`. ct}h }iq`n`gëh e` ct dc||hmh. ct}`t k`m`t mchd}sh| tc t`nhqhe se`t dè `}|`t mc k`m` xsc dèzizce n`tq|`ycd}`t mc d``qc|hdiôe qse}shnct ce cn kh|d` mc |cnh+dièct j|s}` mc nh hd}izimhm mih|ih y ce hngse`t dht`t dèq|`dct`t mc |cjncviôe y qnheijidhdiôe. dè nh iexsic}sm q`|lstdh| esczht è|cht ` jô|ksnht qh|h |c`|ice}h| nh hd}izimhm y ti}sh| h nht `|gheihdièct ce dè}hd}` dè mc}c|kiehm`ttcd}`|ct. ckq|ctht ` iet}i}sdièct%

Dhmh `|gheihdiôe tc zc dèmidièhmh q`| ts q|`qi` lhgh+oc |cnhdièhn. q`| cn khqh mc hd}`|ct. q`| nht q|`lnckè}idhtq|`qiht mcn }c||i}`|i`. c}d. qc|` cn dè`dikice}` y heènitit mcct}h ti}shdiôe mc qh|}imh nc mclc tc|zi| mc lhtc y |cjc|cedihqh|h i| }coicem` ctht |cnhdièct xsc kco`|ce tst dè}hd}`t.mce t`nsdiôe h tst q|`lnckht y nc qc|ki}he hmhq}h|tc

kco`|% Tc }|h}h|ëh mc hd}sh| t`l|c esct}|` khqh mc dè}hd+}`t. |c`|ice}èem`n`. hkqnièem`n` y khe}ceiéem`n` tcgÿed`||ctqèmh ce dhmh dht`%

Ce ct}c dè}cv}`. tc fhdc ecdcth|i` d`kceh| h dhkieh|q`| ct}c dhkie` mèmc nh qnheijidhdiôe ct}|h}égidh y nht|cmct mc hd}`|ct tc dèzic|}ce ce nht fc||hkice}ht dnhzcqh|h d`kqc}i|% Tc }|h}h. d`k` zc|ck`t ce cn tigsice}c hqh|+}hm`. jsemhkce}hnkce}c mc se dhkli` mc kce}hnimhm. mchmxsi|i| seh zitiôe y se cej`xsc escz`t. qc|` }hkliée mcmcth||`nnh| seht dhqhdimhmct ce dshe}` h jncvilinimhm.dhqhdimhm mc qnheijidhdiôe y he}idiqhdiôe. ctjsc|` iej`|+khdièhn. ziginhedih mcn ce}`|e`. c}d%

]iq`n`gëh mc nht |cmct

Ce}cemck`t xsc fhlnh| mc |cmct d`k` dèdcq}` nighm` h nhjncvilinimhm. nh iej`|khnimhm. nht |cnhdièct f`|iè}hnct y nhie}c|mcqcemcedih e`t mijidsn}h ct}hlncdc| seh }iq`n`gëhdc||hmh mc |cmct% Ti fhlnhk`t mc |cmct d`k` qh|hmigkhmc gct}iôe y }|hlho` mc dh|èd}c| mieèkid` y qh|}idiqh}iz`mèmc n`t hgce}ct y tst |cnhdièct tè dhklihe}ct. h kces+

m` }|heti}`|iht. ct mijëdin y niki}hm`| h nh zc mctd|ili| sehtc|ic mc }iq`t qsct}` xsc dhmh |cm ct mijc|ce}c. dhklihe}c y mcqcemc mc kÿn}iqnct dèmidièhe}ct%

Mc n` xsc të q`mck`t fhlnh| ct mcn `|igce. nh jin`t`jëh ` nh

ct}|h}cgih xsc t`q`|}h dhmh cvqc|icedih mc }|hlho` d`k`fck`t imce}ijidhm` ce cn hqh|}hm` he}c|i`|. y q`| `}|h qh|}cmc hxscnnht mikcetièct ` dh|hd}c|ët}idht xsc dètimc|hk`t}icece se khy`| qct` ce ts mcth||`nn` y xsc qscmce imce}i+jidh|nht mc k`m` tigeijidh}iz`

D`k` d`kce}èlhk`t ce nh ie}|`msddiôe zhk`t h dce}|h|e`tce dshe}` hn }|hlho` ce |cm ce m`t }iq`t mc |cmct. ce lhtch seh mikcetiôe }c||i}`|ihn? q`| se nhm`. nht |cmct ie}c|eht.xsc cegn`lhe n`t nh`t ` |cnhdièct mce}|` mc se }c||i}`|i`2 y q`| `}|` nht |cmct cv}c|eht. |cjc|ce}ct h nh ie}c|hddiôe dèhd}`|ct xsc qc|}cecdce h se èkli}` }c||i}`|ihn kèt hkqni`%

Hn kitk` }ickq`. ct}ht |cmct ct}èe dèmidièhmht q`| seh tc|icmc dh|hd}c|ët}idht. d`k` zc|ck`t ce cn hqh|}hm` 4. xsc nht mcji+ece y e`t fh qh|cdim` ie}c|cthe}c hmcnhe}h| ce qh|}c hngsehtmc ctht dh|hd}c|ët}idht dnhzc q`| nh iedimcedih xsc }icece ce nhdèjigs|hdiôe y cn mcth||`nn` mc nht kitkht% Q`| n` }he}`. y høh+micem` n` he}c|i`|. zhk`t h |chnih| seh mit}iediôe ce}|c }iq`t mc|cmct ce lhtc h }|ct mikcetièct ` htqcd}`t xsc tè?

cn èkli}` }c||i}`|ihn nh j`|khnimhm mc nht |cnhdièct cn èkli}` mc n`t hd}`|ct

Èkli}` }c||i}`|ihn? |cmct ie}c|eht y cv}c|eht

Nh cdè`këh gn`lhn ct}è h|}idsnhmh ce |cmct mc dismhmct. xsctc dèj`|khe d`k` hd}`|ct d`ncd}iz`t q`mc|`t`t y mieèkid`tce nh ctdceh cdèôkidh gn`lhn% Ct}ht |cmct. xsc q`m|ëhk`tmce`kieh| cv}c|eht. ct}èe h|}idsnhmht cncd}|ôeidhkce}c ydèmsdce h nh ie}cg|hdiôe mc nsgh|ct y d`kseimhmct n`dhnctce ctqhdi`t |cgièhnct. ehdièhnct y gn`lhnct% Nht dismhmct` g|hemct dismhmct jsedièhe d`k` e`m`t mce}|` mc sehkhnnh ` }coim`. ct}hlncdicem` |cnhdièct mc dh|èd}c| f`|iè+}hn. xsc qc|ki}ce seh }|hetjc|cedih mc dè`dikice}`t y d``+qc|hdiôe. jhdini}hem` nh d`fctiôe }c||i}`|ihn y q|`k`zicem` nhiee`zhdiôe d`k` jhd}`| jsemhkce}hn mc mcth||`nn`%

Ct}c k`mcn` }cde`+cdèôkid` |cxsic|c seh h|}idsnhdiôece}|c n`dhn y gn`lhn. mc k`m` xsc tc |cxsic|c cn ct}hlncdi+kice}` mc se jsedièhkice}` }hkliée ce |cm h eizcn ie}c|e`mc nh dismhm. nh dismhm+|cm. mc k`m` xsc tc h|}idsnce hmki+eit}|hdièct qÿlnidht. hgce}ct cdèôkid`t qÿlnid`t y q|izh+m`t. `|gheihdièct t`dihnct y dëzidht. tcd}`|ct ie}cncd}shnct y q|`jctièhnct. kcmi`t mc d`kseidhdiôe t`dihn. iet}i}sdi`+ect q`në}idht y t`dicmhm dizin%

Ct}ht |cmct mc dh|èd}c| ie}c|e`. |cjsc|he n`t nh`t n`dhnct y

tc cekh|dhe ce se q|`g|ctiz` q|`dct` mc mctdce}|hnihdiôe.ce cn dshn seh zh|icmhm mc hd}`|ct dè ie}c|ét ce se htse}`ce qh|}idsnh| tc dècd}he se`t dè `}|`t. htskicem` d`kqc+}cediht y |ctqèthlinimhmct mc se k`m` e` oc|è|xsid`%



81

Hn kitk` }ickq`. cn mcth||`nn` mc ct}`t m`t }iq`t mc q|`dct`t

|cnhdièhnct &|cmct ie}c|eht y cv}c|eht) ce se mc}c|kiehm`nsgh| &dismhm. |cgiôe) tc dètimc|h ietsjidice}c qh|h n`g|h|eizcnct tigeijidh}iz`t mc mcth||`nn` n`dhn% Ct ecdcth|i` cn ct}h+lncdikice}` mc seh dècviôe ce}|c hkl`t. xsc qc|ki}h nhietc|diôe mc n` n`dhn ce n` gn`lhn. y zidczc|th. mc k`m` xsctc |c}|`hnikce}ce% Ce ct}c q|`dct`. tie msmh. cn jhd}`| dnhzc cedshe}` h nh dhnimhm c ie}cetimhm mc nht |cmct ct nh iee`zhdiôe%

G|hm` mc j`|khnimhm? \cmct j`|khnct c iej`|khnct

Nh j`|khnimhm d`k` dèdcq}` mcjieim`| mc seh |cm fhdc|cjc|cedih hn }iq` mc |cnhdièct xsc nh ct}|sd}s|he y kcmihe+}c nht dshnct ie}c|hd}ÿhe n`t hd}`|ct xsc ce cnnh qh|}idiqhe%

Q`| n` gcec|hn. j`|khnimhm c iej`|khnimhm tc kcdnhe ce}`mht nht |cnhdièct mc khec|h xsc cvdcq}shem` hxscnn`tce}`|e`t ` tit}ckht dè seh hn}h ls|`d|h}ihdiôe ` d`kqnc+oimhm hmkieit}|h}izh. e`t cedè}|hk`t dè xsc tickq|c cvit+}ce cnckce}`t mc dh|èd}c| iej`|khn ce esct}|ht |cnhdièct%

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nnczhe seh jhn}h mc q|`msd}izimhm c ie}c|ét ce n`t hd}`|ct%

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Ce }`|e` h ct}h mit}iediôe ce}|c |cmct j`|khnct c iej`|khnct cie}ce}hem` hncoh|e`t mc dshnxsic| hq|i`|itk` tc mc}cd}h xscnht |cmct iej`|khnct khy`|i}h|ihkce}c tè kht jncvilnct. }ic+ece se d`kqèce}c mc hs}è`këh. iee`zhdiôe y z`nse}h|it+k` cnczhm` kice}|ht xsc q`| dè}|h tè kht zsnec|hlnct xschxscnnht j`|khnct }he}` ce ts jhdc}h cv}c|i`| d`k` ce nhmcqcemcedih mc nht tiegsnh|imhmct mc nht qc|tèht%

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ct}`t cnckce}`t xsc m`}he mc j`|khnimhm h nht |cnhdièctd`k` h nh lÿtxscmh mc n`t kitk`t d`k` q|i`|imhm mc n`thgce}ct. he}cqèicem` ct}h tcgs|imhm q`| cedikh mc sehhs}ée}idh th}itjhddiôe mc iexsic}smct ` ecdctimhmct%

D`||ck`t cn |ictg` mc t`kc}c|e`t h mieèkidht mèmc q|ikh

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Èkli}` mc n`t hd}`|ct? \cmct qÿlnidht y q|izhmht

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ce}imhmct%

]hn y d`k` hji|khe hngse`t }cô|id`t ct kht tcedinn` h|}idsnh|q|`dct`t mc dèdc|}hdiôe qÿlnid`+q|izhm`t xsc tc mc|izce cenh dèt}i}sdiôe mc esczht |cmct xsc q|`k`zc| nh ie}c|iet}i}sdi`+ehnimhm mcn tcd}`| qslnid` y cn }|hlho` ce |cm% Nht |cnhdièctmcn tcd}`| qÿlnid`. htë d`k` nht |cnhdièct ce}|c Iet}i}sdièct y`|gheitk`t qÿlnid`t dè cn |ct}` mc ce}imhmct ` qc|tèht. tccedsce}|he kh|dhmht q`| nh oc|h|xsëh y nh j`|khnimhm. n` dshnj|ceh e`}hlnckce}c nh q`tilinimhm mc }|hlhoh| ` d``qc|h| ce}é|kie`t mc |cm% Q`| cnn` q`mck`t |cnhdièh| hklht mikce+tièct y dèdnsi| xsc ce nht |cnhdièct |cmct mèmc tc fhyheq|ctce}ct nht Iet}i}sdièct Qÿlnidht y ts q`tidiôe ct |cnczhe}c.lice q`| cn ie}c|ét xsc mcksct}|he ` q`| nh jiehedihdiôed`||ctqèmice}c. tc q|`msdc seh }cemcedih h nh mcqcemcedihdè se`t lcecjidi`t dèose}`t kèt xsc dsct}ièhlnct%

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msd}` ` }cde`n`gëh y ce mcjiei}izh d`kqc}i}izimhm%



88

Ce n`t hqh|}hm`t he}c|i`|ct fck`t fhlnhm` t`l|c? cn escz`

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Cnckce}`t dnhzc

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Q`| `}|` nhm`. ce ct}h mshnimhm qÿlnid`+q|izhmh. nht Hgce+diht }icece ce nht ckq|ctht q|izhmht. mc dshnxsic| }iq`. hnih+m`t q`}cedihnct h nh f`|h mc ce}|h| ce escz`t kc|dhm`t y}|hlhoh| ce è|cht mc dè`dikice}` |cnhdièhmht% ]|hlhoh|dè nh ieidih}izh q|izhmh y hmxsi|i| cn dèdcq}` mc ecg`di` y d`kqc}i}izimhm ckq|cth|ihn ct jsemhkce}hn qh|h q`mc| tc|zihlnct d`k` hd}`| ikqsnt`| mc mcth||`nn` h eizcn n`dhn%

Ce |cnhdiôe dè cn `|igce qÿlnid` mc nht Hgcediht tc fhdcecdcth|i` kcedièh| se htse}` mc qnceh hd}shnimhm xsc ncth}høc d`k` ct nh |cj`|kh mcn G`lic|e` N`dhn ce dshe}` h tskh|d` d`kqc}cedihn y ts jiehedihdiôe. d`k` seh zëh mc mct+dce}|hnihdiôe mctmc nht D`kseimhmct fhdih n`t Kseidiqi`t.hkqnihem` nh hgcemh kseidiqhn qh|h q`mc| |ctqèmc| mckhec|h cjcd}izh y ce dèmidièct hn dè}cv}` hd}shn% Nh hqh+

|idiôe mc esczht dsct}ièct ckc|gce}ct &t`t}ceilinimhm. d``+qc|hdiôe hn mcth||`nn`. mizc|timhm dsn}s|hn. escz`t yhdikice+}`t mc ckqnc`.…) xsc |cxsic|ce esczht dèdcqdièct cedshe}` h q`në}idht. htë d`k` seh d|cdice}c cvigcedih q`|

qh|}c mc h dismhmheëh. qnhe}che nh ecdctimhm mc se escz`

k`mcn` mc g`lic|e`. ctqcdihnkce}c h eizcn n`dhn%

Se htqcd}` xsc xsièt h q|ikc|h zit}h qscmc e` qh|cdc|ikq`|}he}c ` |cnczhe}c qc|` xsc }hkliée dh|hd}c|ih h seh|cm ct ts qc|kchlinimhm. ` midf` mc `}|` k`m` ts hqc|}s|h hescz`t hd}`|ct. esczht |cmct ` è|cht% Cn g|hm` mc qc|kchli+nimhm qc|ki}i|è seh khy`| ` kce`| d`kqncoimhm mc nh |cm.hsexsc h nh zc gcec|h|è khy`|ct q`tilinimhmct mc hddct`h iej`|khdiôe y dè`dikice}` qh|h hxscnn`t hd}`|ct xsctcqhe dècd}h|tc kco`|% Ce dhkli` ti nh |cm }icec se dh|èd}c|dc||hm` qscmc ikqcmi| hddcmc| h t`nsdièct kèt iee`zhm`+|ht qh|h escz`t q|`lnckht y d`||c|è cn |ictg` mc dhc| ce |cnh+dièct mckhtihm` j`|khnct y ct}|cdfht dè se cvdct` mcmcqcemcedih y ctdht` kh|gce mc khei`l|h qh|h hq|`zcdfh|n`t lcecjidi`t y `q`|}seimhmct mcn }|hlho` ce |cm%

Hmckèt mc nht |cnhdièct. `}|` cnckce}` xsc iedimc mckhec|h jsemhkce}hn ce nh dèjigs|hdiôe y jsedièhkice}`mc nht |cmct ct cn }iq` mc hd}`|ct% Q`| cnn` ct ikq`|}he}cdè`dc| cn eÿkc|` mc n`t kitk`t. mc xsé }iq` tè ` xséhd}izimhm mctckqcøhe &tcd}`| qÿlnid` ` q|izhm`. cmsdh+diôe. iezct}ighdiôe y }cde`n`gëh. tcd}`| dizin. }c|dc| tcd+}`|.…)% ]hkliée ct ikq`|}he}c dè`dc| ts èkli}` }c||i}`|ihn y ts g|hm` mc dècd}izimhm dè cn |ct}` mc n`t d`kqèce}ctmc nh |cm. qh|h q`mc| czhnsh| ts q`mc| c iejnscedih mce}|`

mc nh kitkh. htë d`k` ts dhqhdimhm qh|h tc|zi| mc qsce}cdè `}|`t hd}`|ct y d|ch| g|sq`t%

Q`| `}|h qh|}c. ce dshe}` h n`t hd}`|ct. cn qhqcn xsc mctck+qcøce ce nh |cm y n`t ie}c|dhkli`t mc |cds|t`t xsc |chnihedè dhmh hd}`|. ose}` dè ts ie}c|ét ` d`kq|`kit` qscmcemh|e`t iej`|khdiôe hdc|dh mcn q`}cedihn mc nh |cm% Hmckèt.ct ikq`|}he}c |cjncoh| cn hddct` h iej`|khdiôe y dè`di+kice}` xsc tsqèc dhmh hd}`| qh|h q`mc| j`|ksnh| esczhtct}|h}cgiht y miehkih| nh |cm%

Nh h|}idsnhdiôe mc nht |cnhdièct &j`|khnct ` iej`|khnct)ce}|c n`t mizc|t`t hd}`|ct zh h |cxsc|i| mc seht fc||hkice+}ht ` kcdheitk`t. ce n`t dshnct zc|ck`t ts g|hm` mc zi|+}shnimhm &st` mc E]IDt? zimc`dèjc|cediht. q|`g|hkht iej`|+kè}id`t. ie}c|ec}.…) y nh ecdctimhm mc hmhq}hdiôe h eizcn}cde`nôgid` ` hmkieit}|h}iz`. nh kc}`m`n`gëh y n`t tit}ckhtmc iej`|khdiôe &|cseièct. iej`|kct. j`|`t. dètco`t) htëd`k` nh j|cdscedih% Hmckèt ct ikq`|}he}c zc| cn g|hm` mcqnheijidhdiôe ct}|h}égidh ce cn mitcø`. miehkihdiôe y khe+}ceikice}` mc nh |cm

D`k` mcdëhk`t. ce seh |cm tc d`kqh|}ce |cds|t`t xsc qsc+mce tc| mc dh|èd}c| kèt }hegilnc d`k` tè n`t |cds|t`t cd`+eôkid`t &iezc|tièct. hq`|}hdièct. tslzcedièct.…). fskh+

e`t &}édeid`t. mi|cd}iz`t.…) ` kh}c|ihnct &iet}hnhdièct. khxsi+eh|iht. cxsiq`t iej`|kè}id`t.…) qc|` }hkliée `}|`t kèt ie}he+gilnct d`k` nh iej`|khdiôe. nh j`|khdiôe y cn dè`dikice}`hdsksnhm` mc seh `|gheihdiôe ` tst ie}cg|he}ct. xsc q`| n`



8 Ie}|`msddiôe

84

gcec|hn dèt}i}syce cn zc|mhmc|` k`}iz` mc d`nhl`|hdiôe y cn

j`d` mc iee`zhdiôe mcn }|hlho` ce |cm% Q`| n` }he}` ct ikq`|+}he}c }|h}h| mc zitnskl|h| cn eizcn mc }|hetjc|cedih mc ct}c }iq`mc |cds|t`t y hd}iz`t ce}|c hd}`|ct% Hmckèt cvit}ce ksdfht jô|+ksnht. }|hlhohem` ce |cm. mc hq`|}h| |cds|t`t iez`nsd|hem` hn`t hd}`|ct tcgÿe tst dhqhdimhmct%

Hn jiehn cn }|hlho` ce |cm }icec xsc gcec|h| se`t |ctsn}hm`tdèd|c}`t. q`|xsc tie` n`t hd}`|ct qic|mce cn ie}c|ét ce d`k+qh|}i| tst |cds|t`t% Hn igshn xsc n`t |cds|t`t cn dh|èd}c| mcn`t |ctsn}hm`t qscmc tc| kèt ` kce`t }hegilnc y tc|è zhn`+|hm` ce jsediôe mc n`t `loc}iz`t kh|dhm`t. d`ksect y qh|+}idsnh|ct. qc|` }hkliée q`| cn ie}c|ét. cn g|hm` mc d`kq|`+kit` y d`nhl`|hdiôe. cn }iq` mc hgce}c &qÿlnid`. q|izhm`.cmsdhdiôe.…) y ts mikcetiôe ` q|`ycddiôe%

Q`| }he}` q`mck`t fhlnh| mc |ctsn}hm`t ce dshe}` h q|`+ ycd}`t dèd|c}`t. nëecht mc iezct}ighdiôe. dhehnct mc iej`|+khdiôe. }|hetjc|cediht mc dè`dikice}`. dhqhdi}hdiôe mc|cds|t`t fskhe`t y hq|cemihoc `|gheihdièhn. htit}cedih}édeidh. ie}c|kcmihdiôe. tiec|giht. |cmsddiôe mc d`t}ct ykco`| hq|`zcdfhkice}` mc |cds|t`t. hqc|}s|h h escz`tt`di`t y kc|dhm`t. khy`| hndhedc q`lnhdièhn ce }é|kie`tmc licect}h| y |ixsch. c}d%

Lcecjidi`t mcn }|hlho` ce |cm

D`k` d`kce}èlhk`t he}c|i`|kce}c. cn }|hlhoh| ce |cm yh|}idsnh| |cnhdièct ce}|c hd}`|ct mizc|t`t mc se }c||i}`|i`.tsqèc se jhd}`| dnhzc mc d`kqc}i}izimhm f`y ce mëh qh|hnht Hgcediht mc Mcth||`nn` N`dhn%

Qc|`. °ce xsé tc }|hmsdc cth d`kqc}i}izimhm0%

Dètimc|hk`t xsc cvit}ce m`t zce}hoht d`kqc}i}izht dnh|htxsc tc mc|izhe mcn }|hlho` ce |cm y xsc h ts zc qscmce tc|cn `|igce mc `}|`t htqcd}`t q`ti}iz`t% Ct}ht zce}hoht tè? cnhddct` h |cds|t`t y seh dce}|hnimhm ce nh khnnh mc |cnhdi`+ect mcn }c||i}`|i`%

Ct}c hddct` h |cds|t`t tc |cjic|c h hxscnn`t |cds|t`t xsc nhtHgcediht ce ksdf`t dht`t e` mitqèce. ` mitqèce cekce`| kcmimh ` dè kce`| dhnimhm y xsc q`| n` }he}` nctikqimce hddcmc| h `}|ht è|cht mc ecg`di` ` hd}izimhm%Htë ct. nht Hgcediht e` q`tcce |cds|t`t cdèôkid`t iniki}h+m`t. }hkq`d` mitqèce mc se dè`dikice}` ÿeid`. ctqcdihn+kce}c ce è|cht iee`zhm`|ht d`k` nht E]IDt q`| cockqn`%Q`| n` }he}`. ti ce}cemck`t xsc nht Hgcediht mclce |cqnhe+

}ch|tc ts qhqcn y |cj`|ksnh| ts k`mcn` mc hd}shdiôe. |c`+|ice}h|tc ce mcjiei}izh fhdih esczht è|cht dè escz`t ké}`+m`t. cth iej`|khdiôe y dè`dikice}` tè n`t |cds|t`t ` hd}i+z`t kèt ikq`|}he}ct f`y ce mëh y tc dèzic|}ce ce zc|mh+

mc|`t cnckce}`t dnhzc qh|h nh iee`zhdiôe y nh d`kqc}cedih

ce}|c ckq|ctht. `|gheihdièct y }c||i}`|i`t% Cn }|hlho` ce|cm qc|ki}c hddcmc| h ct`t |cds|t`t. gct}ièh|n`t y q`tidi`+eh|tc ce se escz` qnhe` d`kqc}i}iz`. hddcmc| h esczhtè|cht dè esczht ecdctimhmct xsc th}itjhdc| y esczht `q`|+}seimhmct xsc hq|`zcdfh|%

Ct}c }|hlho` ce |cm e` t`n` qc|ki}c cn hddct` h escz`t |cds|+t`t tie` }hkliée l}cec| se khy`| |cemikice}` mc n`t |cds|t`tq|`qi`t. |cmsdi| d`t}ct ce nh ied`|q`|hdiôe mc esczht }cde`n`+gëht. d`kqh|}i| cn |ictg` ce nht iezc|tièct.…ce mcjiei}izh. ncqc|ki}c hkqnih| y kco`|h| ts dhqhdimhm mc hd}shdiôe%

Ce tcgsem` nsgh|. seh dètcdscedih ikq`|}he}c mcn ctjsc|+` q`| }|hlhoh| ce |cm ct nh dhe}imhm y dhnimhm mc n`thd}`+|ct y dè}hd}`t% Ti hehnihk`t esct}|` ce}`|e` e` ct mijëdinimce}ijidh| hxscnn`t hd}`|ct ` iet}i}sdièct xsc ct}èe mcth+||`nnhem` }h|cht ie}c|cthe}ct. dè kc}`m`n`gëht mijc|ce}ct.cvqn`|hem` escz`t tit}ckht `|gheih}iz`t ` è|cht mc dè`+dikice}`% Ct}`t hd}`|ct ct}èe hzhehem` q`| dhkie`t xscqscmce |ctsn}h| kèt ` kce`t ie}c|cthe}ct qh|h esct}|h hd}i+zimhm ce q|iediqi`. qc|` mcn dè}hd}` dè cnn`t y cn dè`di+kice}` mc ts hd}izimhm. cn |cdè`dikice}` mc ts cvit}cedih.qscmce ts|gi| `q`|}seimhmct y q|`ycd}`t iectqc|hm`t%

Ct`t dè}hd}`t gcec|he se cjcd}` ksn}iqnidhm`| qsct}` xsc

e`t qèce ce dè}hd}` h ts zc dè escz`t hd}`|ct y esc+z`t kc|dhm`t. mc `}|` k`m` iehddctilnct ksdfht zcdct. mckhec|h xsc zhk`t hmxsi|icem` seh dce}|hnimhm y se q`mc|mc iejnscedih ce n`t q|`dct`t mc mcth||`nn` t`di`cdèôkid`tmcn }c||i}`|i` xsc mc `}|` k`m` tc|ëh ksy d`kqnidhm` hndhe+h|% Ct}h q`tidiôe ct}|h}égidh tsqèc se hd}iz` xsc nhtHgcediht mclce hmxsi|i| y xsc nct qc|ki}c zhn`|ih| tsqhqcn y `q}h| h se nimc|hg` ce dshe}`t q|`dct`t y q|`+ ycd}`t tc q|ctce}ce%

Ct}h dce}|hnimhm tc lhth ce n`t dè}hd}`t. nh iej`|khdiôe y cn dè`dikice}` mc n` xsc tsdcmc h esct}|` hn|cmcm`|.mc khec|h xsc qc|ki}c j`kce}h| y gct}ièh| |cmct. qh|}i+diqh| y mcdimi|. d``qc|h| y hzheh| ce n`t q|`dct`t mcmcth||`nn`%

Ecdctimhm mc se escz` k`mcn` mcgct}iôe qÿlnidh ce |cm

Seh zc ctl`hmht hngseht dh|hd}c|ët}idht mc nht |cmct. yt`l|c }`m` n`t lcecjidi`t xsc tsqèc cn ctjsc|` mc gct}i`+eh| |cmct e`t qh|cdc ikq`|}he}c |cjc|i|e`t hn k`mcn` qÿlni+

d` mc }|hlho` ce |cm xsc q|czhncdc d`k` dè}|ht}c dè n`xsc q|ctce}hk`t ce ct}`t qhqcnct mc }|hlho`%



8=

Dshem` fhlnèlhk`t hn d`kice` mc nht |cmct mc dh|èd}c|

qÿlnid` kcedièèlhk`t seht dh|hd}c|ët}idht q|`qiht xscnht mcjiece d`k` tè cn hn}` g|hm` mc j`|khnimhm y oc|h|+xsihdiôe% Nht Iet}i}sdièct mcth||`nnhe se k`mcn` mc d`nh+l`|hdiôe ce}|c cnnht xsc ct}è kh|dhm` q`| nh mcqcemcedih y nh jhn}h mc hs}è`këh. hmckèt mc nh ls|`d|hdih y nh d`k+qncoimhm hmkieit}|h}izh%

D`k` cockqn`. n`t g`lic|e`t n`dhnct mcqcemce mc nht mcdi+tièct mc `}|`t eizcnct mc g`lic|e` dè kce`| iej`|khdiôemi|cd}h qc|` khy`|ct |cds|t`t. n` xsc nnczh h se tit}ckh mcd``qc|hdiôe ce}|c eizcnct mc g`lic|e` kh|dhm` q`| nht tsl+zcedièct jiehnit}ht. xsc n`t g`lic|e`t n`dhnct t`nidi}he h}c+eiéem`tc h n`t |cxsiti}`t mcn g`lic|e` xsc nht dèz`dh&Dce}|hn. D`kseimhmct Hs}ôe`kht. Miqs}hdièct)% Mc ct}hkhec|h. cn jnso` mc ieg|ct`t ce tce}im` zc|}idhn tc dh|hd}c|i+h q`| tc| mitdè}ies` ce cn }ickq`. mc dh|èd}c| mitd|cdi`+ehn y dèmidièhm` h n`t `loc}iz`t y q|i`|imhmct mc eizcnctmc g`lic|e` tsqc|i`|ct. y xsc e` dìedimce ksdfht zcdctdè nht kseidiqhnct%

Tc ct}hlncdc se tit}ckh mc jiehedihdiôe kseidiqhn t`kc+}im` h nh oc|h|xsëh mc `}|ht iet}i}sdièct. d`|}`qnhdit}h yxsc e` qc|ki}c gh|he}ih| nh dè}iesimhm y |cgsnh|imhmmc nh q|ct}hdiôe mc n`t tc|zidi`t tslzcedièhm`t. iedi+micem` mc j`|kh ecgh}izh ce nh tsjidicedih jiehedic|h mc

nht ce}imhmct n`dhnct y ce ts q`}ct}hm mc qnheijidhdiôect}|h}égidh y mcditiôe%

Nh tsjidicedih jiehedic|h mc nht ce}imhmct n`dhnct cekh|dhnht q`tilinimhmct |chnct mc nh hs}è`këh n`dhn. qsct tiekcmi`t cdèôkid`t tsjidice}ct. cn q|iediqi` mc hs}è`këhn`dhn e` qhth mc tc| seh kc|h mcdnh|hdiôe j`|khn%

Q`| n` }he}`. tc q|`msdc nh ikq`+tilinimhm mc seh qh|}idiqhdiôecjcd}izh ce dshe}` h mitcø`.`loc}iz`t ` qnheijidhdiôe%

Ct}ht dh|hd}c|ët}idht mcn k`mcn`qÿlnid` }|hmidièhn tc mcksct+}|he iecjidice}ct qh|h hl`|mh|se q|`dct` mc miehkihdiôe cied|ckce}` mc d`kqc}i}izimhmd`k` cn xsc tc qnhe}ch }he}` heizcn n`dhn d`k` gn`lhn%

Q`| `}|h qh|}c. nht Iet}i}sdièctqÿlnidht }|htnhmhe kèt hnnè mcntit}ckh ie}c|iet}i}sdièhn tsk`mcn` mc hd}shdiôe mc khec|h

xsc tst |cnhdièct dè `}|`thd}`|ct ct}èe kh|dhmht ceksdfht `dhtièct q`| cn tsl+zcedièitk` y nh jhn}h mc qh|}i+

diqhdiôe hd}izh mc n`t hd}`|ct ce n`t q|`dct`t mc mcditiôe y

mcjieidiôe. d`k` q`mck`t zc| |cjncohm` ce cn g|èjid`tigsice}c mèmc tc hq|cdih xsc kice}|ht xsc nht hddièctmcth||`nnhmht q`| nh hmkieit}|hdiôe }icece se ikqhd}` mi|cd+}` ce n`t lcecjidih|i`t. cn jnso` iezc|t` tc cedsce}|h `lt}h+dsnihm` q`| cnckce}`t iefc|ce}ct h nht Iet}i}sdièct d`k`nh ls|`d|hdih ` n`t q|`dcmikice}`t hmkieit}|h}iz`t%

Cn k`mcn` mc }|hlho` ce |cm mcth||`nnhm` h eizcn qÿlnid` ctse k`mcn` ct}è}id`. mc gcec|hdiôe mc |cm kcmihe}c q|`ycd+}`t. qc|` ce cn xsc n` ikq`|}he}c e` tè n`t q|`ycd}`t tie`nh Hmkieit}|hdiôe d`||ctqèmice}c y nh jiehedihdiôe% Mc ct}hkhec|h. q`| se nhm`. ce}|c n`t q|`ycd}`t ikqsnthm`t q|c+m`kiehe n`t mc ie}c|ét qh|h nh Hmkieit}|hdiôe. hmckèt. tc|ct}|iegc nh qh|}idiqhdiôe ce dshe}` h mitcø`. `loc}iz`t yqnheijidhdiôe. dè n` xsc e` cvit}ce jnso`t limi|cddièhnctxsc j`kce}ce se ie}c|dhkli` |chnkce}c iee`zhm`| y sehmieèkidh mc hq|cemihoc%

Cn cjcd}` ct seh mcqcemcedih y jhn}h mc hs}è`këh xscikqimc seh hs}ée}idh |cnhdiôe mc d``qc|hdiôe c ie}c|mc+qcemcedih y mèmc nh hddctilinimhm. dèjiheh y cjidice+dih tc zce |ctce}imht%

Ct ecdcth|i` mctdce}|hnih| n`t ie}c|ctct. cnikieh| nht lh||c+|ht hmkieit}|h}izht y q`në}idht qh|h qc|ki}i| se zc|mhmc|`

q|`dct` mc d`nhl`|hdiôe. xsc `}`|gsc h nht |cnhdièct sedh|èd}c| kèt qc|}iece}c. dè khy`| iekcmih}c y q|`viki+mhm. khy`| }|hetqh|cedih y tikqnijidhdiôe. khy`| dhnimhm yhq`|}hdiôe mc }`m`t%

Iet}i}sdiôeQÿlnidh

Ls|`d|hdih

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Lcecjidih|i`tHd}`|ct

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QnheijidhdiôeJsce}c? Cnhl`|hdiôe q|`qih



83

Hsexsc tch mc khec|h e` qnheijidhmh ei dè se dh|èd}c|

mckhtihm` ct}|h}égid` yh ct}hk`t jsedièhem` ce |cm. qsct+}` xsc d|chk`t |cmct mc d`nhl`|hdiôe. qèck`t ce dè}hd}`hd}`|ct dnhzc mcn }c||i}`|i` ce cn xsc `qc|hk`t y qnhe}chk`timcht y q|`ycd}`t mctmc esct}|h imch mc n` xsc ct ecdcth|i`qh|h gcec|h| licect}h| y |ixsch% Nh dnhzc ct}è ce fhdc| n`kitk` qc|` dè se dh|èd}c| kèt ct}|h}égid`. }coicem` mckhec|h q|ckcmi}hmh nh khnnh mc k`m` xsc hmxsi|hk`t seq`tidiôe jsc|}c c iejnsyce}c ce nh mieèkidh mc mcth||`nn`%

Esct}|h kitiôe ct q|`k`zc| cn mcth||`nn` t`di`cdèôkid` ceesct}|` èkli}` mc hd}shdiôe. y qh|h nnczh|nh h dhl` ecdcti}h+k`t |cjncvièh| t`l|c dsèn ct cn kco`| k`m` mc fhdc|n` y dèxsiée. ecdcti}hk`t qceth| ce dnhzc ct}|h}égidh y h|}idsnh| q|`+dct`t mc gcec|hdiôe y k`zinihdiôe mcn dhqi}hn t`dihn mc esct+}|` ce}`|e` mc k`m` xsc tc j`kce}c seh iee`zhdiôe ikq|ct+diemilnc qh|h gcec|h| lcecjidi` y q|`g|ct` ce dnhzc n`dhn%

Nht khed`kseimhmct. n`t dèt`|di`t y hgcediht d`kh|dhncttc cekh|dhe ce se }|hlho` ce |cm% Nh d`kh|dhnihdiôed`k` ct}|h}cgih ied`|q`|h ksdf`t mc n`t cnckce}`t y nh jin`+t`jëh mcn }|hlho` ce |cm mc khec|h xsc e`t qh|cdc `q`|}s+e` kcedièh|nh d`k` cnckce}` h }cec| ce dsce}h y t`l|cdsy` mcth||`nn` q`mck`t }|hlhoh| lho` ct}c q|itkh%

Nh d|chdiôe mc hg|sqhdièct tsq|hkseidiqhnct e` |ctqèmc

tikqnckce}c h se d|i}c|i` mc mit}|ilsdiôe mcn }c||i}`|i` tie` hseh ct}|h}cgih mc mcth||`nn` cdèôkid` cxsinil|hm`. mèmctc nnczce h dhl` ieidih}izht y q|`ycd}`t d`ksect. seh mit}|i+lsdiôe mc cxsiqhkice}`t c iej|hct}|sd}s|ht y nh gct}iôe mctc|zidi`t tsq|hkseidiqhnct%

Nh d`kh|dhnihdiôe d`k` k`mcn` tc cedsce}|h ksy mcth+||`nnhmh ce Dh}hnsøh. xsc ct}hlncdc xsc ts }c||i}`|i` ct cn mcnht d`kh|dht. ct}|sd}s|èem`n` ce kseidiqi`t y d`kh|dht mckhec|h xsc e`t cedè}|hk`t dè ce}imhmct mc q|`k`diôecdèôkidh qh|h d`kh|dht y è|cht kc}|`q`ni}heht. ce secockqn` mc d``|miehdiôe y d``qc|hdiôe ce}|c kseidiqi`t celstdh mc se `loc}iz` d`kÿe% Tc lstdhe qse}`t mc cedsce+}|` y tc h|}idsnhe q|`dct`t mc mcth||`nn` d`ksect. |ctqc}he+m` nht dh|hd}c|ët}idht qh|}idsnh|ct y dè seh qh|}idiqhdiôehd}izh ce cn mitcø` y cocdsdiôe mc nht hddièct%

Ct}c k`mcn` qc|ki}c hndheh| nh mikcetiôe ecdcth|ih qh|hksdf`t q|`ycd}`t y q|ct}hdièct mc tc|zidi`t. hn kitk`}ickq` xsc tc dèt}i}syc ce seh seimhm `qc|h}izh mc qnh+echkice}` mc dh|h h nh `|mcehdiôe mcn }c||i}`|i`%

Q|`k`diôe mc |cmct n`dhnct

Ms|he}c ct}`t ÿn}ik`t hø`t fck`t imce}ijidhm` cn mcth||`nn`n`dhn d`k` cn èkli}` }c||i}`|ihn ce cn xsc tc dèosghe se

dèose}` mc |cds|t`t lhthm`t ce seh ct}|sd}s|h q|`msd}izh

mijc|cedihmh. se kc|dhm` mc }|hlho` q|`qi`. seh dhqhdi+mhm ckq|cth|ihn tiegsnh|. se`t |cds|t`t eh}s|hnct. ct}|sd}s+|h t`dihn y q`në}idh ce lhtc h nht dshnct q`m|ëh h|}idsnh|tc cnd|cdikice}` cdèôkid` n`dhn%

Nh d`kqc}i}izimhm ce dnhzc dismhm. khed`kseimhm ` d`kh|+dh tcgÿe nh qc|tqcd}izh cs|`qch mc `|mcehdiôe }c||i}`|ihn.qhth q`| zitshnih| nh dismhm d`k` cnckce}` ksn}iqnidhm`|mc nh mcetimhm mc |cnhdièct ce}|c hgce}ct cdèôkid`t q|`+jctièhnct. dsn}s|hnct. cmsdh}iz`t c iezct}ighm`|ct. ct mcdi|nh ie}cetijidhdiôe mc tiec|giht%

Nh |chnimhm t`di`cdèôkidh n`dhn ct}è ie}cg|hmh q`| sehkqnih mizc|timhm mc hgce}ct c iet}i}sdièct xsc `qc|he cectc èkli}` }c||i}`|ihn% Seh mc nht q|ikc|ht `|ice}hdièctqh|h q|`k`zc| y gct}ièh| |cmct qhth|ëh q`| nh imce}ijidh+diôe mc n`t q`}cedihnct qh|}ec|t%

Ecdcti}hk`t hehnih| y hehnih|e`t% Ct ikq|ctdiemilnc dè`+dc| esct}|ht j`|}hncht y mclinimhmct qc|` }hkliée dè`dc|dsènct tè n`t hd}`|ct dnhzc mcn }c||i}`|i` y xsé fhdce. dsèncttè n`t tcd}`|ct iee`zhm`|ct. môemc ct}èe slidhm`t. nhtckq|ctht mc |cjc|cedih. dsènct tè tst ecdctimhmct.… ce mcji+ei}izh. fhdc|e`t seh d`kq`tidiôe mc nsgh| xsc e`t qc|ki}h zc|xsé q`tilinimhmct tc e`t q|ctce}he y xsc dhqhdimhmct }cec+

k`t qh|h hq|`zcdfh|nht% D`k` mcdëhk`t he}ct. q`tilnckce}cnht Hgcediht e` mitqèce mc se dè`dikice}` ÿeid` qc|` tëxsc dè cn }ickq` fhe gcec|hm` se be`w f`w q|`qi` xscqscmc gcec|h| |cemikice}`t y |ce}hlinimhmct ` }|hetjc|i|tcie}c|ehkce}c mc khec|h xsc tc `l}ceghe lcecjidi`t ce dshe+}` h jiehedihdiôe q|`qih ` q|ct}hdiôe mc escz`t tc|zidi`t%

Ie}c|hd}sh| y }coc| |cnhdièct tsqèc hdcq}h| nh iedc|}imskl|c y nht q|`qiht niki}hdièct. qc|` dè seh esczh hd}i}sm. nh mchmhq}h|tc y d`kqc}i|. ce zc mc ct}hedh|tc y |ctigeh|tc% Cn }|h+lho` ce |cm ikqnidh seh esczh mieèkidh mc hd}shdiôe. ct}|h+}égidh y jncvilnc h nh zc. xsc qc|ki}c seh zitiôe kèt hkqnihc ie}cg|hn mcn }c||i}`|i` y nht esczht ecdctimhmct. n` xsc tc }|h+msdc ce seh `jc|}h mc tc|zidi`t iee`zhm`|h y d`kqc}i}izh%

N`t |cds|t`t tc `l}icece g|hdiht hn hq|cemihoc. nh |cm ct nhfc||hkice}h qh|h cnn`. qc|` ct ecdcth|i` xsc|c| hq|cemc|%Cn hq|cemihoc }icec m`t zh|ihe}ct? hq|cemck`t mc `}|`t ydè `}|`t. mc k`m` xsc q`| se nhm` fhdck`t se q`d` mclcedfkh|bieg y hq|cemck`t esczht }édeidht. hk`nmhk`tk`mcn`t. qc|` q`| `}|`. }hkliée hq|cemck`t h d``qc|h|. hecg`dih|. h tskh|% Qc|` ct ikq`|}he}c |cj`|h| nh imch mcxsc t`n` hq|cemc hxscn xsc xsic|c hq|cemc|. nh kce}hnimhm y nh mitq`tidiôe tè jsemhkce}hnct%

Ecdcti}hk`t thlc| xsé fhdce y dè}hd}h| ctqcdihnkce}cdè n`t dce}|`t mc iee`zhdiôe y dè`dikice}` d`k` qscmcetc| nht Seizc|timhmct y n`t Dce}|`t mc Iezct}ighdiôe y ]cd+e`nôgid`t. }he}` qÿlnid`t d`k` q|izhm`t% Ct ce cnn`t mèmc

= \cmct ie}c|eht



8:

tc gct}he hxscnn`t |cds|t`t y q|`msd}`t dnhzc xsc |cdnhkh

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Htikitk` tc mclc |chnih| se ctjsc|` ce khe}cec| |cnhdièctdè khy`| ` kce`| g|hm` mc j`|khnimhm dè nhtckq|ctht mcesct}|` ce}`|e`. y ctqcdihnkce}c dè nht kèt iee`zhm`|ht%Mclck`t hq|`zcdfh| esct}|h dc|dheëh y cvqc|icedih. mck`m` xsc e`t qc|ki}h dè}h| dè iej`|khdiôe mc q|ikc|hkhe` hdc|dh mc tst iexsic}smct y ecdctimhmct% Ct ecdcth|i`khe}cec| seh dè}iesh hd}shnihdiôe y tcgsikice}` mcn dè+}cv}` cdèôkid`+ckq|cth|ihn xsc e`t qc|ki}h hmcdsh| esct}|htdhqhdimhmct y hmhq}h|e`t h n` xsc e`t mckhemc%

Kcedièhk`t ce cn qè||hj` he}c|i`| cn }é|kie`dc|dheëh q`|xscnh q|`vikimhm ct se jhd}`| xsc nht Hgcediht mclce ckqnch| mckhec|h ie}cnigce}c qh|h d`kqc}i| dè hd}`|ct kèt q }ce}ct y

mc khy`| hndhedc% Nh q|`vikimhm qc|ki}c gcec|h| dèjiheh.se jhd}`| xsc tc |czcnh jsemhkce}hn ce se k`mcn` mc }|hlho`kèt f`|iè}hn xsc zc|}idhn y ce cn xsc nht |cnhdièct iej`|kh+nct tè nht }|hetkit`|ht mc iej`|khdiôe y dè`dikice} %

Q`| ÿn}ik`. ti j`kce}hk`t cn }|hlho` ce |cm y hm`q}hk`t seqhqcn dce}|hn y mc nimc|hg` mclck`tkhe}cec| y miehkih|

ctc dègn`kc|hm` mc |cnhdièct. |chnih| se tcgsikice}` y

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°Dôk` q`mck`t zitshnih| esct}|` k`m` mc }|hlhoh| ce |cm0%

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8 Ie}|`msddiôe

89

}hkhø`t ` d`n`|ct. xsc e`t qc|ki}i|è |cjncoh| kèt iej`|khdiôe

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Cn nimc|hg`. ce q|ikc| nsgh|. fh tim` zit}` }|hmidièhnkce}cd`k` seh q`tidiôe% Cn nëmc|. mc j`|kh tikqnijidhmh. ct cn xsc`dsqh cn zé|}idc `|gheih}iz`. cn xsc }icec cn mctqhdf` cenh ÿn}ikh qnhe}h% Kèt |cdice}ckce}c cn gc|cedihnitk` fhhq`t}hm` q`| n` xsc hngse`t fhe nnhkhm` cn nimc|hg`fc|ôid`% Cn nëmc|. hf`|h. ct seh ctqcdic mc nnhec|` t`ni}h|i`dhqh mc thnzh|e`t. hngsice xsc mitqèc mc nht t`nsdièct y xsc. q`| n` }he}`. |ctdh}h nh `|gheihdiôe mc tst zidi`t ymcjidicediht% Hkl`t nimc|hg`t tc ziedsnhe h seh zitiôe cenh xsc dhmh se` —q`| q`tidiôe ` q`| dhqhdimhm+ tc `dsqhmc tst d`tht%

Ct}`t nimc|hg`t ln`xsche nht |cmct. yh xsc eicghe ts ctce+dih% Eicghe cn mièn`g` y nh ie}c|hddiôe. h|gskce}hem` xscdhmh dsèn }icec ts q`tidiôe ` xsc yh mitqèck`t mc xsiéethlc xsc mcditièct }`kh|% Nht |cmct |cdnhkhe se nimc|hg`coc|dim` q`| hngsice xsc. ce q|ikc| nsgh|. |cdè`dh xsc e`n` thlc }`m` y xsc. ce tcgsem` nsgh|. }cegh dhqhdimhm qh|h

hd}izh| |cnhdièct y ctqhdi`t mc cedsce}|`% Cn nëmc| |cnhdièhnqh|cdc mélin. yh xsc }icec xsc ctdsdfh|. tc| qhdice}c. mcmi+dh| }ickq` y k`t}|h|tc q|cmitqsct}` h hdcq}h| nht tsgc|cedihtmc n`t `}|`t2 qc|` qscmc tc| ksy iejnsyce}c% E` tc cedsce}|hh||ilh. qc|` ct}è ce cn kcmi`% E` midc n` xsc tc }icec xscfhdc|. qc|` h|}idsnh c ikqsnth n`t q|`dct`t qh|h }`kh| ct}htmcditièct% E` ct se nëmc| cocds}`|. qc|` oscgh se qhqcn ctce+dihn ce nh ie}c|kcmihdiôe y nh q|`k`diôe%

Cn nimc|hg` |cnhdièhn e` tc lhth ce cn qnhe mc }|hlho` tie`ce hng` xsc. ce se ce}`|e` d`kqnco`. ct ksdf` kèt ikq`|+}he}c? cn q|`ycd}`% Cn q|`ycd}` hd}ÿh d`k` d`|hôe y d`k`dcncl|` mc nht |cmct% Ct cn d`|hôe q`|xsc tc }|h}h mcn f`|i+è}c xsc e`t ksczc h nh hddiôe. kice}|ht xsc ct cn dcncl|`ce }he}` xsc e`t milsoh se ctdceh|i` xsc mh d`fc|cedih hn`t mizc|t`t cnckce}`t xsc ce n`t ieidi`t hqh|cdce d`k` mit+qc|t`t y mctdècd}hm`t% Ct ct}h dèmidiôe mc d`|hôe y mcdhlch nh xsc mcjiec n`t |htg`t mcn nimc|hg` |cnhdièhn. senimc|hg` xsc tc dèt}|syc mctmc nh tcmsddiôe. nh heikh+diôe y cn mièn`g`%

Ce nh ni}c|h}s|h t`l|c cn g`lic|e` y nh gct}iôe |cnhdièhn tc}icemc h mct}hdh| m`t htqcd}`t xsc mijëdinkce}c q`m|èe dè+t`nimh|tc tie se q|`dct` qh|hncn` mc }|hetj`|khdiôe ce nhthd}i}smct y n`t d`kq`|}hkice}`t mc n`t mi|cd}iz`t n`dhnct% Q`|

se nhm`. qh|cdc ikq|ctdiemilnc se dhkli` ct}|sd}s|hn xsce`t }|htnhmh mc se k`mcn` mèmc nht mcditièct nht }`kh sedce}|` m`}hm` mc hs}`|imhm h `}|` mèmc nh j|hgkce}hdiôe ycn qns|hnitk` dèzic|}ce nh }`kh mc mcditièct ce se coc|di+

di` mc iejnscediht y |cnhdièct% Q`| }|` nhm`. nh esczh mikce+

tiôe |cnhdièhn fh mc mcth||`nnh|tc ce se ce}`|e` mc ie}c|hd+diôe y mc d``qc|hdiôe y. ce dètcdscedih. |cxsic|c mc se`tmi|cd}iz`t dhqhdct e` tôn` mc |cnhdièh|tc tie` }hkliée mctcmsdi| c iez`nsd|h| hn dèose}` mc nh d`kseimhm%

Hn }|h}h| t`l|c |`nct mi|cd}iz`t. hngse`t hs}`|ct e`t q|`q`+ece mit}iegsi| h n`t nëmc|ct h qh|}i| mc m`t zh|ihlnct? cnqhqcn xsc oscghe |ctqcd}` h nh d`kseimhm &q|`hd}iz` `|chd}iz`) y nh j`|kh y nh jiehnimhm ce cn coc|didi` mcn q`mc|&cn q`mc| t`l|c y cn q`mc| qh|h)% D`kliehem` ct}ht zh|ih+lnct &jigs|h 8) hqh|cdce = }iq`t imchnct mc nëmc|ct n`dhnct?n`t jhdini}hm`|ct. n`t zitièh|i`t. n`t htit}ce}ct y n`t gc|ce+}ct% D`k` yh qscmc ie}si|tc. n`t m`t q|ikc|`t tc ksczce cecn èkli}` mc nh gct}iôe |cnhdièhn. kice}|ht xsc n`t m`t ÿn}i+k`t tc cedsce}|he ce nh ctjc|h mc nh hmkieit}|hdiôe }|hmi+dièhn% N`t htit}ce}ct y n`t gc|ce}ct tc dce}|he ce cn }|hlh+o` &cocds}`|ct) y tc mijc|cedihe q`| cn }iq` mc |cnhdiôe xscct}hlncdce dè nh d`kseimhm. kice}|ht xsc n`t jhdini}hm`|ct y n`t zitièh|i`t tc htckcohe ce ts z`dhdiôe ckq|cemcm`+|h &ct}|h}égid`t) y tc mit}iegsce q`| mcth||`nnh| ct}h z`dh+diôe mctmc h||ilh ` mctmc hlho`%

Q`mc| qh|h

Jhdini}hm |ct Ziti eh|i`t&ckq|cemcm`|ct mctmc hlho`) &ckq|cemcm`|ct mctmc h||ilh)

\chd}iz`t Q|`hd}iz`t

Htit}ce}ct Gc|ce}ct&Htit}cedihnct ) &Cocds}iz t)

Q`mc| t`l|c

Dèjiheh

Hji|kèlhk`t he}c|i`|kce}c xsc nht |cmct e` qscmce gct+}ièh|tc th}itjhd}`|ihkce}c s}inihem` n`t dèdcq}`t `|ghei+

h}iz`t }|hmidièhnct% E` tc }|h}h tikqnckce}c mc seh d|ë}i+dh h n`t k`mcn`t hmkieit}|h}iz`t }|hmidièhnct. tie` mcfhdc| zc| xsc ct}`t c|he ÿ}inct qh|h th}itjhdc| se`t `loc}iz`ttikqnct y niechnct. kice}|ht xsc fhe mc }|hetj`|kh|tc dshe+

Jigs|h 8% ]iq`n`gëh mc q`në}id`t n`dhnct



<6

m` tc q|c}cemc mh| |ctqsct}ht kèt d`kqncoht y ksn}imikce+

tièhnct% Ce ct}c tce}im`. mct}hdhk`t m`t htqcd}`t dnhzctqh|h hmhq}h| nht j`|kht mc }|hlhoh| h nh esczh |chnimhm?

• Ce q|ikc| nsgh|. nht ct}|sd}s|ht oc|è|xsidht }|hmidièhncttc h|}idsnhe h }|hzét mc n`t q|iediqi`t mc nh hs}`|imhm &zc|+}idhn) y nh ctqcdihnihdiôe &f`|iè}hn)2 kice}|ht xsc nhtct}|sd}s|ht |c}idsnh|ct —ce |cm+ cedsce}|he ts dikice}ìe}c|e` ce nh dèjiheh xsc tchk`t dhqhdct mc gcec|h|ce}|c nht qh|}ct mc seh |cm%

• Ce tcgsem` nsgh|. nht `|gheihdièct }|hmidièhnct|cxsic|ce mc seh mi|cddiôe xsc mit}|ilsyh }h|cht &f`|i+è}hnct) y |ctqèthlinimhmct &zc|}idhnct)2 kice}|ht xscnht `|gheihdièct ce |cm |cdnhkhe jsedièct mc kcmih+diôe ce}|c nht qh|}ct%

Htë qsct. qh|h zhn`|h| cn jsedièhkice}` mc nh d`kqncoimhme`t q|`qèck`t jioh|e`t ce se`t }é|kie`t —nh dèjiheh ynh kcmihdiôe+ xsc e` tè ksy fhli}shnct qc|` xsc. d|cc+k`t. mclck`t ecdcth|ihkce}c ied`|q`|h| ce q`në}idht y`|gheihdièct }he d`kqncoht d`k` nht xsc ce ct}c k`kce+}` }ceck`t ce}|c khe`t%

Hji|kh| xsc cn évi}` mc }|hlhoh| ce |cm qscmh ct}h| |cnhdi`+ehm` dè nh dèjiheh xsc ikq|cgec ce khy`| ` kce`|kcmimh nht |cnhdièct ce}|c n`t kÿn}iqnct qh|}idiqhe}ctqscmc |ctsn}h| ie}si}izhkce}c dnh|`% Tie cklh|g`. czhnsh|ct}h dèjiheh y zhn`|h| ts cz`nsdiôe h n` nh|g` mcn q|`ycd+}` ct seh }h|ch cv}|ckhmhkce}c mijëdin% E` ct tôn` xsc e`tcqhk`t d`k` kcmi| nh dèjiheh. tie` xsc. kèt g|hzchÿe. e` thlck`t ei tixsic|h xsé ct n` xsc cvhd}hkce}c tig+eijidh ct}h qhnhl|h%

Qh|h hzheh| t`l|c ct}ht mijidsn}hmct e`t q|`qèck`t s}ini+h| seh hq|`vikhdiôe `qc|h}izh h nh dèjiheh2 seh hq|`+vikhdiôe xsc tie q|c}cemc| ce}|h| ce cn mclh}c tst}he}iz`

t`l|c cn tigeijidhm` mcn }é|kie` e`t qc|ki}h. ce dhkli`. s}i+nih|n` d`k` seh fc||hkice}h mc }|hlho` ce nh gct}iôe y nhczhnshdiôe mc q|`ycd}`t d`kqnco`t% Lsdchem` ce nh ni}c|h+}s|h e`t fck`t cedè}|hm` dè seh nëech mc }|hlho` xsc

hji|kh xsc nh dèjiheh qscmc tc| se `loc}` mc gct}iôe y

xsc. q`| n` }he}`. qscmc tc| gcec|hmh y ct}iksnhmh qh|hjhz`|cdc| cn kco`| jsedièhkice}` mc `|gheihdièct cej`|kh mc |cm% Dèd|c}hkce}c. q`mck`t `ltc|zh| nh kh}c+|ihnihdiôe mcn }é|kie` h qh|}i| mc mit}iegsi| n`t 4 k`kce}`tmc nh dèjiheh?

• Cn k`kce}` ieidihn% Mctmc cn qse}` mc zit}h mc nh gct}iôee` q`mck`t tsqèc| xsc nh dèjiheh ct hng` xsc iezh+mc ` e` cn d`|hôe mc esct}|ht `|gheihdièct% Nh dè+jiheh fh mc gcec|h|tc. y qh|h cnn` e` e`t ti|zce n`t lsc+e`t mctc`t tie` n`t dèndsn`t% Ct mcdi|. nh dèjiheh ce}|chd}`|ct mizc|t`t tôn` tc qscmc ieidih| dshem` ét}`t |cd`+e`dce seh hq|`qihmh |cnhdiôe ce}|c n`t d`t}ct y n`t lcec+jidi`t mc ts mcmidhdiôe y ts qh|}idiqhdiôe ce nh |cm%

• Cn k`kce}` mcn mcth||`nn`% Seh zc cn dèndsn` e`t ie}|`ms+dc ce seh |cnhdiôe. ce}èdct nh dèjiheh tc mcth||`nnh|è hkcmimh xsc dè`dhk`t y d`kq|cemhk`t h n`t `}|`t% Nhdèjiheh cz`nsdièh qsct d`k` se q|`dct` mc |cdè`di+kice}` ks}s` tie cn dsèn e` ct q`tilnc }|hlhoh| ose}`t%

• Cn k`kce}` mc nh dèt`nimhdiôe% Jiehnkce}c. nh dèjihehhndheh|è ts kc}h. ts dèt`nimhdiôe. dshem` e` ÿeidhkce+}c d`kq|cemhk`t hn `}|` tie` xsc }hkliée e`t imce}ijixsc+k`t dè én% Ct}h imce}ijidhdiôe tc qscmc cvq|cth| ce }é|ki+

e`t mc d`kqh}ilinimhm ct}|h}égidh &dshem` d`kqh|}ik`t n`tkitk`t `loc}iz`t) ` mc d`kqh}ilinimhm dsn}s|hn &dshem`k`t}|hk`t ct}in`t y fèli}`t mc }|hlho` d`kqh|}im`t)%

Hs}`|imhm yctqcdihnihdiôe

Mi|cddiôe Kcmihdiôe

Hs}`|imhm yctqcdihnihdiôe



8

<9

L|czc mctd|iqdiôe

C_HGS]_H GSECH ct se j`|` qh|h nh j`|khdiôe y gct}iôemcn dè`dikice}` mc nh d`kh|dh mcn S|`nh Kcmi`% Tc }|h}hmc seh qnh}hj`|kh mc d`nhl`|hdiôe ce |cm ce}|c ckq|ctht.dce}|`t mc j`|khdiôe c iezct}ighdiôe c iet}i}sdièct qÿlnidhth }|hzét mc g|sq`t mc }|hlho` ctqcdëjid`t%

@|igce y `loc}iz` mc nh |cm

Cn j`|` }icec ts `|igce ce se qnhe}chkice}` |chnihm` mctmccn Iet}i}s}` mc J`|khdiôe Q|`jctièhn ce cn xsc tc |cjncohlhnh ecdctimhm mc ct}hlncdc| seh khy`| |cnhdiôe dè nhtckq|ctht mc nh d`kh|dh. q|`qèicem` d`k` t`nsdiôe hn |ct+qcd}` cn ckqnc` mc qc|tèhn }édeid` `dsqhm` ctqcdëjidh+kce}c ce hd}sh| mc cenhdc%

Mctmc I|hs|gi Nhe}ce tc fhlëh }|hlhohm` he}c|i`|kce}c cecn }ckh mc nh |cj`|kh mcn tit}ckh cmsdh}iz` mc nh d`kh|dh.dè n` xsc tc hq|`zcdfô qh|h mh|nc seh zscn}h hn qnhe}ch+kice}` ieidihn y hqse}h| nh ecdctimhm mc |cjncvièh| t`l|c

nht ecdctimhmct mc nht ckq|ctht mc khec|h xsc iedimicem`t`l|c cnnht tc lcecjidih|h cn }c||i}`|i`%

Tc qnhe}ch cn Mcth||`nn` N`dhn ce lhtc h }|ct htqcd}`t dnhzc?}c||i}`|i`. dè`dikice}` y |cmct% Cn }c||i}`|i` d`k` cn cnckce+}` mc cedsce}|` y ctqhdi` jëtid` y t`dihn d`kÿe &q|`lnckht.ecdctimhmct)% Cn dè`dikice}` d`k` cnckce}` ct}|h}égid` heizcn ckq|cth|ihn. mèmc tc fhdc ecdcth|i` ied`|q`|h| zhn`|høhmim` y cv}c|ehnih| hxscnnht qc|hdièct xsc e` gcec|hezhn`|% Mc khec|h xsc nh gct}iôe mc ctc zhn`| høhmim` qhthh se qnhe` ct}|h}égid`% Y q`| ÿn}ik` nht |cmct d`k` n`t ce}`|+e`t mèmc tc gcec|h ctc dè`dikice}`%

Mc ct}h khec|h. cn j`|` C_HGS]_H GSECH tc dèdilchtskicem` d`k` q|`qih nh kitiôe mc I|hs|gi Nhe}ce mc,d`nhl`|h| ce cn mcth||`nn` mcn S|`nh Kcmi` qh|h kco`|h| nhdhnimhm mc zimh mc tst fhli}he}ct, y ct}hlncdicem` d`k``loc}iz` gcec|hn mcn J`|` cn ,hskce}h| nh d`kqc}i}izimhm mcnht ckq|ctht y dce}|`t mc j`|khdiôe c iezct}ighdiôe kcmihe+}c seh gct}iôe cjidh mcn dè`dikice}` ce nh d`kh|dh,%

Ce mcjiei}izh. tc }|h}h mc th}itjhdc| nht ecdctimhmct mc dsh+nijidhdiôe mcn qc|tèhn mc nht ckq|ctht. mc dh|èd}c| q|iedi+qhnkce}c iemst}|ihn. mctmc nh qc|tqcd}izh mc nh gct}iôe ct}|h+}égidh mc n`t \\FF y mcn dhqi}hn fskhe`. qh|h hzheh|

fhdih nh iee`zhdiôe y gct}iôe mcn dè`dikice}` ce nhtckq|ctht y ce nh d`kh|dh ce gcec|hn. dè}hem` qh|h cnn`dè cn hq`y` mc nht iet}i}sdièct kseidiqhnct y tsq|hksei+

diqhnct. mc khec|h xsc tc iedimc ce cn jhd}`| dnhzc mcn mcth+

||`nn` t`di`dèôkid` mc nh d`kh|dh%

Ct}|sd}s|h y mcth||`nn` mc nh |cm

Tc ieidih|è n`t dè}hd}`t dè nht ckq|ctht mc khy`| mikce+tiôe mc nh d`kh|dh. h nh zc xsc tc d`kcehlh h cnhl`|h|cn mihgeôt}id` mc nh ti}shdiôe% Seh zc q|`msdimh nh hmfc+tiôe mc n`t kickl|`t y dèt}i}sim` j`|khnkce}c cn j`|`. tchl`|mô cn heènitit mc nht d`kqc}cediht mc n`t qc|jinct q|`+jctièhnct mc nh K@M ce n`t tcd}`|ct dnhzc mc nh d`kh|dh%

Cn j`|` tc dèt}i}syô ce osei` mc <11< kcmihe}c dh|}h mchmfctiôe j`|khn. ticem` tst q|`k`}`|ct n`t Hyse}hkice}`tmc Hbì}ih y Hqci}ih. nh Hgcedih mc Mcth||`nn` d`kh|dhnI|hs|gi Nhe}ce. tic}c ckq|ctht mcn S|`nh Kcmi` y }`m`t n`tdce}|`t ctd`nh|ct mc hkl`t kseidiqi`t%

Hn kitk` }ickq` tc dèt}i}syô se Dètco` Gct}`| j`|khm`q`| |cq|ctce}he}ct mc dhmh g|sq` mc hd}`|ct y q|ctimim`q`| se |cq|ctce}he}c mc nht ckq|ctht% Ct}c Dètco` Gct}`|tc d|cô mce}|` mc I|hs|gi Nhe}ce dè seh hs}è`këh mc gct+}iôe |cdè`dimh q`| cn Dètco` mc Hmkieit}|hdiôe mc nh

Hgcedih%

Ce dshe}` h ts ct}|sd}s|h `qc|h}izh C_HGS]_H GSECH tch|}idsnh q`| kcmi` mc }|ct è|cht ` g|sq`t mc }|hlho`?

• CEQ\CTH GSECH. dsy` `loc}iz` ct cn mc q`}cedih| nhd``qc|hdiôe mc nht ckq|ctht mc nh d`kh|dh%

• Q\CT]HBSE]_H GSECH. qh|h j`kce}h| nh d``qc|h+diôe ce}|c nht iet}i}sdièct d`kh|dhnct `|ice}hmht h nhj`|khdiôe

• y GH\HQCE GSECH? qh|h ikqsnth| |cjncviôe ct}|h}égidhce }`|e` h C_HGS]_H GSECH iez`nsd|hem` h n`t hgce+}ct dnhzc mc nh d`kh|dh y h `}|ht ce}imhmct |cnczhe}ct%

h) CEQ\CTH GSECH

Ct}c g|sq` mc }|hlho`. dèt}i}sim` jsemhkce}hnkce}c q`| n`t|ctqèthlnct mc |cds|t`t fskhe`t mc nht ckq|ctht qh|}idi+qhe}ct. lstdh dèzc|}i|tc ce seh qnh}hj`|kh mc hq`y` qh|hkco`|h| ts gct}iôe y j`kce}h| q|`ycd}`t h kcmi` y nh|g`qnh` xsc qc|ki}he kco`|h| nh dhqhdi}hdiôe mc n`t |cds|t`tfskhe`t mc nh d`kh|dh%

Nh lhtc mc nh xsc qh|}ce }`m`t n`t q|`ycd}`t ct nh mcjiei+diôe mc n`t qc|jinct mc d`kqc}cediht mc nh K@M ce n`t tcd+}`|ct dnhzc mc nh d`kh|dh% Hmckèt ieidihnkce}c }hkliée

Dht` q|èd}id`? Chgs}h Gsech I|hs|gi Nhe}ce T%H%



41

tc mcjiece nht q|i`|imhmct mc nht ckq|ctht. kcmihe}c dsct+

}ièh|i`t%

H qh|}i| mc hfë tc d`kiceh h }|hlhoh| ce cn mcth||`nn` y`q}ikihdiôe mc |cnhdièct mc d``qc|hdiôe ce}|c n`t hgce+}ct mcn tcd}`| ikqnidhm`t ce nh j`|khdiôe &Q|`ycd}` mc Dhqi+}hn T`dihn)%

Tc lstdh }hkliée d`kqh|}i| cvqc|icediht ce}|c nht ckq|ctht&|cseièct. ziti}ht h ckq|ctht. lsceht q|èd}idht). qh|h dè+tcgsi| `loc}iz`t q|èd}id`t y hd}shnih| dè`dikice}`t ce nhgct}iôe mc \\FF h }|hzét mc q|`ycd}`t d`ksect xsc høh+mhe |ixsch h nh èh%

Se htqcd}` ikq`|}he}c cedshm|hm` mce}|` mc CEQ\CTHGSECH ct nh dèt}i}sdiôe mc n`t Cedsce}|`t mc Gct}iôeheshnct. mct}iehm`t h n`t mi|cd}`|ct y gc|ce}ct mc nht ckq|c+tht. dè nh qh|}idiqhdiôe mc cvqc|}`t. xsc qc|ki}ce sehgcec|hdiôe mc |cnhdièct ce}|c hd}`|ct dnhzc mcn }c||i}`|i`%Hmckèt ti|zce qh|h cn q|`dct` mc |cjncviôe. lhtc mcn qnhe<113+17%

l) Q\CT]HBSE]_H GSECH

Ce ct}c è|ch mc }|hlho` lètidhkce}c tc }|hlhoh ce m`t tce+

}im`t? q`| se nhm`. tc }|h}h mc ct}|cdfh| y j`|}hncdc| nh |cnh+diôe ce}|c n`t dce}|`t j`|kh}iz`t y nht ckq|ctht mc nhd`kh|dh &Q|`g|hkh Cnbh|nhe). mc khec|h xsc }he}` hnske`td`k` `|ice}hm`|ct qscmhe dè`dc| nh hd}izimhm mc nhtckq|ctht c ie}cg|h|nh ce ts j`|khdiôe%

Q`| `}|h qh|}c. lstdh mcth||`nnh| nht d`kqc}cediht mcjieimhtmctmc CEQ\CTH GSECH. qh|h n` dshn tc fhdc ecdcth|iìkqnidh| h n`t dce}|`t cmsdh}iz`t mc k`m` xsc tc dètcetÿccn khqh mc j`|khdiôe. tc ikqsntc y d``|miec nh j`|khdiôedè}iesh y hn kitk` }ickq` tc j`|}hncdhe n`t didn`t j`|kh+}iz`t hd}shnct%

Qh|h xsc nht d`kqc}cediht mcjieimht qscmhe dèzc|}i|tc ceseh fc||hkice}h mc }|hlho` xsc qc|ki}h hmhq}h| nh j`|kh+diôe ce nh d`kh|dh tc fh ikqsnthm` nh d`nhl`|hdiôe ce}|cn`t mijc|ce}ct dce}|`t y hgce}ct mc j`|khdiôe q|`jctièhn&Hn}h|igie}h Jsemhi`h. S|`nh Ibht}`nh Hbì}ih. Hqci}ihIet}i}s}sh LFI)%

Hmckèt mc nh j`|khdiôe `|ice}hmh h nh iemst}|ih tc fhd`kcehm` h mcth||`nnh| se q|`ycd}` t`l|c j`|khdiôe mct+}iehmh h qc|tèht mcqcemice}ct. qh|h n` dshn tc d`nhl`|hdè mizc|tht `|gheihdièct &NBT Kh}ih. Htqhdc y n`t tc|+zidi`t t`dihnct mc n`t Hyse}hkice}`t mc Hbì}ih y Hqci}ih)%

d) GH\HQCE GSECH

Ce <114 tc dèt}i}syô ct}h è|ch. mèmc qh|}idiqhe n`t Hyse+}hkice}`t c I|hs|gi Nhe}ce. ct}hlncdicem` d`nhl`|hdièctdè nh Miqs}hdiôe J`|hn mc Giqsb`h y nh Seizc|timhm mcMcst}`. ce}|c `}|`t% Cn `loc}iz` ct khe}cec| zizh nh |cjncviôect}|h}égidh t`l|c C_HGS]_H GSECH. mijsemi| nh cvqc|ice+dih mcn J`|` y ct}hlncdc| dè}hd}`t dè q|`ycd}`t heèn`g`t%

Ct}c è|ch mc }|hlho` tc cedh|gh mc q|cqh|h| q|`qsct}ht ykh}c|ihnct qh|h nh |cjncviôe. hmckèt mc mijsemi| nht dèdnsti`+ect `l}ceimht y }|h}h| mc hq|cemc| mc cvqc|icediht cv}c|eht%

Q`| `}|h qh|}c. ce |cnhdiôe dè ct}c q|`dct` mc |cjncviôe tc}|hlhoh t`l|c cn mce`kiehm` q|`ycd}` Giqsb`h <1<1.mclh}icem` t`l|c cn js}s|` mc nh d`kh|dh%

Cn Dètco` Gct}`| ct cn xsc tc cedh|gh mc gct}ièh| nht |cnh+dièct dè `}|ht iet}i}sdièct qÿlnidht mcn }c||i}`|i` &G`lic|+e` Zhtd`. Miqs}hdiôe J`|hn mc Gsiqÿd`h.%%)%

D`nhl`|hdiôe dè `}|ht ce}imhmct yq|`ycddiôe cv}c|i`|

Seizc|timhm mc Mcst}`

I|hs|gi Nhe}ce khe}icec seh |cnhdiôe mc d`nhl`|hdiôe dènh Seizc|timhm mc Mcst}` h }|hzét mc ts q|`g|hkh mc M`d+}`|hm` ce cn xsc fh qh|}idiqhm` nh Hgcedih mc Mcth||`nnìkqh|}icem` dfh|nht y |cdilicem` h n`t m`d}`|hem`t cv}|he+oc|`t qh|h dè`dc| cn k`mcn` mc mcth||`nn` ikqnckce}hm`q`| nh Hgcedih%

H |hë mc ct}h d`nhl`|hdiôe iej`|khn ts|gce m`t q|`ycd}`tmc d`nhl`|hdiôe |cnhdièhm`t dè C_HGS]_C GSECH% Q`|seh qh|}c. y ce |cnhdiôe dè se` mc n`t `loc}iz`t mc C_H+GS]_C GSECH. nh gcec|hdiôe mc dhqi}hn t`dihn &|cnhdièctmc dèjiheh ce}|c tst kickl|`t). se q|`ycd}` mc d`nhl`+|hdiôe qh|h kcmi| |ctsn}hm`t ce ct}c tce}im`. mc khec|hxsc tc fh hmhq}hm` seh fc||hkice}h cnhl`|hmh q`| Mcst}`qh|h zhn`|h| nh hd}izimhm mc n`t dnst}c|t mc nh DHQZ% Ce<113 tc qhth|è cn q|ikc| dsct}ièh|i` h kickl|`t mcn j`|` y h qh|}i| mc hfë q`m|èe |chnih| se tcgsikice}` h n`t iemi+dhm`|ct ce ctc dhkq` &dèjiheh+dhqi}hn t`dihn)

Q`| `}|h qh|}c. se q|`ycd}` mc d`nhl`|hdiôe qh|h ct}smih| nhied`|q`|hdiôe mc esczht ckq|ctht mc nh d`kh|dh. mc kce`|mikcetiôe. hn j`|`% Tc }|h}h mc dè`dc| ts ti}shdiôe y `qieiôe

qh|h q`mc| h|}idsnh| nscg` ts qh|}idiqhdiôe ce cn j`|`

Nh |cnhdiôe dè nh Seizc|timhm mc Mcst}` fh qc|ki}im` q|c+tce}h| y mitds}i| cn k`mcn` qh|h nh gct}iôe mc nh j`|khdiôe



8 Ie}|`msddiôe

48

y cn dè`dikice}` mcjieim` h }|hzét mc C_HGS]_C GSECH

ce mijc|ce}ct j`|`t ce cn kh|d` mc nh |cm CS\C]EIQ%

KIB

Mctmc C_HGS]_C GSECH }hkliée tc khe}icec seh |cnh+diôe mc d`nhl`|hdiôe dè cn Dce}|` mc Iezct}ighdiôe ceDè`dikice}` KIB &Kèm|hgè Ibc|bc}h Bsmchbc}he) ce cnkh|d` mcn Q|`ycd}` D@ECV t`l|c dhqi}hn t`dihn% Mc tskhe` tc q|ctce}ô seh qècedih q|ctce}hem` cn J`|` C_H+GS]_C GSECH ce n`t Ds|t`t mc Zc|he` mc nh SQZ%

\cds|t`t

Nh jiehedihdiôe mcn J`|` y mc n`t mijc|ce}ct q|`ycd}`t xscts|gce mc tst nëecht ct}|h}égidht mc hd}shdiôe q|`zicec jse+mhkce}hnkce}c mc?

• ds`}ht mc nht ckq|ctht &mc j`|kh q|`q`|dièhn h ts}hkhø`)

• hq`|}hdièct mc n`t Hyse}hkice}`t &q|`q`|dièhnct h tstfhli}he}ct)

• tslzcedièct mc iet}i}sdièct y `|gheitk`t qÿlnid`t&G`lic|e` Zhtd`. Miqs}hdiôe mc Giqsb`h. IECK)

Ce dshe}` h n`t |cds|t`t fskhe`t. nh Hgcedih mc Mcth||`+nn` qèc h mitq`tidiôe mc C_HGS]_C GSECH qc|tèhn }éd+eid` qh|h hq`yh| y miehkih| n`t q|`dct`t mc |cjncviôe htëd`k` q|`q`|dièh| t`q`|}c h n`t q|`ycd}`t% Ct}c qc|tèhn}édeid` ct}è jiehedihm` q`| n`t Hyse}hkice}`t%

Q`| `}|h qh|}c nht ckq|ctht. mce}|` mc CEQ\CTH GSECH.qh|}idiqhe q`| kcmi` mc tst |ctqèthlnct mc \\FF. y n`tdce}|`t mc cmsdhdiôe dè tst d``|miehm`|ct y q|`jct`|ct ceQ\CT]HBSE]_H GSECH%

N`t Hyse}hkice}`t }hkliée qh|}idiqhe dè tst |cq|ctce}he+}ct }he}` ce cn Dètco` Gct}`| d`k` ce GH\HQCE GSECH.mèmc }hkliée d`nhl`|h nh Miqs}hdiôe J`|hn mc Giqsb`hdè se |cq|ctce}he}c mc nh Mi|cddiôe mc Iee`zhdiôe y T`dic+mhm mcn Dè`dikice}`. ce se dnh|` cockqn` mc d``qc|hdiôeqÿlnid`+q|izhmh y d`kq|`kit` iet}i}sdièhn%

\ctsn}hm`t y n`g|`t

Fht}h cn k`kce}`. y ce d`nhl`|hdiôe dè `}|ht ce}imhmct y`|gheihdièct. tc fhe |chnihm` n`t mihgeôt}id`t mc qc|ji+

nct q|`jctièhnct y d`kqc}cediht ht`dihmht ce n`t tcd}`|ct

ct}|h}égid`t mc nh d`kh|dh%

Tc fh gcec|hm` seh |cm mc dè}hd}`t y seh }|hetjc|cedih mcdè`dikice}` c iej`|khdiôe ce}|c n`t mijc|ce}ct hd}`|ct. h|}i+dsnhm`t ce n`t }|ct GSECT% Nht ckq|ctht jhz`|cdce cn hdc|+dhkice}` mc n`t dce}|`t j`|kh}iz`t h ts q|èd}idh mih|ih. n`tdce}|`t d`nhl`|he qh|h d``|mieh|tc c ikqnckce}h| nht ecdc+timhmct mcjieimht q`| nh ckq|cth. mctmc nh Seizc|timhm tcq|`msdc seh }|htjc|cedih mc dè`dikice}`t y fc||hkice}htmc czhnshdiôe host}hmht h nht ecdctimhmct y dh|hd}c|ët}idhtmcn q|`ycd}`. y hmckèt tc dè`dce lsceht q|èd}idht mc nhd`kh|dh ` mcn cv}c|i`| &Co% }|hlho` q`| kcmi` mc cxsiq`ths}ôe`k`t)%

Hmckèt tc fh jhz`|cdim` nh mijstiôe mc nh kc}`m`n`gëh mcnh gct}iôe q`| d`kqc}cediht ce}|c nht ckq|ctht mc S|`nhC|mih y n`t dce}|`t j`|kh}iz`t. mc khec|h xsc n`t tcd}`|ctdnhzc mc nh d`kh|dh. d`k` cn mc nh khmc|h. qscmce kco`+|h| y q`}cedih| nh j`|khdiôe mc tst |cds|t`t fskhe`t%

Q`| `}|` nhm`. g|hdiht h nh d`nhl`|hdiôe dè dce}|`t cmsdh+}iz`t y mc iezct}ighdiôe. y mce}|` mc GH\HQCE GSECH. tcct}è nnczhem` h dhl` seh mijstiôe mc nh cvqc|icedih y sehq|ctcedih ce j`|`t y |cmct cv}c|i`|ct%

Se n`g|` ikq`|}he}c ct cn ie}c|ét xsc fh gcec|hm` ct}c J`|`ce}|c n`t hgce}ct mc nh èh. mc khec|h xsc cn eÿkc|` mcckq|ctht y dce}|`t j`|kh}iz`t. htë d`k` mc ce}imhmct d`nh+l`|hm`|ht mc dh|èd}c| qÿlnid` y q|izhm` zh ce hskce}`.cvqhemicem` nh |cm y qc|ki}icem` nh d|chdiôe mc esczhtnëecht mc }|hlho` y khy`|ct q`tilinimhmct mc mcth||`nn` ciee`zhdiôe%

Cn ie}c|ét mctqc|}hm` q`| hngse`t q|`ycd}`t ce nht iet}i}s+dièct qÿlnidht fh qc|ki}im` hl|i| se dhsdc mc d`nhl`|h+diôe y cn hddct` h escz`t |cds|t`t cdèôkid`t%

Jhd}`|ct mc évi}` y dnhzct

Tc nc fh mhm` se dè}ceim` y seh dè}iesimhm hn j`|`% ]icecieidi` qc|` e` jiehn% Q`d` h q`d` tc zhe ied`|q`|hem` kètckq|ctht. tc zhe gcec|hem` escz`t q|`ycd}`t. d`nhl`|h+dièct…

Ct seh |cm dè z`nse}hm mc hqc|}s|h. mc ie}cg|h| dhmh zch kèt ckq|ctht. mc kce`| }hkhø`. kèt dce}|`t j`|kh}iz`t.ce}ct tsq|hkseidiqhnct. c}d. y hn kitk` }ickq` mc hl|i|tc h

qh|}idiqh| ce `}|`t ce}`|e`t y d`kqh|}i| cvqc|icediht% Nhd|chdiôe mcn è|ch mc }|hlho` GH\HQCE GSECH mcksct}|hct}h z`nse}hm mc dè}iesh |cjncviôe y |cj`|ksnhdiôe mc qnhe+}chkice}`t%



4<

Nh d`kseidhdiôe tc khe}icec y h|}idsnh ce se`t eizcnct

hn}`t% Cn q|`dct` tc fh dh|hd}c|ihm` q`| ts }|hetqh|cedih ymct}hdh nh ikq`|}hedih mc nh d`kseidhdiôe iej`|khn d`k`cnckce}` mcditiz` qh|h gcec|h| d`kqnidimhm y dèjiheh%

Cn `loc}iz` jiehn mcn j`|` ct hskce}h| nh d`kqc}i}izimhm mcnht ckq|ctht mc nh d`kh|dh h }|hzét mc seh hmcdshmh gct+}iôe mcn dè`dikice}`. mc khec|h xsc ts |ce}hlinimhm iedi+mh t`l|c cn licect}h| y cn mcth||`nn` mcn }c||i}`|i`% Qh|h cnn`tc fh dètcgsim` ts d`kq|`kit` fhdiéem`nct tce}i| q|`}h+gèit}ht mcn J`|`%

Nht |cnhdièct xsc tc fhe im` ct}hlncdicem` tc dh|hd}c|iheq`| se dh|èd}c| mshn. j`|khn+iej`|khn. qsct}` xsc hsexsc tcfh gcec|hm` cn j`|` kcmihe}c hdsc|m`t j`|khnct y cvit}cese`t d`kq|`kit`t ji|khm`t. nh ikq`|}hedih mc nh dc|dheëh y nht |cnhdièct iej`|khnct tc fh |czcnhm` ksy ikq`|}he}ctqh|h tsqc|h| q|`lnckht y |c}idcediht. y gcec|h| dèjiheh%

Nh Hgcedih mc Mcth||`nn` fh czi}hm` dshnxsic| q|`}hgèit+k` mcth||`nnhem` seh }h|ch mc hq`y` y d``|miehdiôe. jhdi+ni}hem` n`t dè}hd}`t y nh d|chdiôe mc se ce}|hkhm` mc |cnh+dièct f`|iè}hnct% Fh j`kce}hm` nh |cm ce tst ieidi`t. qh|+}idiqh hd}izhkce}c ce miehkih|nh y khe}cec|nh zizh. ced`nhl`|hdiôe dè cn |ct}` mc hd}`|ct. qc|` e` tc dètimc|hen`t q|`}hgèit}ht y lcecjidih|i`t%

Q`| ÿn}ik`. nh d`nhl`|hdiôe qÿlnid` q|izhmh tc fh |czcnhm`jsemhkce}hn q`| seh qh|}c qh|h m`}h| mc seh ncgi}ikimhm hnq|`ycd}` y q`| `}|h q`| cn t`q`|}c cdèôkid` xsc tsqèc%Cn ie}c|ét }he}` mc n`t Hyse}hkice}`t. d`k` mcn G`lic|e`Zhtd` y nh Miqs}hdiôe J`|hn mc Giqsb`h zhn`|ihe n`t `loc+}iz`t y hddièct mc ct}c j`|` y jhdini}he ts mcth||`nn`%



44

D`k` d`kqnckce}` jiehn ce nh cnhl`|hdiôe mcn m`dskce}`

tc qnhe}chlh nh ied`|q`|hdiôe mc seht dèdnstièct cnhl`+|hmht h qh|}i| mc nh |cjncviôe d`ncd}izh ce cn tce` mc GH\H+QCE% Cn tckieh|i` mc ]`n`th ti|ziô d`k` j`|` qh|h ct}h |cjnc+viôe y nh qsct}h ce d`kÿe mc imcht c iexsic}smct q`| qh|}cmc nht Hgcediht q|ctce}ct%

D`k` cnckce}` ce|ixscdcm`| e`t fh qh|cdim` ie}c|cthe}ccvqèc| hxsë hngseht mc nht imcht y dsct}ièct kèt |cnc+zhe}ct qnhe}chmht ce ct}h o`|ehmh. cekh|dhmh ce cn q|`dc+t` mc |cjncviôe ct}|h}égidh mcth||`nnhm` q`| Gh|hqce. d`k+liehmht dè n`t htqcd}`t ` jhd}`|ct xsc fck`t dètimc|hm`dnhzct h n` nh|g` mc ct}c m`dskce}`%

Ce q|ikc| nsgh|. tc dèt}h}h xsc cjcd}izhkce}c nht Hgce+diht ie}cg|hmht ce GH\HQCE tè dètdice}ct mc nh ikq`|+}hedih mcn k`kce}` y cn dè}cv}` hd}shn% Se dè}cv}` mcied|ckce}` mc nh d`kqc}cedih. mc ecdctimhm mc hqc|}s|hh escz`t dhkq`t y j`|kht mc d`nhl`|hdiôe. mc esczht j`|+kht mc hd}izimhm y mc ecdctimhm mc |cq`tidièhkice}` ciee`zhdiôe%

Ct d`kÿekce}c hdcq}hmh nh ecdctimhm mc nnczh| h dhl` seq|`dct` mc |cjncviôe ce q|`jsemimhm. hdc|dh mc n`t }ckhtdnhzc d`k` nh d`nhl`|hdiôe ce}|c Hgcediht. nh jiehedihdiôe.nht esczht jô|ksnht mc ecg`di` ` nh ikq`|}hedih mcn }c||i}`+

|i` ce n`t q|`dct`t mc mcth||`nn`% Cvit}c seh tcetilinimhmq`ti}izh fhdih hxscnnht ieidih}izht xsc qc|ki}he mcth||`nnh|cn q|`dct` mc dhkli`% Ce mcjiei}izh. tc htskc nh ecdctimhmmc cedh|h| cn js}s|` dè seh hd}i}sm mc |cjncviôe y escz`tqnhe}chkice}`t ce dshe}` h q|`dct`t. |cnhdièct y tc|zidi`t%

Ct}c qht` ct jsemhkce}hn qsct}` xsc seh zc htskimh ct}hecdctimhm mc khe}cec| se ctqë|i}s d|ë}id` y |cjncviz` tchl|ce nht qsc|}ht h seh kco`|h dè}iesh xsc e`t qc|ki}i|ètc| kèt d`kqc}i}iz`t y kèt cjidice}ct ce esct}|h }h|ch mcgcec|h| licect}h| y mcth||`nn` qh|h esct}|`t kseidiqi`t yd`kh|dht%

D`k` tcgsem` htqcd}` h mct}hdh|. jigs|h se dèdcq}` mcst` ksy cv}cemim` ce n`t ÿn}ik`t }ickq`t. y tickq|c nighm`h `}|` dèdcq}` jsemhkce}hn d`k` ct cn mc nh d`kqc}i}izi+mhm% Tc }|h}h mc nh iee`zhdiôe. nh iee`zhdiôe ce}cemimhd`k` nh ie}c|hddiôe dè escz`t hd}`|ct. escz`t k`m`t mc|cnhdiôe. escz`t k`m`t mc `|gheih|tc. c}d% Nh iee`zhdiôetc dèt}i}syc f`y mëh d`k` se` mc n`t jhd}`|ct dnhzc qh|hq`mc| }|hlhoh| y ,t`l|czizi|, ce ce}`|e`t dhmh zc kètd`kqnco`t. mieèkid`t y d`kqc}i}iz`t%

Nh iee`zhdiôe ct se q|`dct` xsc |cxsic|c mc seht dèmi+dièct ctqcdihnct. tsqèc gcec|h| imcht y q|`msd}`t esc+

z`t. tsqèc ikhgieh| mijc|ce}ct zëht y dhkie`t qh|h hndhe+h| esczht kc}ht. y ct` t`n` tc nnczh hdhl` mctmc esczhtq`tidièct. mctmc cn |ictg` xsc tsqèc hlhemèh| k`kce+}èechkce}c nh tcgs|imhm mc n`t dè`dim` y cvqn`|h|. ikhgi+

eh|. qceth| mc `}|` k`m`% Ct ksy mijëdin. q`| e` mcdi| ikq`+

tilnc. gcec|h| iee`zhdiôe hjc||èem`tc h n`t zico`t iet}|s+kce}`t. hn kitk` ncegshoc. h n`t }ôqid`t |cnhdièhnct.…ecdcti}hk`t ie}c|hd}sh| dè `}|`t. dè`dc|e`t y dè`dc| hn`t mckèt. mctmc se escz` q|itkh. mctmc se escz` qse}`mc zit}h% Q`| cnn` tc midc xsc nh iee`zhdiôe ts|gc ce ce}`|+e`t mc |cm%

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Ncfce hgi|i fhs o`||h}ce fhti c}h fhielh} c}h fhielh} ghi hs|bi}s mi}sgs. hnhe}h|ib ghlc hgce}ice c}`|biseh|i lcgi|h hnmc|+mi b|i}ib`hb hs|bc}ce mi}s}cehb% E`nhehfi c|c mce. c|cmsh|ce i|hseb`|}htseh cqc nhls||che nhemsb` msgsnhb`he. ncfcehnche th|chb c}h th|ccb }`bi c|ckshe ms}ce gh||he}ih fh|}s msgs fiqimc%

Ohbi}se gh|h th|c bè}cq}scb ihc|h c}h hkh sbicie fhemih ms}cnh c}h c mcnh c||hh gith f`||c}hb` bè}cq}shb fcnh|h+}ch% Lct}hnmc. lhmhbigs htb`}he ctbs h|}che c msgsnh `|`b`|}s mhi}cbcce ctqc|ice}ih|ib. cm` mi}sgsehb c||chni}h}c}ib s||segcnmi}ce mi|ce ct}c|c`}iq`hb mi|cnh. th|chb gs|c cgsec|`b` oh|msc|he. ctbsh|bi }`bib` cbè`kihe. msce c|hgieh lcfh| lch+nh ie}c|q|c}h}s hfhn ih}cb`% Lc|h. ksgh f`|icb bè}she fh|}s}h. nhe fhs ghi f`||c}h|h fs|linms. g`g`c}h cgie c}h èm`|i`hbh}c|h}cb` }hnmche cgieib` hfhncgie}h} fh|}s lcfh| mh% Hfhncgie f`|i iej`|khi`h|ce }|hetkiti`he mh}h. cnbh||cbie lheh+}sb` msgse chgs}h t`|}che. ns||hnmc c|cks clc|miec}he cgi}htk` lc||ihb gh|h}cb`%

F`||celct}c. ncfce qhqc|t fècb th|che nhe cgi}cb` c}h th|chb t`|}s c}h bsmch}cb` lcfh||h ms fiqimc. }`bi gh|hqcecb`hgce}icb nhebimc}h c}h ncfihb`|}htse jhb}`|c gith bè}she ihe mch}ce% Gs|c }ct}siegs|shb th||i hhnc|h}ce c}h hqikh+||h}ce migs „th|ch|ce‛ gh||he}ih. lhieh `|i}vh||c |hiemib bè}cq}s f`|i c mhg` hgce}ic}he }vc|}h}s}h. c|hbsemch hnmc+eib hnmc cfh|bh}ce msce h|mh} gith% Bhni}h}ch. q|ct}hbse}h. IB]hb }vc|}h}ch c}h he}cb`hb cfh|+nc||` gith fh|}ce `fi+}s}h ghsmc% C mh. `|mch. f`|i gc|}h}ce `|hiemib th|ccbie? th|chb h|}ibsnh}s c}h tst}h}cb` c|hb c mi|h hgc|}ce gs|c }`bic|hbsemcce bsmchbc}he%

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Hbce ls|she. gs|c fcnls|sh c mh th|c c|cmsce c}h f`|icb mhbh|}h}ce èm`|i`ce ghiecb` h}c|bc}h }c`|ib`h. lhiib c}hth|che nhe cgi}ch|ce bè}cq}shb hgce}ice}h} c| mhbh||ce cm` c| cbh| mchbcce fhsteh|}ch c}h f`||ce ghiecb` c}h+lhimh tst}h}ch. lhi lhbì}h|ce ns||hnmcb` lh|ecb` c|ckshe. lhi bheq`b` c|ckshe. ns||hnmc. ehi` ehfi ehi`h|}cb` lct}cc|hginc lh}scbib` fh||ckhehb h|}ibsnh}c|i mhg`bièc%

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Fhkh|bhmh lh} qhth}v` mh ksemshe lh||ceh qh|hmigkhlc||i lh} lh||cih}s mcnh? cbè`kih|ce c}h gih|}ch|ce gn`+lhnihi`h% Cg`c|h lc||i f`||cb hnmhbc}h ehlh|kcehb cbh+||i mi}s ksemshe. gih|}c c}h cbè`kihe ehfi ns||hnmche?i|hsn}h }cbe`n`gib`h c}h iej`|khi`|h th|limch. kc}h}cb`c|h lc||ihb. nheh lc||he}`nh}cb` c|hb. fi|i}h|}ch h|chg`}+ch. hnmhbc}h q`ni}ib`hb c}h }|hethbi` c}h jnsvs cbè`ki+b`ce fhbsemc ctqèce}ihnh khinh gn`lhnche%

Qh|hmigkh f`||cb kc|bh}sce ncfihb`|}htseh h|chg`}chmhbh|. hfse}h|ce ghsc|mib` c}snh c mceh &H% Zèxsc

Lh|xsc|`. <11<). c}h f`||cb cthe ehfi ms gn`lhnih}cemsce q|`cts f`||c}he th|}s}h mhsmce fc||ihnmc. ns||hnmc c}hfi|ice cbìqce tit}ckc}he fhielh} c}h fhielh} mì}c cgielcfh| mi|cnh%

Ceq|cthb. `|mch. c mi|h ncfih}ce h|i e`|lc|c bhth. cbì+qce iegs|s c}h iegs|s iet}i}sièhn lh}ce lh||she lhiib.c}h. f`|}h. q|`cts f`||cb fi|ice c}h ns||hnmcce hnmhbc}htst}h}ce ms. c}h c|hnmh}c f`||c}he jse}tcb` li jhb}`|chgc|}ce mi|h? lc||ibse}h c}h th|chb%

O`bhncbs f`||c}he gn`lhnh mceh c}h }`bib`h mceh cnbh| `th+

gh||i mi|h. licb gih|}c c}h cbè`kih tiec|gih `t`h ms}c%F`|}h. }`bi c|cksh|ce gh||he}ih fèc}he mh}h? gn`lhnhmce f`|i bsmch}cb` gsec ih}che. cbè`kih|ce cbìqcec}h ncfihb`|}htseh|ce gsec ih}che. gih|}c c}h bsn}s|h ie}c+g|hi`h|ce gsec ih}che c}h q`ni}ibh|ce bsmchbc}h c}h c||c+q|ctce}hi` gsec ih}che% F`||ce fh|i}ib. q|ie}iqi` lh}sbghs| li e`|hlimc mi}s}cnh cthe mchbcgs. ihe c|c. „c|cksgn`lhnche qce}th}s c}h }`bihe oh|mse‛ mchbcgs. lhiehlhi}h „}`bihe qce}th}s c}h c|cks gn`lhnche oh|mse‛ c|c%

Cg`c|h gì}ib lcfc|h hnmh}ce h|i mce c}h lh}c c|c }cbe`+n`gih i|hsn}he c}h iej`|khi`|h i|it}cb` cm` th|}cb` limc+c}he ìe fh|}ce msce }|hetj`|khi` f`||ce hs||che. }`bic|hbsemccb b`bhqce f`lch ms}c ehi`+ct}h}scb lhie`. c||c+q|ctce}hi` ghi}htsehgh}ib. khngs}htsehgh}ib c}h k`nmh}c+b` ghi}htsehgh}ib% Mceh mcnh. bsmchbc}h c||èbh f`||cbgh|hqce ct}|h}cgihb li|mcjiei}ch ctbh}ce ms. b`kseibh+i`. iej`|khièhnihi` c}h gih bhqi}hn q`ni}ibc}he ìeh||i+}s}h%

]ct}siegs|s f`||c}he. fhie sce c|c. qnhh|h}ce mh th|ch.kc}hj`|h gith. `|gheihi`ce oh|mse c|cksh c}h o`bhncbsh&fi|ice th|chb. fi|ih th|che. gih|}ch th|che. ns||hnmc+th|ch%%%) ehfi bsmch}cb` qh|hmigkh lc||ih i|smibh}cb`%

Hgce}zih th|che

]`bi cm` ctbshnmc gh|hqcec|hb` hgce}icb cie mi`}c li+bh| ckhe gn`lhnh c}h n`bhnh mce }ct}siegs|s f`||i. c}h h|gic}h gh|li ibst}ce ms}c ncfihb`|}htseh h|chg`}ce h|i mcnh.gc|` c}h gcfihg` lhi}i|h. cth}c lh}c|hb`. hgce}ice}h}`fib` ihe mi|ce ceqncgs. q|ct}hbse}h cm` ceq|ctce}hb`c|li}shb ctbhie}ce h|i mi|ce c|hbsemc qslnib` cie q|i+lh}shb% F`||cbie lh}c|h. smhnh ghiemib` c|hbsemc qslni+b`cbie mi}s}ce fh||ckhece bèqncvs}htseh c}h jiehe}hbc+}h h|h`hb bè}she fh|}ce lhmi}sgs. cg`c|h bhtbh||h mcnh`fh|}sb` gh|h. oh|ms}cb` c|cms f`||ce i|hseb`|}htseh|ighg`bi`nh%

F`||celct}c. }`bi gh|hqceh|ce c}h hgce}ice c}`|bisecb`limch h|gi}cb` lct}c qnhe}chkcems lh} cgi}ch lcfh|+lcfh+||cb`h mh% _hnhe}h}he ilini lcfh||h c}h ncfihb`|}htsehh|chg`}ch `t` mh h||se}h gs|c gh|hi`}he. oh|msc|h cm`+cie mcnh c|c. c}h. lc|h. cg`bi}s c}h }|cteh. h|n` c}h qce}+th}cb` c}h o`bh}cb` k`nmc lc||ihb hs|bi}s lcfh| mi}sgs.gs|c cgiebiseh lc}c}ce ncfihb`||hb ih}cb`. lc}ic|c vcmcehgstih hfh}s ghlc. fhnh e`nh. gs|c iegs|she ègih}chc}h hs||c|hqceh t`|}ch%

G`|hg` cthe msgsec. hnhe}h c}h ncfihb`|}htse }ct}sie+

gs|s f`||c}he lc||ibse}h c}h th|che nhe cgi}ch jse}tcb`jhb}`|c linhbh}ce mi|h. ihe c|c. lhnihlimchb &cbè`kih.ns||hnmc c}h gih|}c lhnihlimchb) f`lc}` c|hlin}cb` hsbc|hckh}ce ms}c. c}h. èm`|i`. ns||hnmch gcfihg` c}h f`lc}`gh|h}cb` hsbc|h% Ns||hnmc lh}cb` ceq|cth c|hgincce c}hgih|}c c}h c|hbsemc c|hgincce h|}cb` ie}c|hbi`hb ibhtbse}+h c}h chgs}h c}h q|`msb}shb t`|}ch mhbh|. lc|ci t`|+}sb` c ni|h}cbccehb% F`||cb ns||hnmch|i ihc|h lc||i}hinchckh}ce mi`. c}h f`|i mh ns||hnmchb i|hlhnc cgi}ce mi}sceh&Lceb` c}h Niqic}. 899<)%

Th|che nhe cgi}ch|ce hmilimc gh|lih mh. cth}c lh}c|hb`.GH\HQCE% Fcnls|shb c}h lhnihlimchb qh|}cbh}ce mi|h.lhnihlimc}h} fh|}s iej`|khi`h c}h chgs}h% Gh|hqceHgce}ice Cstbhn Cnbh|}ch &GH\HQCE) c|hgincce h|}cb` nhe+bimc}h|ce hmilimc mh. ns||hnmc cm` ctbshnmcce c|ckshe%Nhebimc}h f`||cb lct}cnh lc|ci n`|}sb` c ni|h}cbcce fcn+ls|shb n`|}ch mhbh|%

GH\HQCE hfhnkce fhemib` c||ckie}h mh? hgce}icb qh|}c+bh}s}hb` ct}|h}cgihb limc|h mi}hbc}c. ctqc|ice}ihb }|sbh}sc}h gih|}c c}h c|hbsemcce kh|b`he jse}tcb` c|hbsemcgith tcem`}s% Th|c f`||cb t`| mi}hbcce bheq` hlhe}hinciq|`lc}vs h}c|h}ch th|c f`||c}hb` hb}`|cce ctbs c}h cnbh|+nheche oh|ms}cb` ms}ce l`|èmh}ch|ce ctbs mhg`%

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Th|ch? bè}zcq}sh c}h mcjieizi`h

Ghs| h||se}h mh `t` cmè`|b th|c fi}h cqhie f`|}c}he fh|}+ch% H||se}h mh c}h `fib`}h} fh|}ce msgs tit}ckce th|c.fi|ice th|c. th|che nhe cgi}c. th|cce th|c &ie}c|ec}) c}h he}cb`bè}cq}shb c|hlin}ch. ibstqcgi c}h ghi hn`| clc|miec}he ghi+ec|h &gc`g|hjih. }cbe`n`gih|ce ibc|bse}h. q`ni}ibh ice}ihb%%%)%

Fhnh c}h gs}i c|c. th|c bè}cq}sh c|h eh}s|hnche ilini h||ce.fhielh} hn`||c}he lc||i}hinch mce bè}cq}sh mh. fh||ckhehblct}c c|h lh}c|h snc|}cb` hsbc|h ckh}ce mscnhb` c}h iej`|+khi`h|ce c}h ohbie}h|ce gih|}chb mhbh|bigse c||èbcihs||c cgi}cb` lct}c limc lh}sb mhbh|}hnhb`. lc|cibi }`bi

c|ckshe gih|}ch c}h cbè`kih gh|h}cb` ibstqcgi}ib%

Gs}i`b ghsmc. hnmc cm` k`nmc. „th|che‛. gs}i`b ih}cemi}sgs fh||ckhehb. j`|khnhb cm` c fhie j`|khnhb. c}h gs+}i`b }|sbh}ce mi}sgs iej`|khi`h c}h lhnihlimchb fcnls|sohbie lh}sb n`|}cb`% F`||ce tieqnch mi|smice f`|ivc mhth|c bè}cq}sh|ce ksieh c}h fhielh} c}h fhielh} hn`||c}hegc|}h}ce mceh &gih|}c ilinche. ceq|cth fh||ckhec}he.c|hbsemc fh||ckhec}he c}h f`|ice gs}ice h|}che gc|}h}cemi|ce k`nmc gs}ic}hb` cnbh||c|hgiec}he)%

F`|}h. bsmch}cb` c|cms lc||ih eh}s|hnh mce bè}cq}s lh}c+

he jse}th}ce mh% Cginc c}h ibc|}hinc lh}sce h|hlc|h. c|cmsf`|i mh ncfce `|gheihi` c|cmsh. q|ikh|i`h. `|gheihi`hncfcect}ce ms}ce c}h fic|h|bih c}h fh||ckhe lc|}ibhnc}he ìeh+||i}s}hb` }|sbcc}he khki}ce mi|ce c|cmshb lhie` ncfcehg`b`h%

Fcnls|sh c mh. |mch. h}c|h cgi}ch. |mceh|ib ghlcb` tit+}ckc}h|h. lhiib c}h gs|c lhnihlimchb c}h fh||ckhehb c|hc|hgieb`||hg`. khngshg` c}h miehkib`hg` lh}che bsmch}+ch. gc|` c}h bèqncvshg`h c}h hei}hg`h mce }ct}siegs|sf`||c}he ncfihb`||hg`hb ih}cb`%

Iemst}|ih h|`hb lct}c gih|}c c}h cbè`kih lh}i ckhe mi` limc%C|cms f`||c}he lhni` c|he}tih c}h lc||ibse}h iegs|s khngs c}hmiehkib`c}he t`|}ce mi|h. iegs|s f`|ic}he iej`|khi`h|ce c}hohbie}h|ce jnsvsh c||hhg` ilin}ce lhi}h gcficgi fic|h|bih+}s}h mhsmce c}h hnmhghi}hb mi|ce tit}ckh cm` `|gheihi`c+}he lhie`% Th|c+iegs|secc}he t`|}ce mh lc||ibse}h. ncfihb`|+}htseh|ce jse}tcb` jhb}`|c mce lc||ibse}h%

F`|}h. gs|c st}c. ,th|ch nhe cgi}cb` c|cms lc||i lh} mh.fh||ckhehb h|}ibsnh}cb` c|h lc||ih. lh}c c|c ihc|h f`|i+è}hncb` fh||ckhehb. ns||hnmc lh} cm` gcfihg`b`hb. qslni+b`hb cie q|ilh}shb% F`||ce limc. fcnls|s cm` ie}c|ctb`kse lh} c|mict}cb` l`|èmh}cb`h c}h hb}il`h mce qh|+}cfh|}ch gc|}h}ce mh% F`||c}h|hb`. li}h|}cb` kh}c|ihnhb

c}h iekh}c|ihnhb cnbh|}|sbh}ce mi|h c}h cnbh||ce lcfh||cheìeh||i}ce mce nhebimc}h jnsvsh limc|h}ce mh% Nhe cgi}c+b` c|h f`||cb ohbie}h lc||ihb c}h lc||ibse}hb t`|}cb`

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jse}tcb` `thghi gith hgc|}ce mh% ,

Th|c nheh|ce oh}`||ih

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|i lhni` c|he}ti fhemi|ib ctbhie}ce. c}h. f`|}h. f`||ce ice}iji+b`h c}h kc}`m`n`gih hnmc}ib f`||ce cfh}h c mce g`g`c}hcgi}ce thih}s gh|h. h}c|bc}h tieqnchg`h iheib c|c fs|linhg`+b`h c}h gs|c lcfh||c}h|h cg`bi}shg`h iheg` mcnhb`he%

Th|c nheh|ce fi|s c|cms imce}ijibh}s mi}sgs. oh}`||ih|i cm`qnhegie}h|i c||cqh|h}s}h% Q|hb}ibhe ehfhtihe hgc|}celhmi|h c|c. lh}h cm` lct}ch ehgsti ih}chb i}vs|h}ce mslhi ct}|h}cgih lhi cgincce cbie}h|hb` hfhnkceh% Fèhfckce ìeh||ib` fi|s c|cmshb?

h) Cgsec|`b` oh|mseh|ce c}h mcel`|he lh||ceh ls|s}s}hb`cgi}htk`ce ckhi}h gith c|h}ce mi|ce th|chb2 qc|}tèceh|}cb`. c|hbsemc cm` b`|q`|hi`ce h|}cb` fh||ckhecelimc. seche secb` nhebimc}h|ce limc c}h seche+sechecgie mi|ce fi}h|kce c}h fh|}s mi|ce hb`|mi`ce limc c|h+}s}hb` th|chb%

l) Hm f`d th|c icemh mi}hbcgsehb. cm` }`bi gh|hqcec|hb`nhebimc}h|ce limc c|h}s}hb`hb% Th|c f`|icb cgi}htkòhbie lh} limc|h}cb` c|h}ce mi|h. i|hsqce i|hseb`||h ms}cgs}vi+htb` c}h bheq`b` bhsth lh} mcnh kcmi` &cth}c lh}c+|hb`. CXSHN q|`g|hkhb gh|h}cb` gh|hqce cnbh|}chb) cm`lh|ecb` imcih cm` bcbh lh} mcnh kcmi` t`|}ce mi|h%

d) Ihc|h ct}|h}cgib`h ms}ce th|chb. g`g`c}h c}h qnhegie}hct}|h}cgib`h ctbh}ce ms}cehb. mitciesh|i c}h tst}hqceh|imhg`bièc2 h|n` lc||i}hincc}he cm` hhnc|h}ce h|i mi|ceh|n`c}he &ibst+ce}secb`hb. hitih%%%) c}h hfhnkce c}h ie}c|ctfhemicecb` cgincce h|}che &ce}|` }cbe`n`gib`hb. ceq|cthlc||i}hinchb%%%) ihemhb` fh||ckhece limc c|h}s}hb` th|c+hb c}h hlh|% Hbce f`|icb ohbie}h t`|}cb` c}h iej`|khi`h}|hetjc|i}cb` ghi}htse fhemihg`h ms}c. c}h. lc|h. lhni`c|he}ti c}h lc||ibse}h fhemihg`h mhbh|}c%

Htqhnmi}ib h|i gh|h hnmc cm` k`nmc th|che nhe cgi}ce.

gcficec}he th|che h|i}chb c| hfhnkce msce ohbi}se iheghlc c}h ibstqcgi q|`hb}il` c}h ct}|h}cgib`hg`h|cbie c|ctbhie michgsbcce `fh|}s ghlc%

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Ncfce c|cmsh|ce c}h fi|sgh||ceh|ce h|}che lhmh jse}tcb`h

mce hnmc lh}% Fi|sgh||ce c|cmshe gs cginc q|`hb}il` linh+bh}ce gh|h bsmchbc}he. ibstqcgi `t`hg`h|cbie qce}th}cec}h qnheijibh}ce msgs. c}h seche secb`h ghiemi}s c}h cbie}+hb c}h gc|}hbh|ihb tst}h}ce mi}sgs. gc|}hbh|ice hs||chec||chbièh}s c}h c|he}s}c|h ksgh}s |mc% C|hgi}cb` hfhn+kceh fhemihg`h mh. fhie sce c|c ie}c|ctgh||icehb c}hès|hgh||icehb mi|ce limc c}h hsbc|hb fhs}h mi}hbcgsnh+b`. t`hg`h mce iej`|khi`h|i ctbc| c}h fh||ckhe th|ch|cec|migsec}ib gc|}shg` b`bh}cb` hsbc|h|i ctbc|%

E`nhehfi c|c mce. }iq`n`gih f`|i c mh i}vih. oh|ms}cb` c|hf`|icb cnbh||cbie gc|}h}ce lhi}i|h% Cth}c lh}c|hb`. sechesecb` cgi}htk`hb limc|h}ce mi|h oh|msc|h h||se}h|ce cm`

`fib`h|ce èm`|i` c|h}s}hb` fh||ckhece kh|b`he. lh}+sc}he. ghiec|h. g`g`c}h c}h qnheijibhi` q|`ctshb c|ckh|}vhe mhsmcnh. c}h oh|msc|h|ce e`|hlimch lc||i}cb` h|n`c}h j`|ksnh lc||ice linh ghlin}hnh c}h `|gheihi`h tcb}`+|c. ceq|cth cm` c|hbsemc ohbie lh}scbie fh||ckhec}heoh|}cb` s||h}thb cgi}ce mcnh%

@|gheihi` lh} lc|c fh||ckhecb. hb}`|cce khqhb. ns||hn+mch|ce ihc|h c}h gc|}hbh|icb c}h he}cb` jhb}`|ccb lhn+mie}h}ce ms}c% C}h. fhie sce c|c. hlihqse}s mce cg`c|hf`|i h}c|}s c}h chgs}chb c|hkhe lcfh| ms lc|c fh||c+khehb f`lc}c|h. mi}sce h|h`hb bèqè}c|h c}h f`lc}`

cg`bi}s hfhn ih}c|h% Hbce lh}che. fcnls|sh fh||ckhecekhqh|i c|hgi}ch mh. e`|hlimc lc||ih ckh}ch. hlhn}chcm` mhg`ceche cst}ch. bhtshe bhts%

Inm` f`|i. limc f`|i s||h}s lcfh| msgs. c}h hi}`|}s qnhegie}+h ct}|h}cgib`h c}h hb}`|cce th|chb ncfihb`| ih}cb` jse}+tcb` }|cteh mi|cnh% Hbce ls|she. fs||ceg` h}hnche ibstib`msgsec. qce}thk`nmch hnmh}che mh}h c||èbh. lct}cibstqcgi lh} fh|}che. lhieh lhi}h lct}c ghi}htse lh}sbnhems c}h ctbs|h}che c|c &khngs}htseh. qnheijibh}cb` c}hhs||ch fh|}cb` ghi}htseh. hfhncgie iej`|khièhnh. iegs+|sh lcfh}ch c}h hlh|)%

Th|c }iq`n`gihb

Th|c bè}cq}sh khngs}htseh|cbie. iej`|khn}htseh|cbie.fh||ckhe f`|iè}hncbie c}h cnbh||cbib` kcemc}htseh|cbien`}ce lhmsgs. hinms cgi}ce mh th|cce }iq`n`gih i}vi lh}cgie hfhn ih}ch% Th|ch ihc|h miehkib`h c}h qh|}cfh|}hi+nch msce nhe c}h bsmchbc}h qh|hmigkh}h} fh|}ce lhmsgs.c}h cginchb c}h lc|ce h|}cb` fh||ckhehb hnmhb`||hb c}hkhi i|hgheb`||hb lhnmie lhmi|h. hin mh }iq` cfh}hb mct+

b|ilh}ce. c}h cgiemh c|c ksgh}hinch ni}h}cbc. th|c lhbì}+h th|c lh} lhi}h. hnmhb`||h c}h fhielh} `thghi lhnmie}h}+hinc mi}sceh%

Hnhlhieh. nhe ctqc|ice}ih lhbì}h|ce oh}`||i cm` thbècb`

jin`t`jih c}h ct}|h}cgih|i ls|s lhi. fi} cgie mchbcgs.hs||cb` h}hnche cgie msgseh|ce h|gi}h|h% C}h. lhi}h. ctqc+|ice}ih f`|ice gh|hqceche gs|c st}c qits cm` gh||he}ihfhemiceh ms}ce cm` ctqc|ice}ih f`|ice chsgh||i ihe mhi+}cbcce chsgh||i cm` ecs||ici ls|s c|c%

H}h|ib`he cthe msgsec. th|che cgiemhb` nheh|i ghg`bi`+nh. ns||hnmc i|iqimch|ce h|gi}h|h. li th|c k`}h iheg` mi}s+gs? hnmc lh}c}ib. lh|ecb` th|chb. ns||hnmc lh}cb` n`}s|h c}hfh||ckhehb fh|}ce mi}s}cehb. c}h. lct}c hnmc lh}c}ib. bhe+q`b` th|chb. ns||hnmc c|cks hlhnhg` lh}cb` hb}`|ccbib`fh||ckhe c}h ie}c|hbi`hb lin}ce mi}s}cehb%

Fhnhlc|. th|c f`|icb fhielh} chsgh||i|ce h|hlc|h mhsmclhnmie}h}s}h. 4% h}hnche hgc|ihe gcnmi}sb` mcec. c}h chs+gh||i f`|ice h|hlc|h mcjiei}ce mi|h% Hs||c|hg` hiqh}sb`lhmi}sgs c|c. sec fèc}he lh}sb hiqh}ch c}h hs||c|h}chcielct}cb`h i|smi}ce higs. th|c f`|ice bèjigs|hi`he c}hgh|hqceche jse}tcb`hb mi|cnhb`% F`||celct}c. 4 th|c k`}hlc|ci}sb` mi}sgs. fèhb` fi|s chsgh||i fhsce h|gi}h|h?

ns||hnmc c|cksh fh||ckhece j`|khn}htseh c}h hb}`|cce c|cksh

Ns||hnmc c|cksh? lh|ecb` th|chb c}h bheq`b`th|chb

Cbè`kih gn`lhnh fi|ice th|cce limc h|}ibsnh}ce mh%Fi|ice th|c f`|icb }hnmc+hb}`|c iemh|}ts c}h miehkib`hb mi|hcbè`kih gn`lhnh|ce ctcehe% Bheq`b` th|c}h} o` mi}h+bcgse th|c f`|icb cncb}|èib`bi h|}ibsnh}s}h mhsmc c}h }`bic|cksb` ncbs c}h b`ksei}h}chb ctbshnmc. ehi` c}h c|cksgn`lhnc}he }vc|}h}ce mi}s}c% Fi|i cm` fi|i fhemicb hmhlcgicm` e`m` gith o`bh}ce ms}c th|che. fh||ckhe f`|iè}hnhbch||i% Fh||ckhe f`|icb ohbie}h|ce }|hetjc|ce}ih c}hcnbh|nheh hfhnlimc}ce ms}c c}h f`||cb ns||hnmc b`fcti`hc||h}ce ms c}h lc||ibse}h tst}h}ce ms. gh|hqceh|ce jse}+tcb` jhb}`|c mce lc||ibse}h%

]cbe`+cbè`kib`h mce c|cms f`||cb }`bib`h c}h gn`lhnhh|}ibsnh}ch ctbh}ce ms. c}h. lc|h. fi|ih|ce lh|eche th|c+he oh|ms}ch c}h o`bh}ch c|c ctbh}ce ms. lct}cnh cthe th|c+fi|ih h|}ibsnh}ch% Lh|ecb` th|c f`||cb hmkieit}|hi` qslni+b`hb. c|hginc cbè`kib` qslnib`hb c}h q|ilh}shb. gih|}cc}h fi|i}h||ce cnbh|}chb. tcb}`|c ie}cncb}shnhb c}h tcb}`|c q|`+jctièhnhb. gih|}c b`kseibhi`b` kcmi`hb. c|hbsemc q`ni+}ib`hb c}h gih|}c ilinh h|}ibsnh}ch ctbh}ce ms%

Lh|ecb` th|c f`|icb }`bib` n`}s|h c}h fh||ckhehb tcem`}cemi}s}c c}h mctce}|hnihi` q|`cts q|`g|ctil` lh}che b`bh}+ce mi|h% Q|`cts f`||c}he ghi ohbie lh}cbib` ie}c|cth ms}ce



81

fhielh} hb}`|c fh||ckhec}he oh|}ce mi|h c}h ctbskcehb c}h

c|he}sbisehb fh|}ce mi}s}c. c|h c fic|h|bib`he%E`nhehfi c|c mce. c|cks ohbie lh}che &fi|i. ctbshnmc) lifh||ckhe q|`cts }iq` f`|icb &lh|ecb` th|chb c}h bheq`b`th|chb) gh|h}ch c mh htbi }`bi c|cksh|ce gh|hqcecheckhi}h cthegs|h}tshb n`|}cb`% Cielct}cb`h mh lice h|}c+b` n`}s|h c|}ch. }`bib`h gn`lhnche }vc|}h}cb`. c}h. hnmc+|he}i. li th|ccb cnbh| lc||cnibh}cb`% Limc f`||c}he. lc||i+bse}h mh. hnhe}h|ib ghlc. th|cce bhni}h}c c}h ie}ce}ti}h}c+h|i mhg`bièc. jse}tcb` jhb}`|ch%

J`|khn}htse khinh? th|c j`|khnhb c}h iej`|khnhb

J`|khn}htse bè}cq}shb. th|c lh} mcjiei}ce h|i gh|cnh.fhsvc hmic|h}ce ms? th|ch cgi}s|h}ce ms}ce fh||ckhek`}hb. th|che qh|}c fh|}ce ms}ce hb}`|chb fh||ckhe k`}hf`|ice limc o`bh}ce ms}cnh|ib%

@|` fh|. j`|khn}htseh c}h iej`|khn}htseh fh||ckhe gs}ic+}he ehfhtihe hgc|}ce mi|h. ls|`b|h}ihi` khinh cm` hmki+eit}|hi` bèqncvs}htse fhemib` tit}ckh cm` iegs|sec lh}+sc}he ihe cib% Lc|h. cthe ni}cbc fh||ckhec}he lc}i mhs+mcnh ihc|h iej`|khncb` `thghihb%

Qc|}tèce h|}cb` fh||ckhehb lhnmie}h}s cgie mchbc ecg`+

ihi` q|`cts lh} cm` i}se lh}. c|h q`ti}il`he cm` ecgh}i+l`he% Fhnhlc|. hmkieit}|hi` ihqimccb cm` }c`|ihe l`}c+|c}tshg`hb mi|ce c|hbsemc cm` `|gheihi`cb oh||i}hb`ctbhbise c}h lhnmie}cb hb}`|cce ckheb`|}htseh cm` ie}c+|cth gs}vi}ch cbh| mchbc}c%

J`|khn}htse khinh c}h fic|h|bihi h h|hsc}he. hmkieit}|h+i` q|`cms|c}he. c||cgcnhkcems c}h q|`}`b`n`c}he itnh}cemh. lhieh lhi}h fi}h|kce. nhebimc}h fi}h|kce c}h bè}|h+}sc}he c|c% @fib` `thghi ih}ce mi|h. lh}sc}he cielct}c+b`hb. nhe k`nmch|ce c}h lcfh||ce h|hlc|h% @thghi f`|icblh}sc}he hs||cb` fh||ckhe iej`|khnce cm` hnmihe hnmib`cnbh|nhe q|`jctièhnce gh|hqce gith hgc|}ce mi|h%

Th|c j`|khnhb c}h iej`|khnhb lc|ci}ce fhti gc|`. hq|i`|it+k` `|` lh}c| s}i}h. th|c iej`|khn gcficehb khngshg`hbmi|cnh c}h hs}è`kih. lc||ibse}h c}h l`|èmh}cb` ihc|hhn}sh ms}cnh `fh| ghi}cbc% Hnhlhieh. th|c j`|khnhb lhie`hfsn c}h hs|gh||ihg`hb mi|h. lhi bheq`hnmch|i c||cqh|h}s}hlhi qc|}tèce }htsecbib` kcemcb`}htseh|i c||cqh|h}s}h c|c%

Bsmch}cb` c}h fh||ckhehb ih}cb` lct}c c|cms lh}sb ch||ilcfh| mi}sgsnh cth}ce msgseche. cgincce h|}che iej`|khi`hc}h ohbie}h hs||c|h+h}c|h ilin}cb` ctqhi`hb linh}s c}hf`||ce limc lc||ibse}hb t`|}s lcfh| mi|cnh cth}ce msgseche.

fh||ckhehb lct}c c|h lh}c|h. ecs||i lh}che c|h iej`|khnhg`+he. ihe lcfh| mi}sgsnh cth}ce h|i gh|h% Lhieh f`||cbie cmsgs hmi}c|h ckhe ehfi fh||ckhehb j`|khn}h} o`}cb` fhnh+b`}h} fh|}cb` `thghicb hgc|}s lcfh| ms}ceib lct}c|ib ghlc.

lhiib c}h cginccb ncfce}htseh ckhe lcfh| mi`}cnh `thghi

f`|icb linh}ch|i. c}h tcgs|}htse f`|i ncfcec}ti lcfh| ms}cnh.bcbhb cm` lcfh||hb c|hlh} htclc}c}ch|ce hs||c}ib%

Fhnh c|c. h||itbsh msgs fh||ckhehb iet}i}sièhnih}ch fcn+ls|s}h} fh|}ce ms}ce miehkibhb kh|}vhe oh|}cb`. iet}i}si`+ehnihi` f`||cb is|ghlc}htseh ghiemi}c|h c|hkheg` ghi+}scnhb`. ie}cncb}shnbi c}h `qc|h}il`bi% Cie lhmi}sgs gs|c cbi+kcehb c}h n`}s|hb miehkih}s. cie lhmi}sgs c|cks c}h hb}`|clc||ihb chgs}s c}h c|cks lc||ic}he cmsbihb ibhti. chgsehhigseh|ce hnmc h|i gh|h hqst}s cgi}ce. h||itbs|ib c msceh|cehnmc% F`||cnh cgiec gc|`. `|mch. th|ih }vibihg`h iheg` mh.c}h cqc c|}hie c}h cqc nsc|ib c mh iheg`%

Hb}`|cce c|cksh2 th|c qslnib`hb c}h th|c q|ilh}shb

Ncfceib c}h lcfie. hiqh}s cgie lcfh| mh tcb}`|c q|ilh}shbctbh|kce}s nsch mscnh. lh}c}ib. c|cks q|ilh}she th|chbt`|}ce. ncfihb`|}htseh h|chg`}cb`. c}h. lct}c}ib. th|c kit+}`c}he qh|}c fh|}ce. tìnib qslnib`hb mi|ce th|ccbie hnmc|h+}s gc|`% F`|iè}hn}htse. l`|èmh}cb` ihc|h cm` lct}cìeh||ib` bè}cq}shb c||cjc|ce}ih gith fh|}s}h. c mi}sgsehfht}s lcfh| th|c qslnib`hb c}h ns||hnmc c|cks clc|miecec|hbsemc h|}cb` fh||ckhehb% Hbce fh||ckhe f`|icb ncgckh|b` lh}cb jiebh}ce mi}s c}h kh|b` f`||cb c|hbsemc

lhbì}h|ce ctbslimc c}h lc}clcfh||hb c}h f`|icb h|hs}c+b` q|`cts c}h fh||ckhe hmkieit}|h}il`hb h|hs}ce mi}s%

Ctbskcece c}h jiehe}hbc}h|ce kh|b`hb c}h lh|ec c||cgc+nhkcemscb cmh||i}ce ms}c c|hbsemc f`|ice fh||ckhecemiehkibh%

]c`|ih ibstqcgi lh}sb hmic|h}ce ms}cec. c||hhg`h mh c|h+bsemc qslnib` c}h q|ilh}sce h|}cb` fi}h|kce q|`ctshb limc+|h}ch gc|` f`|}ib th|c lc||ihb t`|}cb`. tcb}`|c qslnib`he c|h+bsemch|}cb`}htseh c}h th|c nheh tst}h}ch lhie`% Tcb}`|c qslni+b`b` fh||ckhecb c}h c|hbsemc c}h `|gheitk` qslnib`cb ghi+ec|hb` c|hbsemc c}h qc|}tècbie mi}s}ce fh||ckhecb fic|h|bihc}h j`|khn}htseh ms}c chsgh||i. c}h f`||cb ehlh|kce `}`+qh}ce ms th|che cnbh|nheche h|i}ch% F`||ce gs}ih|ce inm`}ib.f`|}h. cthe gcechbc th|c cm` fh||ckhe lh}sc}he c|hbsemcqslnib`cb qh|}c fh|}ce lhnmie lhms}c cm` b`bhgsec hmic|h+gh||ih lhnmie lhms}c. lhi ie}c|cth hgc|}ce ms}cnhb` lhi jiehe}+hbc}he qh|}c fh|}ce ms}cnhb`. kcemcb`}htsec|hb` o`c|hhgc| ni}cbccnh c}h ckhi}h `t`h c}hlhimhgh||ih ihe ni}cbccnh%

Th|c q|ilh}sc h|i gh|cnh. dnst}c|. ohqèih| bci|c}ts. iemst+}|ih lh||s}i cm`. lct}c|ib ghlc. ceq|cth th|c c}h gith lc|c+b` `|gheihi` c|cmsc h|i gh|h% Th|c f`|icb q|`cts. q|`+msb}s. bsmchbc}h cm` lhnihlimcce fh|i}ib t`|}ce mi|h% I}se

c}h fh||ckhe f`|icb gin}h||i linhbh}ce mi|h ceq|ctce}h}kc|bh}s lc||ic}h|h i|it}cb`. ceq|cth cbikce lc||ihb gh|h}c+b`. q|`msb}shb ehfi }cbe`n`gihb lc||i}cb`. c}h. hbcels|she. ncfihb`|}htseh h|chg`}cb`%



88

Hs||cb` h}hnc}he fèhb` fhscb ihe mi}sgs fiqimc? }ct}sie+

gs|s gn`lhnih}hinch c}h th|cce cgi}cb`h ncfihb`|}htse jhb+}`|c gith. th|c bè}cq}sh. th|che nhe cgi}cb` c|hb c}h th|c+ce ihc|h cmh||i}ce ms}ce fhielh} chsgh||i c}h hnmc|mi%

Sech i|i}ti mh. lc|h. th|chb lc|ci}ce mi}s}ce chsgh||icils|s fi} cgi}cb`. fhie sce c|c gin}h||i linhbh}ce mi|cehnmc|mici ls|s h|i}cb` &j`|khnhg`h cm` iej`|khnhg`h.lc||ibse}h khinh cm` ihc|h ct}|h}cgib`h. hb}`|c k`}hb c}hhlh|)% Lhieh sech i|i}ti mh lhi}h c|c ncfihb`|}htseh|ce ibst+qcgi}ib c|cms f`||cb mi}sce hlhe}hinhb hgc|}cb` c}h gh|h}+cb` c| lcfh| mce cfh}cb`%

H}hn fèce cmsbih }`bi c|cksh|i lcgi|h q|ct}h}s msgs. c}h.

f`||celct}c. gin}h||i mi|ce `thghihb vcfh}ce mi}sgsechegh|hqce hgce}ice c|cks eh}s|hnh msgs g`g`he% Fhnh c|c.h}c|bc}h fhs ehfi c|cmshb mi}sce ès|h c}h ghi}htsecils|s cth}ce msgseh. gcfice+gcficec}he h|h`|ib ghlcct}|hq`nh mhi}cbc bheq`b` th|ccbie cgi}ce mce th|c nhec|h.bheq`b` th|ccb hbce h}hnche hhnmsb` mi}sgse øhlh|ms|hlh}sb lhmi}s}ce h||ce%

Jse}tczb` `thghihb

Th|c bè}cq}sh h|i}s gh|ceche. fcnls|s fi}h hgc|}shigs. th|ch t`||h|h}ce msce ie}c|ctgsec b`kse gith% Cie+lct}cb`h mh }hnmc ie}c|ct lh}sb ih}ch c}h ie}c|ct f`|icbfcnls|s cfh}c}he i}vs|h}ch. gc|` th|chb cfse. c|hbsemcc}h `|gheihi`hb h|}ibsnh}s c}h n`}s|hb t`|}cb`% _c| cgieehfi msgse ohbie lcfh| msgs. e`|cbie cgie mchbcgseh}c|}cb` c}h gc|` cnbh|nheh limc|h}cb` lcfh||cb` lhn+mie}hb t`|}cb`% Cnbh|nheche ls|s}s}hb` cgi}htk`cb jse}+tcb` ce}|hni}h}ch ih}ce ms}c th|che. `fib` cnbh|nhe mieh+kibce bhn}c|hb`%

Gh||he}i}tsh mh th|c lh}ce fcnls|shb cfh}ce mi|cechec gcficgi lh||cih}ch c}h c t`lc|h `|`b`||hb c}h gn`lh+nhb ih}ch% Ctqcihnih}chb limc ckh}ce mic hb}`|cci hfh+ncgiehb lin}cb` c}h f`lc}` ecs| mhi}cbcce ckhi}hb n`|}+cb`. c}h. limcehlh|. c||h}s cgi}ce mi}s cnbh|nhec|hb` q|`+ctshb c}h kcbheitk`hb%

Fcnls|shb ckh}ce mi` ce}sh th|ch|i. fcnls|shb lc}c}cems cmsbi c}h fcnls|shb h|}ibsnh}ce mi}s n`}sec cm` e`m`+hb% Mceh mcnh. th|cb` n`}sec lhbì}hb ie}c|ct cm` fcnls|slh}sb ihe mi}hbc. cfh}hb. h|n` cm` tcb}`|c ohbie lh}+sce qh|}cfh|}ch|cbie. hb}`|c lh}sce limc qh|}c fh|}cems}ce lct}c hb}`|c lh}sce limc. ohbie}h cm` chgsqce

ct}|h}cgib`hb ctbs|h}ch|ce limc c}h hlh|%

Fcnls|sce hkhic|hb` cqchb ksgh}ce ms ecs||i lh}chefh||ckheh|ce i|hsqceh c}h th|ch|ce ihc|h. qc|h}ili}h}ch+

|i. ihc|h ct}|h}cgib`h|i cm` bèqncvs}htseh|i mhg`bièc%

Th|ch li|mcjiei}s c}h cnibh}s c|c cgie mhi}cbc `|mch. ckhi}+ce c}h cnbh|nhe miehkibh|ce h|hlc|h. c}h lct}c fcnls|slh}sb oh| mhi}cbc cm` cnbh|nhec|hb` ctqh||sh hlhnms%Ghi ohbie lh}che mcel`|h cqc nhls| lh}c cnbh|nheche h|i}+cb` t`|}s}hb` th|c }vibi lh}cb ecs||i fhemihg`b` th|c lh}ickhe michi`bc limc. ehi`h ghiemib` ihc|h msce. lct}chb}`|c lh}sce qh|}cfh|}ch msce. lct}c tcb}`|c lh}sc}heth|}ce mce. cqc nscb` fcnls|shb mi}sce c}h ihc|h lc||i}+hinc c}h ct}|h}cgib`h msce th|c lh}i hmilimc%

Fh||ckhehb mi|h th|ch|ce ìeh||i. fh||ckhecb mcjiei}ce ms}cth|ch. c}h fh||ckhehb mi|h th|ch|ce jse}th. fcnls|s b`ksec+bie c}h cnbh||cbie lheh}ce mi|ce lhnihlimccbie lh}c|h% Hmocb+

}il` sgh|i c|hlin mchbcgs th|ch mcjiei}cb`% Mceh mcnh. th|c+hb hb}`|c qh|}cfh|}hinccb lhnmie}h}ce mi}s}c%

Th|chb miehkib`hb mi|h. fh||ckhehb miehkib`hb mi|cnhb`%Bè}cq}s f`|i ìeh||ib`h mh c}h. fhie sce c|c. miehki+b` ih}c f`|i mh th|cci lhni` c|he}tih t`|}ch hfhnlimc}cemiceh% Fh||ckhehb fhielh} hnmc|mi bè}she fh|}s thinbhlhmhi}cbc c|c. gs|i fèhb`hb i|smi}ce hibigs jse}tcb`?j`|khn}htse khinh. hb}`|cce h|}cb` kcemcb`}htseh c}h fic+|h|bih. fh||ckhece ie}ce}ti}h}ch. `|cbh. bèqncvs}htseh c}hbè}tcets cm` gh}hbh khinh%

Gh||he}i}tsh mh fh||ckhece j`|khn}htse khinh chgs}ch.ihe c|c f`||cb lhnmie}h}ce ms th||i fh||ckhe f`|iceckheb`|}htseh c}h bè}hb}sce miehkitk`h% Th|c k`}ce ghi+eche h|i}s gh|ce h}hnche hiqh}s msgsec. j`|khn}htsehfh||ckhe `|`}he hgc|}ce mh c|h lh}c|h cm` lct}c|h% Hnh+lhieh. bsmchbc}h c|cms lc||i fècb ctbh}ce ms j`|khn}h+tseh `thghi ehgsti c}h lhnmie}h}hinc c ih}ch%

Fh||ckhe }iq`hb. ihe lc|}ibhnhg` cm` f`|iè}hnhg`. j`|+khn}htseh|i c|hgi}ce mi` c}h q|`ctshb lhnmie}h}s cgi}cemi}s% Ghiec|h. fh||ckhe }iq` lhbì}h &`|mhieh ckh}ch. nhe+bimc}h iej`|khnh. oìe} zce}s|c+h. mi|snhgse}h c}h hlh|)ct}s+ct}s n`}s}h mhg` chsgh||i f`|ici c}h kcemcb`}htsekhinh fhemihg`h cm` }vibihg`h ch|}ce ms}c hb}`|cce h|}c+he. c}h. èm`|i`. fic|h|bih cm` khinhbc}h ohbie lh} s}cems}c hgc|ihe% Khinhbc}h f`|i `t` hie}h} fh|}s lcfh| mh.th|ch|ce jse}ièhkcemshe l`}c|c `thghi linhbh}ce lhi}h%

Fhnhlc|. fh||ckhece ie}ce}ti}h}ch c|c hie}h} fh|}s lcfh|mh cielct}che% Ie}ce}ti}h}ch. lct}chb lct}c. ecs|}s mhi}cbchb}`|cce h|}cb` fh||ckhece khi}htseh|ce. bè}hb}sce }|ie+b`}htse c}h cnbh||cbib`}htseh|ce. bèq|`kit` c}h ie}c|ctce.cnbh|nheh|ce c}h lhnihlimcce }|hetjc|ce}ice limc% Ie}ce}ti+}h}chb limc ckhe michgsbc th|ch|ce bhni}h}ch c}h hb}`|ccec|migsech|cbib` b`bhqceh c}h iemh||h ecs|}cb`%

@|cbhb fh||ckhehb mcel`|he msce i|hseb`|}htseh|i c||cqh+|h}ce mi`% Ns||hnmc lh}cb` hb}`|cce h|}cb` fh||ckhe iej`|kh+ncb nsh i|hse mchbc}c. c}h. imh}i oht`}hb` fi}h|kce lh}cb.

4 Th|che nhe cgi}ch



8<

hnmi. `t` i|hsqce nhls||h ihe mchbc% I|hsqceh ckheb`|}h+

tseh|cbie. qc|}tèh. b`|q`|hi` cm` iet}i}si` fh||ckhece ih+c|h|cbie c}h bèjihe}h khinh|cbie mhg` n`}s}h. lct}chb lct}c%

Iegs|sh|ce bèqncvs}htseh th|che }vc|}h}ce mh% F`| mi}sgs.hmilimc. hnmc lh}c}ib. th|c tieqnchb? hb}`|c gs}vi. tcb}`|cc}h c|cks lc|cb`hb. hb}`|ccb cnbh| èm` `th}ce ms}c%%%Lct}c hnmc lh}c}ib. th|c bèqncvshg`hb? fhielh} hb}`|c. fhie+lh} ns||hnmc c|cks c}h tcb}`|c}hb`hb. hnmc|mi htb`}h|ib`hb.gs|s}h}ce mi|ce fcnls|s c}h ie}c|cthb c}h bè}tcets c}hgh}hbh khinh htb`}h|ib`hb mi}s}cnh% F`||i bheq`b`hb mi|celct}cnhb` `thghi lhnmie}h}hinchb &ncgchb. cjcb}s khb|`c+bè`kib`hb%%%) c|he}ti gc|`. th|c f`|ici c|hgi}ch c}h. h|cgcfihg` bsmch}ch. `t` bèqncvsh ih}ce mh%

Lct}hnmc. lc||ibse}h khinh c|c t` hie}h} fh|}cb`h mh% Lihnmc|mi|i ls|s h|i gh|h lh}c c|c? lh}h. th|ch|ce fcnls|shcm` ghih. hgce}ice ilinlimche `fib` cm` h||se} ihe mi|ceoh|msc|ce ksn}`he &hmilimc gith. ceqncgsh cm` ceq|ctcictbhiei}hb` c|li}shb) cm` hgc|}ce h|i mi|ce c}h lc||i}hi+nchg`hb mi|ce ghi c|cksc}he th| ni}cbccehb% C}h. lct}ch.fh||ckhehb ih}cb` c|h c}h th|ch h|}ibsnh}cb` c|h. c}hf`||c}h|hb` }cbeibh c}h nhe k`nmc lc||ihb% C|hbh|gh||icehblc||ibse}h fhemiceh ctbhiei cm` ctbs|h oh|}ce migs}cebè}hb}s cm` fh||ckhehb mi|h%

Lhmh lct}c hnmc|mi lh} th|che nhe cgi}cb` c}h ctbshnmc c}h}`bi gh|hqce q|`ctsc}h|hb` lc|cliib` c|ctheh msceh.qslnib`h|ce c}h q|ilh}sh|ce h|}cb` cnbh|nheh. fhie ost}s%C|hbsemcce lhlcth cielct}cb`h mh. lhnihlimchb `th}cemi}scnhb`. incgi}htseh ckh}ce mscnhb`. b`fcti`h mhbh||c+nhb` c}h qnhe}chkcemshb hlc|ht}ce mi}scnhb`% F`||c ghie.hnmc|mi f`|i jse}tcb`h mh lct}c gh|hqce c|cms lh} j`|ks+nh}cb`. c|hlhbi c}h qnheijibhi` ctqhi` lc||ihb. jiehe}h+bc}h i}s||i lc||ihb c}h hb}`|cce cgi}cb`hb jiebh}sb` ni}sbccelct}c c|cms lh} j`|ksnh}cb`%

Qslnib` c}h q|ilh}s li}htse f`||ce fh|i}ib. ceq|cth q|ilh}shblhnib` th|cbimc mi|h hgce}ice}h}. lct}c kc|bh}s lh}sc+}he th|}s c}h c|nhièh}s}hb` ohbie}h ctqh||sc}he cnbh||cbienhe cgi}cb`% Cbikce q|ilh}she qh|}c fh|}s c}h ecgì` c}hncfihb`|}htse i|iqimcce h|gi}h|h o`bh}ch ehfi}hcb`h mhhgce}ice}h}. }`bi gh|hqceh tst}h}cb` hb}`|c c}h tst}h}+hinc gith limc|hgh||ihb ih}cb`%

Hgce}ice oh}`||i qslnib`h mcnh c}h. cie msgs hiqh}s ghlcs}i c|hlh}cb` ghs|b`}htseh msce ghi lh}. fhnh e`nh. }`bib`g`lc|esce c||cj`|kh. ctbskceci c}h jiehe}hbc}h|i mhg`+bièc% C||cj`|kh f`||cb hs}è`kih c|bimcg`c}h}ib smhnc}h+|h m`he mctce}|hnihi`h h|chg`}ce ms c}h smhnce cgi}c+b`h hlhn}ce ms. lii msgse }ct}siegs|sh|i c|hgieb`|}hts+

ec c}h c|h cg`bihe hs||c cgie hfhn ih}cb`%

Qnhh|h hbce gh|hi`}he fhielh} ghi &i|hseb`|}htseh. gh|h+qcec|hb` cnbh|}htseh. bsn}s|h hei}htseh. ceqncgs i}s||i

lc||ihb%%%) hgc|}s mh. lct}cnhb` ibstqcgi c}h q`ni}ibhb ctbh}+

ce mi}s}cehb% F`||i gcfi}ce lhhi` fc||i}h||ce ctbhbisekhinh fhemi}ce m`hnh. lcgi lit}hb`h mh lct}c g`lc|esc|cms lh}ce q|ckih. lc|cibi }`bi c|ckshe%

Lct}c chsgh||i lh} c|c lhms}c th|ccb. fhtic|he gh||he}i|ibghlch i|smi}s h||ce. th|ch i}vs|h}ce msceh? i|hghb`|}hts+eh. lct}cnh cthe. lct}c hb}`|c. th|c cm` c|cksc}h|h hlhn}+cb` ghi}htseh% I|hghb`|}htse khinhb th|ch|ce bèqncvs}h+tseh }vibi}ce cm` fhemi}ce ms. lhieh. limcehlh|. th|c|hbècb}h}ce htkh}ce ms}ce hb}`|cci iej`|khi` c}h ohbie}hctbs|h}cb` hsbc|h fhemihg`hb ctbhie}ce mibic% @t}c|he}+che. th|ch i}vih lhnmie lhmh. h|h` lc||ici hs||c cgi}cbì|}celimc lc||i}hincc}h|h th|}ch ghnh|hib` ms c}h fh||ckhe

j`|khncgic}he c}h ct}scgic}he ghn}cb` h||itbsh iheg` ms.kcemcb`}htse gcficgi|cbie c}h th|che nhe cgi}chb mhbh|}heès|ci q|`lc}vs h}c|h}cb` khei`l|h hfhnkceib ghlc%

Fh||ckhecbie lh}c|h. hb}`|c k`}hb c|c c|hlh} c|hgi}ce mi`th|ch|ce bèjigs|hi`h|i c}h jse}ièhkcemsh|i% F`|i mcnhc}h. gh||he}i}tsh mh hb}`|cce b`qs|sh. k`}h cm` ls|s}cems}ce oh|msc|h &tcb}`|c qslnib`h cm` q|ilh}sh. fcbse}h.ibc|bc}h c}h }cbe`n`gih. tcb}`|c ilinh. fi|sgh||ce tcb}`|ch%%%)chgs}ch% Hb}`|cce ns||hnmc c|cksh chgs}ch. hb}`|ccbth|cb` ghiec|hb` bimccbie ms}ce n`}s|h khinh chgs}ch&th|che ms}ce l`}c|ch c}h c|hgi}cb` hfhnkceh clhnsh}s hfhn

ih}cb`) c}h lct}c hb}`|c lh}scbib` sli ih}cb` c}h }hnmchbt`|}cb` ms}ce ghi}htseh chgs}ch c|c gh||he}ib`h mh%

Lct}hnmc. hb}`|cci ls|s h|i gh|cnh. th|che ms}ce cgiebisecm` jse}i`hb. lct}c hb}`|ccbie }|sbh}ce mi}s}ce lhnihli+mccb c}h hb}`|cce bèq|`kit` cm` ie}c|cthb th|ch|ce hfhn+kceh|ce ghiecb` iej`|khi`h ckhe michgsbc% F`||cbielh}c|h. hb}`|c lhbì}hb mhbh||ce iej`|khi` c}h ohbie}h+|hb` th|limch itnh}ch c|c gh||he}i}tsh mh. ct}|h}cgihlc||ihb j`|ksnh}s c}h th|ch miehkih}cb`%

Hb}`|cce h|}cb` fh||ckhehb &j`|khnhb ehfi iej`|khnhb) h|}i+bsnh}cb` c||ckie}h cm` kcbheitk` lh}sb lcfh|b` mi|h% ]|ct+eh cm` kcbheitk` f`|ic}he ibstib` msgs fh||ckhe f`|ice li|+}shn}htseh &IB]ce c|hlinqceh? limc`bèjc|ce}ihb. iej`|kh}ibhq|`g|hkhb. ie}c|ec}%%%). }cbe`n`gih c}h hmkieit}|hi` ibstqcgi+}ib cg`bi}cb` q|ckih. kc}`m`n`gih. iej`|khi` tit}ckhb &linc+|hb. }v`t}cehb. j`|`hb. bè}tcinshb) c}h khi}htseh% F`||chghie. gh||he}ib`h mh th|ch mitcieh}cb`. khe}ce}cb` c}hmiehkih}cb` qnhegie}h ct}|h}cgib`h|ce khinh%

Cthe msgsec. th|che sbi cm` ehlh|i mhi}cbcce lhnihli+mchb qh|}cbh}ce mi|h. cth}c lh}c|hb`. lhnihlimc cbè`ki+b`hb &ielc|}ti`hb. cbh|qcehb. mi|snhgse}hb%%%). gih lhnih+limchb &}cbeibh|ihb. scemh|ihb%%%) cm` li}h|}cb` kh}c|ih+

nhb &iet}hnhi`hb. khbiehb. iej`|kh}ibh cbiq`hb%%%)% Hnhlhi+eh. sbi c mhi}cbcce lhnihlimchb c|c qh|}cbh}ce mi|h.fhnh e`nh. iej`|khi`h. q|ct}hbse}h. `|gheihi` lh}checm` lc|c bimcc}he kc}h}s}hb` ohbie}h% Gcficec}he. ghiec+



8 Ie}|`msddiôe

84

|h. cnbh|nheh|ce c}h th|che nhe cgie c}h lc||ibse}h i}s||i

ih}cb` ìeh||ib` h||hìh f`|ivc ih}ce mh% F`|}h.gh||he}i}tsh mh hb}`|cce h|}che gith f`||c}hb` lhnihlimc+hb celh}c|hie` c}h e`nh }|sbh}ce mi|ce cfh}ch% Ghiec+|h. th|che nheche h|i gh|cnh. hb}`|ccb lc|ce hfhnkceh|ceh|hlc|h lhnihlimchb cnbh||i ctbhie}cb` limc sgh|i mhsmc%

Th|che nhe cgi}chb ckhi}hb cbh||i lcfh| mi}s hbceche.ckhi}h cfh}hb. lct}cnh. hb}`|ccb lhnihlimchb qh|}cbh}+cb` ms}ce ie}c|cthb lcfc|h cgieg` ms% Lhnihlimcci ls|scthe msgseh|ce fh|i}ib. ckhi}hb c|c hgc|ib`hg`hb cm`cbs}shg`hb ihe mhi}cbc% Ckhi}h. e`nhehfi c|c mce. ch+||i}hb` fcnls|sce &fcnls|s b`ksehb ehfi lh}scehb). ie}c+|cth|ce. bèq|`kit` c}h cnbh|nhe khinh|ce. c|hginc k`}h|ce

&qslnib`h. q|ilh}sh. fcbse}h) c}h i|itkce cm` q|ìcbi`h+|ce h|hlc|h lhn`|h}sb` mh%

Lc|h. fèhb` hnmc|mic}he. lct}chb lct}c. n`| }s}hb` ckhi}hcfh}ci ls|s fi} cgie lcfh| msgs? cgi}htk`hb. ibc|bc}hnc||`hb. iej`|khi` bhehnhb. ohbie}h|ce }|hetjc|ce}ih. gihlhnihlimcce q|ct}hbse}h c}h `|gheihi`ce ibhtbse}h.htit}ce}ih }cbeib`h. li}h|}cb`}h. tiec|gih. b`t}shb ks||i}sc}h lhnihlimchb f`lc}` c|hlin}ch. lhbimc c}h kc|bh}slc||ice i|cbi}ch. ègih}c c}h hlc|ht}htse ibstqcgi}ib li+}henc gcfihg`|cegheh i|it}ch c}h hlh|%

Th|che nhe cgi}ch|ce ès|hb

Ncfcehg` cthe msgsec. th|che nhe cgi}ch c}h ns||hnmclh}cb` hb}`|cce fh||ckhehb h|}ibsnh}ch jse}tcb` ncfih+b`|}htse jhb}`|ch mh ghs| }`bi gh|hqcec|hb` hgce}ice}h}%

Lhieh. c|}he mh}h. `|mch. ncfihb`|}htse f`|i0

Gs|c st}c. ncfihb`|}htseh|ce ibstqcgi}ib li hlhe}hinh ehgs+ti mi}s th|che nhe cgi}chb. hnmcb`hb mi|ce lct}c hnmc|mi lh}+sce i}s||i c|c ihe mhi}cbcce li hlhe}hinh% Fèh fckce?lhnihlimcc}h|h th|limch ctbhie}ch c}h ns||hnmcb` fh||ckh+ece c|migseche b`bh}ch%

Lhnihlimcc}h|h th|limch ih}ch|cbie hmic|hi ehfi msgshgce}icb lh}sc}he c ms}cnh mceh mcnhb` lhnihlimc|ib ih+}ce cm`. ihemh c|c. bhni}h}c c}h khinh }vibihg`b`hb ih}cemi|cnh. c}h f`||cb lct}c ecgì` cm` oh|msc|h hn`| lh}sc+}he th|}ch ghnh|h}ce micnh%

Ihe c|c. hgce}ice lhnihlimc cbè`kib`hb c mi|h ksgh+ghlchb c}h c ms}c ohbie}h lhbh| `t`h ih}ce. lc|cibi

lc||i}hinchb mi|ce c|cksc}he &cth}c lh}c|hb` IB]c}he)%Lc|h. hgce}icb lc|ce cgiebiseh|i ls|sb` g`g`c}h cgiec}h oh|ms}cb` c|cmsh li|j`|ksnh}s lcfh| ms}cnh c}h lct}ckc}`m` lh}scbie lct}c hn`| lh}sb o`||h}s c}h nhems lcfh|

mi}s}cnh èh|}ce lhmsgs. `fh|}sb` gh|h iej`|khi` c}h

ohbie}h f`|icb mi|cnh lhnihlimc c}h hb}il`|ib gh||he}i}tsc+ehb. iej`|khi` c}h ohbie}h f`|icb mi|cnh ceq|cth. `|ghei+hi` c}h ns||hnmcce h|}cb` ncfih c}h lc||ibse}h|ce jse}tc+b` gin}h% Th|che nhe cgi}chb lhnihlimc f`|icb ctbs|h ih}c+b`. bsmch}cb` c}h ncfihe lct}c khinh lh}che b`bh}cb`hsbc|h mhbh|. lhi}h lct}c lcfh||ihe lh}sb mi}s}ce hn`+||c}h|h th|}cb` hsbc|h c}h q|`lc}vs h}c|h}cb` hsbc|h c|c%

Th|che nhe cgi}chb. ghiec|h. lct}c lhnihlimc lh}sb&lc||ihb) ctbs|h oh|}ch ghie. lhnihlimc q|`qi`ci c||ce}h+gh||i}htse fhemihg`h h}c|h}cb`. }cbe`n`gih lc||ihb }vc|}h}+cb` b`t}shb gs}vi}cb` c}h ielc|}ti`ce h||itbsh cnbh||cbielheh}cb` hsbc|h ckh}ce ms% Hbce ls|she. oh|ms}cb` ghi+

}htseh fhemi}s c}h f`lc}cb` hsbc|h ckh}ce ms%

Lct}c hnmc lh}c}ib. th|che nhe cgi}cb` hfhncgiehb lhms hfh+}s cie mce lct}c èm`|i` lh} c|c. hb}`|c c}h bè}hb}sceb`qs|sh c}h bhni}h}ch. fhie ost}s% Iegs|sh|i c||cqh|h}celhmi`gs. c||h ibstib` mi}sgs nhe ie}c|ctgh||ihb cgi}ce h|imi|ce hb}`|c c}h c|hbsemchb. lct}c kc}`m`n`gih lh}sb mh|h+lin}h}cehb. he}`nhbse}h tit}ckh c}h ohbie}h c|cks lc||ihbh|hbh}ce h|i mi|cehb% Hb}`|c f`|ice nhehb c}h cgi}ce h|imi|ce limchb ie}c|ct gcfihg` cm` gs}vihg` iheg` ms gs|c}+h}. gs|c oh|msc|h|ce h|hlc|h. lhieh hb}`|c f`|icbie fh||c+khec}he oh||i c}h cgi}ce h|i mi|ceh chgs}chb. f`| h|i mi|c+

nh ohbi}chb. hsbc|h c}h cgi}htk`hb t`| mi}hbc}c st}cbhlche%

Fh||ckhe cm` bè}hb}s f`|icb cjcb}s limc|bh}hinch ih}cems}c. lct}c hb}`|c c}h kc|bh}s lh}scbie fh||ckhec}he oh|}celhibhi}s}c. lct}cnh i|it}c|ib iheg` c gcesbcce hb}`|c c}hkc|bh}scbie% Lc|h. f`||ce limc. ns||hnmch|ce cbè`kih c}hgih|}c gh|hqcec|hb` q|`ctsce c|migseche b`bh}ce gh|hc}h c|hgi}cb` hfhnkceh ctbs|h}ce msgs% F`||cnh c lhmh `t`hinh mh b`bhqce c}h hfhnkce f`|i ctbs|h}ce% B`bhqce ct}|h+}cgib` f`|i hgce}icb ctbs|h}s lcfh| ms}ce hb}il`h mh. lc|cecgi}cb`h lhn`|ih}s hfhn ih}cb` c}h t`|}ce mi|ce q|`cts c}hcgi}htk`c}he nimc|g`h ihe c}h ls|s ih}cb`%

C|migsecb` b`bhqceh bè}hb}sc}he ìeh||i}ce mh. gs|ciegs|she gc|}h}ce mceh|i ls|sb` iej`|khi` c}h chgs}+he. c}h f`||cb th|chb tst}h}s c}h bsmch}ch. qh|}c fh|}chc}h c|hlhbi}ch. c}h gh|hqce q|`ctsc}he nhebimc}he h|i}+ch c}h hs||c|h cgi}ch hfhnlimc}ce ms%

Th|che limc|h}s}hb` bsmchbc}hqslnib`h|ce c|cms lc||i lh}celcfh||h

Th|cce chsgh||i lh}sb nhls|+nhls| hhnms c}h. lh}ib lh}.th|chb bsmch}chb mhbh|}he hlhe}hinhb hgc|ihe s}i èm`+|ce. gh||he}i}tsh i|smi}ce higs fcmh}sceh mhg`ce th|che



8=

nhe cgi}cb` c|cms qslnib`h fiqimc fh|}ch. nhec|hb` hgi|i

fèc}he hs|bc}sb` msgse c|cmsh|cbie hnmc|h}cb`%Fhtic|he. ihc|h qslnib`b` th|chb hiqh}s mi}sgseche. th|cf`|ice chsgh||i lc|cinc gith. j`|khn}htse c}h fic|h|bih+i` khinh hn}sb` th|chb mi|cnh hmic|hi msgs% C|hbsemccbkcemcb`}htse fhemib` c}h hs}è`kih gs}vib` c}h ls|`b|h+i`h c}h hmkieit}|hi` bèqncvs}htse fhemib` nhebimc}hc|cmshb gh|h}ce mi}s}c%

Hmilimc gith. }`bib` hgie}cce c|hlhbihb lct}c hgie}c khinhlh}sce c|hlhbice kceqc mhsmc% Ligh||ce khinh f`|icbscecb` iej`|khi` gs}vihg`h lhieh lhnihlimc gcfihgìh}ce ms}c% @em`|i`. hgie}c khinh clc|miece h|}cb` nhe+

bimc}h tit}ckh lh} t`|}ce mh. fcnls|s ohbiec}h|hb` mi|snh+gse}c}he khki}ce mceh. c}h. lc|h. }`bib` hgie}ccb mi|s+nhgse}hb ctbh}ce mi}s}c mcihnmih cgie msce hgie}chb&ce}|hnh. Hs}è`kih C|bimcg`b`h. J`|s Hnmsemib`h%%%) ch+||i}hb` ctbhbiseci n`}s}h% F`|i f`||cnh iheib. mi|s th||c|hlc|}ibhnce jnsvsh. lh}c}ib. c mh mcel`|he oh||hi}sh. c}h.lct}c}ib. fhs}hb`h mh. c}h g`|hg`b` hgie}c khince ncfce+}htse c}h fcnls|scb lhnmie}h}ce ms}c. th||i smhn hgie}ccefcnls|s c}h ncfce}htsecbie lh} c mh}`cecb%

Lct}c c|hbsemc lh}sce fic|h|bih|i n`}s}hb` smhn jiehe}+hbc}h tit}ckh lh} ch|}ce mh. cqc nhls||cb` ibstqcgih

msceh c}h mi|s nhgsems}hb` c|li}shb c|h c||cgsnh||c+he ctbhie}ch c}h c|li}s f`|ici oh||hiqceh ckh}ch lc|+kh}ce c msceh% F`||cb gs}ihb èm`|i` bhn}cgh||ihbmi}s }`bi c|hbsemcce jiehe}hbc}h ehfib`}htseche c}hqnhegie}h ct}|h}cgib`hb gh|h}cb` hfhnkceche c}h c|h+lhbi}cb` hfhnkceche%

]`bi c|hbsemcce jiehe}hbc}h ehfib`}htsehb cmh||i}cemi}s }`bib` hs}è`kih|ce lcec+}hb` hsbc|hb. cbè`kih lhnihli+mc ehfib`|ib c lhmh }`bib`hs}è`kih|ce q|ie}iqi`h hi}`|+qce j`|khn fs}th lhiib clhi}h%

F`|}h. mitcies. fcnls|s c}hqnhegie}h|i ghg`bi`nh. cielcec}he c}h c|h c|hgieb`||cheqh|}c fh|}s%

C|cms qslnib` }|hmiièhnh|cechsgh||i f`|icb c mi|h c|hgie+b`||hb }`bib` c|ckshe ehfic|cks gn`lhnche miehkihi`c}h ncfihb`|}htseh h|chg`}cb`

q|`cts lh}i hs||c cgi}cb`%

Ghiec|h. c|hbsemc qslnib`cbtit}ckh f`||c}h}ib fh|h}hg`

hlhn}ce ms}c c|hbsemc h|}che o`bh}cb` c|cms f`|i. ihe

c|c lct}c hb}`|c lh}scbie mi}s}ce fh||ckhehb mi|snhgse}+c}he ieh||i}ce mi|h htb`}he. c|hlhbi}cb` c}h mcjiei}cb`q|`ctsc}he hb}`|ccb c|h hb}il`he qh|}c fh|}s ghlc% @em`+b` i|smihb hgc|}ce mscec. hmkieit}|hi`hb limc|h}s}hb`cbikcecb ès|hmseceghe c|hgie sceh ms}ce li}h|}che.hnmc|he}ib` jnsvsh c|hbsemcce `thghicb `}`qh}ce ms}c&ls|`b|hi`hb. hmkieit}|hi` q|`cms|hb%%%)%

C|cks q|ilh}she gh|h}s mce th|che nhe cgi}cb` c|cmsh ct}h+}ib`h mh. th|chb cgi}htk`ce limc t`|}ce mi}sceh% Hnhlhi+eh. th|c f`||c}he jse}tcb`h c mh cgi}htk`h. mceh mcnhb`hmkieit}|hi`h c}h jiehe}hbc}h lhiib% F`||ce èm`|i`.hnmc lh}c}ib. hmkieit}|hi`h|ce}h} ie}c|cth ms}ce cgi}htk`+

hb ih}ce mi|h ehgsti c}h. lct}c hnmc lh}c}ib. ksgh}s cgi}cemh cgi}htk`hb mitcieh}s. fcnls|shb cfh}s c}h qnhegie}hcgi}cb` qh|}c fh|}ch% F`||celct}c. c mh lcec}he lc||i}+hinch mce }|sbc|ib c}h ibhtbse}h miehkibh tst}h}sb` msceli e`|hlimcb` jnsvs|ib t`|}ce%

@em`|i`h kcemcb`}htseh c}h hs}è`kih ch mh. c}h f`||cblcec}hb` cnbh|nheche c}h cnbh||cbib` kcemcb`}htsecheìeh||i}s}hb` fh||ckheh ciecb` cgi}ce ms c}h ctbs|hgh+||i}htseh. bèjihe}h c}h c|hgieb`|}htseh hfsnh|hi%

Lcfh||cb`h mh ie}c|cthb mcce}|hnih}ch c}h fcti hmki+

eit}|h}il`hb c}h q`ni}ib`hb chlh}ch. nhebimc}h q|`ctscilcec}he limc ckh}cb`. q|`cts f`|ice limc fh||ckhecbihc|h lc|cinchg`h ihe mch}ce. lc|cfhnhb`hg`hb c}hfs|linhg`b`hb. gh|mcehg`hb c}h tieqnchg`hb. bhni}h}c fhe+mihg`b`hb ihe mhi}cce c}h qh|}c fh|}hinc gs}ice cbh|+qce f`lchb ihe mi}h}ce%

C|hbsemcqslnib`h

Ls|`b|hzih

Tit}ckhhmkieit}|h}il`h

Ncgcmih

@es|hmsehbHb}`|chbGizh|}ch

Mcb|c}shbQ`ni}ibhb

Cgi}htk`hb

Qnhegie}zhI}s||ih? gcsb cgieh



83

Ih}c. th|che h|i gh|h nheche. ehfi c}h qnheijibh}s ghlc

c}h ihc|h ct}|h}cgib`|ib ghlc h|i}s. ihe c|c cnbh|nhecheh|i}cb` th|chb t`|}ce mi}sgs. gs|c ns||hnmc c|ckshe jse}+tcb`hb mi|ce hb}`|chb fh||ckhec}he oh|}ce mi}sgs c}hègih}ch c}h hlc|ht}htseh t`|}cb` gs|c st}c lcfh| mcef`||ce fh|i}ib imcih c}h cgi}htk`hb limc|h}ce mi}sgs% F`|+}h. hsih ghsh lc|lc|h cgi}che mh}h. lhieh ihc|h ct}|h+}cgib`hg`h|cbie. lct}cnh cthe. th|ch hs||c qce}th}s c}hh}c|}s}h cfse}ch. gh|hqceh|ce miehkibhe b`bhqce iemh|}+tshg`h c}h c|hgieb`||hg`h ih}cb`%

Gs|c vcmc ehgstih gs|c oh|msc|h ctqh||sh|ce gih|}c c}h cb`+e`kih gh|hqceh tst}h}ch mh c}h. f`||c}h|hb`. f`|i hfhnib c}hèm`ce cgi}cb`. e`nh c}h e`|cbie cgie h}c|}s lcfh| msgs%

F`||c}h|hb` ibstqcgi ct}|h}cgib`h ihe lcfh| msgs c}h gs|cns||hnmc c|cksb` gih bhqi}hnh t`|}s c}h ksgih|h}cb` q|`c+tshb h|}ibsnh}s lcfh| mi}sgs. }`bib` ctqh||she ès|h c}h gh|h+qceh cbh|}cb` cielct}cb`h mce lc||ibse}h tst}h}cb`%

Kheb`ksei}h}c. qh|}sc|g` c}h ctbshnmcb` hgce}ihb th|c+nheche ieh||i}ce mi|h% Ctbshnmc gith o`bh}cb` ct}|h}cgihbth|che nhe cgi}ch|ce jin`t`jih c}h fhielh} chsgh||i mi}s.c}h. f`||cvcgh}ib. bè}she fh|}cb`h mcnh c}h ibstqcgi lc|c+}ib f`|ice gh|hqceh h|i ghi}cbccnh st}c msgs%

Smhnh ghiecb` cnbh|}chb t`|}ch c hi` `| lct}c|ib ghlc

ns||hnmch lheh}cb` i|iqimch|i. cbè`kih c|h `|cbh}shegh|h}cb` ct}|h}cgih|i lhiib% Ct}|h}cgih f`||c}he fhielh}cbikce c}h cgi}htk` b`kse limc|h}ce mi|h. cbiqhkcemshbc}h hqicgi}s|hb lheh}ce mi|h c}h smhnh ghiecb` c|li}+shb bsmch}ce mi|h%

Ctbshnmc gith o`bh}cb` c|cmsh `t` gh|h}s}h mhg` Bh}hns+eihe. ihe c|c Bh}hnseihb` ns||hnmch ctbshnmcceh mcnhcfh}ce ms}c c}h smhnc||i c}h ctbshnmcc}he cgi}s|h}cems}c% F`|i f`||cnh iheib. ctbshnmc c}h kc}|`q`ni h|cc}hecbè`kih tst}h}cb` c|hbsemchb hs|bi}ce mi}sgs. fcnls|sb`kseh n`|}c hnmc|h smhnc||ice h|}cb` b``|miehi` c}h nhe+bimc}h|ce hmilimc|ib gh|liceh c|hbs}ti% Cnbh|gsechb linh+}s c}h gh|hqce q|`cts b`ksehb h|}ibsnh}ce mi|h. lc}ic|clhbì}h|ce chsgh||ihb c||ctqc}h}s. c}h cbikcehb mitci+eh}ce c}h limc|h}ce c|h hb}il`he qh|}c fh|}ce ms}c%

C|cms f`||cb fhielh} cgi}htk` limc|h}cb` c}h fhielh} c|+li}s ctbhie}cb` lcfh| mce ecs||ih ih}cb` hsbc|h ckh}cems c}h. limcehlh|. sei}h}c `qc|h}il` linhbh}ce mh c}`|bi+seche ns||hnmch he}`nh}cb`%

]`bib` th|cce tst}hqceh

Hbce s|}c`}he. }`bi gh|hqce}h} ns||hnmc c|cks lh} fh|}smsgs. }`bib` cbìqce cgi}s|h lc|cinche ìeh||i}s}hb`

lhnihlimc ksn}` lh}. }`bib` nhe kc|bh}sh. ceq|cth ghi}htse

lc|cinch. eh}s| lhnihlimc ohbie lh}sb c}h gih|}c c}h q`ni+}ibh cgi}s|h ohbie lh} mi}sceh. c}h }`bib` cbè`kih|ce fh+bsemch f`|ice h|hlc|h h|}ibsnh}ce mcnh cthe msgs%

Ncfihb`|}htseh|i fi|i. kheb`ksei}h}c cm` ctbshnmc ibstqc+gi}ib c||cqh|h}ce lhmi`gs. ns||hnmch he}`nh}cb` fh|}cemsgse cs|`qh| ibstqcgih|ce h|hlc|h. `fh|}sb` gh|h fi|ihbc|hgincce &q|`jctièhn. bsn}s| c|hginc. fcbse}hb` c|hginc.ibc|nh|i%%%) h|}cb` fh||ckhece mce}ti}h}ch limc|bh}s cgi}cemscnh. lct}cnh cthe. tiec|gihb h|chg`}s cgi}ce mi}scnh%

] bib` gih|}c c}h cbè`kih|ce c||chni}h}che fhielh} c}h fhie+lh} c|hginc c}h c|hbsemc hgc|}ce hibigs. c|cks f`||c}he

mifh|ms}cehb% Lc|h. th|chb tst}h}s c}h bsmch}cb`. ncfceibc}h lcfie qh|}ec| q`}ce}ihnhb h}ckhe lcfh| mi}sgs%

Lct}chb h}c|}s lcfh| mi}sgs. c}h gcs|c ls|sh c|c lhi% Gs|ciemh||h c}h hfsn}htseh c|}he mh}he ohbie lcfh| msgs.lhieh lhi}h ns||hnmch|ce gin}h c}h ghb` mi|ce hb}`|chb ch+gs}s c|c% _cie}sb mi|ce. c| cgi}ce ms}ce. tcb}`|c lc||i}hi+nchb cie}sb mi|ce. eè mhsmce. c||cjc|ce}ihb` ceq|cthbcie}sb mi|ce. c| e`nhb` lcfh||hb mi}s}ce%%% F`||cbie gs+}ih|cbie. c|}he gh|ce ohbie lcfh| msgs. c| e`nhb` hsbc|hbc}h hsbc|h f`|icb cg`bi lhnih}cb` c| e`nhb` ghi}htsehbmi}sgse ibsti hfhn ih}cb`% Ncfce cthe msgs hgce}icb c

ms}cnh chgs}h lhbh| c}h `t`|ib% Hnhlhieh. ch|ihe+ch|ihelc|ce be`w f`w t`|}s ms}c% E`nh cgie ohbi}c f`||cb c||ce}h+gh||i}htseh t`| mchbc cm` lh|eche }|hetjc|i}s mhi}cbc. c}hf`||cbie fhielh} ès|h n`| mhi}cbc jiehe}hbc}h q|`qi`h|imhg`bièc ehfi c|li}s lc||ihb ctbhie}ch|i mhg`bièc%

Cnbh||c|hgi}chb c}h fh||ckhehb cfse}chb is|ghlc}htsecg`c|h c}h e`|lc|c ksghb èh|}ch cthe ehfi ms. lhiehlct}c oh||c|h lh}cbie. cg`bi}cb` c}h ncfih}cb` oh||c|h|c+bie. c}h c lc|c f`||c}he gcnmi}s c}h c}tih fh|}cb` oh||c|h+|cbie% Th|che nhe cgi}chb oh|ms}cb` lct}c miehkibh lh}mhbh|. ct}|h}cgib`h c}h hnmi lc|che khngsh. ns||hnmch|cec}h lcfh||ce ibstqcgi `t`hg`h msceh% C}h. f`||cb gs}ihb.c|li}s lc||i}hinchb c}h ncfihb`||hb ctbhie}ch mhbh|%

Lhnihlimchb ibhtbse}h|ce limc ctbs|h}ce mi|h c}h th|chmh f`||c}h|hb` }|cteh. lhieh cielct}cb`h mh ibhti ehfi ih+}ch% Ibhtbse}hb li hnmhc|h mi}s? lct}cceghemib ibht}ce msgsc}h lct}ccbie ibht}ce msgs% Lc|h. hnmc lh}c}ib. lcedfkh|+bieg qivbh lh} cgie c}h }cbeibhb ibhti c}h c|cmshb cg`bi}cemi}sgs. lhieh. lct}c hnmc lh}c}ib. cnbh|nheche h|i}ce ibht}cemsgs. ecgìh}ce c}h lh}ce% Fhnh c|c. hqikh||h}s cgieehfi msgs ibht}cb` g`g`h c}h g|ieh lcfh| mcnh c}h f`||c}h+|hb` oh||c|h c}h qce}thk`nmch jse}tcb`hb mi|cnh%

_c|}he h|i mi|ce ohbie lcfh| msgs c}h fh||ckhec}he oh||ilcfh| msgs. lh}ib lh}. lc||ibse}h c}h ohbie}h|hb` ce}|`c+bie &seilc|}ti}h}chb. ibc|bc}h ce}|`hb. }cbe`n`gih ce}|`hb.qslnib`hb cie q|ilh}shb)% Gsec f`|ic}he h|i mi|h t`|}ce

= Lh|ecb` th|chb



8:

c}h gh|h}ce kc|bh}sh ctbh}ce h|i mce cm` ctbh}sb` mi}sce

lhnihlimc c}h q|`msb}s ehgstihb%Lct}cnh cth}cb`. hnmc lh}c}ib. ìeh||ib`h mh iej`|khi`hctbs|h ih}ch. lhieh lhi}h b`kseibhi` bhehnhb ih}ch c|c%@t` mh gh||he}i}tsh fh||ckhe h|ie c}h c||hh ih}ch. cgi+}ce h|i mi|ceh|ce ohbieh|ce ghieche cg`}cb` c}h lc||i}hincmi|ce h|n`c}hb` ibc|bc}h nc||`. j`|` c}h ohbie}h th|cc}h|hi|it}cb` limch ih}cb`% F`||cb `fib` h|n`c}he ibstqcgilc||icbie o`bh}cb` ehfi h|n` lc||ic}he qnhegie}hb cgiec}h oh|ms}cb` hlhe}hinh ih}cb` hsbc|h ckheg` migs%

F`||ch ghie. hfhncgieh cgie lcfh| mh iegs|sb` ceq|ctc+bie fh||ckhehb ih}cb` &j`|khn}htse khinh gcfihg` cm` gs}+

vihg`b`hb) c}h lh}c c|c lc||i}hinccehb mi|cecbie% Fs|lin+}htseh c}h ctqc|ice}ih c|hlini c}h ceq|cth f`|ice lcfh| c}hbcbci ls|sb` iej`|khi` sceh ctbs|h}s lcfh| msgs%Cbè`kih|ce c}h ceq|ctce }ct}siegs|sh|ce oh||hiqceh cgiec}h iej`|khi` cgsec|h}sh lcfh| msgs. gs|c ghi}htsehbcg`bi}s c}h }ct}siegs|s f`||ce ctbhbiseci hs||c cgi}cb`%

Hs||cb` qh|hg|hj`he fs|lin}htseh hiqh}s msgs. ihe c|cfs|lin cg`}ch hgce}icb ce}s lhnih}s lcfh| ms}ce jhb}`+|ch mh hfhnkce fhemihg`h ms}ce c}h i|itkce fhemihg`hms}ce lct}c hb}`|c lh}scbie ncfih}s hfhn ih}cb`% Fs|lin}h+tsehb bèjihe}h t`|}ce ms c}h bèjihe}h jse}tcb`h mh

f`|iè}hn}htseche ìeh||i}ce mce c}h iej`|khi`h c}hohbie}h fh||ckhe iej`|khnce limc }|hetki}i}ce msce nhecgi}cb` c|cms lh}che%

C}h. hkhi}cb`. th|che nhe cgi}ch tst}h}ce lhmsgs c}h c|mi+gseche b`bh}s c}h nimc| cm` ls|s ihe ehfi lhmsgs. fh||c+khe ksn}` f`|i miehkih}s cgie lcfh| msgs. c}h i|hseh|h+

i% Oh||hiqceh cgie lcfh| mi`gs c}ceghlc. c}h e`|hlimch

cg`bi}s lcfh| mce gs}ic}he. lhnihlimchb f`lc}` c|hlini c}hhsbc|h c}h limc lc||ihb ih}cb`% F`||cvcgh}ib. fhie ost}s.lcfh|+lcfh||cb`h mh nimc|g` hb}il` lh}. lhbh||h cm` qh|+}cbh}sh. cnbh|}cb` c}h ecgìh}cb` kcbheitk`hb ch||ib`mi}sceh c}h }ct}siegs|sh h}c|}cb` c}h f`||i ls|sb` g`g`+c}hb cgi}cb` q|`ctshb t`|}s c}h limc|h}sb` mi}sceh%

E`nh i|smibh}s th|che nhe cgi}cb`gs|c nhe k`nmch

Gs|c fh||ckhe th|cce h|ghbihb cm` hb}`|c cm` cgi}htk`cfh} lh}ce bè}hb}sce khqhb cgi}ce fht}ce lhgh|h. hnmh+c|h sgh|i mhsmcnh c}h thghi ksn}` fhemi lh}cb qh|}c fh|}+ce mscnh `fh|}sb` gh|h &hb}`|chb. fh||ckhe k`}hb. }|het+jc|i}ce mi|ce lhnihlimchb. bèq|`kit` khinh%%%)% Lc|h.th|chb cm` bè}hb}sce khqhb i|smibh}ce mi}sgseche. c|ic||cqh|h}s ehfi mi`gse c|hlhbi lcfh| msgs%

I|smi c||h lh}sb ctbhieib` mi}sgs }`bi c|cksb` cgi}htk`c+}he fh||ckhe th|chb c| c}h e`nh c|h}ce mi|ce i|smibh}cb`%C mi|h cgi}htk` ohbie lh}ce hmic|hnc. htkh}s}hb` i|smihblhiib. bè}cq}s lh} itnh}ch lct}c fcnls|s|ib c ms}cehb%

Hs||ce+hs||ceh. g`|hg` cthe msgsec. jse}tcb`h mh hb}`+|cce khqh cfh}ch% 8% i|smih hmilimc c||h lh} mh. gs|ciegs|she hgc|}ce mi|ce c}h nheche h|i mi|ce c|hbsemc c}h`|gheihi` lh}sb ckh}ce mi}sceh% Fèh fckce?

Fi|sgh||ceTcb}`|ch

Cnbh|}c_ilinhb

Q|ct}hbse}zh_ce}|`h

Ceq|cthQslnib`h

Ceq|cthQ|ilh}sh

Lct}chb

C|hbsemcQslnib`hb

Ibc|bc}h_ce}|`h

_ce}|`]cbe`n`gib`h

Seilc|}ti}h}ch

Ceq|cthCnbh|}chb

Gh|hqceHgce}zih

8% i|smih2 I}s||ih? gcsb cgieh



8 Ie}|`msddiôe

87

Ncfce s||h}th mh f`|i. qh|}ec| q`}ce}ihnhb cie}sb mi|ce

cfh}cb`% Gc|`. ctbs|h msgse iej`|khi`h|ce c}h kh||h+}s ehfi mi}sgse hnmhc|ce h|hlc|h. hb}`|cce h|}cb` fh||ckhegs|s}h}shb kh||h}sb` mi}sgs% <% i|smihb hgc|}ce mscec.hb}`|c lh}cb cgi}htk`hb &Q) tst}h}ce mi}s c}h lct}c hb}`|ccbtst}h}s}hb` cgi}htk`c}he qh|}c fh|}ce ms% F`||ce èm`|i`.n`}s|h th|c lh} hgc|}ce mh. c}h th|c f`|i gsec cm` n`}secmi|ce `thghi ehgsti lh}sc}he c|hibi}ce mh. cgi}htk`c}he%

Fh||ckhe th|ch f`||cnh i|smibh}ce lhmsgs. iej`|khi`sgh|i itnh}sb` msgs? cgi}htk` tst}h}hinc cie}sb mi|ce. lct+}cb tst}h}s}hb` cgi}htk`c}he qh|}c fh|}s lhiib cgi}ce cms}cehb cie}sb mi|ce. ih fh||ckheib c ms}cehb cie}sb

mi|ce. fh||ckhehb th|cb` n`}sec gcficecbie cie}sb mi}s+

}ce. tst}h}s cm` t`|}ce ms}ce cgi}htk` b`qs|sh c}h oht`}cems}ce cnbh|nhe b`qs|sh mcnh c}h c|hginc ie}c|ctgh||icehbcie}sb mi|ce c}h hlh|% I|smi f`||cb. hbce lh}che. gs|ciegs|she th|che e`nh nhe cgi}ce h|i gh|ce hmic|hib` migs%Li hmilimc hiqh}cb`. th|che eè b`bh}ce gh|ce &c|migsec+h|cbib`) cm` gs|c fh||ckhece ie}ce}ti}h}ch e`nhb`h mcehmic|hib` migs% C}h lct}c f`||celct}c ghiec|hb` hb}`|ccbie%

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bse}h c}h f`lcbse}h f`|icb lc|cfhnh lh|ec|h}s c}h f`lc}+ce mi}s}c%



<<

Mceh mcnh. bheq` fh||ckhehb gh|h}s ehfi mi}s}cecb hin+

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GH\HQCE c}h bheq`b` th|ccbienhebimc}zh

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|h}sb` mi}sce th|c gith c}h }`bib` c|ckshe oh|ms}cb` b`fc+ti` c}h nhebimc}h }|cteh gith% Mceh mcnh. f`||c ghie. bhe+q`|h h}c|h}cb` c}h g`|hg`b` khinh c}h ns||hnmc c|cksc}h+b` hb}`|ccbie fh||ckhec}he oh|}cb` msce hfhnkceh c|cfi} cgie ni}cbc%

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Ncfcemhliib h|i c||cqh|h}s gc|`. hgce}ice lhnihlimc c}hoh|msc|cb bheq`b` ksgh c}h lhnmie}h ehlh|kcehb ih}cemi}s}c c}h t` hinh ih}ce mh f`|ici c|hgi}ce% Ghiec|h. }`bi

c|ckshe ncfih fhemib` oh|msc|h c|cksc}he nhe cgi}chb c}hfcnmshb mi|ce tcb}`|cce q|ctce}ihb lcfh||cb` cgi}ce ms}ccbè`kih c}h cbìqceh milc|}tijibh}ch%

F`|i c}`| ni}cbc fh||ckhe gcfihg` cm` gs}vihg` ms}ce c|+

li}s cm` oh|msc|c}h}ib. c}h f`|ic}he hgce}icb be`w f`wcm` ohbie}h cg`bih ihe mchbc}c. lcc|` qslnib` cie q|i+lh}scb lhn`|h}ce ms}ceh%

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ct}|h}cgib`h hlhnhg`h. c}h hnmi lc|che cchgsehg`hc}h bèqncvshg`h. mce ns||hnmc c|cks lh}c|h c|hkhemchbcgs%

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Bheq`b` th|cce lct}c hnmc|mih ehi` ehfi ehi`h|}cb`

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C msgs. hnhlhieh. ncfcemib mh}`ce th|cc}he c}h tcem`}s+}h mhsmce th|cc}he cgè c}h oh|ms}cb` hsbc|h lhnih}s lcfh|tìnib% F`||cbie lh}c|h th|chb. fh||ckhehb c}h bheq`b`hb}`|ccbib` fh||ckhehb t`|}s c}h tst}h}s lcfh| mi}sgs. f`|lhi}h}h lcec}hb` iemh||h c}h c|hgi}cb` c}h c|migsecheb`bh}cb` hfhnkceh% Th|chb c}h fh||ckhehb t`|}s c}h q|`+ctshb limc|h mi}hbcgs. ls|s c}h nimc| ihe ghi}cbc ie}c+|ct |`b`||cb` ehfi cfh}cb` cgi}htk`c}he% F`||cnh o`bh+}s gc|`. th|che cgiemhb` nheh|i ihc|h ct}|h}cgib`h ckh+}ce h|ib` gh|h. }`bi c|ckshe lchnh c|cks fèc}he c|cncfihe hlhe}hinh ckheg` migse ihc|h%

Ghiec|h. fi|ici limc ckh}ce mic lct}cce ctqc|ice}ihb lcfh+||ce h|hlc|h e`|lc|c ls|sh|i cg`bi}s c}h k`nmh}cb`. c}hf`||cb lc||ibse}h|hb` miehkibh hlih|h}ce ms. c}h. èm`+|i`. hb}`|chb lcfh|}s}h mhsmc thihbse}hb cgie c}h f`lc}+



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Ncfcemhlii. Csbce Tcté ohsehb. Mè`t}ihb` Tst}hqcehb`

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ts f`|ic}he th|chb. th|cce t`||c|h c}h th|chb tst}h}ch jse}+tcb`h mcnh bè}she fh|}s}h%

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Li thi` f`|ice èm`|ce. i|i}ih ckh}cb` }vhemh c}`||i cec}h. qh|}cfh|}hinccb. gcfice+gcficec}he. hgi|i fèc}hehgc|}ce mi|ce bcbhb c}h gin}h||i o`}ce mi|ce hnmc|mihbhiqh}s i}s}ce? th|cce gh||he}ih c}h lhni`h. lh}ib lh} }`bic|ckshe. ncfihb`|}htse jhb}`|c gith c}h gh|hqceh c}h lc||i+bse}h n`|}cb` gin}h gith%

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Th|che nhe cgi}ch|cbie lh}c|h mh}`||ce imcih gh||he}i}tshlc||ibse}h bè}cq}sh mh% T`nhtbimch cth}ce h|i higsehce}s}ce msgseche b`kseibhi` c}h cnbh||ibc}h q|`ctslh} t`|}ce mh. c}h f`||cb imcih lc||ihb t`|}cb` hsbc|h

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ns||hnmch|ce hmilimc}h} fh|}s ihe mh% Fhnh c|c. c msgsf`||ce em` chgs}ce lc||ibse}h f`|i e`nh t`|}s mce. c}h.cfh}hg` cth}cb`. lc||ibse}h f`||c}he fh||ckhecb. bè+qnii}h}chb. nhe c|cksb` c}h bheq`b` cnbh||ibc}cb c}h cnbh+||cbib` kceqcb`}htsehb c| e`nhb` gh||he}ih ms}ce% Tini+dè Zhnncy lc||ibse}h mh th|c mcnhb`%

F`|}h. bè}cq}s gith. th|chb c mi|h i|}celimc. c mi|hgc|` c}h bèqncvshg`h mce ksems fèce c||èbci hs||ccgi}cb` i|}celimc% Lhieh. cie msgs hnl`|h s}i th|chbh|h` c|c lhmi|cnh% Th|chb bsmch}chb h|h` sgh|i cbh|}+ce ms. c}h. f`||ce fh|i}ib. fhtic|he i|}celimc ceh h|h``qc|h}il` linhbh ni}cbc%

Ghiec|h. th|ccb mhbh|}h}ce bsmchbc}h h|h`ci cie micgshs||c cgie cgi}s|he cm` q|`cms|c}he ìeh||i}s}hb` `fibìbstqcgic}h}ib% Hsih c mh}h tìn+tìnib `|gheig|hkhf`lch cgi}che cm` nhe q|`cms|h cg`bihg`hb cfh}che%Bsmch}cb` bè}cq}s c}h }|cteh f`|icb t`|}s}h mhsmclhbì}hb lc|c cgiebiseh hfhnib c}h c|h|ib c|hgieb`||cec+he ls|s}cb`% Hnl`b`h|cbie fi} cgi}ch mcel`|h hnjc||ib ghn}+ch mh. lhbì}h lc|c hn`||cb` hmi}sh lhi}h. c}h. f`||ce+lct}c. c lhi}s cc| ibhtib` lct}c hn`| lh}cb` hmi}sh|cecthec}h}ib% Ghb`h c mhg`. f`||celct}c. cgi}s|he cm` q|`+cms|c}he% Ghb`h c}h i|}celimch fi} cgi}cb` g`g`he mhg`.

cnbh||ibc}h|ce c|hlingh||i}htseh msgse i|i}i c}h st}cc}he.hnl`b`h|cbie cnbh||c|hgieche h|i}cb` msgse g`g`he% Lct+}cnh cthe. th|chb bsmch}cb` hin}htseh. jse}tche. qh|}cfh|}ce h|i mi|ce c|hgincce ibstk`nmche mh}h. qh|}cbh}c+b` hnmc hs||cb` oh||c|h ih}che. cnbh||cbie hs||c|h cgi}cb`l`|èmh}che c}h lct}ccb cth}ce ms}ceh ce}s}cb` g`g`he%

Th||i f`|}vc gcnmi}ce gh|h% @eh|}ce msgs th|cce gh||he}+ih. hi}`|}ce msgs bsmch}chb mhbh|}he hin}htsehb. hmic+|h}ce msgs c|hgi}ce `t` hin mi|ce lhni` c}h oh||c|c}heìeh||i}ce mi|cnh. c}h. hbceche. hin}htse f`|ic}he lhlct+}s c}h ghih hnmc lh}c|h s}ce msgs% Lcfh|+lcfh||cb h mh.`|mch. lct}c s||h}t lh} cgi}ch. lct}cnh c lhi}sgs c||c}`|i+bh}ib q|hb}ibh|h m`he ohsih cgieg`. bè}cq}sc}h}ib cbie}+h|h mhg`ce sn`h ghiemi}sb`% Lc|h. th|chb bsmch}cb`cielct}cb`hb mi|ce ghnmc|hb cgie lcfh| mibi`gs gcs|cls|sh|i? E`nh jse}ièh}ce ms th|c lh}cb0 E`|b b``|mieh}+ce ms0 E`|b cgi}ce ms ls|s 0 E`nh oh|}ce mh hlihe0 E`nhthifct}s th|ch|ce bèqncvs}htsehb lc|hb c gcnmih|h}ch0E`|b o`bh}ce ms lif`} c}h tst}h}hinc gith0 C}h e`|b ls|sc}h b``|mieh}hinc gith0

C msgs ghnmc|h f`|icb gs}ihb c|he}s}cb` htk`|ib. c}hfs||ib ckhe c|c% Lhieh thih}s thih}sb` gh|h th|chb jse}ièh}+cb` gs|c st}c jse}tcb`hb mi|ce hnmc|mici ls|sb` h||ht}`|ce

lh} ckh}ce% Bsmch}ch h|ib` gh|h f`|}h. ehfi c}h bsmch+bc}h|ce fibc|he gcficgi hgc|}ce c mi|ce fi} c}h hmic|hbc|hlini% _cfh}hg` cth}cb`. „fh||ckhece nimc|g`h‛ c}h „bè+jihe}h‛ h|ib` gh|h. nhls| he}che lhmh c|c%

Th|chb c}h bsmchbc}hXsik L|sgsé i ]`||scnnh

Fc||i}h||ce Qh|}cfh|}c|hb` scemh|i ehgstihBh}hnseihb` Gcec|hni}h}ch



8 Ie}|`msddiôe

<7

Fh||ckhece nimc|g`h

Nimc|g`h. ncfceib c}h lcfie. b`bhqce gith fh|}s ihe mh }|h+mii`he% Nimc||h. fi} li}he cth}cb`. `|gheihi`h|ce ks}s+||che mhg`ceh mh. lsncg`h hbce t`nhi|she msceh% Gs|ccgse`}h|h fs|linms. gc|ce}ihnitk`hb „nimc|g` fc|ìb`‛icec lh}hih}s ms}ce f`||ce hnmc cgie ms hqst}s% Ibstk`n+mc f`||ce}h} nimc||h lhbh||ib mhlince l`||`bhnh|ih mh. i|}ce+limc gs}ihb mi}sceh. c}h. èm`|i`. `|gheihi`h lc|cghlcih c}h g|ieh }vh| gs}ic}h}ib htbh}sb` msceh% Li ibst+qcgi f`|icb ìeh||i+ìeh||ihe lh} cgi}ce ms}c? lhbì}hb.msce b`bhqcehgh}ib cm` msce ghi}htsehgh}ib. lc|c nhehcgi}ce ms%

Nimc|g` f`|icb th|chb `}`qh}ce mi}s}c. th|cce ih}chlc|h sbh}ce lhi}s}c% Cnbh||ibc}h c}h cnbh||c|hgieh sbh}cems}c c}h cth}ce lhbì}hb lc|c b`bhgsech mscnh c}h lhmh+g`cnh c| c|hlhbi lcfh| mce mhbiceib% Th|chb ctbh}cemsce nimc||hb. hnmc lh}c}ib. hi}`|}s lcfh| ms c mhbicnhmceh. c}h. lct}c hnmc lh}c}ib. ghsh ihe lcfh| ms fh||c+khehb c}h cnbh|}cb` gsechb hlih|h}cb`% Fh||ckhe nimc+||hb hfsnh mi|smi. ce}se cgie lcfh| mscnhb`. qhice}ihihe lcfh| mscnhb`. mcel`|h ctbhiei lcfh| mi`nhb` c}h lct+}cce cbh|qcehb èh|}cb` q|ct} hgc|}s lcfh| mscnhb`%Lhieh c|hgie fhemib` nimc||h ihe mhi}cbc% C mh gìhe.

lhiib c}h c|mihe% C ms cth}ce c| cgie lcfh| mce. lhiehc|hlhbihb fh|}cb` q|`ctshb tst}h}s c}h h|}ibsnh}ce mi}s%C mh nimc| lc}ch|hnch. lhieh jse}tcb` cgiebiseh lc}c}+ce ms li}h|}cb`}he c}h tst}hqceche%

Fh||ckhe nimc|g`h c mh ìeh||i}ce nhecb` qnhegie}he.lhiib c}h bèqncvsh mce iegs|she htb` c|c gh||he}ihfhemihg`h msce cgi}htk`he% Cgi}htk`h th|ch|ce lif`}hc}h ls|sh mh% Lif`}h cbi}c|h gh|hkh}he o`ksgh mcnhb`2ls|sh fhtic|he n`}s|h|ib ghlchb c}h thbhlheh}shb mi|smi}ce`thghihb o`ti c}h b`fc|ce}ih ckh}cb` ctceh i|smibh}cemscnhb`% Ls|s c}h lif`} ih}c f`||cb lc|hb kh||h}ce mi}sfh||ckhec}he ìeh||i}s}hb` nimc|g`h|ce chsgh||ihb? nins|h+|ce. c|hbh|gh||i}htseh|ce. h|eht ckh}ch|ce c}h cnbh||ibc+}h|ce limc c|hibi}ce mce nimc|g`h%

G`lc|es c}h bsmchbc}h |cnhièhnh|i ls|sb` ni}c|h}s|hb lihnmc|mi hqikh||h}s `fi mi}s. hnmi lc|che }`bib` hgie}h|i c}hscemh|ice oh||c|h c}h o`bhc|hb hnmh}s cche tcem`}s c}htst}|hi}s cieg` mi|cehb% Hnmc lh}c}ib. cielct}cb`h mh cgi+}s|h hnmh}ch c}h hs}`|i}h}ch msce c|migsec lh}cb c|hlhbihbfh|}s lcfh||che. c|hlhbi fh|}ch c|hgie c}h fh||ckhec}heìeh||i}sb` msce c|cms qns|hn c}h h}i}s lh}c|h o`}ch% Lct}chnmc lh}c}ib. fh||ckhece mikce}ti`h cnbh||c|hgie c}h nhebi+mc}h gi|`he gh|h}s lcfh| mh. c}h. f`||c}h|hb`. scemh+

|icb fh||ckhec}h|hb` ghi}htseh ih}ch ghie. ghsh ihelcfh| ms}c b`ksei}h}ch nins|h}cb` c}h c|hbh|}cb`%

_scemh|ice |`nci ls|s h|i mi|cnh. cginc lh}sb nimc||hb li

hnmhghi|ce h|hlc|h lc|ci}ce mi}s}c? b`ksei}h}che o`bh}+ce ms}ce qhqc|h|ce &q|`hb}il`h cm` c||chb}il`h) h|hlc|hc}h hgie}cb` c|h|ce c}h fcnls|sh|ce h|hlc|h &hgie}che`|ce/c|ce ghieche c}h hgie}ch c|}h|hb`)% LI hnmhghif`|icb gs|s}h}s &8% i|smih) c}h }`bib` = hgie}h|i }iq` imchnhgc|}ce hibigs? c||h}ce ms}ce hgie}h|ihb. litièh|i`hb.nhgse}ce ms}cehb c}h gc|ce}chb% Ncfcemhliib` lihb.fèc gc|` `fh|}sb` iecec. fh||ckhece bsmchbc}h|cectqh||she h|i mi|h. c}h. lct}c lihb. lc||i. `fib` hmkieit+}|hi` c|h|ce ctqh||she% Nhgse}ce ms}cehb c}h gc|ce}chbnheche ìeh||i}ce mi|h &lc}ch|hnchb) c}h b`ksei}h}ch|cbiems}ce fh||ckheh|ce h|hlc|h lc|ci}ce mi|h% C||h}ce ms}c+ehb c}h litièh|i`hb. t}c|h. l`bhi` cbie}hinch ms}c &ct}|h+

}cgib`hb) c}h lc|ci}ce mi|h l`bhi` f`|i gh|h}cb` e`|hli+mche &gì}ib cm` lcfc}ib)%

Hgie}ch c|}h|hb`

C||h}ce ms}cehb Liti eh|i`hb&cbie}hinchb lcfc}ib) &cbie}hinchb gì}ib)

C||chb}il`hb Q|`hb}il`hb

Nhgse}ce ms}cehb Gc|ce}chb&nhgse}hinchb) &cvcbs}il`hb)

Hgie}ch c|ce/e`|ce ghieche

Bèjihe}zh

Cthe msgs ncfce c|c th|chb cie mi|cnh lcfh| lchnh bsmc+h}s fib` he}`nhkcems bè}cq}sc}h}ib hlih}s}h% C}h c gh|hlct}c|ib ghlc hmkieit}|hi` k`ms }|hmiièhnci b|i}ibh cgi+}ce h|i% Hi}i}ib. ibsth|hi ehfi msgs k`nmc f`|icb fcnls|stieqnc c}h niechnhb lc}c}cb` lhni` s}cnh. lhieh c ms}cnhlhni` c}h hnmh}s cgie lcfh| mi|cnh i|}celimc bèqncvshg`hb

c}h mikce}ti` htb`}h|ib`hb lcfh| lhmi}sgs% F`|i f`||cnh ih+eib. nhe cgi}cb` c|h c||chni}h}c lc||i f`||i cg`bi}cb` jse}+tcb`hb mi|ce li hnmc|mi hqikh||h}s lcfh| mi}sgs?

8% i|smih? ]`bib` q`ni}ib`ce }iq`n`gih



<6

• Lh}c}ib. fib` cgi}s|h fic|h|bib`hb hs}`|i}h}ch|ce &lc|}ibh+

nh) c}h ctqcihnihi`h|ce &f`|iè}hnh) q|ie}iqi`c}heìeh||i}ce mi|h% Th|c+cgi}s|cb. lc||i. th|cb` qh|}cfh|}+hincce h|}che c|hibi mchbcgse bèjihe}he ìe fh|}cems}c%

• Lct}c}ib. `fib` `|gheihi`c}he scemh|i}h lh} lcfh|mh cgiebisehb &f`|iè}hnh) c}h c|he}sbisehb &lc|}ibh+nhb) lheh}cb`% Th|che mifh|ms}cecb. lc||i. hnmcce h|}c+b` li}h|}cb`}h lcfh| ms}c%

F`|}h. bèqncvs}htseh|ce jse}ièhkcemsh lhn`|h}cb``t` `fib`hb c mi|ce li i|iqimc fh|}sb` mi}sgs &bèjihe}hc}h li}h|}cb`}h)% @fib`hb c ihehgh}ib. st}c msgs ctbs

h|}che mi}sgse c}h f`||ce bèqncvshb mi|ce |gheihi` c}hq`ni}ibc}he }vc|}h}s cgie lcfh| mi}sgsnh%

Tcehb hgie}ce migs th|che cgiemhb` nheh|ce h||hbht}heqh|}cfh|}hincce h|}cb` fh||ckhece bèjihe}hb c|ibstihiheg` mscnh% Hnhlhieh. bèjihe}h f`|i clhnsh}ch c}hcgi}htk`he lh||ceh msce linhbhc|h lhn`|h}ch `t`+`t`nhe hinh mh% Ihe c|c. c mhbigs bèjihe}h e`nh ecs|}sc}h. h|chg`. c mhbigs fi} f`||cb cfh}+kcfh} c|cthe ehfi msce%

_hin}htse f`|ici hs||c cgi}cb` bèjihe}h }c|kie`|h fs|linbc+}h qc|h}il` lh} cgi}ch q|`q`th}ce msgs% Fs|linbc}h f`||c+bie. fi}h|ce hmic|h|ce c}hlhimh hnmc lh}c|h s}i c}h bè}+cq}s f`|i nhe }|cteh gith c|hlini ehfi msgs cgi}htk` bè+qncvsce bsmchbc}h c}h clhnshi`he% Ni}c|h}s|he lh|ec|h}sc}h bèjihe}h bsmch mhi}cbcce locb}s}h} fh|}ce msce nheinm` lh} hs|bi}s msgs. c}h. lc|h. t`|}s c}h tst}h}s mchbc+gse `locb}s}h}. th|c githb` `|gheihi`ce jse}ièhkce+msh f`lc}cb`% _cfh}htsec}h|h c}`||i. }c|kie` f`|i bè+jihe}h|ce 4 sechb lc|ci ghsh}ce mh?

• Fhtic|hb` sech% Bsmchbc}h|ce ibstqcgi}ib. bèjihe}h

cie msgs fh|}s gs|c `|gheihi`ce lif`}h fh|}ce smcec|h}h}% Bèjihe}h t`|}s cgie lcfh| mh c}h f`||c}h|hb`l`|èmh}c èh fh|h}hg` bhnbsnshb cgie lcfh| mi|h% Lct+}cnh cthe. c|hgincce h|}cb` bèjihe}h fht}ce mh tìnib c|h+

ginccb ibst}ce ms}ceche th|che qh|}c fh|}chb c}h mcel`+

|h ctbhie}chb b`t}sce c}h ès|ce h|}cb` fh||ckhe cg`+bih cm` b`kceigh||ih mhbh||cnh%

• Gh|hqce sech% Bhnbsns f`||ce h|hlc|h fh||ckheh t`|}sèm`|ce. bèjihe}h gh|h}sb` mh lct}chb chgs}s c}hsnc|}ce mi}sgse ecs||ihe% Bèjihe}h. f`||celct}c. cnbh|hi}`|}cb` q|`ctshe gh|h}ce mh% Q|`cts f`|i ghlccie mh cnbh|nheche h|i}s%

• Tcem`}cb` sech% Tcem`}s c}h fcnls|sh c|mic}tib` mh lct+}ch snc|}ch ghie lct}ch|cbie imce}ijibh}s c}h lh} cgi}cemsgseche% Imce}ijibhi` cm` lh} c}`|}c f`|i lh}c|hgh||i+}htse ct}|h}cgib`he hmic|h mhi}cbc &fcnls|shb qh|}cbh}+

ce mi}sgseche) cm` bsn}s| lh}c|hgh||i}htseche &nhek`nmc c}h ct}in`hb qh|}cbh}ce mi}sgseche)%

Hs}`|i}h}ch c}hctqczihnizhzi`h

_szcemh|i}zh Li}h|}cb`}zh

Bèjihe}zh c}hfh||ckheh



<9

Mctb|ilhqce nhls||h

C_HGS]_H GSECH S|`nh C|mih ctbshnmcb` q|ct}hbse}hc}h chgs}h bsmch}cb` j`|`h mh% Nhebimc}h th|ch mh.ceq|cthb. q|ct}hbse}h c}h ibc|bc}h ce}|`hb c}h c|hbsemcqslnib`hb lin}ce mi}sceh. nhe }hnmc cfh}ce limc%

Th|ch|ce oh}`||ih c}h fcnls|sh

J`|`h Nhelimc Fcibc}hb` Iet}i}s}shb hgc|}s}hb` bcbh lh}c+

}ib hlih}s ce. ihe c|c ctbshnmcb` ceq|ctcbie fh||ckhehbct}s}cb` q|ckih hgc|}s c}h. i|}celimc gith. n`}s|h f`|i nhe}+cb` }cbeibh|i ghi}shb nheche oh|}ch q|`q`th}s sce%

F`||ce hs||c}ib. I|hs|gi Nhe}ce ctbshnmcb` fcbse}h tit}c+kh h}c|}ce c}h o`||h}ce ilinih ce. c}h. lc|h. fhtic|hb`htk`h|i i}sni lh} ckhe c}h ceq|ctce lcfh||ce ghiecheg`g`c}h cgi}cb` q|ckih oh||i sce khfhi ghieche. ceq|ctcic|hgi}ch ctbshnmch|ce}h} ès|hgh||i cnh ibsti}h%

F`|}h. }`bi gh|hqceh fi|s h|mh} fhsc}he ch|}ce mh?ns||hnmch. chgs}h c}h th|chb% Ns||hnmch c|cks jitib` c}h

gih|}c c|cks b`kseh mh &h|h`hb. lcfh||hb). gs}ihb lin}+ce mi}sceh% Chgs}h ceq|ctce c|ckshe `thghi ct}|h}cgi+b`h mh. lhni` c|he}tih t`|}cb` c}h lhni`|ib t`|}ce c ms}cec|hgibc}hb bheq`|h h}c|h}cb`% F`||ce limc. lhni` c|he}tif`||ce bsmchbc}h khinh ct}|h}cgib`|h igh|`}ce mh% C}h.hbceib. th|chb. chgs}h f`|i t`|}ce ms}ce c|ckshb%

F`|i f`||cnh iheib. C_HGS]_H GSECH j`|`hb lc|c cgi}cems I|hs|gi Nhe}cece kiti` cm` vcmc ehgstih. fhnh e`nh.„S|`nh C|mih ctbshnmch|ce gh|hqceh tst}h}ch. fc||i}h||celii bhni}h}ch f`lc}cb`‛% Fhnhlc|. fèhb` fcnls|s fhsfh|}ce ms j`|`hb? „ctbshnmche chgs}h c|hgieb`|}htsecbsmch}s c}h. f`||ce limc. ceq|cth c}h q|ct}hbse}h c}hibc|bc}h ce}|`ce ncfihb`|}htseh fhemi}ch‛%

Hbce ls|she. fcnls|sh ceq|ctc}hb` &lh}c c|c iemst}|ihb`)nhegincce q|ct}hbse}h lcfh||hb htc}ch mh. gih bhqi}hnh+|ce c}h gih lhnihlimcce bsmchbc}h ct}|h}cgib`h|ce ibstqc+gi}ib% F`||ce limc. ceq|ctc}he c}h. `|` fh|. ctbshnmche.lc||ibse}h c}h chgs}h|ce bsmchbc}he hs||c|h cgie ehfimh% F`||c}h|hb`. `|mch. smhn c|hbsemcce c}h smhnh ghie+mib` c|hbsemcce nhgse}h lcfh||cb`h mh. ctbshnmch|cegih|}c c}h cbè`kih gh|hqceh|ce gin}h||i mce jhb}`|ch|ic|hgi}cb`%

Th|ch|ce cgi}s|h c}h gh|hqceh

Ctbshnmcb` ceq|cth fhemicecbie fh||ckhec}he oh||i giece.cg`c|h|ce mihge`t}ib`h cgi}cb` nheci cbi}ch|cbie lh}c|h%Bimcce ei|i}ih c}h h}vibikcemsh oht` c}h j`|`h c|h}s em`+|ce. ctbshnmcb` tcb}`|c gh||he}i}tscec}hb` scecb` ctbs+nheh|ce nhe q|`jince ghi}htsehb h}c|}ch|i cbie gceiè%

J`|`h <11<b` cbhieche c|h}s ce. h}vibikcems hgi|ih|celimc% Fèhb` fhscb ihe i|ce tst}h}hinc? Hbì}ih c}hHqci}ib` Smhnhb. I|hs|gi Nhe}ce ctbshnmcb` gh|hqcehgce}ih. S|`nh C|mib` hqi ceq|cth c}h li smhnc||ic}hbìbht}c}vc gs}ihb%

Bè}tcins bsmch}hinch c|c c|h}s ce. c|hginc ksn}` lhbì}+cb` lieh |mcbh|i bimc i}scnh c}h ceq|ctce |mcbh|i lh}ls|s scnh% Bè}tcins f`|i I|hs|gi Nhe}cece lh|eche }vc|}h+}s ce. hgce}ihb` hmkieit}|hi` bè}tcinshb lc|h|ih bsmc+h}cb` hs}è`kih `t`h hi}`|}s}h%

Cgi}s|h `qc|h}il`h|i ghg`bi`nh. C_HGS]_H GSECHb fi|sh|n` cm` nhe inm` mi}s?

• CEQ\CTH GSECH? ctbshnmcb` ceq|ctce h|}cb` nhebimc}+h tst}h}cb`%

• Q\CT]HBSE]_H GSECH? q|ct}hbse}he mifh|ms}cectbshnmcb` c|hbsemcce h|}cb` nhebimc}h tst}h}cb`%

• c}h GH\HQCE GSECH? C_HGS]_H GSECH|ce iegs|s+b` g`g`c}h ct}|h}cgib`h tst}h}cb`. ctbshnmche gin}h||imi|ce c|hbsemcce c}h lct}cnhb` c|hbsemcce qh|}cfh|}+ch|cbie%

h) CEQ\CTH GSECH

Nhe}hnmc f`|i j`|`he qh|}c fh|}ce ms}ce ceq|ctc}hb` gihlhnihlimcc}hb` h|ms|hmsecb `th}ce ms}c% Fcnls|sh ceq|c+tce bsmchbc}h f`lc}cb` nhgse}h ctbhie}ch c}h ctbshnmc+b` gih lhnihlimcce ghi}htseh f`lc}cb` cqc c|}hiecb` c}hcqc nscb` cgi}htk`hb limc|h}ch mh%

Cgi}htk` gs}ihb ctbshnmcb` tcb}`|c gh||he}i}tscec}hb`scecb` ctbsnheh|ce nhe q|`jince mcjieii`}ib hlih}cemi|h% F`||c ghie. ceq|ctce ncfce}htsehb c|c cfh}cemi|h. ghnmc}cgi lh}sce limc%

Oh||hihe. q|ct}hbse}he qh|}c fh|}ce ms}ce c|hgincce h|}c+b` nhebimc}h fh||ckhehb gh|h}cb` c}h f`lc}cb` nheh|icbi}ce hi` &gih bhqi}hnh|ce cgi}htk`h)%

F`||c ghie. ceq|ctcb fhielh} ctqc|ice}ih cnbh||cbie ih+}ch c|c lhmh fcnls|s &linc|hb. ceq|ctc}h|h liti}hb. q|hb}ibhcg`bihb%%%). fcnls|s q|hb}ib`hb n`|}cb` c}h cgi}htk` b`ks+

Bhts q|hb}ib` lh}? Czhgs}zh Gsec I|hs|gi Nhe}ce T%H%



41

ece limc gih lhnihlimcce bsmchbc}h|ce ghiecb` chgs}+

h cgsec|h}cb` c}h ctbshnmch hlc|ht}cb`%CEQ\CTH GSECH|ce lh||she i}hn lc|cih ms s|}che lcfiecgi}ce mce bsmchbc}h|i ls|sb` }`qhbc}hb% ]`qhbc}h f`|ic+}he ceq|ctc}hb` scemh|i c}h gc|ce}ccb c}h hmi}scb fh|}+ce ms}c qh|}c. c}h f`||cb ctbshnmche gin}h||i mi|ce c|hgi+ncce h|}cb` fh||ckhehb t`|}cb` hsbc|h ckh}ce ms% Ghiec+|h. }`qhbc}hb <113+17 qnheh|ce ìeh||i mce g`g`c}h cgi}c+b` qh|hmh c|c ckhe ms%

l) Q\CT]HBSE]_H GSECH

Nhe inm` fècb li e`|hlimc mi}s? lh}h. ctbshnmcb` ceq|cthc}h q|ct}hbse}h ce}|`ce h|}cb` fh||ckhehb ct}s}s c}h tce+m`}ch &Cnbh|nhe q|`g|hkh). ibhtnc c}h `|ice}h}hinccbceq|ctce oh|msc|h|ce lc||i ihe c}h lc|ce q|ct}hbse}hebè}she fh| mch}ce%

Lct}ch. CEQ\CTH GSECHb cfh}s}hb` ghi}htsehb gh|h}+ch% F`||c}h|hb`. cielct}cb`h mh q|ct}hbse}h ce}|`hbq|ct}hbse}h khqh|cbie hm`t oh|}ch. c}ceghlcb` q|ct}h+bse}h tst}h}s c}h b``|mieh}ch c}h kh|}vhe mhsmce q|ct}h+bse}h ibn`hb iemh|}ch%

_cfh}s}hb` ghi}htsehb nhe }|cteh linhbh}cb` c}h ctbshn+mcb` q|ct}hbse}h cg`bi}cb`. nhelimc fcibc}hb` ibht}c}vcc}h c|hgincce h|}cb` nhebimc}h tst}h}s mh &Hn}h|igie}hJsemhi`h. S|`nh Ibht}`nh Hbì}ih. Hqci}ih Iet}i}s}sh LFI)%

Iemst}|ih fcnls|s msce q|ct}hbse}h ghie. kceqcb`}htsehms}ce qc|}tèce q|ct}hbse}h|hb` cgi}htk` lh} gh|h}cefhti gh|h. fhielh} c|hbsemc c}h cnbh|}c|cbie cnbh|nheche&NBT Kh}ih. Htqhdc c}h Hbì}ih c}h Hqci}ib` Smhnc}hb`gih|}c c|li}shb)%

d) GH\HQCE GSECHNhe inm` fèi <114he cbie gceiè% Smhncb c}h I|hs|gi Nhe}+cecb qh|}c fh|}ce ms}c c}h hnmihe+hnmihe cnbh|nhecheqh|}c fh|}ce ms}c. lct}chb lct}c. Giqsb`hb` J`|s Hnmse+mihb c}h Mcst}sb` Seilc|}ti}h}chb% Fcnls|sh C_HGS]_HGSECH|ce g`g`c}h ct}|h}cgib`h|i oh||hiqceh ckh}ch mh.j`|`h|ce ctqc|ice}ih chgs}c|h ckh}ch c}h he}cb`hbmi|ce cgi}htk`cbie fh||ckheh ih}ch%

Nhe inm` fècb g`g`c}h cgi}cb` q|`q`thkce c}h kh}c|ihnhbq|ct}h}ce mi}s. lhi}h h}c|h}hb` èm`|i`hb chgs}c|h ckhec}h bheq`b` ctqc|ice}ice i|hbhtqcehb oht` c|c%

Lct}hnmc. g`g`c}h nhe c}h q|`cts fècbie lh}c|h Giqsb`h<1<1 cgi}htk`he qh|}c fh|}ce h|i gh|h. ctbshnmch|ce c}`|+biseh fhsteh|bc}h cgie c}h c}hlhimh}ce%

Bè}tcins Bsmch}hinch h|ms|h}ce mh lct}c c|hbsemc qslni+

b`cbib` &Cstb` Ohs|nh|i}h. Giqsb`hb` J`|s Hnmsemih%%%)fh||ckhehb bsmch}ch%

Lct}c c|hbsemc lh}zscbienhebimc}zh c}h bheq` q|ìcbzi`h

Mcst}sb` Seilc|}ti}h}ch

I|hs|gi Nhe}ce nhebimc}h fh||ckhe ct}sh ms Mcst}sb`

Seilc|}ti}h}ch|cbie. ihe c|c seilc|}ti}h}c f`||ce m`b}`|c+g` q|`g|hkhe qh|}c fh|}ce ms% Hgce}ihb q|`g|hkhf`||c}he fi}hnmihb ckh}ce mi}s c}h m`b}`|cghi h}c||i}h+||hb fh|}ce mi}s hgce}ih|ce gh|hqce c}h nhe c|cmshchgs}c|h ckh}cb`%

Nhebimc}h iej`|khn f`||ce fh|i}ib C_HGS]_H GSECH|cbien`}s|h ms}ce li cgi}htk` t`|}s mi|h% Hnmc lh}c}ib. C_HGS]+_H GSECH|ce fcnls|s lh}i n`}s}h. fhnh e`nh. gih bhqi}hnht`|}ch &bimcce h|}cb` bèjihe}h fh||ckhehb). ckhi}hbecs|}cb` cgi}htk` lh}% F`||c}h|hb`. Mcst}sb` Seilc|}ti}h+}chb CHCb` dnst}c|+ce oh|msc|h lhn`|h}cb` q|ct}h}s}hb` }|ct+

eh lh} cg`bi}s ms cgi}htk` f`||cb% <113che j`|`b` bimccincfce ghnmc}cgih limhnib` micgs c}h mh}h f`||c}h}ib hs||c|hhn`| f`||c}hb` &bèjihe}h +gih bhqi}hnh) hmic|hncce oh||hi+qceh cgie hfhn iheg` msgs%

Lct}c hnmc lh}c}ib. ecs||i }vibihg`h ms}ce ceq|cthb j`|`hee`nh }vc|}h}s h}c|}ce msce nhebimc}h cgi}htk`h% Fcnls+|sh mh ceq|cth f`|ice cg`c|h|i ls|sb` mh}shb c}h i|i}ihoht`}ch j`|`he c| c}h e`nh qh|}c fh|}s c|hlhbi c}h h|}i+bsnh}cb`%

Mcst}sb` Seilc|}ti}h}ch|cbie ihemhb` fh||ckhehb. lct}hn+mc. hsbc|h ckhe migs C_HGS]_H GSECH|ce q|ct}hbse}hc}h chgs}h bsmch}cb` c|cmsh fhielh} j`|`}he hs|bc}sc}h c}hlhimh}cb`. CS\C]EIQ th|ch|ce kh|b`he%

KIB

C_HGS]_C GSECHb nhebimc}h fh||ckheh ms. lhi}h c|c.KIB ce}|`h|cbie &Kèm|hgè Ibc|bc}h Bsmchbc}he). gihbhqi}hnh|i ls|sb` D@ECV cgi}htk`h|ce kh|b`he% _ce}|`f`||ce limc. }v`t}ce lh} hs|bc}s ce CFSb` smhb` ibht+}h|`c}he C_HGS]_H GSECH j`|`h chgs}c|h ckh}cb`%



8 Ie}|`msddiôe

48

Lhnihlimchb

J`|`h c}h inm` ct}|h}cgib`ce h|gi}h|h t`|}ce mi|ce cgi}ht+k`hb fècnh jiehe}h}ce mi|h?

• Ceq|ctce bs`}hb &ceq|cth|ce }hkhieh|ce h|hlc|h)

• Smhnce cbh|qceh &li}henc b`qs|sh|ce h|hlc|h)

• C|hbsemc qslnib`ce mi|snhgse}hb &Cstb` Ohs|nh|i}h.Giqsb`hb` J`|s Hnmsemih. IECK)

Gih lhnihlimcci ghg`bicnh. gh|hqce hgce}ihb C_HGS]+

_H GSECH|ce ctbs oh|}ce mi}s g`g`c}h q|`ctshb limc+|h}cb` c}h cgi}htk`hb ghsh}cb` lcfh| mi|ce }cbeibh|ic}h cstbh||ihb% ]cbeibh|i f`|icb smhncb jiehe}h}ce mi}s}c%

Lct}hnmc. ceq|ctcb gih lhnihlimcc}hb` h|ms|hmsece limcfh|}ce ms}c qh|}c CEQ\CTH GSECHe c}h ibht}c}vc cm`q|ct}hbse}h ce}|`cb. lc||i. Q\CT]HBSE]_H GSECHe.b``|mieh}hincce c}h i|hbhtncce limc%

Smhn `|mcbh|icb Bè}tcins Bsmch}hinche c}h GH\HQCEGSECHe fh|}ce ms}c qh|}c% Hbce f`||c}he Giqsb`hb`J`|s Hnmsemihb c|c qh|}c fh|}ce ms. Lc||ibse}h|hb` c}h

Ohbie}h|ce Gih|}c|hb` _scemh|i}hb` `|mcbh|i lh}celimc% Hgc|ib`h mcec. qslnib` c}h q|ilh}sh|ce h|}cb` nhe+bimc}h|ce c}h c|hbsemcce bèq|`kit`h|ce hgc|qce gh|lihmh C_HGS]_H GSECH%

Ckhi}zhb c}h n`|qcehb

@|hie h|}c. lct}c c|hbsemc c}h `|gheihi` lh}scbieihemhb` nhebimc}h|ce limc. ctbshnmcb` tcb}`|c ct}|h}c+gib`c}hb` nhe q|`jince c}h f`|ice ghi}htsece mihge`t}ib`hbcgie mi}sgs%

Fi|s GSECc}he h|}ibsnh}s}hb` c|hgincce h|}cb` bè}hb}shbt`|}s c}h c|hginc f`|ice h|}che ohbie}h c}h iej`|khi`hcnbh|}|sbh}s msgs% Ceq|ctcb èm` fh|}s ms}c q|ct}hbse}hce}|`hb lc|ce cgsec|`b` oh|msec|h fs|lin}ch2 q|ct}hbse}+h ce}|`hb cnbh||cbie nheche h|i mi|h. b``|mieh}s c}h ceq|c+tcb cfh}s}hb` lcfh||ci hs||c cgi}cb`2 Seilc|}ti}h}chbohbie}h c}h }|ctehb ctbhiei mi}s clhnshi`|hb`. cgi}htk`h+|ce chsgh||i c}h lcfh||ci cg`bi}s}h2 c}h. ghiec|h. ctbshn+mcb` ehfi bheq`b` q|hb}ibh cg`bihb chgs}c|h ckhemi}sgs &hmilimc. }hnmc hs}è`k`ce limcb` nheh)%

F`||cbie lh}c|h. ghi}htsec}he ìeh||i}s}hb` bsmchbc}h|cekc}`m`n`gih S|`nh C|mib` ceq|ctcb c}h q|ct}hbse}h ce}|`+cb chgs}ch c||h}s msgs. f`||ce limc ctbshnmche gin}h+

||i mi|ce tcb}`|ccb &cth}c lh}c|hb` cgs||h|ce tcb}`|chb)

lc|ce gih lhnihlimcce q|ct}hbse}h f`lc}s c}h tst}h}cb`hsbc|h ihe mch}ce%

Fcbse}h c}h ibc|bc}h ce}|`ce nhebimc}h|i ctbc|. lct}hn+mc. GH\HQCE GSECH|ce c|ckshe. ctqc|ice}ih chgs}h+|h}cb` c}h bheq`b` j`|` c}h th|cc}he q|ctce}c cg`}cb`hfhncgieh cgi}ce h|i gh|h%

Gs|c st}c. n`|qce fhemih mh j`|` fècb ctbshnmcb` c|hgi+ncce h|}che t`|}s msce ie}c|cth% C}h f`||ce hmic|hnc mhceq|cth. q|ct}hbse}h ce}|` c}h ihc|h qslnib` ehfi q|i+lh}sb` c|hbsemc nhgse}hincce b`qs|shb g`|h cgi}ch%F`||cb th|ch fhemi}cb`. lct}c nhe inm` lh}sb kh|}vhe oh|}+

cb` c}h gh|hqcec|hb` c}h lc||ibse}h|hb` hsbc|h lc||ihbmhbh|}h%

Cgi}htk` lh}sb c|hbsemc qslnib`c}he qi}s ms}ce ie}c|cthbnhebimc}h|hb` limchb hlhnms c}h lct}c lhnihlimc cbè`+kib` lh}sb ctbs|h}cb` hsbc|h cbh||i ms%

H||hbht}h|ce gin}zh

J`|`h cmsbi f`|ei}s msgs c}h oh||hiqceh ihe ms% S||h}tcs||h}t. ceq|cth gcfihg` h|i mi|h j`|`|h lin}ce. cgi}htk` c}hnhebimc}h limc lc||ihb h|i gh|h limc|h}ce%%%

_hlhn}cb` l`|èmh}ch msce th|ch mh. gc|` c}h ceq|cthgcfihg` &}vibihg`hb). q|ct}hbse}h ce}|` c}h smhnh ghiemi+b` c|hbsemc gcfihg` lc|}h|h}s ehfi mi}sceh% C}h. c|h lc|c+he. lct}c iegs|s lh}sc}he qh|}c fh|}s ehfi msceh c}h ctqc+|ice}ihb qh|}cbh}s ehfi mi}sceh% GH\HQCE GSECH h|n`ht`|}chb lc|hb c}ceghlc g`g`c}h cgi}cb` c}h qnhe}chkce+mshb li|j`|ksnh}cb` msgse l`|èmh}ch hmic|h}ce ms%

B`kseibhi` o`he+c}`||i fhemih ihe msgs c}h khinh f`||icst}ce mi`gs% Q|`ctsh cc| ihe lhmh. gh|mceh ihe mh.c}h lc|cliib` gh||he}ih ihe ms b`kseibhi` iej`|kh+nhb. bèqnii}h}ch c}h bèjihe}h t`|}cb` jse}tcb` thghiihe lhi}h%

J`|`h|ce hbce o`ksgh chgs}h c|h cg`bihe bsmch}s c}hctbshnmcb` ceq|ctce ncfihb`|}htseh h|chg`}ch mh. f`||cegs}ih|ce c||ce}hgh||i}htsehb ns||hnmch|ce gh|hqceh|i c}hègih}ch|i c|hgie michiè% O`ksgh f`|i i|it}c hnmc|h.ceq|ctcb bèq|`kit`h fh|}ch n`|}s msgs c}h j`|`b` q|`}h+gèit}h mi|cnh tce}ih|h}ch%

T`|}s c}h limc|h}s mi}sgse fh||ckhecb li}h|ib` ihc|hms}c. j`|khnh c}h iej`|khnh. ihe c|c. ehfi c}h j`|`hhb`|mi` j`|khnce limc c|h}s c}h bèq|`kit`hb imh}ihmic|hi c}h oht`. fs|lin}htseh c}h fh||ckhe iej`|khnhb



4<

jse}tcb` ihe mi|h fhielh} h|h` c}h c||cqh|` ghiemi}s

c}h bèjihe}h t`|}cb`%Gh|hqce hgce}ihb hnl`|h s}i ms q|`}hgèit}h ih}cb` }ce+}hi`h c}h nhgse}hinc c}h b``|mieh}hinc nheh cgie ms.fh||ckhehb c||h}s c}h fh||ckhe f`|iè}hnce th|ch t`|}+ce% Th|ch tst}h}s sce fht}hqcec}he. th|ch miehkih}cec}h lii|ib cst}ce qh|}c fh|}ce ms. ghiec|hb` c|hginccbiecnbh|nheche. lhieh c ms lc|c ls|sh q|`}hgèit}h gith fh|}+ce. ès|hmse gith lhiib%

Hkhi}cb`. h|n` qslnib`h|ce c}h q|ilh}sh|ce h|}cb` nhebi+mc}h jse}tcb`h ihe mh. hnmc lh}c}ib. cgi}htk`h|i incgi+}htseh ckh}cb`. c}h. lct}c hnmc lh}c}ib. mi|s+lhlcth ckh}c+

b`% Smhnce. Cstb` Ohs|nh|i}h|ce c}h Giqsb`hb` J`|sHnmsemih|ce ie}c|cthb j`|` fèce fcnls|s c}h cbikcehblhn`|ih}ce mi}s}c c}h gh|h}s hfhn ih}ch c||h}ce ms}c%



44

G`g`c}h|hb` hgi|i fèce `thgh||i gith. GH\HQCEce lh|+

eche cgiemhb` }hnmc fhsteh|bc}h}ib h}c|h}hb` èm`|i`hbc|het}ch cg`bi i|smi}s higs% ]`n`thb` kie}cgih qh|hmh q`ni+}h ihe ce fhsteh|bc}h f`|i cgi}cb` c}h qh|}c fh|}s s}cehgce}icb lc|ce imcih c}h bcbhb cnbh||i hs|bc}cb`%

Gh|hqce g`g`c}h ct}|h}cgib`h|ce inm`}ib mh}`||ce nhethi`f`||c}he khfhi hgieche oh||i}hb` g`|hlcfc|h c}h ghi|ibgh||he}i}tscehb ||i`}h|h cbh|}ch hlc|htgh||ih mcnh i|smi+}s higs. h|chg` ghi f`|icb hgi|i fèc}he cfh| gin}h||i}h}o` mi}sgse hnmc|mi c}h jhb}`|ccbie s}h|}s gc|`%

Ncfceib c}h lcfie. h|gi ibsti msgs GH\HQCE+cb` bimcmi|ce hgce}ihb gs|c gh|hi fhsce c}h ghs|b` }ct}siegs+

|sh|ce gh||he}ih ohlc}ce mi|cnh? ncfihb`|}htseh h|ch+g`}ce m`h. nhebimc}h c|cks c}h c|h lc||ihb limc|h}cb`q|ckih c|c lhi. oh|msc|h lc||ihb hgc|}ce h|i mi|h. lc||ic}h c}ceghlc b`bhqceh cg`bi}cb` c}h lc||i}cb` q|ckihfhemi}ce h|i mh%

Gs}i`b hi}`|}ce c}h cth}ce msgs g`g`c}h thbèh cgi}chlcfh||cb`h mcnh gin}h||i mi|ce ghice iegs|she. fhnh e`nh.hgce}ice h|}cb` nhebimc}h. jiehe}hbc}h. ecgì` j`|ksnhlc||ihb. ns||hnmch|ce gh||he}ih gh|hqce q|`ctsc}he%%%Hnmcb` oh||c|h msgs hnmhbc}h q|`ctsh limc|h}ce ms}cecbikcecbie% Hbce lh}che. c}`|biseh|i g`g`c}h cgi}cb`

oh||c|h c}h q|`cts. fh||ckhe c}h c|li}sci ls|sb` qnhe+}chkcems lc||icbie hs||c cgi}cb` q|ckih èh|}ce msgs%

S||h}t f`|i cgi}ch jse}tcb`h mh. b|i}ib` ihe c}h g`g`c}hcgi}cb` htk` c}h oh||c|h|cbie c}ceghlc f`lc}cb` hsbc|hiheg` lhi}sgs. c}h f`||ce limc. ncfihb`||hg`hb c}h c|h+gieb`||hg`hb iheg` lhibh|h. gs|c smhnc||i c}h ctbshnmcceègih}ch c}h gh|hqceh tst}h}cb` limche%

Hqikh||h}s lcfh||cb` ligh||ce hnmc|mi lh} c|c lhmh%Hbcehnmi`}he. ncfihb`|}htse bè}cq}sh|i n`}s}hb` lct}cbè}cq}s lh}ce c|hlinqceh ehlh|kce hlhnms mh? lc||i+bse}h% Lc||ibse}h c|hginc c}h hb}`|c lc||icbie ls|s}cemi|ce fh|}s c}h ckhec}he. lc||ibse}h fh||ckhe k`msc}he.he}`nh}cb` c|he%%% Lc||ibse}h ghs|. gc|` c}h bèqncvs.miehkib` c}h ncfihb`||hg`hb mi|ce }ct}siegs|sc}he. jhb}`|cc|hlhbi}hinch mh nhe cgie c}h „lii|ib i|hs}cb`‛%

Lc||ibse}hb fhielh} lhnmie}h oh|}ce ms? imcih c}h q|`+msb}s lc||ihb t`|}ch cthe ehfi ms. fcnls|s lc||ihb n`|}cb`limchb i|smibh}ch cthe ehfi ms% C}h. f`|i cgi}cb`. cielct+}cb`h mh lc||i b`bh}ch. chgs}ce msgsehb ckh}ce msceis|}htseh sec lh}c hnl`|h s}chb mhbh||ce h||itbsh fh|}+ch c}h lct}c c|h lh}c|h qce}th}s. i|smibh}s c}h h|hbh}ch%_hinh mh `t`. ciecb`h mcnh c cth}cb`. lc||ibse}h t`|}+

ch }|cteh hfh||cbie. ncfceg` fibc|h|cbie. lc}ib` fh||c+khe }`qib`cbie%%% Cnbh||c|hgieche h|i}s lcfh| msgs. gs|cls|sh c}h lct}cceh chgs}s lcfh| msgs. lct}c ibstqcgi

lh}c}ib% F`||cvcgh}ib. lc||ibse}h th|c iegs|sc}he t`|}ce

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