1 Project Objective

This project wants to achieve the design, construct and operate a large remote camp to

accommodate 12,000 persons in south Iraq.

The remote camp will be used as Shell's personnel transit center, training center and

emergency rescue center, etc. and further support its Middle East market exploitation.

Therefore, the remote camp shall be established a safe, comfortable and sustainable

residential area as key for the design.

Due to the site selection has not confirmed yet, situations of this camp would be

assumed as ‘Island’ without existing infrastructure provisions available.

2 Design philosophy

2.1 Human oriented, safety first

Combining local factors, political environment and experience of similar project, we

adopt appropriate security measures to guarantee human safety.

After consideration of local residents for living, working and culture demands of local

residents, we aim to design a comfortable environmental space and convenient living

facilities and strengthen their sense of belonging.

2.2 Phased construction and flexible planning

Phased construction is considered according as per the project headcount.

The planning shall be laid emphasis on changes in terms of scale, structure and layout,

propose flexible develop planning under integral control, put forward a planning

scheme enabling alternative land use, public service facilities and leave room for

growth of various functions.

2.3 Standardization, Modularization and Industrialization

By means of standardized and modularized design for buildings and facilities, format

reproducible, optional, compostable multi-polar modules, aiming to achieve various

combinations and function mode to adopt phased construction and development of the

camp.

After standardized and modularized design for buildings and facilities, create the

condition for plant construction.

2.4 Energy conservation, environment protection and sustainable development

Combining local environment and project demands, we provide economical and

suitable technical schemes which lay emphasis on environment protection as well.

A full life circle philosophy embracing design, construction, operation, modification

and demolishment are taken into account to provide a sustainable development.

2.5 Localization and internationalization

Full account of local natural conditions, political conditions, material supply,

construction and other factors to determine the safety, economic, reasonable and

viable technology and construction programs, taking into account the need for

international cooperation.

3 Planning and design

3.1 Planning and design method

Through the analysis of human social and behavior property (such as walking, resting,

neighborhood, group, community, etc.), obtain the spatial and environmental demand,

and then avail of modularization design philosophy, eventually form our basic idea

and method of "modules -blocks-groups"(see Figure 1).

Figure 1 "module -block-group" design method

3.2 Planning and design process

3.2.1 Functional partitioning

First, the whole camp is divided into 5 main functional areas:

1) Residence - 5 groups of resident inclusive, corresponding to 4 types of house.

2) Public service - includes catering, entertainment, service, leisure, training and

transport facilities, etc.

3) Auxiliary facilities - include office, storage, security, firefighting, electricity and

water, waste, etc.

4) Landscape and parking - landscaping of gathering spaces outdoors and all kinds of

parking lots.

5) Roads and Miscellaneous the others - roadways, sidewalks and other lands.

Residence is core function of all while the resting exists as its supporting and assistant

functions. Public service should vary with status differences except for those public

facilities serving all the residents; For auxiliary facilities, reasonable service radius

and development land should be taken into account meanwhile avoiding noise and

pollution; Landscape should provide various resting intercourse spaces for all types of

residents; Design of parking and road systems should take the entrance and

exit ,functional partition and traffic flows into account.

3.2.2 Phased construction

According to the projected headcount, scale and modes of phased construction are

obtained.

"Figure Projected Headcount" in the bidding shows that : there will be estimated 300

persons in October, 2017; the number reaches 1500 in January, 2019; gets to 6000 in

January 2020; then climbs to 10000-12000 in January, 2020 and steadily decline

since.

According to the projected headcount above, we divide the whole project into 4

phases to control one-time investment while meeting project demand. Related

auxiliary facilities for each phase should be equipped with to meet daily usage and

development requirements.

Some auxiliary facilities (such as water supply, drainage and garbage disposal, etc.)

need to be concentrated arranged to reduce their impact on surrounding environment,

to save land and to leave growth space as well. Land for these auxiliary facilities are

allotted to phase 1 due to its small population. However, facilities and equipment in

these auxiliary areas can be gradually installed along with project rolling forward.

Power generation and distribution and sewage lifting should be close to their load

centers, meanwhile, constructed by stage and by area.

3.2.3 Groups

We divided the residential land into several residential groups according to functional

partition and population demands, in which public service and auxiliary facilities of

corresponding amount are equipped, which ensures each group running

independently.

Due to its small population and high demand for service, manager residences

constitute an independent group; the remaining populations of different statuses are

proportionally mixed and then form mixed groups. As we are short of specific

personal ratio for each phase ,we assume that population of all kinds is allotted to

each group at equal proportion.

Public service, auxiliary facilities, landscape and parking area should be intensively

arranged respectively .Among them, public service facilities serving all residents

should be located at the center part of the camp for easy access; Concentrated

auxiliary facility area should be arranged at the edge of the camp.

Scale function and outline of each group could be adjusted according to practical

demand.

3.2.4 Blocks

Each group is sub-divided into blocks to lodge different types of residents to have less

interruption. Public service facilities are located at the center block of the group to

cover as many blocks as possible.

Blocks of different scale and function are chosen to form various group to suit

demands of project and its development.

3.2.5 Modules

Different blocks comprise different modules, which can be duplicated, grown and

transformed.

Modularization structures of the camp see Figure 2

Figure 2 Modularization formation diagram

Block of service

Blocks of residence

Modules of plot

Modules of facilities

Modules of building

Modules of

building

Modules of

building

Modules of building

Modules of plot

Modules of facilities

Modules of building

Groups of other

residences

Block of service

Group of auxiliary facilities

Group of public service

Camp

Group of manager residences

Blocks of residence

Modules of container

Referring to previous engineering, modularization design is adopted to residential

building, using basic container modules to constitute single buildings of different

levels and dimensions to accommodate a variety of residents.

3.3 General layout

Basing on the design philosophy and methods above, we provide two general layouts

according to different schemes of residential building modularization.

The two schemes are similar to each other in terms of design philosophy ，functional

partition and phased construction. For both of the two schemes, latticed structure from

constitution of modules is adopted where roads of different level divide the camp into

a series of groups and blocks further. This kind of latticed layout is neat and

compacted in appearance, meanwhile, has a clear and close functional partition.

Major differences between the two schemes lay in:

In Scheme 1 (see Figure 3-5) single-storied containers are used for workers dorm

building and two-storied container for the rest. This type of two-storied container

building could be replaced by fabricated steel structure buildings if it is too expensive

and difficult to construct. The advantage of Scheme 1 is its small land occupancy and

it creates a better view due to its height difference in architecture. A larger budget and

harder construction are the major disadvantages of Scheme 1.

Scheme 1 has a total area of 1679616㎡（168ha, 1296m×1296m). Phase 1 consisting

of manager residential group and concentrated auxiliary group, having a capacity of

600 persons, containing main access and logistics access as well. Center service group

and mixed residential group near the main access would be constructed in phase 2,

can accommodate 1704 persons then. Two mixed groups close to the center service

group would be built in phase 3, promoting its capacity to 5802. The rest 3 mixed

residential groups would be completed in phase 4, and the total population would

reach 12000.

Figure 3 General layout, Scheme 1

Figure 4 Group modularization, Scheme1 Figure 5 Phased construction ,Scheme 1

In Scheme 2 (see Figure 6-8) all residential buildings are single-storied container

architectures, its high modularization and single-story structure because its lower

budget and easier construction but a bigger land occupancy. Moreover, this kind of

layout creates a pubic activity space and intercourse space compared with scheme 2.

Scheme 2 has a total area of 2101176 ㎡ (2101ha, 1386m×1516m). Phase 1

consisting of mixed residential group and concentrated auxiliary group, having a

capacity of 756 persons , containing main access and logistics access as well .Center

service group ,its adjacent part of managers residential group and mixed residential

group would be constructed in phase 2,can accommodate 2928 persons then. Left

managers group and 2 mixed groups close would be built in phase 3, promoting its

capacity to 6984.The rest 2 mixed residential groups would be completed in phase 4,

and the total population would reach 12000.

Figure 6 General layout, Scheme 2

Figure 7 Group modularization, Scheme2 Figure 8 Phased construction ,Scheme2

3.4 Function analysis

The camp is divided into

blocks by grip pattern

roads;

The whole came centers

on core leisure area;

Each residential group

centers on its service and

activity block;

Managers, engineers and

supervisors live in the

blocks that are close to

center leisure area;

Workers living blocks

are located at the outer

part of the camp, but close to Figure 9 Function analysis, Scheme 1

the center of respective group.

Each living block is equipped with self-service laundry, commercial laundry is set

at core block;

Independent power generation and distribution and sewage lifting device are

equipped in each group;

Concentrated auxiliary

facility area and its

access are located at the

edge of the camp;

Gathering area and

concentrated landscape

area are set at core area

and main entrance;

Worship is located at

core area near gathering

area;

Bus stops are set for

every group, bus

terminal and parking lots

are located at main

entrance.

Figure 10 Function analysis, Scheme 2

3.5 Road transportation

3.5.1 Road system

The grip pattern roads of the camp can connect groups and blocks with each other and

ensure firefighting safety, the road system can be classified into 4 levels.

Main road: connecting groups, red line 32m, with a 3m width sidewalk, 4m width

bicycle lane and 2m green belt on each side, 14m width roadway(2 lanes).

Figure 11 Section of main road

Ring road: Set up along the inner side of camp fence, red line 20m, with 3m sidewalk

on each side, 14m roadway(2 lanes)

Secondary road: Internal roads of each group, red line 10m, with 3m sidewalk on each

side, 4m roadway(lane for fire-fighting)

Sidewalks: Connect buildings in the same block, 2m width.

Road structure: Asphalt road for roadways and sidewalk-bricks for sidewalks.

3.5.2 Entrance and exit

Basing on its large land occupancy and population, entrance and exit is set up on each

side of the camp to ensure smooth flows of vehicles and pedestrians.

There are parking lots for private vehicles, visiting vehicles and office vehicles near

the main entrance.

Logistic entrance for warehouse logistics, maintenance construction, firefighting and

security is set up near the concentrated facility area.

The other two entrances and exit can meet the requirement of evacuation under

emergent situation.

3.5.3 Bus system

Bus stops are distributed in every group, together with bus terminal and bus parking

lot at main entrance constitute an integrated bus system .Locations of bus stops

through routes optimization can minimize cross interference.

3.5 Landscape

Large size landscapes are set near main entrance and central area of the camp

providing a beautiful and pleasant view.

Inside each group, combinations of courtyards, landscapes and buildings create

relatively private space.

Native plants of different heights or species should be planted in a matching way at an

appropriate density, which would increase survival rate and create a layering view

while harmonious with the architecture and environment.

4 Architectures

We aim to provide a human oriented architecture design creating private comfortable

and convenient living environment.

According to local circumstance, buildings use various structures such as

prefabricated part, prefabricate, container or modular building unit that can be

industrial produced , standardized construction and reused .

4.1 Container architecture

Container architecture is a new-style welded trailer coach which is easy to transport,

install and move. Due to its low cost and convenient installment; it is widely used as

temporary office, accommodation and kitchen, etc. In this project, container

architecture is mainly used as accommodation.

4.1.1 Main features

1）Mobility: Removable and reusable.

2）Rapid construction：short schedule，foundation free.

3）Safety：Steel framed structure, resistant to earthquakes and Typhoon.

4）Durability: Can resist both corrosion during long sea voyage and high temperature

exposure in desert area, has a long life up to 20 years

5）High weight capacity, stackable and stable attachments.

6）Good heat and sound insulation and reliably sealing.

7）High performance, low cost.

4.1.2 Interior trim

1）Floor： lay composite floor on top of 18mm thick fibred cement plate for living

room； 2mm thick Aluminum embossed sheet for bathroom.

2）Interior wall and ceiling: 12mm thick fibred cement plate painted latex paint，or

decorated with high density fiberboard for living room; 50mm thick polystyrene

sandwich steel plate for bathroom.

4.1.3 Heat preservation

Fill the wall and roof with 100mm thick rock wool, unit weight 26Kg/m3, as shown in

Figure 11.

Figure 11 Sketch of container building wall

4.1.4 Doors and windows

Refrigerator door and double-paned windows are used for good heat preservation and

air-tightness，steel shield could be used to keep out the sunshine and rain.

4.2 Accommodation

According to the bidding document, there are 5 types of resident inclusive,

corresponding to 4 types of house.

Modularized architectures through transformation and connection of containers

accommodate all types of personnel .Dimension of the modular container is

3.5m×12m.

Architecture schemes 1: Separate house or room for every person. All use two-storied

buildings (container or fabricated steel structure) except for workers single-storied

container buildings.

Architecture schemes 1: All use single-storied container buildings to lower the budget,

use double en-suited and quad room (bunk bed) and different furniture for residents of

various levels.

Use reinforced concrete foundation (precast or cast-in-place) for both of the two

schemes above.

4.2.1 Accommodation for Manager

Managers accommodation is executive single en-suited room with bedroom, living

room and bathroom..

Scheme 1 :Two-storied piled up container building ,its usable area is 36.5 ㎡ /person

(public area excluded).

Scheme 2 :Single-storied container building free of extra public transportation

area ,its usable area is 42㎡/person.

Figure 12 Standard room, Scheme 1 Figure 13 Standard room, Scheme 2

4.2.2 Accommodation for Managers

Managers’ accommodation is single en-suited room with bedroom and bathroom.

Scheme 1: Two-storied piled up container building ,its usable area is 18.03

㎡/person(public area excluded).

Scheme 2: Single-storied container building free of extra public transportation

area ,its usable area is 21㎡/person.

Figure 14 Standard room，Scheme 1 Figure 15 Standard room, Scheme 2

4.2.3 Accommodation For Engineer and Supervise

Engineer and Supervise accommodation is double en-suited room with bedroom and a

shared bathroom

Scheme 1: Two-storied piled up container building with 2 bedrooms and a shared

bathroom ,its usable area is 10.5㎡/person(public area excluded).

Scheme 2: Two-storied piled up container building with 2 bedrooms and a shared

bathroom free of extra public transportation area ,its usable area is 10.5

㎡/person(public area excluded).

Figure 16 Standard room，Scheme 1 Figure 17 Standard room, Scheme 2

4.2.4 Accommodation For Workers

Workers accommodation is single-storied container building.

Scheme 1: 3 bedrooms and a shared living room and a shared bathroom, its usable

area is 7㎡/person.

Scheme 2: Bunk bed room ,4 worker share a bedroom and a bathroom, its usable area

is 5.3㎡/person.

Figure 18 Standard room，Scheme 1 Figure 19 Standard room, Scheme 2

Due to the less usable

area of workers

accommodation,

independent public

activity rooms

(container) are provided, see Figure 20. Figure 20 Workers accommodation

combination sketch

4.2 Dining

There is public canteen in center area and each group has its own canteen, different

kitchen utensils (Western food, Chinese food or Muslim food) are equipped according

to religious faith of residents. Each kitchen has separate cold working area, hot

working area and storage area.

Center area public canteen: Has a 2000 ㎡ covered area. Serve different types

(nationalities) of foods for 800-1000 people in separate dining areas. Two-storied steel

structure architecture with a grid structure roof and independent reinforced concrete

foundation.

Group canteen: Its scale varies with population in the group but at least for 1/3 of

group' population at a 2㎡/person estimated area.

4.3 Amenities

Comprehensive service center is located in the center area of the camp including

supermarket, laundry, bank, post office and salon, etc. Service center of each group

has stores, clinic, coffee house, library and internet bar in it. Laundry and smoking

shed are set up at certain blocks as well.

Medical center located at the center area of the camp is to provide medical service for

people of all the camp having a 1200 ㎡ covered area ,and it is equipped with

ambulances. Firefighting emergency center is arranged in the concentrated auxiliary

facilities area, near to the firefighting pump house. It has firefighting control room,

office room and parking lot and training field.

Worship is also in the center area, surrounding by gathering space and landscapes. It

has a 1050㎡ covered area and can hold worship of 500 persons.

Buildings above are large steel structure architectures with grip structure roof and

independent reinforced concrete foundation except for the laundry.

4.4 Leisure & Recreation

A 2000㎡ gym is in the center area to provide leisure and recreation space including

indoors sports such as basketball ,volleyball ,table tennis and bowling ,etc. Together

with outdoors sports fields and swimming pools, it is part of sports center.

Each group has its own activity center for sports and leisure such as basketball, table

tennis and bowling, surfing and music, etc.

Gym is large steel structure architecture with grip structure roof and independent

reinforced concrete foundation. Activity center has a steel structure and independent

reinforced concrete foundation.

4.5 Training

Training center is set up in the center area near gathering space, with outdoor training

space. Training center is a two-storied architecture of steel structure with grip

structure roof and independent reinforced concrete foundation and it can hold 300

persons and covers an area of 1200㎡（4㎡/person workstation）.

4.6 Facility Management (FM)

Facility management building is in the concentrated auxiliary facilities area, covering

an area of 1200 ㎡ . It has a steel structure and independent reinforced concrete

foundation.

4.7 Storage and Warehousing

A 600 ㎡ thermostat storage and two 1200 ㎡ regular storages are arranged in

concentrated auxiliary facilities area to guarantee  the normal operation of the camp.

All storage buildings above are large steel structure architectures with grip structure

roof and independent reinforced concrete foundation

4.8 Security

To meet the demands of office and training of 200 security personnel ,there is a

security building set up in concentrated auxiliary facilities area ,equipped with

surveillance center , outdoor gathering space and parking lot. It covers an area of 1200

㎡ and has a steel structure and independent reinforced concrete foundation.

5 Security measures

5.1 Fence

Referring to similar engineering of that area, design of the fence has taken terrorism

attack in full account.

Ditch and berm are out of metal fence, inside the fence is 3m height reinforced T-Wall

with lamp on top of it. Weld mesh is used on top of all fences to prevent climbing,

patrol lane is set along the fence and at inner corners of T-Wall are the security

observation towers at maximum spacing of 400, as shown in Figure 21.

Figure 21 Fence sketch

Separate distance between fence and internal activity places should be no less than 50

m to protect against explosion hazard.

5.2 Gates

There are guard house and gates with roadway and pedestrian way at main entrance,

outside the gates are buster slab and obstacle-walls to protect against bullets and

slamming into the camp .In addition, shelter is arranged near the guard house.

Security check area big enough for a tank or car should be set at vehicle entrance for

explosive and hazard check with T-wall on both sides.

Swing door and security check room should be set up at pedestrian

entrance .Fingerprint reader could be used if possible.

5.3 Shelter

Reinforced concrete shelter should be arranged at activity places providing shield

against shooting and explosion.

Figure 22 Shelter sketch

5.4 Height of buildings

All buildings are under two-story .High and crowed buildings are located at the inner

side to avoid being seen through from outside of the camp.

5.5 Monitoring system

5.6 safety management

Except for necessary security personnel and facilities, thorough

safety management system should be built to further safeguard the camp. For

instance, set various warning and evacuation signs and organize regular fire, anti-

terrorist and first-aid drills.