research pres
TRANSCRIPT
Fluorescence Spectroscopy as a Monitoring Technique for a
MBR Water Reclamation System
Jeff Scott11/5/15
My name is Jeff!
Where we are headed:•Background•Water Supply•Membrane Bioreactors•Water Monitoring Techniques•Fluorescence•DOM
•Research Questions•Preliminary Findings•Fluorescence EEMS•Water Quality Data
•State of the Project
Water supply has become an increasingly pressured ecosystem service the last 40yrs.
(MEA, 2005)
Water withdrawals from rivers and lakes
Reservoir storage capacity
We use 40-50% of accessible fresh water running off land
x2x4
A membrane bioreactor (MBR) is used as a water reclamation system at Fort Riley, KS.
MBRs use biological and physical processes to restore sewage to useable condition.
http://www.biomicrobics.com/assets/BioBarrier-Owners-Manual-LETTER-current.pdf
As treatment improves, there is a need for more sensitive monitoring technologies.
TOC, pH, turbidity, and EC are widely used
TOC and EC most sensitive
TOC and EC reach detection limits around 5% intrusion
(Henderson et al, 2008)
Fluorescence spectroscopy is highly promising as a monitoring technique.
Sensitive – single fluorescent molecule
Selective – can distinguish sources of contamination
Little pretreatment necessary
(Henderson et al, 2008)
Fluorescence spectroscopy uses light emitted by excited molecules.
The fluorescence of wastewater mostly detects dissolved organic matter (DOM).
Excitation-Emission Matrices (EEMS) are useful for characterizing wastewater.
Peak A – Aromatic HumicsPeak C – HumicsPeak T – Tryptophan-like (protein), bacterial peak
Peak M – Low MW, associated with Marine environs with biological activity, can be present in WWPeak B – Tyrosine-like (protein), bacterial, less degraded material than Peak T
(Fellman, 2010)
Excitation-Emission Matrices (EEMS) are useful for characterizing wastewater.
IndicesFluorescence Index – Microbially or Terrestrially Derived DOM (Cory and McKnight, 2005)
Freshness Index – Recently produced / Decomposed (Parlanti et al., 2000; Xenopoulos et al., 2009)
Humification Index – Extent of humification (Zsolnay et al., 2002; Ohno et al., 2002)
Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC)
We collected preliminary data from the MBR to begin to understand it.
• Flourescence EEMs• Nutrient data• Coliform data
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0100200300400500600700800
Totals (Effluent)
Total N Total P Total ColiformsDate
ppm
(N a
nd P
)
MPN
(col
iform
s)
Research QuestionsCan Fluorescence spectroscopy detect membrane fouling and failure in an MBR?
Can fluorescence spectroscopy be used to detect hourly changes in MBR effluent?
Can an online fluorometer be used to detect membrane fouling / breach in an MBR?
What can fluorescence spectroscopy tell us about other water quality parameters?
06/17/15 06/27/15 07/07/15 07/17/150.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.504.004.505.00
NH4-N
NH4-NDate
mg/
L
After noticing floc, I compared our data to the MBR’s reported performance.
06/17/15 06/27/15 07/07/15 07/17/150
20406080
100120140160180
E. Coli
E. Coli MBR STANDARDDate
mg/
L
Instead of characterizing the state of a functioning MBR, we were characterizing a compromised one.
Can Fluorescence spectroscopy detect membrane fouling and failure in an MBR?
Influent Effluent
Can fluorescence be used to detect hourly changes in the MBR effluent?
0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 27.5 300
200
400
600
800
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14Coliforms (timed experiment)
TC E. ColiTime after filtration
MPN
MPN
0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 27.5 300.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
NH4-N
NH4-NTime after filtration
mg/
L
Can the online cyclops fluorometer be used to detect membrane failure in an MBR?
6/29/2015 10:43 6/29/2015 10:58 6/29/2015 11:120
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
020406080100120Cyclops Time Data
CDOM (RFU) Trypt (RFU)Time
RFU
What can fluorescence spectroscopy tell us about other water quality parameters?
Peak Parameter Pearson's r Source
T1
PO3 0.8Baker and Iverarity (2004)
NO3 0.87BOD 0.906
Hudson et al (2008)TOC 0.876
T2
BOD 0.85Baker and Iverarity (2004)NH3 0.7
DO -0.65TOC 0.802
Hudson et al (2008)C2
BOD 0.771TOC 0.87
ABOD 0.72TOC 0.808
Collecting data from a properly functioning MBR will help answer these questions.
Questions?