Great Britain

Flag: (Union Jack) White Peace and Honesty//Red Hardiness, Bravery, Strength and Valor//Blue Vigilance, Truth and Loyalty, Perseverance and Justice. The British flag pictures a representation of the Patron Saints of England, Scotland and Ireland .British Isles: Group of Islands Great Britain, Ireland and a lot of smaller islands (Orkneys The isle of wight)

Great England: England, Wales and Scotland.

United Kingdom: Political name for Great England and Northern Ireland.Language: English and Welsh.

Law and Order: British Parliament: 2 houses. 1) House of Commons: most important, it decides all new laws and reforms. Made up of members of the parliament elected every 5 years.2)House of the Lords: First they must approve all new laws and reforms before they became legal.Made up of Lords SpiritualandLords Temporal. There are currently 26 Lords Spiritual who sit in the Lords by virtue of their ecclesiastical role in theestablishedChurch of England. The Lords Temporal make up the rest of the membership; of these, the majority arelife peerswho are appointed by the Monarch on the advice of thePrime Minister, or on the advice of theHouse of Lords Appointments Commission; the rest arehereditary peers.Devolution Revolution: Since the UK was formed people from Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales wanted to have their own separate goverments.In 1997 and 1998 referendum were held in the countries to find out how the people wanted to be governed.All countries voted to create local govermments, this transfer form central to local govermment is call DEVOLUTION. They can elect their own ministers, have their own budgets and make decitions about govermment:health and education. Defense is decided by cental govermment.School: British children must go to school between 5 and 16.Some parents educated them at home.Devided into four Key stateges which follws a national curriculu,, at the end of each one students are teasted.Private or Public: 7% of Britsh students go to private schools called public schools.They are expensive and students mus pay their own fees, usually have smaller classes and better facilities, considered to offer higher-quality education than most of state schools, most of them are single sex.CITIZENSHIP: is a subject on the British National Curriculum. It covers a wide variety of things including law, rights, ecology and the media. It teaches how to became a good citizen.Ukyp: The UK youth paliament was launched at the House of the Commons in July 1999.It aims to give young people a voice and there are currently over 300 elected Members fo the Youth Parliament.They represent both men and women from a variety of ethnic backgrounds including thos with phyisical and learnig disabilities.They work in a variety of issues and campaings.

MULTICULTURAL BRITAIN:Britain has always been a multicultural society. Many came to Britain as slaves and servants, other looking for job, food or because they were forced to live their country.Today many asylum seekers come to Britain in the hope of a better life.Nowdays 7.5 5 of all the people in Britain and a quarter od those living in London were born aboard. People came from all over the world and this has created a super diversity which goes beyond traditional ethinic labels such as white, Asian, and black Bristish. 60% of the inmigrants have become or are in the process of becoming Bristish citizens.For that they must take and exam which ests their knowladge about British society, history, culture.

The European Union: On 9th May 1950 the Schuman declaration proposed the establishment of a European Coal and Steel Community. 6 Countries: Germany, France, Italy, Belium, Luxemburg and The Netherlands. made it in 1991. The aim was to bring the countries together and restore peace in Europe after Worl Ward II. By 2004 the European Union was a group of 25 countries.Today they are 28. England

Flag: The flag of England is the St George's Cross. It is made up of a red cross centered on a white background. The colour white represents peace and honesty while the colour red symbolizes bravery, strength, hardiness and bravery.

England: is the largestcountry in Great Britain. Most people live in the south east of the country. The capital city is London. (Other important cities are Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpoll and Bristol) London is call the multilingual city, more than 300 languages are spoken by children in Londons schools. It is the most lingustically diverse city in the world, English is the most common one but 1 in 3 children hears or speaks a language that is not English when they are at home.England comes from Englaland or land of Engles (angles) Angle comes from the Old German word for Angel.

English spelling:We dont always say English words in the same way as we write them. The spelling can be unpredictable because english is a mixture of lots of different languages. In the past invading people brotught words from their own language to english.Now thanks to inmigration and mass media such as TV and the internet, words from all over the world are used in English.

England National sport: football. 1 en 3 takes a regular interest in football and most people support a team.Kick it out is a campaign to kick racism out of football.Books for young people: Young people in England have come third in a worldwide survey of reading skills. Reading form them is in the fourth place of their favourite things after watching TV, hanging out with friends and playing computer games.10 books for pleasure each year.

Oxford is the oldes English speaking university in the world.

OXFAM: (The oxford committe for famine relief) was created during the Second War to help victims in Greece.After the war they sent food and cloth to the victims.Afther that they started helping wherever disaster by collecting money, educating people and trying to influence politicians. They opened shops, run bu volunteers, to sell donated goods, fairtrade products or third world crafts.

FAIRTRADE: the foundation was created in 1992 to help raise awarenees of fairtrade products.They garantee that the producer is receving a fair price for the product, adn that child labor i not used to make their products.Chicken shed: based in London is the UKs largest inclusive theatre company.They include people form diferent social backgrounds and with difucult and emocional difficulties.

HISTORY* London- 1665 King Charles II * The Great Plague * The Great Fire* George I- German couldnt Speak English.Let the prime minister rule the country. Parliament became importante, he bank of England was created.* Britain expanded its colonies During gerorgian times. Liverpoo and Bristol became important centres of the slave trade to the West Indies

* 1770- New industries, better roads, Canals and railways made easy to transport goods. Industrial Revolution * 1837 Queen Victoria came to the power (18) During her reign the Bristish empire expanded from the Est Indies to North Marica, Africa and Asia. Industrial Revolution new class system, people moved to big cities to work in factories.* The two Rold wars had profunded affect on Britain. After the 2 Britain lost power over many colonies.(India-African nations-The west Indies) Many people emigrated to Britain and now 7.5% of the population are of ethnic origin.Wales

Flag:"The Red Dragon") consists of areddragonon agreenandwhitefield. White - peace and honestyRed - hardiness, bravery, strength & valour Green - hope, joy and love and in many cultures have a sacred significanceWales is the smallest country in Great Britain. Its the only country not to be represented in the Union Jack flag (because Wales and England were united under one king when the flag was created).Welsh strong sense of national identity, welsh language spoken as first by one in 5.History: It was first separated from Grat Britain by Offas Duke, a huge wall that was built by Saxon King.It was divided into a number of smaller regions, each one with its own ruling family, until 1216 that it was united by Llywelun. He crowned his son Prince of Wales, in 1283 Wales was conquered by Edward I of England and his son became the prince of Wales. Since then the heir to the English thorne has always been called the Prince of Wales. The actual one is Charles.Language: belingual country, 20 speak Welsh as their first language. The Welsh word for Wales is Cymru friends or companions they pride themselves on being friendly and welcoming.All the road signs are bilingual. Schools, tv programms, and radio are in welsh. The arts have become very important, thisi is Cool Cymru because makes young poeple proud to say they are from Wales.Food: Saint David, the patron, was vegetarian. Prince Charles too and so are 200.000 people in Wales (7% of population).They dont eat any meat or products from it.

THE EISTEDDFOD: means sitting together, is the biggest event in Wales. Its a festival of culture. Every year they celebrate with Welsh music and culture with contests for the best singers, choirs and poets.One of the most colourful parts of the gestival is the Gorseed of the Bards, is an association of the best poets, writers, musicians and artists in Wales.Its memebers are called druids and they wear long, coloured robes, they chooses the best poets adn give them a crown and a chair by the head of the Gorsedd. There are competitions, sport events, and alternative music festival with Welsh music.It has a Welsh only language rule. Some people think that this should change because Welsh is second language for most people.Rugby is the national sport, this name is because of a school in England where it was played.A story says that one student at Rugby school caught the ball and ran with it towards the opponents goal line during a game of football. It is played with an oval ball.

SCOTLANDFlag: Saint Andrew's cross Consisting of a blue background over which is placed a white representation of an X-shaped cross, the Saltire is one of Scotland's most recognisable symbols.The white saltire set against a celestial blue background is said to have been adopted as the design of the flag of Scotland on the basis of this legend.Capital Edinburgh

Scotland is the northern part of Great Britain and includes 790 islands.Its a hilly country with the mountainous Highlands in the north and the hilly country with the mountainous Highlands in the north and the hilly uplands in the south. There ir a population of over 5 million and most people live in or near the largest cities, which are in the lowlands in the center of the country.Scotland has always considered itself separeated from Great Britain.The Scots have fought to gain and keep their independence until James VI of Scotland became James I of England. In 1707 Scotland signed the act of Union and became parto of UK. I lost its govermment but kept its own legal and education systems.After the devolution in 1999 the firs Scotitish parliament in almost 300 years was elected.They can decide most of its laws but is still dependent on the British Parliament for certain issues such as war and national security.They want to be independent soon.Clans and Kilts: clans, the gaelic word for families. Clans were extended family groups who often lived in the same area. Sometimes clans fought each other to control larger areas and sometimes they united to fight their common enemy: the English. Many clan names begin qith Mac or Mc, their own tartan. They used the tartan to make the kilts which all Scottish men wore. Nowadays many Scots still wear kilts, maunly for special occasions.

Scotland on line young people are moving back to Scottish highlands and islands thanks to the internet.

The Orkney and Shetland islands are famous for their woollen jumpers. The shetlands are also the home of the smallest horses in the worls: Shetland ponies.Some of the them are only 75 cm high.

ORKNEY INTERNATIONAL: Science festival that mixes and arts for a complete cultural experience. It is in the Orkney islands, it offers a mix of history, music, nature and science. You can see a series of talks, workshops, musica and traditional dance.

Childrens right: Scotland has a unique way of dealing with children who commit crimes, they are not consider criminals but young people who need help. The children and their families go to special talks with pyscologists and social workers. The method is quit effective many of them do not repet their crimes.

The Edinburgh festival: It is an anual celebration of art in August. There are six smaller festivals: the art festival; the international festival for theatre and opera, the film festival, the fringe festival for altrenative comedy theatre and music, the jazz and blus festival adn the book festival. Local and interntional permormers.

Haggis: is a savoury pudding containing sheep's pluck (heart, liver and lungs); minced with onion, oatmeal, suet, spices, and salt, mixed with stockHogmanay: last day of the yearThe invented GolfIreland

Flag:is made of three equal-sized rectangles of orange, white, and green.The green color on the flag represents the native people of Ireland . The orange color represents the British supporters of William of Orange who settled in Northern Ireland in the 17th century . The white in the center of the flag represents peace between these two groups of people.

Capital:DublinIreland: the island of Irland- second-largest island in Europe -population 5.6 million people. Divided 2 countries: the Republic of Ireland (capital Dublin) and Northern Ireland.(Belfast). the Northe and the South.Division created in 1921 when 26 countries fo the south became independent from Britain and the six of the north stayed under british rules.

Saint Patrick, Irelands patron saint.Monks built round towers trought the countryside for protection.

The vikins invaded Ireland 9th 11th.

The Normans invaded Ireland 12thIn 1690 the Protestant King William defeted the catolic king James and started centuries of problems catholics and Protestants.

In 1800 Irish Government was abolish and Iralnd was ruled directly by the Bristis Government. Saints Patrick was joind to the union Jack.

In 1840 Irish potato crop.Millions of Irish emigrated to USA and Canada because of famine.

In 1916 The war of Independence ended in 1921 and an agrrement was signed that divided Ireland in two parts.

About Ireland: thousands of foringer students come to Ireland to study English every year because of its rich literary tradition beautifull countryside and reputation for being fun and friendly.The Irish travellers, are nomads. Some travel constantly other stay in the same place for years and years.They are the largest minirity in Ireland , they are distinct ethnic group that has existed for centuries. Own culture, customs, traditions and language, Cant or Shelta, mixture of english, Gaelic and Romany plus lots of unique words and expressions.Secreat, no tought in school and speak it only at home. Pasto: travel by horse-drawn carts and caravans, camped by the side of the road, near town. Camped where there grass for the horses and moved when they have eaten all. Made saucepans and buckets from discarded tin and bought and sold horses. They used to bring news and they tell them as songs or story, many were storytellers and musicians.

A world of Irish: + 70 million people throughout the world have Irish roots.40 US, Britain, Canada, Australia adn South America, this wave Irish Diaspora. They left after the femine + 1 mill died of huger and disease when the potatoe crop went bad. Those who suvervied decided to emigrate and more than 1 mill left Ireland on famine ships or coffin ships because many people died in the journey.The Celtic tiger: Young people left Ireland every year in search of work, but now many returning, prosperity brought by Celti Tiger. Government investment in education and tax incentives for multinational companies has meant that lots of the worlds top companies have opened offices in Ireland because people speak english and are higly skills. Irish no longer want to do traditional jobs such as farming or manul works or low paid.

Northern Ireland: For hundread of years Ireland was under Britain rules, the mayority didnt want this, and campaing to make Ireland Idependent started. In 1922 most of the island became independent, Republic of Ireland, but in the north six countries didnt and became part of the United Kingdom of great britain and Northern Ireland.The few catholics in the north found difficult to find jobs and houses so they protested against the government, wanting to became part of the republic again, Nationalists because thay want one united nation. The protestant protested and wanted to stay loyal to Britain , Loyalists.

British army tried to deal with the problem but both sides started a fight were 3600 were killed and 36000 were injured. The good Friday agreement was signed and ther was a ceasefire, this allowed Northern Ireland to have their own government.The Northern Ireland Assembly that was suspended after 4 years because the political parties couldnt work with each other. In 2007 they started again.Bloody Sunday: On Sunday Junary 30th, 1972, thousand of people were in a civil right march, they were protesting against internment, is when people is arrested and put into prison without having the right to a trial or a lawyer, this was legal in Northern Ireland 1971-1975. The march was peaceful and a small gruopu of boys started throwing stones ar soldiers who were folling the march, the soldiers started shooting and 14 people were died and 14 injured.The United States of AmericaThe nationalflag of the United States of America, consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in thecanton , fifty small, white,stars. on the flag represent the 50states of the United States of Americaand the 13 stripes represent thethirteen British coloniesthat declared independence from theKingdom of Great Britainand became the first states in the Union.

White:purity and innocence blue:justice and perserverance red:courage and strenghtThe continent fo America: North America and South America, conected by central america. North America: Canada, the United States and Mexico. The 3 largest in the world.

It is said that America was discovered by Columbus, but the people living there arrived 20.000 years before. The native americans told him the legend of a fair skinned blue eyes god who would one dar return from across the sea.

The United States: Spanish, French and British established colonies (which are now states) and claimed the territory for themselves. They were still under Bristis rule and had to pay taxes to Britain.Then 13 colonies joined forces and declared the war (1775) Tomas Jefferson wrote the American Declaration of Independence. The colonies won the War of Independence and toghether they formed the united states, with George Washington as the first president.The American Constitution was written by representatives from12 of the 13 states. Then other bigin to join now they are 50.Native Americans Colombus tought that he had arrived in India = Indians. European= savages. Others =redskins because of the red paint that a tribu used to decorate their bodies. If you ask themm they will tell you the tribe that they belong to. They speak different language and has different customs and dress, they seatelled apart one from each other, allowing each tribe to keep its language and traditions intact.Indians and money= 1 in 3 Native Americans is living below the poverty line. No long time ago the government passed a law allowing Indians to open casionos on their reservations. They earn millons of dollars and help them to be self-sufficient and create new jobs for young people. Many people are not agrre because they say that casinos bring corruption and young indians forget about their traditions.

GUNS= 90 students and staff have been killed.

The US has only 5% of world s population but it uses a quater of its oil.Cars and transport are the main form of energy use. CanadaTheNational Flag of Canada,[1]also known as theMaple Leaf is aflagconsisting of a red field with a white square at its centre, in the middle of which is featured a stylized, 11-pointed, redmaple leaf. the maple leaf represents unity across the entire country. White represents peace and honesty, and red represents hardiness, bravery, strength and valor.Capital: Ottawa

The maple tree and its distinctive leaves are more than a fixture of Canada's natural beauty. 10 varieties of maple grow in Canada, so the tree is abundant and recognizable throughout the country.Cnada 2 largest country in the world, has the longest coast line of any country in the world. Altough is bigger than US they have 35 millon people living in the country, and 80% of them live within 200 km of the US border. It has 2 millon lakes (60% of the world) and 1.000 natural parks. It is multicultural, many of them speak french as a first language and a lot of people from ethinc groups. They all say WE ARE NOT US.Most popular sport: Hockey. Young people also like swimming, baseball, skiing, volleyball and lacrosse.Its very important for them.Skatebording is growing among the youngers one.

Adbusters foundation is based in Vancouver.Aims to educate people about consumer society. It has founded Buy nothing day people who take part dont buy anything for a day.TorontoHome to over 2,615,060 people, Toronto is the most-populous city in Canada. The city boasts of having the tallest freestanding structure in the world, the CN Tower; it measures at a height of 553.33 meters. Toronto is an educational center with a number of colleges, universities, and other professional institutes. University of Toronto, York University, and Ryerson University are some of the premier schools of higher education in the city.

MontrealThe second-largest city in Canada, Montreal is an important commercial, financial, and industrial center. The city also serves as an important center for aerospace, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, culture, tourism, film and world affairs. It is well known for hosting a number of festivals such as the "Montreal Jazz Festival" and Montrael Canadian Grand Prix.VancouverKnown for its attractions such as the Granville Island, Robson Street, and Stanley Park, the city of Vancouver is located on west coast of Canada. It is a beautiful and vibrant city surrounded by water from three sides. With an estimated population of two million, Vancouver is the third-largest city in Canada.

West Indies

Theflag of theWest Indies Federationwas used between 1958 and 1962. It bore four equally spaced narrow white stripes with a large orange-gold disc over the middle two lines in the center of the flag, undulating horizontally across a blue field representing theCaribbean Seaand the sun shining upon the waves.

Language: English is spoken on mosto of the islands and creole, that is a local language,different on each island because it is a mixture of the west african language of the slaves and the European language of the colonial power. It is official in Haiti and The Antilles. It is not considered a language in the English speaking islands because the Bristish did not considere it to be a language and did not allowed to be tought in schools.The Caribbean ot the West indies is an archipielago of at least 7000 islands, reefs and cays that goes from the tip of Florida to the north of Venezuela- The term more use today is Caribbean Basin.

The Islands have a colonial past and some of them are still colonies today. Anguilla, Bermudas Cayman Islands. The islands were discovered by Columbus when he Landed on San Salvador, now The Bahamas. They were enthisiastic because they saw the gold and jewls that native people wore. They made laws to force native to bring gold every three months. Anyone who wnated to scaped was killed. In 5 years 1/3 of the natives population had been killed. When others conties herad about the new world they soon colonised the caribbean (British, French and Duch)

Cotton, sugar and tobacco grew well on the islands and the british started transporting ciminals from Britain to work the fields, then slaves from west africa.

Pirates: 1560 1730 the pirates atraccted by the ships full of gold, silver and tobacco that spanish were were transporting. The caribbean was an ideal place to hide for the great ports, hig mountains and vegetation. Most of them were escaped slaves, criminals, unseccessful planters and free spirtis.They were also called buccaneers that attacked french and Spanish ships, they became strong and powerful that they even sailed to the US and captured some towns. The Bristish allowed them to port in Jamica and in returen the pirates helped the Bristish fight the spanish and estabilsh their own shiping route.

REGGAE: Jamaica is the home of one of the most popular music trends in the world reggae. The african slaves who worked on the plantations used songs and drum beats to lift their spirits, communicate secret messages and arrange protests. Reggae began to develop in the late 50s, Jamaica was becoming independent and people wanted to celebrate by singinig and dancing in the street.BOB MARLEY: He was born in Jamaica, son of a official Bristish army, his mother a jamaican woman. When his father left the family they moved to the capital looking for work. He joinned musci and found an escape to the reality of the daily life. He made his firs record when he was 16, he formed a band, when he was 21 he became rastafarian, his song became more spiritual and spoke of love and peace. He died of cancer at the age og 36. For some people he is a symbol of peace and understanding.

DEBT: Jamaica has a difficult economy, after they became independent they borrowed money from the International Monetary fund adn things didnt go well so they still have a big debt and they are paying much more of what they have asked, that is a bog problem for the country. Taking advantage of this big multinational factories moved to Jamaica and they make cloth without paying any taxes. The conditions are bad. Jamaica had become free trade zone that means that countires such US can export cheap food and goods to Jamaica, and sometimes they are poor quality and could not be sold in the US, people is eating sub standard food and local producers are losing their jobs, This is dumping.

Australia

Flag: The Australian National Flag has three elements on a blue background. The Union Jack in the upper left corner (or canton) acknowledges Australias historical links with the United Kingdom.

Below the Union Jack is a white Commonwealth Star. It has seven points representing the unity of the six states and the territories of the Commonwealth of Australia. The seventh point was added in 1908 and is the only change to the flag since 1901. The Southern Cross is shown on the fly (or right

hand side) of the flag in white. This constellation of five stars can be seen only from the southern

hemisphere and is a reminder of Australias geography.

Capital Caberra

Australia is the sixth largest country in the world and the largest island. Its the smallest and oldes continent. Driest continet and the least populated one. The flatest continent. It has a rich variety of weird animals and plants. Kangaroos means I dont understand your questions in native language. They are the largest marsupials. There are 50 or more varieties of Kangaroo.

EMUS second largest birds in the world, they can not fly, but they run very quickly adn can swim.Male emus look after the eggs and the young birds.

KOALAS: they live in eucalyptus trees, they only eat eucalyptus leaves and sleep 18 hours a day because it takes them so long to digest their food.PLATYPUS: monotreme, the oldest type of animal in the world, there are only two types left and both live in Australia. They are very shy and hides as soon as it hears a noise. Swims with eyes an ears closed, is protected by law.Australia day on January 26th is Australias official national day. It commemorates the landing of the first ships from Britain, the family get toghter they spend the day in the beach , they eat barbecue.

ABORIGINES: They are the austalians native people, probably form Indonesia and New Ginea, they were nomades and lived as hunters and gatheres eating what animals and plants they found. The British arrived in Australia and saw an unspoilt land and wide open spaces encouraged Britain to colonise the island and send its most violent prisoners there. The British did not recognise the Aborigines and declared that Austalia was terra nullis (an empty land) , they claimed for Aboriginal land and resources. In 1992 the Aborigines were recognised as Australias native people for the first time. They live in tribal groups but they all share similar traditions and beliefs.Today only 500.00 aborigines, living in poor conditions and their health is much worse than that of white austalians.

THE STOLEN GENERATION: 1910-1970 /100.000 Aboriginal children were taken from their parents and put into orphanages and white foster homes (they dont adopt them as own child). The idea was to killed the culture by taking away their childrend. Many of them never told their real origines, and many were used as servents.

ABORIGINAL FLAG: he symbolic meaning of the flag colours (as stated by Harold Thomas) is:[5] Black: Represents the Aboriginal people of Australia

Red: Represents the red earth, the red ochre and a spiritual relation to the land

Yellow: Represents the Sun, the giver of life and protector

ULURU: most famous landmarks, it belongs to aborigines and it is a sacred placed for them. They belive that it was created during dream time, when the world was created.Sydneyismost populous cityinAustraliaIt is located on Australia's south-east coastResidents are together known as "Sydneysiders" and constitute the most multicultural city in Australia and one of the most multicultural cities in the world. Sydney has an advancedmarket economywith strengths in finance, manufacturing, and tourism There is a significant concentration of foreign banks and multinational corporations in Sydney millions of tourists come to Sydney each year to see the city's landmarks. Man-made attractions such as theSydney Opera House

New Zealand

Flag The New Zealand Flag is the symbol of the realm, government and people of New Zealand. Its royal blue background represents of the blue sea and clear sky surrounding us. The stars of the Southern Cross emphasise this country's location in the South Pacific Ocean. The Union Jack in the first quarter recognises New Zealand's historical origins as a British colony and dominion. It has anumber of other oficial flags.

CAPITAL Wellington

Official Languages: English an Maori

MAORIS: They arrived in New Zwland form Polinesia 1.500 years ago, they live in peace for almost 1000 years, then an European descovered the land and Capitan Cook claimed them for Britain. They sign a pacto where the maoris stay as owners of the lands and under British rules, after that more british arrived and began to estabilished in Maoris land, they started a war, many were killed, at the end of the war much of the Maoris land had benn consfiscated.In 1995 the New Zealand government and the queen of the largest Maori tribal sign an agrrement to give back the land to the maoris, they recevied and apology from Queen Elizabeth II fot the way the British had treated them.TRANSLATION: The translation of the Treaty of Waitaingi caused many problems , the Maoris understood that they were guardians of the land, while the agreement said that the British had the right to govern the land.

Bungees jumping: famous sport in new zealand, the secret is that even though that it looked very dangerous is very safe. Its 180 meters up and down, in a two man seat suspended beneath a giant parasail. Around 120000 a year tray this sport.KIA KAHA: Campaign that works with schools against bulling, it means stay strong in maori. Many young people from maori or mixed backgruond are affected by bulling. Tey help them how to identify bullyning and the way to denfense themselves, they learn from each other.Asia

Asiais theEarth'slargest and most populouscontinent, located primarily in theeasternandnorthern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and comprises 30% of its land area. With approximately 4.427 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's currenthuman population.Asia is home to severallanguage familiesand manylanguage isolates. Most Asian countries have more than one language that is natively spoken. For instance, according toEthnologue, more than 600 languages are spoken in Indonesia, more than 800 languages spoken in India, and more than 100 are spoken in the Philippines. China has many languages and dialects in different provinces.

Countries (47) such as China, India, Japan, Russia, Malaysia are part of Asia.GANDHI:was born in India, he became involved in civil rights and developed his theory of non violent protest. He fought against British goods and institutions, the British arrested him with other thousands of indians more, they encourage people to use only indian cloth made from indians. He lead the salt march protesting against the taxes the people had to pay in salt.Gandhi started the QUIT INDIA campaing in order to get the British to leave the country. India became independant but was divided into 2 countries India and Pakistan, and Gandhi refueses to celebrate de indepndence. He was assassianted in 1948 by an extremist. He was voted the person of the millennium.Mahatma = Great soul.

Bagalore created a new industrial district called Electronic city where hi-tech companies could open up offices, thanks to that population has grown and now India and specially Bangalore has become the centre of the global information techonology services industry. 500 multinational like Intel, IBM, have operations in Bangalore.Hinglish: one of the trendiest languages at the moment in India and in the asian community in Britain. Mixture of Hindi and English. ARRANGED MARRIAGES: are common in Asia. Many young people know that their parents are going to choose a bride or a groom for them. Usually the most important part is what they recieve from that union, sometimes they join land to make them more valuable, or help them to gain a better social status. When the marriage is arranged the young people can choose whether they want to marrie or not. However when they refuese the family can see it as a luck of respect.DOWRY: is a quantity of money or other valuable possessions that the bride gives to her husband to be before they get marriage. Its illegal in India but the tradition is still strong. Raising the money for the parents can be a huge worry specially if they have more than one doughter, somentimes they must sell teir possessiones or ask for a loan.AfricaAfricais the world's second-largest and second-most-populouscontinent. ItS the oldes continet. Its the home of 900 million people It covers six percent of theEarth's total surface area and 20.4 percent of the total land area.[Over a thousandlanguagesAre spoken in Africa.Most are of African origin, though some are of European or Asian origin. Africa is the mostmultilingualcontinent in the world. There are four majorlanguage familiesindigenous to Africa.

TheAfro-Asiaticlanguages are a language family of about 240 languages

Nilo-Saharanlanguage family consists of more than a hundred languages

NigerCongolanguage family covers much of Sub-Saharan Africa and is probably the largest language family in the world in terms of different languages.

TheKhoisanlanguages number about fifty and are spoken inSouthern Africa

Islamis the largest religion in Africa, followed byChristianity. A small number of Africans areHindu,Buddhist,Confucianist,Baha'i, or have beliefs from theJudaic tradition.AFRICAN SLAVES: 40 million africans were sold as slaves and sent to American and the West Indies to work in plantations. They were usually chainged together and many had a 5 kg metal ball attached to theri feet or neeck. Although slavery officially ended many people specially children are kept as slaves away from their families.

FAMINE: is one of the biggest problems in Africa, millions died every year, specially for the lack of water. Another reason is that many contries are not self sufficient and they do not have enough money to buy food to feet the population. In Africa 34% suffer from malnutrition.APARTHEID: was the system of racial segregation of government in south africa.They were classified according to their race and mixed race marriages were not permitted. It officialy ended in 1994 when south africa held democratic elections and Nelson Mandela became the first black president. The effects are still felt and many blacks still live below the poverty line and 1 in 4 has no permanent house-