rome - intro
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Rome - Intro. CHW3M Ms. Gluskin York Mills CI. A Practical and Monumental Civilization. Public toilets at Ostia, 40 BCE. Cloaca Maxima, sewer. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Rome - Intro
CHW3MMs. GluskinYork Mills CI
A Practical and Monumental Civilization
Wilke D. Schram. The Roman Water System. 2006. http://www.romanaqueducts.info/aquapub/tardieu_photos.htm (March 29, 2012).
Cloaca Maxima, sewer
Public toilets at Ostia, 40 BCE
Affordable Housing Institute: US. The Economics of Water: Part 5 – Roman Municipal Finance. 2012. http://affordablehousinginstitute.org/blogs/us/2008/04/the-economics-of-water-part-5-roman-municipal-finance.html (March 29, 2012).
Familiar To Many People…
Keith Hopkins, The Colosseum: Emblem of Rome, BBC History, 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/colosseum_01.shtml (April 1, 2013).
Colosseum, amphitheatre in Rome
Aqueduct in Segovia, Spain
PBS, Building Big, Tunnel Basics, Ancient Roman Aqueduct, 2001, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/tunnel/aqueduct.html (April 1, 2013).
Historical Thinking Concepts
Evidence
Historical Perspectives
Continuity & ChangeCause &
Consequence
Trial of the Assassins of Julius Caesar
Roman Emperor PPT Assignment
Mostly secondary sources
Timeline of Republic
700s BCE – Etruscan civilization
753 BCE – Founding of Rome
509 BCE – Roman Republic begins
Monarchy
Republic = form of government with no monarchy
Timeline of Empire
Republic
About.com. Legendary Rome Timeline. 2012. http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/romehistory/tp/Legendary-Rome-Timeline.htm (March 29, 2012).
Romulus and Remus, legendary founders of Rome
44 BCE: Rome at the end of the Republic
Metropolitan Museum. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. The Roman Republic. 2000. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/romr/hd_romr.htm (March 29, 2012).
Theme #1: Growth & Expansion
W.W. Norton Publishing, Ralph's World Civilizations Chapter 9, 1997,
http://www.wwnorton.com/college/history/ralph/resource/rome.htm (March 30, 2013).
Expansion began from the city of Rome (red dot) circa 500 BCE and extended to the purple, pink and yellow areas by the end of the republic (44 BCE)
Geographic Features That Affected Rome’s Development
Physical map of Europe
Free Maps of the World. Physical Map of Europe. N.d., http://www.freeworldmaps.net/europe/index.html (April
2, 2012).
Orientation Toward the Sea
TradeCoastal tradeTherefore:
Eventually Rome was able to dominate the Mediterranean.
No Internal Physical Barriers
There were mountains but they didn’t divide like in Greece
Therefore: There was more unity than in Greece after
the Romans (a tribe) began expanding and conquering other territories.
Agriculture
Very fertile soil (due to volcanic ash)Good riversPopulation growth meant that there still
wasn’t enough landNeed to import grain from Sicily and Egypt
Therefore:Romans needed to conquer more territory in
order to expand (military)Carthage potential enemy
The Alps
These mountains separated Rome from the rest of Europe
Po River was seen as a border dividing civilized Rome from northern “barbarians”
Therefore: Rome felt protected by these mountains,
possibly superiorThere were invasions, however
Alps
Hannibal crossing the Alps
Alps
Archaeology Photoblog. Hannibal In the Alps. Stanford Alpine Archaeology Project: 1994-2006.
http://traumwerk.stanford.edu/archaeolog/2006/04/hannibal_in_the_alps_stanford_1.html (March 29, 2012).
Romanization
Roman bath in Bath, England
Bath and Northeast Somerset Council, The Roman Baths, Bath, N.d. http://www.romanbaths.co.uk/
(March 30, 2013).
Romanization = spread of Roman values and culture
Theme #2: Importance of Citizenship
Ruins of Forum Romanum, where citizens came to meet
National Geographic News, Photo Gallery: Ancient Rome Reborn in 3-D, Oct. 28, 2010,
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/08/photogalleries/rome-reborn/photo8.html (March 30, 2013).
Privileges of citizenship – see pages 176-177 in textbook
Privileges of Roman Citizenship
Protected in law from random power of magistrates
Child of father citizen is citizen (if…)Less taxes, no tribute paymentSlave freed by citizen is citizen (if…)
Theme #3: Struggle of the Orders – Patricians vs. Plebeians
The Plebeians went on strike in the 400s BCE (plebeian secession)
The Twelve Tables (law code from the 400s BCE) Table VIII. 2. If one has maimed the limb and does not compromise
with the injured person, let there be retaliation. If one has broken a bone of a freeman with his hand or with a cudgel, let him pay a penalty of three hundred coins. If he has broken the bone of a slave, let him have one hundred and fifty coins. If one is guilty of insult, the penalty shall be twenty-five coins.
Table XI.1. Marriages should not take place between plebeians and patricians. [Later struck down.]
Oliver J. Thatcher, ed., The Library of Original Sources (Milwaukee: University Research Extension Co., 1901), Vol. III: The Roman World, pp. 9-11. In Paul Halsall, Ancient History Sourcebook: The Roman Republic: The Twelve Tables http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/12tables.html (June 1998), August 10, 2002
Theme #4: Complicated Form of Government in Republic
Elements of monarchy – but they hate kings [2 Consuls and other magistrates]
Elements of aristocracy – but not 100% pure power for them [Senate]
Elements of democracy – but not direct democracy like in Athens [committees and tribunes]
Balanced Government?
2 Consuls + other magistrates
Committees Councils, Tribunes
Magistrates (gov’t officials)
Magistrates want to climb the Cursus Honorum
CensorsConsuls
Praetors
AedilesQuaestors
Why is dictator not on the cursus honorum?
Census and censorship
Army
Justice, relations between Romans and non-Romans
Roads, water, etc.
Financial matters
Theme #5: State Religion
The concrete dome of the Pantheon, a temple originally built to honour all of the Roman gods. Later it was turned into a Christian Church in the 600s CE after the empire became Christian (300s CE).
McGill Architecture, Pantheon Rome, 2005, http://www.arch.mcgill.ca/prof/sijpkes/abc-structures-2005/Lectures-2005/term-work/50-questions/sixth-five.html (March 30, 2013).
Rome.info, Roman Pantheon, 2003-2009, http://www.rome.info/pantheon/ (April 1, 2013).
Etruscans
They were another tribe on the Italian peninsula just north of Rome
Highly advanced culture Some of Rome’s 7 early kings were
Etruscan
Etruscan urn, 4th or 3rd century BCE
Metropolitan Museum. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. Cinerary Urn. 2000. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/96.9.225a,b (March 29, 2012).
Etruscan Cultural Contributions to Rome
Greek alphabetUrban infrastructure
TunnelsDamsArches and vaults
Religious practicesAnimism = spirits are everywhereTaking auspices = predicting the future by
looking at the livers of animals
Kevin J. McGowan, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Frequently Asked Questions About Crows, 2010,
http://www.birds.cornell.edu/crows/crowfaq.htm (April 1, 2013).
Etruscan Cultural Contributions, con’t
Funereal games = gladiator games eventually
SymbolsFasces = became a
Roman symbol of imperium,
having the power over life
and death
(see page 168 in textbook) fasces
Livius. Fasces. N.d., http://www.livius.org/fa-fn/fasces/fasces.html (March 29, 2012).
Homework Day 1:
Take notes on 172-176: Importance of Gauls, Sicily and southern
SpainCarthaginians, HannibalScipio AfricanusAddition of eastern territoryColoniaeVia Appia
Homework Takeup: 172-176
Name two societies that at one point defeated the Romans.
Name two societies the Romans defeated.
What was the importance of coloniae to the Romans?
How did roads help Romanize the Italian peninsula?
Monarchical, Aristocratic or Democratic Element of Republican Government?
Includes the two leaders of the armies
A check on their power is that they can only serve one year in a row
It looks like they might have the most power in this supposedly “balanced” system
A check on their power is that they control where the army is sent
Patricians with a lot of power
A check on their power is that they must agree
Eventually came to have some say against patricians
Roman Social CustomsBeliefs:
SuperstitiousGreeks and Etruscans, added their ownAuspices, military, elections, godsAstrology, zodiacPontifex Maximus, calendarAnimal sacrifices
Family Life and Morality:FamilyPaterfamilias, household, wife, children,
slavesPotestas Property Adoption LoveRecognized
EducationTogetherLatin Home, in public 16, ForumNo educationGirls