Sanitary Engineering

University of Palestine Dr. Hasan Hamouda

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Course Syllabus

Instructor:Dr. Hasan HamoudaB. Sc. Process Engineering , TUC, GermanyM. Sc. Process Engineering - Mass transfer TUC, GermanyPhD Process & Environmental Engineering, TUC, GermanyEmail: h.hamouda@up.edu.ps

Course Information:Prerequisite: Environmental EngineeringSemester: 2nd 2009 - 2010Class location: K 203Class time: Sun., Tues. 09:30 - 11:00

University of Palestine Dr. Hasan Hamouda

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Course Description:

• Concepts of sewage collection

• Sewage collection management

• Storm water management

• Wastewater treatment

Course Syllabus

University of Palestine Dr. Hasan Hamouda

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Course MaterialsText bookSupplementary booksPowerPoint slides

Course Textbook:Water Supply and Sewerage Sixth Edition, Terence J. McGhee Lafayette College

Other Book:Water Quality Characteristics, Modelling, Modification. G Tchobanoglous & E. Schroeder.

Course work:Assignments and homework 20%Midterm Exam 20%Final exam 60%

Course Syllabus

University of Palestine Dr. Hasan Hamouda

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Course Syllabus

IntroductionSanitary EngineeringCourse objectives and outline

Wastewater CollectionSewerage systemsPreliminary studiesSewer hydraulicsPipe materialsLoad on pipesDesign of wastewater collection systemAppurtenances

University of Palestine Dr. Hasan Hamouda

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Course Syllabus

Design of Storm Water Drainage SystemObjectivesDrainage systemsComponentsApproachQuantitiesDesign of storm water collection system

Wastewater TreatmentWastewater treatment , Types & methods of WWTIntroduction to wastewater reuseIntroduction to sludge treatment

Introduction

The sanitary engineer job became essential with the rapid increase of cities and other rural population concentrations.

Sanitary Engineering Fields

Water supply

-Collection systems -Treatment-Reuse (and/or) disposal

- Storm water collection- Storm water reuse (and/or) disposal- Storm water treatment (if needed)

-Water collection -Ground water -Surface water -Water treatment-Water Distribution

Waste water Management

Storm water Management

Solid waste Management

- Collection systems- Treatment methods- Reuse (and/or) disposal

WASTE WATER COLLECTION SYSTEM DIFINITIONS

Sewer: Sewers are under ground pipes or conduits which carry sewage to points of disposal.

Sewage: The Liquid waste from a community is called sewage. Sewage is classified into domestic and non-domestic sewage. The non domestic sewage is classified into industrial, commercial, institutional and any other sewage that is not domestic.

Sewerage: The entire system used for collection, treatment and disposal of Liquid waste. This includes pipes, manholes, and all structures used for the above mentioned purposes.

Infiltration: It is the water which inters the sewers from ground water through Leaks from loose joints or cracks.

Inflow: It is the water which inters the sewers from the manholes during rainfall events.

Manhole

Under ground Sewer

Type of Wastewater Source of wastewater

Gray water Washing water from the kitchen, bathroom, laundry (without faces and urine)

Black water Water from flush toilet (faces and urine with flush water)

Yellow water Urine from separated toilets and urinals

Brown water Black water without urine or yellow water

Type of wastewater from household

Parameter Concentration (mg/l)

Strong Medium weak

BOD 400 220 110

COD 1000 500 250

Org-N 35 15 8

NH3-N 50 25 12

Total N 85 40 20

Total P 15 8 4

Total Solids 1200 720 350

Suspended solids

350 220 100

Typical characteristics of domestic wastewater (Polprasert, 1996)

Industrial wastewater

• The characteristics of industrial wastewater depend mainly on the type industry itself

• To discharge industrial wastewater to the public sewer it needs special control requirements

pH 6-10

Temperature 40 C

Suspended solids 400 mg/l

Total toxic metals 10 mg/l

Cadmium 0.1 mg/l

Cyanide 2 mg/l

Sulphate 1000 mg/l

Oil, grease 100 mg/l

Types of collection systems

Separate system

Sanitary system

Combined system

Both sanitary & storm water

1. Used for domestic and industrial wastes in addition to inflow and infiltration. Storm water is not considered.

2. It is preferred for the following:The size of pipes is much smaller than the

combined system sewers. This gives the advantage of good hydraulics in the pipe (the pipe is Designed to have a minimum velocity to prevent sedimentation of sand)

Separation of wastewater from storm water minimize the total quantity of sewage which has the following advantages :

1. Smaller pumping stations are needed. 2. Smaller and more efficient treatment plants

are needed. 3. Overflow of combined sewers in the storm

events produces pollution to environment which is not the case in separate sewer.

Only unavoidable Storm water inters the system which protects the system from the accumulation of sand in the sewers in the non-paved areas.

It is used for both storm water and wastewater.

It is preferred for the following cases:For areas of long rainy seasons.For areas where it is difficult to construct two

pipelines in the streets crowded with other services (electricity, telephone, gas, etc...).

It’s not preferred for areas of short rainy season, and for areas poorly paved which leads to the accumulation of sand in the system.

Combined system is 40% lower in cost than separate system.

Storm water

Generally, most of the countries recently

preferring separate systems.