scherr bcf side event, sbsta 6 june 2013
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Achieving Mitigation at Scale through Climate-Smart Landscapes
Sara J. Scherr, President, EcoAgriculture PartnersEnabling Land Use Activities in Developing Countries’ Context: Constraints and Opportunities, UNFCCC SBSTA 38Bonn, Germany 6 May 2013
Emissions from land use:22% of global greenhouse gas emissions
GHG emissions by sector in 2010, Source: UNEP
Forestry; 11%
Agriculture; 11%
Waste; 4%
Energy; 35%
Industry; 18%
Transport; 13%
Building; 8%
Shares of GHG Emissions by Sector
Sector Emission reduction potential in 2020 (GtCO2e)
Agriculture 1.1 – 4.3
Forestry 1.3 – 4.2
Power 2.2 – 3.9
Industry 1.5 – 4.6
Transport 1.7 – 2.5
Buildings 1.4 – 2.9
Waste Around 0.8
Total (Full range) 10 – 23
Total 17 +/- 3
Sectoral GHG emission reduction potentials in 2020
Source: UNEP 2012. The Emissions Gap Report 2012. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
Rationale for climate mitigationstrategy at landscape scale1) Lower aggregate cost for net emission
reduction through diverse land uses
2) Uses land to fullest potential by capability
3) Recognizes the interdependence of land uses (spatial, temporal)
4) Carbon-rich landscapes support climate adaptation, livelihood development and other ecosysteml benefits
5) Potential for action at scale
Mitigation potential of forest conservation and afforestation/reforestation
Source: Palm 2000 (ASB)
Mitigation potential from other land use interventions
– beyond afforestation and reforestation
Source: CCAFS Big Facts 2013, data from Smith et al 2008
Climate-smart landscapes: Food, livelihoods, mitigation, resilience, ecosystems
Mitigation is not the primary motivation for action—but the co-benefit from actions mobilized by land managers and large political constituencies
Multi-stakeholder negotiation and planning
Landscape-scale innovation on the ground:79 communities of practice identified
Climate mitigation in integrated landscape initiatives
Latin America & Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa
# Potential Integrated Landscape Initiatives Identified
> 300 > 150
# Integrated Landscape Initiatives Documented
104 87
# Countries Represented 21 33
Most Common Motivations for Stakeholder Collaboration
Biodiversity Conservation, Reducing Natural Resource
Degradation
Biodiversity and Natural Resource Conservation
Average # Primary Stakeholders Involved in Initiative
11(farmers, local government,
NGOs)
9+(local/district
government, NGOs, producer groups)
Landscapes for People, Food and Nature Iniiative, Continental Reviews
Climate mitigation in integrated landscape initiatives
Latin America & Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa
% of initiatives for which ‘mitigating climate change or obtaining carbon credits was an objective
73% 41%
Agro-ecological intensification 65% 53%
Agroforestry 59% 53%
Soil conservation 67% 70%
Improved forestry management
48% 56%
Estratda, et al. 2013, submitted
Case 1: Climate-smart rice landscapes in MadagascarLocation: Lake Alaotra-Mangoro
subregion, Eastern arc of central highlands
Scale: 20,984 km2, 30,000 farmers in region of 125,000-150,000
Financing: $5,104,925- Adaptation Fund
Key investments: Integrated resilient rice (MIRR) - improved varieties, SWM
On-farm mitigation practices: Intercropping, cover cropping, agroforestry, mulching, System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
Landscape-scale mitigation practices: Integrated watershed management, tree-planting, limiting deforestation
Case 2: Sahel and West Africa program in support of the Great Green Wall Initiative
Location: Western Africa and Sahelian countries
Scale: 12 countries, countries identify geographic priorities
Financing: $80.4 m GEF, $20.4 Least Developed Countries Fund, $4.6 m Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF), co-financing of $1.8 billion from WB in 12 countries
On-farm mitigation practices: Sustainable Land and water management (SLWM) practices including water erosion control, windbreaks, agroforestry and conservation tillage
Landscape-scale mitigation practices: Land rehabilitation, reduced deforestation, forest buffer zones, wildlife corridors, rotational grazing, community forestry
Advances in landscape-scale monitoring across multiple dimensions CDM Agroforestry
methodology New VCS (SALM) Carbon Benefits Project ICRAF landscape
surveillance REDD – ALERT (ICRAF,
EU) The Earth Partners VCS SHAMBA SAMPLES
Policy recommendations to promote landscape-scale climate mitigation
1) Incorporate mitigation benefits into all sectoral investments
2) Align policy across sectors & jurisdictions
3) Support stakeholder forums to coordinate sectoral and spatial activities and investments
