CLASS XII POLITICAL SCIENCE MATERIAL

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15. 16. Why was the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation also called Western Alliance?17. What is meant by Hegemony?18. Which major factor was responsible for the dramatic victory of Indira Gandhi in 1971 elections?19. Name the three social and political regions of the Northern most State of India.20. Why were the seven small states created in North-East India?21. Why was the Warsaw Pact also called the ‗Eastern Alliance‘22. What was ‗Operation Enduring Freedom‘?23. Define „Bipolarity‟.24. What was the main objective of „Operation Desert Storm‟ ?25. How did the U.S. respond to the 9/11 attacks ?26. Highlight any one major distinction between the Soviet economy and the Capitalist economy.27. How far do you agree that the proclamation of emergency weakened the federal distribution of power in India ?28. Justify that “Regionalism is not as dangerous as Communalism”.29. Why do some people feel that Article 370 should be revoked ?30. Highlight any one consequence of ‘Shock Therapy.’31. Explain hegemony as a soft power.32. What is the full form of ‘SEATO’ ?33. Highlight any one main feature of the U.S. economy.

35. How is „bandwagon‟ strategy beneficial within the hegemonic system?36. Why is the period from 1989 to 2014 called an era of coalition governments in India?37. Justify the abolition of Privy Purpose for bringing about economic equality.

38. Why should popular movments not be discouraged?39. How far can Shock Therapy be called the best way to make the transition from communism to Capitalism?40. What does „ASEAN Way‟ stand for?41. Explain the origin of Congress Syndicate.42. Highlight the main objective of SAARC.43. The phrase „Aya Ram, Gaya Ram‟ refers to which drawback of the Indian political system?44. Inspite of possessing nuclear power, why didn’t both the super powers go for a full-fledged war?45. Why was the ‘First Gulf War’ called a ‘Computer War’ ?46. Give an example to illustrate the globalization of services.47. How far was it justified on the part of India to give asylum to Dalai Lama and a large number of Tibetans ?48. Which two major tasks were given to the Mandal Commission ?49. Why did the super powers decide to collaborate in limiting or eliminating nuclear power ?50. Why was the ‘First Gulf War’ called the ‘Video Game War’ ?51. Give an example to show that events taking place in one part of the world could have an impact on another part of the world.52. What was the impact of the Sino-Indian conflict of 1962 on the Communist Party of India ?53. When did the era of coalition Governments start at the Centre in India and why ?54. What is meant by ―9/ 11‖ i n the context of U. S.A. ?55. Correct the foll owi ng state ment and re write:ASEAN stands for ―Associ ati on of Sout h East Af ri can Nati on‖.56. Ho w many Per manent me mbers and how many Non- per manent Me mbers does the U. N. security Council have?57. What is meant by ―Security‖. ?58. What is the ―Two nati on Theory‖ advanced by the Musli m League?59. Na me t he founder President of the Congress Soci alist party. What na me was gi ve to this Party after 1948. ?60. After whi ch General Electi on i n Indi a di d Congress Party l ose it do mi nance for the first ti me at the Centre. ?61. After the deat h of Lal Bahadur Shastri, whi ch two leaders of the Congress Part y contested agai nst one anot her to beco me leader of the Congress

parli ament ary party. ?62. Na me t he popul ar move ment whi ch de manded that no forest expl oiti ng contract shoul d be gi ven to any outsi der ?63. Na me whi ch year di d the era of Coalition Governments at the Centre begi n i n Indi a ?64. Na me t he political party of Indi a whi ch was founded by Acharya Narendra Dev before i ndependence.65. What is meant by ‗ Congress Syndi cate‘?66. Me nti on any one objective of the United Nati ons.67. The States of whi ch region of Indi a are referred to as the ‗Seven Sisters?68. Whe n was Constituti on of Indi a ready and si gned by me mbers ofConstituent Asse mbl y? Whe n di d it co me i nto effect?69. What is meant by Pri vy Purse?70. Me nti on any one function of the Worl d Bank.71. Me nti on any one poi nt of agree ment i ncl uded in t he Raji v Gandhi- Longowal Accord.

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80. 81. 82.Why was the ‘operation desert storm’ fought against Iraq?83.What is the full form of SAARC?84.State any one important objective of the United Nations?85.What is meant by disarmament?86.Mention the main recommendation of the State Reorganization Commission of 1953?87.Who was the founder of Bharatiya Jana Sangh?88.Which two political parties were the major partners in the ruling alliance after the 1971 General Elections to the Lok Sabha?89.Name the political party which came to power at the centre in 1977.90.Mention the two main demands of the Bharatiya Kisan Union in 1980s.

91.Name the two alliances/fronts that formed the Government at the centre in 1989 and 1996 respectively.92. Who controls the north-eastern part of Sri Lanka ?93. Mention any two Human Rights in the political field.94. During the first three general elections, Congress won more seatsthan any other party. Which party stood at number two during theseelections ?95. Why was the Congress Party defeated during the elections of 1977 ?96.Mention the names of any two member states of SAARC.97.What is meant by strategy of hide?98.How many judges are there in the International Court of Justice?What is there tenure?99.How is balance of power a component of traditional security?100.What was P.C Mahalanobis famous for?101.Which political party emerged as the largest opposition party in the first general election of free India?102.What was congress syndicate?103.Mention any one finding of the Shah Commission of inquery?104.What is meant by party-based movements?105.Which region of India is referred to as Seven Sisters?

2 Marks Questions:

1. What constrained the Super Powers to go for a full-fledged war inspite ofhaving nuclear weapons?2. Assess the role of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad towards maintaining communalharmony in India.3. Match the following in Column ‘A’ with those in Column ‘B’ in a meaningfulway :Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’(i) Head of the Commission of Enquiry (a) Chowdhary Charan Singh(ii) Deputy Prime Minister of India from (b) Jagjiwan Ram1967 to 1969(iii) Deputy Prime Minister of India from (c) J.C. Shah1977-79(iv) Union Minister of India from 1952-1977 (d) Morarji Desai4. What was ‘Operation’ Blue Star’? Why did it hurt the sentiments of the SikhCommunity?5. Why and how did the Mizo Movement for secession gain popular support?6. Mention any two of the agreements signed between the two super powersstarting in the 1960s.7. Name any four founders of NAM and the countries they belonged to

respectively.8. Mention any two major military features of the Cold War.9. “The leaders of the newly independent India did not see politics as a problem;they saw it as a way of solving the problems.” How far do you agree with thestatement ?10. Match the following :A B(a) A politically controversialappointment(i) Charu Mjumdar(b) Led the Railway strike in 1974 (ii) Jayaprakash Narayan(c) Declined to join Nehru’s Cabinet (iii) George Fernandes(d) Died in police custody (iv) Justice A.N. Ray11. While the rest of the country was reorganized on linguistic lines in 1950s, whyhad Punjab to wait till 1966 ?12. How was the reorganization of North-East India completed and by when ?13. What is meant by the Cuban Missile Crisis ?14. Which two ideologies were involved in a conflict during the Cold War era andwhy ?15. Mention any two reasons for the emergence of a Cold War situation after theSecond World War.16. Analyse the circumstances that compelled the Communist Party of India to gofor a split in 1964.17. Match the following in a meaningful way:(A) (B)(Nature of regional aspirations) (States)(a) Socio-religious identity leading to statehood. (i) Mizoram(b) Linguistic identity and tension with centre. (ii) Jharkhand(c) Regional imbalance leading to demand for statehood. (iii) Punjab(d) Secessionist demands on account of tribal identity. (iv) Tamil Nadu18. Assess the Rajiv Gandhi – Longowal Accord as a step towards bringingnormalcy to Punjab.19. Why is it said that the story of Nagaland is similar to that of Mizoram ?20. What was the strength of the non-aligned countries as mediators between thesuper powers?21. Why is it said that the story of Nagaland is similar to that of Mizoram ?22. What is the attitude of the neutral states towards war?23. What is meant by the Cuba Missile Crisis?24. Suggest any two steps to be taken by the government to check pollution and save environment.25. “Welfare State is getting replaced by market.” Analyse the reason for this change.

26. How did the Sino-Indian conflict affect the opposition also?27. How did the dominance of Congress Party in the first three general elections help in establishing a democratic set-up in India?28. Mention any two benefits of globalisation.29. Suggest any two measures to have good relations with Pakistan.30. Which characteristics made the Congress an ideological coalition during the freedom movement of India ?31. Identify the most important outcome of the Rio Summit.32. How was the U.S. benefited by the Soviet disintegration ?33. Mention any four political parties of India which participated in the first three general elections.34. Suggest any two measures to protect your surroundings from pollution.35. The critics of globalisation want which two areas to be revived economically?36. Why did the one-party system, represented by the Communist Party, become a source of dissent and dissatisfaction among the Soviet people?37. Explain any adverse economic impact of Nuclear Weapons.38. What is meant by Shock Therapy ?39. Assess the situation which compelled Mahatma Gandhi not to participate in any of the Independence Day celebrations on 15th August, 1947.40. What was the theoretical argument in defence of the concept of non-congressism as given by Ram Manohar Lohia ?41. Highlight any two most novel aspects of the Chipko Movement.42. Why was Sikkim called a ‘protectorate’ of India ?43. Who toppled the Berlin Wall and when ?44. Distinguish between the ideologies of the Left parties and the Rightists regarding social change.45. What was the main objective of building the Berlin Wall ? What did it symbolize ?46. Analyse the main reason for the failure of Indian planning and the agrarian strategy in solving the massive problem of rural poverty.47. What was the main reason for the revival of economies of the most of the former Soviet Republics ?48. ‘The end of the paramountcy of the British crown over 565 Princely States.’ What does the statement imply ?49. Explain the issue ‘Indira Vs. the Syndicate’.50. How did the farmers associated with Bharatiya Kisan Union differ from most other farmers in India ?51. Give any two examples to show that the federal system adopted by India is a flexible arrangement.52. What is meant by a multi-polar world order as visualized by India and Russia ?53. When and why did the Election Commission of India start using, Electronic Voting Machines ?

54. Mention any two benefits to India from its relationship with Russia.55. Assess the role played by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad towards maintaining communal harmony in India.56. Na me t he t wo superpowers responsi ble for Col d War. When di d the worl d beco me uni pol ar ?57. Whe n was the ASEAN Regi onal forum established ? What was it mai n objecti ve ?58. Expl ai n the traditi onal concept of ―Security‘?59. Why are Internati onal Organi zati ons li ke the U. N. requi red ?60. Whi ch four Pri ncel y states of Indi a i niti all y resisted to joi n the Indi an Uni on ?61. Whi ch are the t wo models of devel opment ? Whi ch model of devel opment was adopted by Indi a ?62. What is Indi a‘s policy of Non- ali gnment ?63. Me nti on any t wo issues of concern rel ated to devel opment al projects such as Sardar Sarovar project.64. Hi ghli ght any t wo recomme ndati ons of the Mandal Co mmi ssi on.65. What is meant by ‗ Operati on Enduri ng Freedom ‗ ?66. Hi ghli ght the i mportance of popul ar move ments.67. Bef ore 1971, whi ch t wo reasons were a source of resent ment a mong t he peopl e of East Pakistan ( now Bangladesh) against West Pakistan ?68. Me nti on any t wo de mands of the Bharati ya Ki san Uni on

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79. Name any two foreign leaders, along with the countries they belonged to,who are recognised as the founders of the Non-aligned Movement.80. Trace the evolution process of the European Union.81. Mention any two functions of the World Bank.82. Highlight any two threats to a country’s security as per the traditionalnotion of security.83. Identify any two consequences of the partition of India in 1947.84. Differentiate between the capitalist and the socialist models ofdevelopment.85. Highlight the contribution made by Jawaharlal Nehru to the foreignpolicy of India.86. What does the special status given to Jammu and Kashmir underArticle 370 mean ?87. How does party-based movement differ from non-party movement ?88. Which organisation came into existence in April 1949 ?89. What was ‘Operation Enduring Freedom’ launched by the United Statesof America ?90. In spite of token representation in the Indian legislatures during thefifties, what role did the opposition parties play ?91. Highlight any two characteristics of the Dravidian Movement.92.Define cold war.93.Mention any two consequences of Shock Therapy.94.State any one way to overcome hegemony.95.Write the full form of SAARC.Mention the name of its two smallest member-countries.96.Highlight any two environmental concerns of global politics.97.Mention any two challenges faces by India at the time of Independence.98.Why were some land-reforms not successful in India.99.When and by whom was Panchsheel enunciated?100.What was the outcome of the Assam Accord of 1985?101.Which action of the Government of India threatened the fish workers lives in a big way?Which organization did they form at the national level?

4 Marks Questions:

1. In which four ways did the new economic policy of China benefit its economy ?2. What is Amnesty International ? State its main functions.3. What are ‘global commons’ ? Why is it said that international cooperation overthe global commons is not easy ?4. What distinguished the dominance of the Congress Party in India from otherexamples of one party dominance in other countries ? Explain.5. Critically examine the major outcomes of the Indian model of mixed economy.6. How did Janata Party make the 1977 elections into a referendum on the

Emergency imposed in 1975 ? Explain.7. Mention any four significant changes in Indo-China relations that have takenplace after the Cold War.8. What is the full form of W.T.O. ? When was it set up ? How does it function ?9. “The Indian Government is already participating in global efforts through anumber of programmes related to environmental issues.” Give any fourexamples to support the statement.10. Highlight the circumstances that compelled the socialists to form a separateSocialist Party in 1948. Mention any two grounds on which they criticized theCongress Party.11. While the Chinese economy has improved dramatically, why has every Chinesenot received the benefits of the reforms ? Give any four reasons.12. Why do some countries question the issue of India’s inclusion as a permanentmember of the U.N. Security Council ? Explain.13. Explain the role of Environmental Movements to meet the challenge ofenvironmental degradation.14. How did the coalition-like character of the Congress Party give it an unusualstrength ?15. Describe any four long term implications of the conflict of 1962 between Indiaand China.16. What does IAEA stand for? When was it established? Mention its two majorobjectives.17. Highlight any four environmental concerns which fall within the scope ofcontemporary world politics.18. How did the methods of voting in India go on changing from time to time tillday? Explain.19. Examine the circumstances responsible for reducing the salience of State-ledeconomic development in India.20. What led to the downfall of the Janata Government and holding of fresh LokSabha elections in January, 1980 ? Explain the circumstances.21. Why did China adopt Soviet model of economy? In which two ways was Chinabenefitted by this model ?22. Describe terrorism as a new source of threat to security.23. What was Kyoto protocol? Why were China, India and other developingcountries exempted from Kyoto Protocol?24. Explain the contribution of the Communist party of India in Indian politics sinceindependence upto its split in 1964.25. Mention the four main objectives of ASEAN Economic Community.26. What is meant by Veto Power ? Which countries enjoy this power and why?27. Who formed the Bhartiya Jana Sangh and when ? How was it different fromother political parties of India ?28. Describe India – China relations from 1947 to 1962.29. What is Human Rights Watch? Describe its main contribution to the field of

Human Rights.30. What was the ‘Earth Summit’? How far did the summit prove to be useful?Explain.31. Explain any four reasons for the dominance of Congress Party in the firstthree general elections in India.32. Examine the conditions responsible for the growth of Naxalite Movement inIndia. Suggest ways and means to crush it.33. Inspite of the improvement in the Chinese economy, there have beennegative consequences affecting the people of China. Mention any four suchconsequences.34. What is meant by alliance building as a component of traditional securitypolicy? What are its advantages?35. Explain the concept of “Common property resource” with the help of anexample from India.36. Explain the functioning of the Congress Party as an ideological and socialcoalition.37. What were the two major policy decisions taken by the Chinese leadershipin the 1970s?38. How do per capita income and population growth affect the economicdisparity in the world? Suggest any two ways to reduce economic disparitybetween the poor and the rich at the global level.39. Explain India’s stand on environmental issues.40. Distinguish between the economic ideologies of the Congress Party and theSwatantra Party formed in 1959.41. Describe any four major developments in the Indian politics since 1989.42. How has the European Union evolved over time from an economic union to an increasingly political one?43. Explain any two merits and two demerits each of the Green Revolution.44. Critically evaluate the difficulties involved in implementing the suggested reforms to reconstruct the U.N.45. Assess any two positive aspects of the Chipko Movement.46. Describe any two major objectives of Nehru‘s foreign policy. Objectives of Nehru‘s foreign Policy.47. Describe the era of multi-party system in India after 1989.48. Explain the economic and military influence of the European Union.49. Which two models of modern development were there before India on the eve of independence? Which model did India decide to choose and why?50. Differentiate between the traditional and the non-traditional notions of security.51. When was the Mandal Commission set-up? Describe any two recommendations of this commission.52. Why does ASEAN still remain principally an economic association?53. Why did the movement for secession in the Mizo Hills area gain popular

support? How was the problem resolved?54. Why did Indian distance itself from the two camps led by the U.S. and the Soviet Union? Explain.55. Describe any four demands made by the Bharatiya Kisan Union after 1980.56. State any two differences between the First Five Year Plan and the Second Five Year Plan.57. Explain the circumstances that forced the Tibetans to leave China. Highlight India’s role in helping the Tibetan refugees.58. Distinguish between the internal and external notion of traditional security.59. In what way do the coalition governments prove to be more democratic than the one-party governments ?60. “Democracy is becoming the first choice of the people of South Asia.” Justify the statement.57. Evaluate the causes for the strained relations between India and China.58. Describe the strategy adopted by the Government of India to promote the Green Revolution.59. State any two main demands of the Narmada Bachao Aandolan.60. Explain the importance of cooperation in the field of ‘Traditional Security.’61. Explain the role played by India in maintaining Afro – Asian unity.62. Describe any four consequences of the Green Revolution.63. Describe any two issues which made the Anti-Arrack Movement as a women’s movement.64. Explain the concept of ‘Human Security.’65. Describe the economic and political influence of the European Union on other countries.66. Describe any four issues of conflict between India and China.67. Explain any two components of India‟s security strategy.68. Highlight any two negative outcomes of the coalition governments.69. How far do movements and protests in a country strengthen democracy?70. Justify the constitution of States Recoganisation Commission under the circumstance prevailing at the time.71. Describe the events of the „First Gulf War‟ .72. State any two elements of India‟s Nuclear Policy‟73. Explain the internal and external non-traditional notions of security.74. Highlight the larger ideological agenda of the Dalit Panthers. How far were they successful in achieving it?75. Describe the sequence of events related to “Operation Enduring Freedom”76. State the circumstances which were responsible for a full-scale war between India and Pakistan on the issue of liberation of Bangladesh in December 1971.77. Explain global poverty and health epidemics as the new sources of threats to security.

78. Explain the cause of „Anti Arrack Movement‟. What was its outcome?79. Describe the two incidents which show the readiness of the U.S. to use military power even during the Clinton Years.80. What does I.A.E.A. stand for ? When was it established ? Mention any two of its main objectives.81. Explain any four political consequences of globalisation.82. Why did the central leadership of India decide to postpone the carving out of states on lingual basis just after independence ?83. How far do you agree with the statement that “The stress on industrialisation under the Second Five Year Plan, marked a turning point in India’s development, but not without problems” ?84. What is meant by defection ? How has it affected the Indian political system ?85. Describe any two factors responsible for Pakistan’s failure in building a stable democracy.86. Why is technology considered an important element of globalization ? Explain.87. Explain the changing methods of voting in India right from the First General Election till to-day.88. Evaluate the new strategy for agriculture adopted by Government of India in order to ensure food self-sufficiency in 1960s.89. Mention any four factors that have helped military rule in Pakistan.90. Why is globalization considered a contentious subject that has invited strong criticism all over the world ?91. Which one between agriculture and industry should attract more resources in a backward economy like India and why ?92. Compare the role played by the Green Revolution and the White Revolution towards economic growth of India.93. Highlight any four acts of dissent and resistance to the Emergency imposed in 1975.94. Mention any four countries of South Asia ? Highlight the political systems of any of these two countries.95. What is Amnesty International ? State its main functions.96. Explain any four positive consequences of globalization.97. Explain the circumstances that compelled the Union Government to announce the formation of a separate Andhra State in December, 1952.98. Analyse the criticism against the Indian model of mixed economy.99. Explain the circumstances under which Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister of India after Lal Bahadur Shastri’s death.100. Describe the sequence of events related to the formation of governments in Bangladesh from 1971 to 1990.101. Explain India’s experience in resisting Globalisation.102. Explain the role played by the Communist Party of India (CPI) since independence

to its split in 1964.103. Examine any four reasons responsible for reducing significance of planning in India after 1980.104. How did the Party System in India change dramatically between the elections of 1977 and 1980 ? Explain.105. Mention any two points of suspicion between the Governments of India and Pakistan.106. How far do you agree that the cultural consequences of globalization are only negative ? Explain.107. Who formed the Bhartiya Jana Sangh and when ? How was this party different from other political parties ?108. Assess the role played by the model of mixed economy adopted by India.109. Explain the circumstances that led to the downfall of the Janata government and mid-term Lok sabha elections were held in January , 1980.110. Expl ai n any t wo reasons for the disi ntegrati on of the U. S. S. R111. Li st any four ‗ Di recti ve Pri nci pl es of State Policy‘ gi ven i n the Constituti on of Indi a for the pro moti on of i nternati onal peace and security.112. Descri be any t wo constrai nts on Ameri can Hege mony.113. Descri be any t wo maj or issues of conflict bet ween Indi a and Pakistan leadi ng to the War of 1971.114. Identify and expl ai n any four ne w sources of threat to security.115. Expl ai n any four consequences of gl obalizati on.116. Expl ai n any four reasons for the do mi nance of the Congress Party i n the first three General El ecti ons.117. Where and when was the organi zati on ‗ Dalit Pant hers‘ for med ? Descri be any three of its acti vities.118. Why is the ‗ Emergency‘ and the peri od around it known as the peri od of Constituti onal crisis ? Expl ai n.119. Expl ai n any four proble ms before the El ecti on Co mmi ssi on of Indi a for hol di ng the First General El ecti on120. Expl ai n Indi a‘s Nucl ear Policy.121. Descri be any four ne w econo mi c policies of Chi na to make it grow at a faster rate.122.Ho w has technol ogy contri buted to gl obalization? Expl ai n.123. Why is the ‗ Emergency‘ and the peri od around it known as the peri od of Constituti onal crisis? Expl ai n.124. Descri be the contri bution of Jawaharl al Nehru to shape properl y the Forei gn policy of Indi a125. Hi ghli ght any four features of ‗ ASEAN‘.126. Expl ai n any four reasons due to whi ch gl obalizati on is resisted.

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133. 134. Why did the superpowers need smaller states as their allies ? Explainany four reasons.135. Explain the hegemony of the United States of America as a structuralpower.136. Explain any four causes of ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka.137. What is globalization ? Highlight any three causes of globalization.138. Evaluate the consequences of declaration of emergency in 1975.139. Explain the hegemony of the United States as a hard power.140. Explain the meaning of ‘Global Commons’ and give any four examples of‘Global Commons’.141. Explain any two lessons learnt from the emergency imposed in 1975.142.Explain the Cuban Missile Crisis?144.Describe any four proposed criteria for the next permanent as well as non-permanent members of the Security Council in order to improve its functioning.145.How is global poverty a source of insecurity?146.How was the environmental agenda persued by global north different from that of global south as was obvious at the Rio Summit? Explain.147.Define globalization. Mention its any two characteristics.148.Bring out any two differences each between the Socialist Party and the Communist party, as well as between the Bharatiya Jana sangh and the Swatantra Party.149.Why were 1960s labeled as the dangerous decade? Explain.