section 5: indian achievements - pbworkstmsteam742.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/90370841/pdf pp...
TRANSCRIPT
ANCIENT INDIA Section 5 Indian Achievements
BIG IDEA
The people of
ancient India
made great
contributions to
the arts and
sciences httpwwwhistoryforkidsorglearnindiahistoryguptahtm
SECTION 5 INDIAN
ACHIEVEMENTS
httpwwwhistoryforkidsorglearnindia
MAIN IDEA
Indian artists
created great
works of
religious art
RELIGIOUS ART
Both the Mauryan and Guptan empires unified India and created a stable environment where artists writers scholars and scientists could
thrive
httpwwwdocstoccomdocs114857062Chandragupta-321-BCE-298-BCE-EF82A7-Unified-northern-India-under-the-EF82A7Mauryan-Empire-using-an-army-of-750-000-men-EF82A7-Defeated-the-Persian-general-Seleucus
Their works are still admired today Much of the Indian art from this period was religious inspired
by both Hindu and Buddhist teachings
Many beautiful temples were built during this time and decorated with
elaborate wood and stone carvings
HINDU TEMPLES - They had huge towershellip
and were covered with carvings of the god worshipped inside
This one is in Singapore
httpbldgblogblogspotcom200911of-rock-tombs-cave-temples-andhtml
Buddhist temples were equally as impressive
STUPA
They were built to house sacred item from the life of the Buddha
Many of them were
covered with
detailed carvings
Some Buddhists carved entire temples out of mountainsides
The most famous is at Ajanta Itrsquos builders filled the caves with beautiful
wall paintings and sculpture
Ajanta
WALL PAINTINGS
SCULPTURE AT AJUNTA
Inside - unfinished rooms at Ajunta
Other examples of temples carved out of mountainsides
The Worldrsquos First Granite Temple - the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite This magnificent temple was built in just
five years (between 1004AD and 1009 AD)
Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their templeshellip
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
BIG IDEA
The people of
ancient India
made great
contributions to
the arts and
sciences httpwwwhistoryforkidsorglearnindiahistoryguptahtm
SECTION 5 INDIAN
ACHIEVEMENTS
httpwwwhistoryforkidsorglearnindia
MAIN IDEA
Indian artists
created great
works of
religious art
RELIGIOUS ART
Both the Mauryan and Guptan empires unified India and created a stable environment where artists writers scholars and scientists could
thrive
httpwwwdocstoccomdocs114857062Chandragupta-321-BCE-298-BCE-EF82A7-Unified-northern-India-under-the-EF82A7Mauryan-Empire-using-an-army-of-750-000-men-EF82A7-Defeated-the-Persian-general-Seleucus
Their works are still admired today Much of the Indian art from this period was religious inspired
by both Hindu and Buddhist teachings
Many beautiful temples were built during this time and decorated with
elaborate wood and stone carvings
HINDU TEMPLES - They had huge towershellip
and were covered with carvings of the god worshipped inside
This one is in Singapore
httpbldgblogblogspotcom200911of-rock-tombs-cave-temples-andhtml
Buddhist temples were equally as impressive
STUPA
They were built to house sacred item from the life of the Buddha
Many of them were
covered with
detailed carvings
Some Buddhists carved entire temples out of mountainsides
The most famous is at Ajanta Itrsquos builders filled the caves with beautiful
wall paintings and sculpture
Ajanta
WALL PAINTINGS
SCULPTURE AT AJUNTA
Inside - unfinished rooms at Ajunta
Other examples of temples carved out of mountainsides
The Worldrsquos First Granite Temple - the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite This magnificent temple was built in just
five years (between 1004AD and 1009 AD)
Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their templeshellip
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
SECTION 5 INDIAN
ACHIEVEMENTS
httpwwwhistoryforkidsorglearnindia
MAIN IDEA
Indian artists
created great
works of
religious art
RELIGIOUS ART
Both the Mauryan and Guptan empires unified India and created a stable environment where artists writers scholars and scientists could
thrive
httpwwwdocstoccomdocs114857062Chandragupta-321-BCE-298-BCE-EF82A7-Unified-northern-India-under-the-EF82A7Mauryan-Empire-using-an-army-of-750-000-men-EF82A7-Defeated-the-Persian-general-Seleucus
Their works are still admired today Much of the Indian art from this period was religious inspired
by both Hindu and Buddhist teachings
Many beautiful temples were built during this time and decorated with
elaborate wood and stone carvings
HINDU TEMPLES - They had huge towershellip
and were covered with carvings of the god worshipped inside
This one is in Singapore
httpbldgblogblogspotcom200911of-rock-tombs-cave-temples-andhtml
Buddhist temples were equally as impressive
STUPA
They were built to house sacred item from the life of the Buddha
Many of them were
covered with
detailed carvings
Some Buddhists carved entire temples out of mountainsides
The most famous is at Ajanta Itrsquos builders filled the caves with beautiful
wall paintings and sculpture
Ajanta
WALL PAINTINGS
SCULPTURE AT AJUNTA
Inside - unfinished rooms at Ajunta
Other examples of temples carved out of mountainsides
The Worldrsquos First Granite Temple - the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite This magnificent temple was built in just
five years (between 1004AD and 1009 AD)
Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their templeshellip
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
MAIN IDEA
Indian artists
created great
works of
religious art
RELIGIOUS ART
Both the Mauryan and Guptan empires unified India and created a stable environment where artists writers scholars and scientists could
thrive
httpwwwdocstoccomdocs114857062Chandragupta-321-BCE-298-BCE-EF82A7-Unified-northern-India-under-the-EF82A7Mauryan-Empire-using-an-army-of-750-000-men-EF82A7-Defeated-the-Persian-general-Seleucus
Their works are still admired today Much of the Indian art from this period was religious inspired
by both Hindu and Buddhist teachings
Many beautiful temples were built during this time and decorated with
elaborate wood and stone carvings
HINDU TEMPLES - They had huge towershellip
and were covered with carvings of the god worshipped inside
This one is in Singapore
httpbldgblogblogspotcom200911of-rock-tombs-cave-temples-andhtml
Buddhist temples were equally as impressive
STUPA
They were built to house sacred item from the life of the Buddha
Many of them were
covered with
detailed carvings
Some Buddhists carved entire temples out of mountainsides
The most famous is at Ajanta Itrsquos builders filled the caves with beautiful
wall paintings and sculpture
Ajanta
WALL PAINTINGS
SCULPTURE AT AJUNTA
Inside - unfinished rooms at Ajunta
Other examples of temples carved out of mountainsides
The Worldrsquos First Granite Temple - the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite This magnificent temple was built in just
five years (between 1004AD and 1009 AD)
Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their templeshellip
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
RELIGIOUS ART
Both the Mauryan and Guptan empires unified India and created a stable environment where artists writers scholars and scientists could
thrive
httpwwwdocstoccomdocs114857062Chandragupta-321-BCE-298-BCE-EF82A7-Unified-northern-India-under-the-EF82A7Mauryan-Empire-using-an-army-of-750-000-men-EF82A7-Defeated-the-Persian-general-Seleucus
Their works are still admired today Much of the Indian art from this period was religious inspired
by both Hindu and Buddhist teachings
Many beautiful temples were built during this time and decorated with
elaborate wood and stone carvings
HINDU TEMPLES - They had huge towershellip
and were covered with carvings of the god worshipped inside
This one is in Singapore
httpbldgblogblogspotcom200911of-rock-tombs-cave-temples-andhtml
Buddhist temples were equally as impressive
STUPA
They were built to house sacred item from the life of the Buddha
Many of them were
covered with
detailed carvings
Some Buddhists carved entire temples out of mountainsides
The most famous is at Ajanta Itrsquos builders filled the caves with beautiful
wall paintings and sculpture
Ajanta
WALL PAINTINGS
SCULPTURE AT AJUNTA
Inside - unfinished rooms at Ajunta
Other examples of temples carved out of mountainsides
The Worldrsquos First Granite Temple - the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite This magnificent temple was built in just
five years (between 1004AD and 1009 AD)
Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their templeshellip
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Both the Mauryan and Guptan empires unified India and created a stable environment where artists writers scholars and scientists could
thrive
httpwwwdocstoccomdocs114857062Chandragupta-321-BCE-298-BCE-EF82A7-Unified-northern-India-under-the-EF82A7Mauryan-Empire-using-an-army-of-750-000-men-EF82A7-Defeated-the-Persian-general-Seleucus
Their works are still admired today Much of the Indian art from this period was religious inspired
by both Hindu and Buddhist teachings
Many beautiful temples were built during this time and decorated with
elaborate wood and stone carvings
HINDU TEMPLES - They had huge towershellip
and were covered with carvings of the god worshipped inside
This one is in Singapore
httpbldgblogblogspotcom200911of-rock-tombs-cave-temples-andhtml
Buddhist temples were equally as impressive
STUPA
They were built to house sacred item from the life of the Buddha
Many of them were
covered with
detailed carvings
Some Buddhists carved entire temples out of mountainsides
The most famous is at Ajanta Itrsquos builders filled the caves with beautiful
wall paintings and sculpture
Ajanta
WALL PAINTINGS
SCULPTURE AT AJUNTA
Inside - unfinished rooms at Ajunta
Other examples of temples carved out of mountainsides
The Worldrsquos First Granite Temple - the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite This magnificent temple was built in just
five years (between 1004AD and 1009 AD)
Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their templeshellip
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Their works are still admired today Much of the Indian art from this period was religious inspired
by both Hindu and Buddhist teachings
Many beautiful temples were built during this time and decorated with
elaborate wood and stone carvings
HINDU TEMPLES - They had huge towershellip
and were covered with carvings of the god worshipped inside
This one is in Singapore
httpbldgblogblogspotcom200911of-rock-tombs-cave-temples-andhtml
Buddhist temples were equally as impressive
STUPA
They were built to house sacred item from the life of the Buddha
Many of them were
covered with
detailed carvings
Some Buddhists carved entire temples out of mountainsides
The most famous is at Ajanta Itrsquos builders filled the caves with beautiful
wall paintings and sculpture
Ajanta
WALL PAINTINGS
SCULPTURE AT AJUNTA
Inside - unfinished rooms at Ajunta
Other examples of temples carved out of mountainsides
The Worldrsquos First Granite Temple - the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite This magnificent temple was built in just
five years (between 1004AD and 1009 AD)
Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their templeshellip
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Many beautiful temples were built during this time and decorated with
elaborate wood and stone carvings
HINDU TEMPLES - They had huge towershellip
and were covered with carvings of the god worshipped inside
This one is in Singapore
httpbldgblogblogspotcom200911of-rock-tombs-cave-temples-andhtml
Buddhist temples were equally as impressive
STUPA
They were built to house sacred item from the life of the Buddha
Many of them were
covered with
detailed carvings
Some Buddhists carved entire temples out of mountainsides
The most famous is at Ajanta Itrsquos builders filled the caves with beautiful
wall paintings and sculpture
Ajanta
WALL PAINTINGS
SCULPTURE AT AJUNTA
Inside - unfinished rooms at Ajunta
Other examples of temples carved out of mountainsides
The Worldrsquos First Granite Temple - the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite This magnificent temple was built in just
five years (between 1004AD and 1009 AD)
Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their templeshellip
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
HINDU TEMPLES - They had huge towershellip
and were covered with carvings of the god worshipped inside
This one is in Singapore
httpbldgblogblogspotcom200911of-rock-tombs-cave-temples-andhtml
Buddhist temples were equally as impressive
STUPA
They were built to house sacred item from the life of the Buddha
Many of them were
covered with
detailed carvings
Some Buddhists carved entire temples out of mountainsides
The most famous is at Ajanta Itrsquos builders filled the caves with beautiful
wall paintings and sculpture
Ajanta
WALL PAINTINGS
SCULPTURE AT AJUNTA
Inside - unfinished rooms at Ajunta
Other examples of temples carved out of mountainsides
The Worldrsquos First Granite Temple - the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite This magnificent temple was built in just
five years (between 1004AD and 1009 AD)
Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their templeshellip
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
httpbldgblogblogspotcom200911of-rock-tombs-cave-temples-andhtml
Buddhist temples were equally as impressive
STUPA
They were built to house sacred item from the life of the Buddha
Many of them were
covered with
detailed carvings
Some Buddhists carved entire temples out of mountainsides
The most famous is at Ajanta Itrsquos builders filled the caves with beautiful
wall paintings and sculpture
Ajanta
WALL PAINTINGS
SCULPTURE AT AJUNTA
Inside - unfinished rooms at Ajunta
Other examples of temples carved out of mountainsides
The Worldrsquos First Granite Temple - the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite This magnificent temple was built in just
five years (between 1004AD and 1009 AD)
Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their templeshellip
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Buddhist temples were equally as impressive
STUPA
They were built to house sacred item from the life of the Buddha
Many of them were
covered with
detailed carvings
Some Buddhists carved entire temples out of mountainsides
The most famous is at Ajanta Itrsquos builders filled the caves with beautiful
wall paintings and sculpture
Ajanta
WALL PAINTINGS
SCULPTURE AT AJUNTA
Inside - unfinished rooms at Ajunta
Other examples of temples carved out of mountainsides
The Worldrsquos First Granite Temple - the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite This magnificent temple was built in just
five years (between 1004AD and 1009 AD)
Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their templeshellip
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
They were built to house sacred item from the life of the Buddha
Many of them were
covered with
detailed carvings
Some Buddhists carved entire temples out of mountainsides
The most famous is at Ajanta Itrsquos builders filled the caves with beautiful
wall paintings and sculpture
Ajanta
WALL PAINTINGS
SCULPTURE AT AJUNTA
Inside - unfinished rooms at Ajunta
Other examples of temples carved out of mountainsides
The Worldrsquos First Granite Temple - the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite This magnificent temple was built in just
five years (between 1004AD and 1009 AD)
Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their templeshellip
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Some Buddhists carved entire temples out of mountainsides
The most famous is at Ajanta Itrsquos builders filled the caves with beautiful
wall paintings and sculpture
Ajanta
WALL PAINTINGS
SCULPTURE AT AJUNTA
Inside - unfinished rooms at Ajunta
Other examples of temples carved out of mountainsides
The Worldrsquos First Granite Temple - the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite This magnificent temple was built in just
five years (between 1004AD and 1009 AD)
Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their templeshellip
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Ajanta
WALL PAINTINGS
SCULPTURE AT AJUNTA
Inside - unfinished rooms at Ajunta
Other examples of temples carved out of mountainsides
The Worldrsquos First Granite Temple - the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite This magnificent temple was built in just
five years (between 1004AD and 1009 AD)
Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their templeshellip
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
WALL PAINTINGS
SCULPTURE AT AJUNTA
Inside - unfinished rooms at Ajunta
Other examples of temples carved out of mountainsides
The Worldrsquos First Granite Temple - the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite This magnificent temple was built in just
five years (between 1004AD and 1009 AD)
Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their templeshellip
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
SCULPTURE AT AJUNTA
Inside - unfinished rooms at Ajunta
Other examples of temples carved out of mountainsides
The Worldrsquos First Granite Temple - the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite This magnificent temple was built in just
five years (between 1004AD and 1009 AD)
Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their templeshellip
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Inside - unfinished rooms at Ajunta
Other examples of temples carved out of mountainsides
The Worldrsquos First Granite Temple - the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite This magnificent temple was built in just
five years (between 1004AD and 1009 AD)
Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their templeshellip
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Other examples of temples carved out of mountainsides
The Worldrsquos First Granite Temple - the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite This magnificent temple was built in just
five years (between 1004AD and 1009 AD)
Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their templeshellip
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
The Worldrsquos First Granite Temple - the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite This magnificent temple was built in just
five years (between 1004AD and 1009 AD)
Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their templeshellip
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their templeshellip
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient
Indian art (SUMMARIZING)
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit
literature
flourished during
the Gupta period
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
SANSKRIT LITERATURE
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit the ancient Aryan language during the Gupta Dynasty
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH- ruh-tuh) and the Ramayana (Rah- MAH-yuh-nuh)
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature 100000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits
this down to about 88000) making it eight times as long as Homers Iliad and Odyssey together and over 3 times as long as the Bible
1st Epic
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as ldquothe great story of Indiardquo It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided
into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies)
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
The most famous passage- in the
Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-
GEE-tah)
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods Vishnu
He became human to rid the world of demons
2nd Epic
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
He also had to rescue his wife a princess named Sita
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
For centuries the characters of THE RAMAYANA have been seen as models for how Indians should behave Rama is seen as the ideal ruler and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer
of ancient India create
(CATEGORIZING)
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
MAIN IDEA
The Indians made
scientific
advances in
metal working
medicine and
other sciences
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Most prominent was the development of metallurgy
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Metallurgy The science of
working with metals
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
They also invented processes for creating alloys Alloys such as steel or bronze may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Alloy - A mixture of two or more metals
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools
and weapons Indian iron was hard and pure
making it a valuable trade item
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron which rusts easily this pillar is VERY resistant
to rust The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean
the Indianrsquos secrets
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
The numbers we use today called HinduArabic numerals were first developed by Indian
mathematicians
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
- The number system
we use today it was
created by Indian
scholars during the
Gupta Dynasty
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
They also created the concept of zero upon
which all modern math is based
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history In medicine
Indians developed the technique of inoculation
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Inoculation - Injecting a person with a small dose
of a virus to help build up defenses to
a disease
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Doctors could even perform certain
surgeries
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Indiarsquos fascination with astronomy also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Astronomy - The study of stars and planets
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Other ldquoCOOLrdquo things India is know forhelliphelliphellip
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Chess was invented in India
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Algebra Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
The lsquoPlace Value Systemrsquo and the lsquoDecimal Systemrsquo
were developed in India in 100 BC
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
The game of Snakes amp Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet It was originally called lsquoMokshapatrsquo The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices The game was played with shells
and dices In time the game underwent several modifications but its meaning remained the same ie good deeds take people to heaven and
evil to a cycle of re-births
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
The worldrsquos highest cricket ground built in 1893 is in India It was made after leveling a hilltop
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways employing over a million people
httpenwikipediaorgwikiList_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
The worldrsquos first university was established in 700 BC in India More than 10500 students from all over the world studied more
than 60 subjects here
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the
greatest achievements of
ancient India
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in
mathematics (FINDING MAIN IDEAS)
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
SUMMARY From a group of cities on
the Indus River India grew into a major empire whose
people made great achievements
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Who was Mahatma Gandhi
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
Mother Teresa
dahl lama
taj mahal
dahl lama
taj mahal
taj mahal
