sensor based n management in the yaqui valley cimmyt oklahoma state university
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Sensor Based N Management in the Yaqui Valley
CIMMYTOklahoma State University
Yaqui Valley
RECUPERACION DE NITROGENO EN TRIGO
31 %
Percentage Nitrogen Recovery in Wheat in the Yaqui Valley
(average of 30 fields)
Losses
Recovery by the plant
Urea
OrganicMatter NH4
+ NO3- N2O N2
Nitrification Denitrification
N2O N2NOxNH3
NH4+
NO3-
Losses to the environment
Beman et al. 2005Nature
Costs of Production Wheat Cycle 2009-2010
Soil preparation $1,470 11%
Planting $1,267 9%
Fertilization $3,654 26%
Irrigation and Drainage $1,753 13%
Pest control $3,612 26%
Harvesting $1,370 10%
Other $720 5%
Total $13,846 100%*Does not include interestExchange rate 1 USD= 12.5 Mex pesoSource: AOASS 2009
Nitrogen Management in Wheat in the Yaqui Valley
Yaqui Valley
Ten Year AverageWheat Yield
6.0 t/ha(~90 bushels/acre)
Days after emergence
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Nitr
og
en
ab
sorp
tion
(kg
/ha
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
Cumulative nitrogen absorption curve in wheat
Fertilization
75% 0% 25% Farmer’s management
250 kgN/ha
Urea or NH3
180 kg N /haPre-plant
NH3 70 kg N /ha
First post-plant irrigation45-55 days after planting
Total 250 kgN/ha
NH3
Nitrogeno Residual en Campos de Agricultores Ciclo 96-98
Campos de Agricultores
0 5 10 15 20 25
Kg
N/h
a
0
50
100
150
200
250
Suelo
Soil residual nitrogen in Farmers’ Fields in the Yaqui Valley Crop cycle 96-98
Farmers’ Fields
soil
Sensor TechnologyGreenSeeker
Diagnostic tool that allows you to identify the optimum N rate for each individual farmer’s field
Technology Components
1. Establishment of an N rich strip
2. NDVI reading in the N rich strip and farmer’s field that will be diagnosed
3. Use of a crop algorithm to derive N recommendations
N Rich Strip
20 has
10 meters
Apply pre-plant or
at planting
2. NDVI reading in the N rich strip and the farmer’s field that will be diagnosed
Measurement: As close as possible to the first post plant irrigation but 40 days after planting.
3. Use of the Crop Algorithm to derive a N recommendation
RESULTS
2009-2010
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN SONORA
• CIMMYT• Oklahoma State University• AOASS• PIEAES • FUNDACION PRODUCE SONORA / COFUPRO• FIRA• SAGARPA• CONACYT• Uniones de Agricultores
COOPERATIVEAOASS
FARM ADVISERSIng. Arturo Muñoz Cañez (coordinador)
UCAC Ing. Emilio Acosta M.Ing. Julio Galaz Gil
UCAY Ing. Ramón Gil Cota.
UCAH Ing. Julio C. Espinoza.
AAVYAC Ing. Carlos Remy M.
UCAYVISA Ing. Raúl Salinas G.
USPRUSS Ing. Carlos Rodríguez PIng. Manuel Ferra M.Ing. Carlos Quiñones.
UCAMAYO Ing. Manuel H. Alcántar
APRONSA Ing. Ignacio Miranda I.
TECHNICAL TEAM
CIMMYTDr. Ivan Ortiz-MonasterioIng. Maria Elena Cardenas
N RichStrip
Sensor Management
Sensor Management
107 fields
PROGRAM 2009-2010
• 7363 hectares
38% tested
• 105 participating
farmers
• 316 field with an
N rich strip
Wheat YieldSensor vs N Rich Strip
2009-2010
Rich strip Sensor
Whe
at Y
ield
(kg/
ha)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
7,263 7,180
Difference85 kg N/ha64kgN/ha
107 Fields
2002
-200
3
2003
-200
4
2004
-200
5
2005
-200
6
2006
-200
7
2007
-200
8
2008
-200
9
2009
-201
00
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
7 Ha 8 Ha 40 Ha140 Ha
3,500 Ha
2,811 Ha
6,484 Ha
7,363 Ha
Area under Sensor GreenSeeker in Southern Sonora
Are
a (
Ha
)
FERTILIZATION(Kg N/Ha)
Farmer P
ract.
2006-2007
2007-2008
2008-2009
2009-2010
Kg
Nit
rog
en
/Hec
tare
a
0
50
100
150
200
250
PreplantingSidedress60-68 kgN
86 60 101 107 fields
2006-2007
0-10 Kg N/ha
11-30 Kg N/ha31-49 Kg N/ha
50-79 Kg N/ha
=> 80 Kg N/ha
2007-2008
0-10 Kg N/ha
11-30 Kg N/ha
31-49 Kg N/ha50-79 Kg N/ha
=> 80 Kg N/ha
2008-2009
0-10 Kg N/ha
11-30 Kg N/ha
31-49 Kg N/ha
50-79 Kg N/ha
=> 80 Kg N/ha
0-10 kgN/ha28%
11-3037%
31-4919%
50-7912%
=> 804%
2009-2010
N Saving Using the GreenSeeker
2007-2008
60 kgN/ha
1.00 USD/kgN = 60 USD/ha
2008-2009
68 kgN/ha
1.30 USD/kgN = 88 USD/ha
2009-2010
64kg N/ha
1.00 USD/kgN = 64 USD/ha
NATIONAL SENSOR PROGRAM
Calibration Experiments
CALIBRATION
2
1
WHEAT
3
4
57
6 8
9
1: B.C.2: Sonora3: Sinaloa4: Jalisco
5: Guanajuato6: Edo. México7: Querétaro8: Tlaxcala9: Puebla
MAIZE
1: Sonora2: Sinaloa3: Chihuahua4: Jalisco5: Zacatecas6: Edo. México7: Hidalgo8: D.F.9: Tlaxcala10: Puebla11: Oaxaca12: Chiapas13: Tabasco14: Yucatán15: Quintana Roo
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9
10
1112
13
14
15
GreenSeeker in Maize
Ten nitrogen experiments over four years
Treatment Preplant N (kg/ha) Starter N (kg/ha) Sidedress N (kg/ha) V61 0 0 02 200 0 03 0 40 04 0 40 305 0 40 606 0 40 907 0 40 1208 0 40 1509 0 40 180
0.00050.00060.00070.00080.0009 0.001 0.0011 0.00120.00130.00140.00152000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
f(x) = 83386693.96574 x^1.33154667572594R² = 0.473645831061764
V7-V8
INSEY
]iel
d (K
g/H
a)
0.0006 0.0007 0.0008 0.0009 0.001 0.0011 0.0012 0.00132000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
f(x) = 358023033701.227 x^2.53397846269494R² = 0.615455552426009
V10-V12
INSEY
YIE
LD
(Kg/
Ha)
INSEY Data from seven Experiments
Sensor Work in Asia
Source: D. Hodson
IndiaPakistan
China
Spring wheat INSEY Yaqui vs Pakistan
0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.020
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Pakistan
Obregon
INSEY
Yie
ld (K
g/ha
)
Pakistani data: Dr. Imtiaz Husain
0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.020.0
1000.0
2000.0
3000.0
4000.0
5000.0
6000.0
7000.0
8000.0
9000.0
10000.0
Chart Title
India40-45dds
Obregon
India 49-54 dds
India 59-61 dds
INSEY
Yie
ld (K
g/ha
)Spring wheat INSEY Yaqui vs India
Indian data: Dr. Ramesh K. Sharma
Thank you
Mexicali Data: Dr. Jesus Santillano
Spring wheat INSEY Yaqui vs Mexicali