slides connett 2011 - english

8/7/2019 Slides Connett 2011 - English

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Zero Waste 2020Zero Waste 2020A key step towards aA key step towards asustainablesustainable futurefuture

Dr Paul ConnettDr Paul ConnettProfessor Emeritus of ChemistryProfessor Emeritus of Chemistry

St Lawrence University, Canton, NYSt Lawrence University, Canton, NY

[email protected]@gmail.comwww.AmericanHealthStudies.owww.AmericanHealthStudies.or
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.americanhealthstudies.org/http://www.americanhealthstudies.org/http://www.americanhealthstudies.org/mailto:[email protected]


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OUTLINEOUTLINE1.1.Waste management and the bigWaste management and the big

picturepicture

2.2.Arguments against incinerationArguments against incineration3.3.Incineration air emissionsIncineration air emissions

4.4.Incineration and dioxinsIncineration and dioxins

5.5.The alternative to landfills andThe alternative to landfills andincinerators: theincinerators: the Zero WasteZero WasteStrategy 2020Strategy 2020

6.6.Zero Waste initiatives worldwideZero Waste initiatives worldwide

7.7.Waste reduction initiativesWaste reduction initiatives


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.1.1Waste ManagementWaste Managementandandthe Big Picturethe Big Picture


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By the time a high schoolBy the time a high schoolstudent leaves school, he orstudent leaves school, he orshe will have watched overshe will have watched over350,000 TV commercials350,000 TV commercials..

Paul HawkenPaul Hawken The Ecology of CommerceThe Ecology of Commerce


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-Over advertisement-Over advertisementproducesproduces-Over consumption-Over consumption


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MythMyth versusversus RealityRealityMyth:Myth: the more you consume thethe more you consume thehappier you becomehappier you becomeReality:Reality: the more you consumethe more you consumethe fatter you become!the fatter you become! and the more waste youand the more waste you

produceproduce


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ManMan!Modern!Modern


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e wor aswenough forenough for

everyoneseveryones needneedbut not for everyonesbut not for everyones

greedgreed

Mahatma GandhiMahatma Gandhi


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We cannot run a throwawayWe cannot run a throwaway

society on a finite planetsociety on a finite planet We are robbing our own childrenWe are robbing our own childrenand grandchildrenand grandchildren

This is colonialism in time!This is colonialism in time! LandfillsLandfills BURYBURYthe evidencethe evidence IncineratorsIncinerators BURNBURNthe evidencethe evidence

We need to face the real problemWe need to face the real problem


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O u r ta sk is to fig h tO u r ta sk is to fig h tth eth e th ro w a w ay e th icth ro w a w ay e th ica n d a n d-o v e r co n su m p tio n-o v e r co n su m p tio n


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N o t o n ly isN o t o n ly is-o v e r co n su m p tio n-o v e r co n su m p tio n g iv in g u s ag iv in g u s a lo ca llo ca lw a ste crisisw a ste crisis

b u t a lsob u t a lso


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g lo b a l w a rm in gg lo b a l w a rm in g


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Global warmingGlobal warming,is the symptom,is the symptomwhat is the cause?what is the cause?


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The global crisisThe global crisisSince the IndustrialSince the Industrial

Revolution we haveRevolution we have

imposedimposed a linear societya linear society onon

a planet that functions ina planet that functions in

circlescircles


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ExtractionExtractionofof

virginvirginmaterialsmaterials

ProductionProductionofof

itemsitems

ConsumptioConsumptionn WasteWaste

A lin e a r so cie tyA lin e a r so cie tyENERGYENERGY

Solid wasteSolid waste

Air pollutionAir pollution

Water pollutionWater pollution

Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide

ENERGYENERGY

Solid waste produced bySolid waste produced byindustrial productionindustrial production

is 70 timesis 70 times thosethoseproduced by citizensproduced by citizens

GLOBALGLOBALWARMINGWARMING


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ENERGYENERGY ENERGYENERGY

&INCINERATION LANDFILLS&INCINERATION LANDFILLS








itemsitems



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itemsitems







RECYCLING OF MATERIALSRECYCLING OF MATERIALS



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itemsitems







REUSE OF OBJECTSREUSE OF OBJECTS



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itemsitems







COMPOSTINGCOMPOSTING



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itemsitems







WASTE REDUCTIONWASTE REDUCTIONINITIATIVESINITIATIVESAdvertising/TVAdvertising/TV



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We have to copyWe have to copy

naturenatureNature does not produce wasteNature does not produce waste

Waste is an invention of manWaste is an invention of man

Sustainable Society = Zero WasteSustainable Society = Zero WasteSocietySociety

Like Sustainability, Zero Waste in anLike Sustainability, Zero Waste in an

idealistic goalidealistic goalButBut Zero Waste 2020Zero Waste 2020 puts this goalputs this goal

within a realistic timeframewithin a realistic timeframe


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.2.2 ArgumentsArgumentsagainstagainstincinerationincineration


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They generate aThey generate a toxic ashtoxic ash which iswhich ispoorly handledpoorly handled

They generateThey generate toxic air emissionstoxic air emissions,,

which are poorly monitoredwhich are poorly monitoredThey areThey are extremely expensiveextremely expensive and aand a

poor investment for our children.poor investment for our children.

They areThey are very unpopularvery unpopular with thewith thepublic and pushed into communitiespublic and pushed into communitiesundemocraticallyundemocratically

Incineration isIncineration is not sustainablenot sustainable

There areThere are better alternativesbetter alternatives

Waste incineratorsWaste incinerators


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Incineration isIncineration is

extremely unpopularextremely unpopular

In the US over 300In the US over 300incinerator proposalsincinerator proposalsdefeated since 1985defeated since 1985

US has not permitted aUS has not permitted a

new trash incineratornew trash incineratorsince 1995.since 1995.


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Incineration is a poorIncineration is a poor

investmentinvestmentMost of the money spent onMost of the money spent on

incinerators goes intoincinerators goes intocomplicated machinery andcomplicated machinery andleaves the community,leaves the community,

whereaswhereasThe money spent on theThe money spent on the

alternatives goes into jobsalternatives goes into jobs

and stays in the community.and stays in the community.


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Incineration is notIncineration is not

sustainablesustainableIt wastesIt wastes material resourcesmaterial resources

It wastesIt wastes energyenergy

It wastes the opportunity toIt wastes the opportunity to fightfight

global warmingglobal warming and the manyand the manyother impacts of extracting andother impacts of extracting andprocessingprocessing virgin materialsvirgin materials


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T in o a n in cin e ra to rn o a n n c n e ra to ra s th re e b o xe sa s th re e b o xe s

1.1.

TheTheFurnaceFurnacewhichwhich

converts 100s ofconverts 100s oftons of trash intotons of trash into

trillions of tinytrillions of tinyparticlesparticles

and gases.and gases.

2.2.TheThe Air PollutionAir Pollutioncontrol devicescontrol devices

which attempt towhich attempt tocapture the tinycapture the tiny

particles and someparticles and someof the gasesof the gases

3.3.AA depositorydepository forforthe tiny particlesthe tiny particles

capturedcaptured(the fly ash)(the fly ash)

andandthe bottom ashthe bottom ash

Modern incineration ofModern incineration of


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Modern incineration ofModern incineration ofwastewaste

CHUTESECONDARYCHAMBER

TURBINE

BOILER

ELECTRICITY

STEAM

TRASHBOTTOM ASH FLY ASH

TEMP< 200oC

SEMI-DRYSCRUBBER

FABRICFILTER

WET SCRUBBER

DE-NOX

ACTIVATEDCHARCOAL

Ca(OH) 2 SUSPENSION

AMMONIAINJECTION

GRATES

For every three tons of trash you get about one ton of ashFor every three tons of trash you get about one ton of ash


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IncineratorsIncinerators

produceproducetoxic ashestoxic ashes


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Ash ManagementAsh ManagementIn Germany and Switzerland fly ash put intoIn Germany and Switzerland fly ash put into

nylon bags and placed in salt minesnylon bags and placed in salt mines

In Japan some incinerators vitrify the ashIn Japan some incinerators vitrify the ash

In the Netherlands they put the fly ash intoIn the Netherlands they put the fly ash into

asphalt and the bottom ash into road bedasphalt and the bottom ash into road bed

In DenmarkIn Denmark

they send all the ash to Norwaythey send all the ash to Norway

In the US the EPA allows the bottom ash andIn the US the EPA allows the bottom ash and

fly ash to be mixed together before testingfly ash to be mixed together before testing


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.3.3 Incineration airIncineration airemissionsemissions


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IncineratorsIncineratorsemitemittoxic gasestoxic gases


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Air EmissionsAir Emissions


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Respiratory DiseasesRespiratory Diseases

Allergy diseasesAllergy diseases

Bronchial asthmaBronchial asthma

Acute and chronicAcute and chronic

bronchitisbronchitis

Pulmonary emphysemaPulmonary emphysema

Pulmonary tumours andPulmonary tumours and

generally of thegenerally of the

respiratory apparatusrespiratory apparatus

PM 10

PM 2.5

Ashes Heart andAshes Heart and


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Ashes, Heart andAshes, Heart andStrokeStroke

Long-term exposition to air pollution andLong-term exposition to air pollution and

incidence of cardio-vascular diseases in womenincidence of cardio-vascular diseases in women

65,893 post-menopausal women;65,893 post-menopausal women;36 metropolitan areas in USA from 1994 to36 metropolitan areas in USA from 1994 to

19981998

High levels of particulate pollution increaseHigh levels of particulate pollution increasethe risk of dead by stroke the risk of dead by stroke

N Engl J Med 2007;356:447-58.N Engl J Med 2007;356:447-58.
http://content.nejm.org/


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Air EmissionsAir Emissions

COCO22 + H+ H22OO

AcidAcid GasesGases::HCI, HF, SOHCI, HF, SO22,,NONOXX

Toxic MetalsToxic Metals::Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr etc...Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr etc...

New compoundsNew compounds::PCBsPCBs (Policlorobifenils(Policlorobifenils))PCDDs (Dioxins)PCDDs (Dioxins)PCDFs (Furans)PCDFs (Furans)Benzene clorihydratesBenzene clorihydratesPhenolsPhenolsNaphthalenesNaphthalenesetcetc

Nano-Nano-

particlesparticles

v u


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v ufuelfuel

(kgs per thousand kwh)(kgs per thousand kwh)CarbonCarbondioxidedioxide

SulfurSulfurdioxidedioxide

NOxNOx PMPM MercuryMercury

NaturalNaturalGasGas

542542 0.00230.0023 0.540.54 0.030.03 0.45 x 10-80.45 x 10-8

RDFRDF(Refuse-derived(Refuse-derivedfuel)fuel)

22682268 0.4540.454 4.44.4 0.10.1 3147 x 10-83147 x 10-8

BiomassBiomass 17771777 0.2730.273 3.73.7 0.620.62 598 x 10-8598 x 10-8

Leaflet from Xcel EnergyLeaflet from Xcel Energy


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Incinerators &Incinerators &

NanoparticlesNanoparticlesDr. Antonietta GattiDr. Antonietta Gatti

Dr. Stefano MontanariDr. Stefano Montanari

Dr. Ernesto BurgioDr. Ernesto Burgio



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Nanoparticles produced by incineratorsNanoparticles produced by incineratorsareare more dangerousmore dangerous than thosethan thoseproduces by other combustionsproduces by other combustions

They contain:They contain:qNeurotoxic metalsNeurotoxic metalsqStabilised free radicalsStabilised free radicalsqThousands of newly synthesizedThousands of newly synthesized

compounds (including PCBs, dioxinscompounds (including PCBs, dioxinsand furans).and furans). Any toxic element used in commerceAny toxic element used in commerce

has the potential to end up inhas the potential to end up innanoparticles produced bynanoparticles produced by

incineratorsincinerators

Incinerators &Incinerators &NanoparticlesNanoparticles



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Both morbidity and mortality in largeBoth morbidity and mortality in largecities can be related to particulatecities can be related to particulatematter (PM) (from traffic, powermatter (PM) (from traffic, powerstations and industry)stations and industry)

As the particles get smaller theAs the particles get smaller therelationship gets strongerrelationship gets stronger

A modern incinerator convertsA modern incinerator convertshundreds or thousands of tons ofhundreds or thousands of tons oftrash each day into trillions oftrash each day into trillions ofnanoparticlesnanoparticles

These nanoparticles are theThese nanoparticles are the mostmost

Incinerators &Incinerators &NanoparticlesNanoparticles


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Surface area, particle number, and sizeSurface area, particle number, and sizeThe table shows the physical characteristics of a cloud of particlesThe table shows the physical characteristics of a cloud of particleswith airborne mass concentration of 10with airborne mass concentration of 10 g/mg/m33 when it is composed ofwhen it is composed ofparticles of various diameters. The number ofparticles of various diameters. The number ofparticles per unitparticles per unitvolumevolume in the air increases dramatically along with thein the air increases dramatically along with the surface areasurface areaper unit volume of airper unit volume of air, as the particle size decreases., as the particle size decreases.

Airborne massAirborne massconcentrationconcentration((g/mg/m33))

ParticlesParticlesdiameterdiameter((m)m)

Particles/ml ofParticles/ml ofariaaria Particle surfaceParticle surfaceareaarea((33/ml air)/ml air)

1010 22 1.21.2 2424

1010 0.50.5 153153 120120

1010 0.020.02 2,400,0002,400,000 30163016

Table modified from data of G. OberdorsterTable modified from data of G. Oberdorster

The relevance of this lies in the fact that any monitor collecting all ofThe relevance of this lies in the fact that any monitor collecting all ofthese particles in these three different conditions would always givethese particles in these three different conditions would always givethe same airborne mass concentration of 10the same airborne mass concentration of 10 g/mg/m33. However, the. However, thephysical characteristics of the cloud are very different for particlesphysical characteristics of the cloud are very different for particlesnumber and surface area and both of these are properties that mightnumber and surface area and both of these are properties that mighthave important impact on the lung.have important impact on the lung.


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Regulated size inRegulated size inincineratorsincinerators

emissionsemissions

NanoparticlesNanoparticles


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The dangers ofThe dangers of


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The dangers ofThe dangers ofnanoparticlesnanoparticles

Nanoparticles are not efficientlyNanoparticles are not efficiently

captured by air pollution controlcaptured by air pollution control

devicesdevicesTravel long distancesTravel long distances

Remain in suspension for a longRemain in suspension for a long

period of timeperiod of time

PPenetrate deep into the lungsenetrate deep into the lungs


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BLOODBLOOD

NanoparticlesNanoparticlesare so smallare so small

that canthat can

easily crosseasily crossthe membranesthe membranes

of the lungsof the lungs

Relation between ultrafine particles and cellular structures in theRelation between ultrafine particles and cellular structures in thelung.lung. Idealised particles of 10, 1 e 0.1Idealised particles of 10, 1 e 0.1 m are shown compared with am are shown compared with abronchial epitheliumbronchial epithelium; note that the top end of the range of ultrafine; note that the top end of the range of ultrafineparticles (0.1particles (0.1 m, 100 nm) is not really visible.m, 100 nm) is not really visible.


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Nano PathologyNano Pathology

Nanoparticles can easily crossNanoparticles can easily crossthe cell membranes of everythe cell membranes of every

tissuetissue

including the blood brainincluding the blood brain

barrier and the nuclearbarrier and the nuclearmembranemembrane

Nanoparticles can carryNanoparticles can carry

neurotoxic metals into theneurotoxic metals into the


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When theWhen the

nanoparticles are innanoparticles are in

the blood canthe blood can cancan

easily cross the celleasily cross the cellmembranes of everymembranes of every

tissuetissue


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&P a rticu la te re d&P a rticu la te re dg lo b u le sg lo b u le s

____20u_____

_____10u____


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Nanoparticles can crossNanoparticles can cross

the brain blood barrierthe brain blood barrier



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Nanoparticlescan carryNanoparticlescan carry

stabilized free radicalsstabilized free radicals(which cause oxidative stress(which cause oxidative stress- inflammation - many- inflammation - many

degenerative diseases) intodegenerative diseases) intoevery tissue in the bodyevery tissue in the body

Also dioxins and furansAlso dioxins and furans



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Free Radical AttackFree Radical Attack

Aus: Free RadicalsRandox Ltd.

Barium, Cromium, Iron and Silicon inBarium, Cromium, Iron and Silicon in


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the brainthe brain

www stefanomontanari netwww stefanomontanari net


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IdrocarburiIdrocarburiCloratiClorati

DiossineDiossinebrominate/clorate ebrominate/clorate e

furanifurani

OssidatoriOssidatori

CataliticiCatalitici

IdrocarburiIdrocarburipoliclicipoliclici

aromaticiaromatici

( l


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Zone 5 (coolZone 5 (cool

zone


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i lN i l


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Nanoparticles -Nanoparticles -

SummarySummaryNanoparticles are not efficientlyNanoparticles are not efficientlycaptured by air pollution controlcaptured by air pollution controldevicesdevices, are, are transported over longtransported over long

distancesdistances, and, and penetrate deep into thepenetrate deep into therespiratory systemrespiratory system..

All of which enhance the potentialAll of which enhance the potentialnegative health impact.negative health impact.

DAlesio A, DAnna A, Gambi G, Minutolo P, Sgro LA, Violi A. 1999.DAlesio A, DAnna A, Gambi G, Minutolo P, Sgro LA, Violi A. 1999.Combustion generated nanoparticles.Combustion generated nanoparticles. Chim Ind 81:10011006.Chim Ind 81:10011006.Kauppinen EI, Pakkanen TA. 1990.Kauppinen EI, Pakkanen TA. 1990. Coal combustion aerosols,Coal combustion aerosols, aafield-study.field-study. Environ Sci Technol 24:1811181Environ Sci Technol 24:1811181


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.4.4 Dioxins andDioxins andIncinerationIncineration

Dioxins - Major healthDioxins - Major health


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Dioxins Major healthDioxins Major healthconcernsconcerns

Dioxins accumulate in animal fat.Dioxins accumulate in animal fat. One liter of cowsOne liter of cowsmilk gives the same dose of dioxin as breathingmilk gives the same dose of dioxin as breathingair next to the cows forair next to the cows for EIGHT MONTHSEIGHT MONTHS (Connett(Connettand Webster, 1987).and Webster, 1987).

InIn one dayone day a grazing cow puts as much dioxin intoa grazing cow puts as much dioxin into

its body as a human being would get inits body as a human being would get in 14 years14 yearsof breathing (McLachlan, 1995)!of breathing (McLachlan, 1995)!Dioxins steadily accumulate in human body fat. TheDioxins steadily accumulate in human body fat. The

man cannot get rid of them BUT A woman canman cannot get rid of them BUT A woman can

by having a baby!by having a baby!Thus theThus the highest dosehighest dose of dioxin goes to the fetusof dioxin goes to the fetus

and then to the new born infantand then to the new born infant viaviabreastfeedingbreastfeeding

This is very worring becauseThis is very worring because dioxin interfers withdioxin interfers with

ox n: e g esox n: e g es


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ox n: e g esox n: e g esdose goes to thedose goes to the

fetusfetus

In nine months,In nine months,much of themuch of the

dioxindioxinaccumulated inaccumulated in20-30 years in20-30 years inthe mothersthe mothers

fat goes to thefat goes to the

Dioxins interfere withDioxins interfere with


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Dioxins interfere withDioxins interfere withfetal and infantfetal and infant

developmentdevelopmentDioxins act like fat soluble hormonesDioxins act like fat soluble hormones

Disrupt at least six differentDisrupt at least six differenthormonal systems:hormonal systems: male and femalemale and femalesex hormonessex hormones;; thyroid hormonesthyroid hormones;;insulininsulin;; gastrin and gluocorticoid.gastrin and gluocorticoid.

Linda S. Birnbaum (Health Effects ResearchLinda S. Birnbaum (Health Effects ResearchLaboratory, US EPA)Laboratory, US EPA) Developmental Effects of DioxinsDevelopmental Effects of DioxinsEnvironmental Health PerspectivesEnvironmental Health Perspectives,, 103103: 89-94, 1995: 89-94, 1995

Effects of dioxins onEffects of dioxins on


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Effects of dioxins onEffects of dioxins onthyroid function ofthyroid function of

new born babiesnew born babiesExamined 38 new born babies, divided themExamined 38 new born babies, divided them

into 2 groups:into 2 groups:

Low-exposedLow-exposed (mothers had average(mothers had average 18.6 ppt18.6 pptdioxins in milk fat, range 8.7 - 28)dioxins in milk fat, range 8.7 - 28)

High-exposedHigh-exposed (mothers had average(mothers had average 37.537.5pptppt dioxins in milk fat, range 29 - 63)dioxins in milk fat, range 29 - 63)

H.J. Pluim et al.,H.J. Pluim et al., The LancetThe Lancet, May 23, 1992. (Volume, May 23, 1992. (Volume

339, 1303)339, 1303)

Effect of Dioxins on Neonatal Thyroid FunctionEffect of Dioxins on Neonatal Thyroid Functionf d i h if L d Hi h i


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after Low-exposure and High-exposure at variousafter Low-exposure and High-exposure at variousagesages

Low-Low-exposureexposure(mean)(mean)

High-High-exposureexposure(mean)(mean)

P*P*

At birthAt birth T4T4 122.5122.5 134.3134.3 0.0710.071

T4/TBGT4/TBG 0.2400.240 0.2320.232 0.450.45

TSHTSH 10.410.4 11.911.9 0.580.58

1 week1 week T4T4 154.5154.5 178.7178.7 0.006*0.006*

T4/TBGT4/TBG 0.2910.291 0.3320.332 0.006*0.006*

TSHTSH

2.932.93

2.562.56

0.510.5111weeks11weeks T4T4 111.1111.1 122.2122.2 0.033*0.033*

T4/TBGT4/TBG 0.2200.220 0.2470.247 0.040*0.040*

TSHTSH 1.811.81 2.502.50 0.044*0.044*


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W E W A N T D IO X INW E W A N T D IO X IN


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Institute of MedicineInstitute of Medicine


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Institute of MedicineInstitute of Medicine(USA), 2003(USA), 2003

Fetuses and breastfeeding infantsFetuses and breastfeeding infantsmay be at particular risk frommay be at particular risk fromexposure to dioxin like compoundsexposure to dioxin like compounds

(DLCs) due to their potential to(DLCs) due to their potential tocausecause adverse neurodevelopmental,adverse neurodevelopmental,neurobehavioral, and immuneneurobehavioral, and immunesystem effectssystem effects in developingin developing

systemssystems

Institute of MedicineInstitute of Medicine


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The committee recommends thatThe committee recommends thatthe government place athe government place a high publichigh publichealth priorityhealth priority on reducing DLCon reducing DLCintakes by girls and young womenintakes by girls and young women inin

the years well before pregnancy isthe years well before pregnancy islikely to occur.likely to occur.

(by)(by) Substituting low-fat or skim milk,Substituting low-fat or skim milk,for whole milk,for whole milk, (and)(and) foods lowerfoods lowerin animal fatin animal fat

Institute of MedicineInstitute of Medicine(USA), 2003(USA), 2003


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How Man-made Chemicals are ThreateningHow Man-made Chemicals are Threatening

our Fertility, Intelligence and Survivalour Fertility, Intelligence and Survival

Theo Colborn, John Peterson Myers and DianneTheo Colborn, John Peterson Myers and Dianne

Dumanoski, 1994Dumanoski, 1994

Our Stolen FutureOur Stolen Future


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W E W A N T D IO X INW E W A N T D IO X IN

!O U T O F O U R F O O D !O U T O F O U R F O O D


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Do not buildDo not buildincineratorsincineratorswithin 50 km ofwithin 50 km of -food production -food productionparticularlyparticularlygrazing animalsgrazing animals


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Promoters say thatPromoters say thatmodernmodern incinerators haveincinerators have

solved the dioxinsolved the dioxin,problem but have,problem but havethey?they?


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Yang & Kim (2004).Yang & Kim (2004). Characteristics of dioxins andCharacteristics of dioxins andmetals emission from radwaste plasma arc meltermetals emission from radwaste plasma arc meltersystem.system. Chemosphere 57: 421-428Chemosphere 57: 421-428

When PVC was fed into the high-temperatureWhen PVC was fed into the high-temperaturemelter, a significant quantity of PCDD/Fs,melter, a significant quantity of PCDD/Fs,cadmium and leadcadmium and lead was emittedwas emitted..

Wet scrubbing with rapid quenching, as wellWet scrubbing with rapid quenching, as well

as a low temperature two-step fineas a low temperature two-step finefiltration, or both of them togetherfiltration, or both of them together cannotcannoteffectively control the volatile metaleffectively control the volatile metalspecies and gas-phase PCDD/Fs.species and gas-phase PCDD/Fs.

The removal of PVC from the feed wasteThe removal of PVC from the feed wastestream must also be effective to reduce thestream must also be effective to reduce the

emissions of the PCDD/Fs, cadmium andemissions of the PCDD/Fs, cadmium and


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While modernWhile modernincinerators haveincinerators havereduced dioxin emissionsreduced dioxin emissionsthere is no realthere is no real

accountabilityaccountabilityin most countriesin most countries


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Incineration is a asteIncineration is a waste


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Incineration is a wasteIncineration is a waste

of energy!of energy!

A combination of reuse, recyclingA combination of reuse, recycling

and composting savesand composting saves 3-4 times3-4 times

more energymore energy than that obtained bythan that obtained by

incinerationincineration Contact: Dr. Jeffrey Morris

jeff morris@zerowaste com


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ECONOMIC COSTSECONOMIC COSTSNatural Gas Burner for ROCK-Natural Gas Burner for ROCK-

TENNTENN = $ 11.2 million= $ 11.2 million

RDF(RDF(Refuse-derivedRefuse-derivedfuel)fuel)/biomass Burner/biomass Burner $300 - $500 million ?????$300 - $500 million ?????

Waste ManagementWaste Management


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ggOptions and ClimateOptions and Climate

Change. AEA 2002Change. AEA 2002Overall,Overall, source segregationsource segregation ofof

MSW (MSW (Municipal Solid WasteMunicipal Solid Waste),),followed byfollowed by recyclingrecycling (for(forpaper, metals, textiles andpaper, metals, textiles andplastics) andplastics) and ccomposting/ADomposting/AD(for putrescible wastes)(for putrescible wastes) givesgivesthe lowest net flux ofthe lowest net flux ofgreenhouse gasesgreenhouse gases compared tocompared to

other forms of treatment ofother forms of treatment of

Energy Comparison:Energy Comparison:


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gy pgy pRecyclingRecycling versusversus

incinerationincineration(ICF Consulting, 2005)(ICF Consulting, 2005)

52.0952.09

85.1685.1664.2764.27

9.499.49

EnergyEnergysavings fromsavings from

recyclingrecycling

GJ/tonneGJ/tonne

4.764.76

3.223.226.306.30

2.252.25

Energy outputEnergy outputfromfrom

incinerationincineration

GJ/tonneGJ/tonne

10.910.9

26.426.410.210.2

4.24.2

EnergyEnergy savingssavingsrecyclingrecycling

versusversus incinerationincineration

Other plasticOther plastic

PETPETHDPEHDPE

Other paperOther paper

MaterialMaterial

Kg GreenhouseKg Greenhouse


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gggas/tonne Municipalgas/tonne Municipal

WasteWaste

Waste Management Options and Climate Change. AEA 2002Waste Management Options and Climate Change. AEA 2002Slide by Attilio TornavaccaSlide by Attilio Tornavacca

-10-10Incineration producingIncineration producingelectricityelectricity

-366-366Mechanical-BiologicalMechanical-Biological

Treatment and storageTreatment and storage

-461-461Riecycling and compostingRiecycling and composting

46 X46 X


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Financial CostsFinancial Costs The greater part of the money spentThe greater part of the money spentin incinerating goes intoin incinerating goes into complicatecomplicatemachinerymachinery andand leaves the communityleaves the community ,,whereaswhereas

Money spent into alternatives goesMoney spent into alternatives goesinto the production ofinto the production of jobsjobs andandremains within the communityremains within the community


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Even if we made incinerationEven if we made incineration safesafe.we would never make it sensible.we would never make it sensibleIt simply does not make senseIt simply does not make sense totospend so much moneyspend so much money destroyingdestroyingresourcesresources we should be sharingwe should be sharing.with the future.with the future

( )Paul Connett( )Paul Connett


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IncinerationIncinerationisis notnotsustainablesustainable


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Waste & AgricultureWaste & Agriculture1.1.Landfills use up valuable landLandfills use up valuable land2.

3.3.Incinerators put persistent toxicsIncinerators put persistent toxicsinto the soil and foodinto the soil and food

4.

5.5.Rifiuti Zero 2020Rifiuti Zero 2020 attempts toattempts tomaximize the return of nutrientsmaximize the return of nutrientsto the soil and conserve soilto the soil and conserve soilqualityquality

W AS T E


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Z E RO W

A

NONO -TO A THROW-TO A THROWAWAY SOCIETYAWAY SOCIETY YESYES TO ATO A SUSTAINABLESUSTAINABLESOCIETYSOCIETYZERO WASTEZERO WASTE20202020

NONO TO INCINERATORS TO INCINERATORS

NONOTO LANDFILLSTO LANDFILLS

MOVING TO THEMOVING TO THEFRONT ENDFRONT ENDof resourceof resourcemanagementmanagementandandindustrialindustrialdesign fordesign forsustainabilitsustainabilityy


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DIFFERENTS TIMESDIFFERENTS TIMESDIFFERENT QUESTIONSDIFFERENT QUESTIONS

2020THTHCENTURYCENTURY

WASTE MANAGEMENTWASTE MANAGEMENT Ho w d o w e ge t ri dH o w d o w e g e t r i do f ou r w a s t eof ou r w a st ee f f ic i ent l y w i t he f fi c i e n t l y w i t h

m i n im u m d a m a ge t om i n i m u m d a m ag e t oo u r he a l th a nd t h eo u r h e a l t h a n d t h een v i r o n m e n t ?e n v i r o n me n t ?

2121STSTCENTURYCENTURY

RESOURCE MANAGEMENTRESOURCE MANAGEMENT H o w d o w e h an d l e o u rH o w d o w e ha n dl e o u rd i s ca r d ed r e s o u r c e s i nd i sc a rd e d r e s o u r c e s i nw a y s wh i c h d o n o tw a y s w h ic h do n ot

d e p ri v e f u t u r ed ep r i v e f u t u r e ,g en e r at i o ns of s o m e i f,ge n er a t io n s o f s o m e if,n o t a l l o f t h e i r,no t a l l o f t h ei rv a l u e ?v a l u e ?Key point wasKey point was

SAFETYSAFETYKey point isKey point is

SUSTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITY

Incineration: PerfectingIncineration: Perfecting


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Incineration: PerfectingIncineration: Perfectinga bad ideaa bad idea

Our task in the 21st CenturyOur task in the 21st Centuryis not to find better ways tois not to find better ways to

destroy discarded materialsdestroy discarded materials

But to stop making packagingBut to stop making packaging

and products that have to beand products that have to bedestroyed!destroyed!


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.5.5The SustainableThe Sustainable

alternative toalternative tolandfills andlandfills and:incineration:incinerationthe ZERO WASTEthe ZERO WASTE2020 strategy2020 strategy


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To achieve Zero WasteTo achieve Zero WasteWe need three things:We need three things:1.1.INDUSTRIAL RESPONSIBILITYINDUSTRIAL RESPONSIBILITY (at the front end)(at the front end)

2.2.COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITYCOMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY (at the back end)(at the back end)

3.3.GOOD LEADERSHIPGOOD LEADERSHIP (in both places)(in both places)

INDUSTRIALINDUSTRIAL


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INDUSTRIALUSRESPONSIBILITYRESPONSIBILITY

1.1.Design for sustainabilityDesign for sustainability

2.

3.3.Clean productionClean production4.

5.5.Extended Producer ResponsibilityExtended Producer Responsibility


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Extended ProducerExtended Producer

Responsibilty -Responsibilty - ProductsProductsX E R O X C O R P O R A T IO N E U R O P EX E R O X C O R P O R A T IO N E U R O P En Recovers copying machines from 16 differentRecovers copying machines from 16 different

countriescountriesn Takes them to huge warehouses in theTakes them to huge warehouses in the

,Netherlands where the machines are,Netherlands where the machines arestripped down for parts and materialsstripped down for parts and materials

n %95 of materials recovered for reuse or%95 of materials recovered for reuse or

!recycling!recyclingn This is saving XeroxThis is saving Xerox $76 millions a year$76 millions a year!!!!


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Solid waste is thevisible face of!inefficiency

For more examples ofFor more examples ofI d t i lI d t i l


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IndustrialIndustrial

ResponsibilityResponsibilityContact Gary Liss atContact Gary Liss at

[email protected]@garyliss.com

For more information on EPRFor more information on EPR

initiatives contact Bill Sheehaninitiatives contact Bill Sheehanatat [email protected]@productpolicy.org

COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY


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COMMUNITYCOMMUNITYRESPONSIBILITYRESPONSIBILITY

qCommunity responsibilityCommunity responsibility begins withbegins withSource SeparationSource Separation

q

qOneOne container forcontainer for compostablescompostables (i.e. the(i.e. theorganic fractionorganic fraction))

q

qOneOne (or more) containers for(or more) containers for recyclablesrecyclables

qqOneOne container for thecontainer for the residualsresiduals

COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITYCOMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY


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COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITYCOMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITYOur discarded materialsOur discarded materials

1. Avoidables1. Avoidables (ex. disposable plastic(ex. disposable plasticitems)items)

2. Reusables2. Reusables (ex. furniture,(ex. furniture,appliances)appliances)

3.3. ToxicsToxics (ex. paints, oils, batteries)(ex. paints, oils, batteries)4.4. CompostablesCompostables (ex. food scrap)(ex. food scrap)5. Recyclables5. Recyclables (ex. paper, glass,(ex. paper, glass,

metals)metals)

6. Residuals6. Residuals Residuals =Residuals =

COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITYCOMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY


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1. Avoidables1. Avoidables2. Reusables2. Reusables

3.3. ToxicsToxics4.4. CompostablesCompostables5. Recyclables5. Recyclables6. Residuals6. Residuals

D o o r toD o o r toD o o rD o o rD o o r toD o o r toD o o rD o o rD o o r toD o o r to

COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITYCOMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITYOur discarded materialsOur discarded materials


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Door to DoorDoor to DoorCollectionCollection

Th F t ti 3The Fantastic 3


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The Fantastic 3The Fantastic 3

The San Francisco SystemThe San Francisco System

A d l f DA d l f D


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A good example of DoorA good example of Door

to Door collectionto Door collection

San Francisco,San Francisco,CaliforniaCalifornia


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CompostingCompostingFacilityFacility


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ALL FOOD SCRAPS, YARDALL FOOD SCRAPS, YARD


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TRIMMINGS AND COMPOSTABLETRIMMINGS AND COMPOSTABLE

PAPER GO IN THEPAPER GO IN THE GREENGREEN CARTCART


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CityCity Rural AreasRural Areas

o rg a n ics g o to ao rg a n ics g o to a


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co m p o stin g fa cilityco m p o stin g fa cility

For San FranciscoFor San Francisco


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Aerazione forzataAerazione forzata

P a g e s b y E n zo F a v o i n oP a g e s b y E n z o F a v o i n o


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Forced VentilationForced Ventilation

THE COMPOST IS SOLD TO LOCALTHE COMPOST IS SOLD TO LOCALFARMERSFARMERS


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FARMERSFARMERS


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THE FOOD PRODUCED GOES BACKTHE FOOD PRODUCED GOES BACK

TO SAN FRANCISCOTO SAN FRANCISCO


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CityCity Rural AreasRural Areas

MaterialsMaterialsRecoveryRecovery

FacilityFacility


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RecyclingRecycling

ALL BOTTLES, CANS AND RECYCLABLEALL BOTTLES, CANS AND RECYCLABLE


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,PAPERPAPER

GO IN THEGO IN THE BLUEBLUE CARTCART

RecyclingRecycling


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RecyclingRecycling


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FacilityFacility

M a te ria ls R e co v e ryM a te ria ls R e co v e ry


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Fa cilityFa cility

at Pier 96at Pier 96


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W e h a ve to m in im izeW e h a ve to m in im izew h a t g o e s in tow h a t g o e s in toco n ta in e r 3 co n ta in e r 3th e re sid u a lsth e re sid u a ls


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WasteWaste

ReductionReductionInitiativesInitiatives


126/229

??

CommunityCommunity

Initiatives toInitiatives toReduceReduceWasteWaste



FacilityFacility

Reuse & Repair CentreReuse & Repair Centre


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Burlington, VermontBurlington, Vermont

Recycle North (27 employees, grossRecycle North (27 employees, grossincome over $700,000) offers anincome over $700,000) offers anexcellent model of reuse, repair,excellent model of reuse, repair, jobjob

trainingtraining and deconstruction.and deconstruction.www.recyclenorth.orgwww.recyclenorth.orgSee also Urban Ore, BerkeleySee also Urban Ore, BerkeleyRevolve, Canberra, AustraliaRevolve, Canberra, Australia

Waste Wise, Georgetown, OntarioWaste Wise, Georgetown, OntarioEcoCycle, Boulder, ColoradoEcoCycle, Boulder, ColoradoEureka Recycling, St. Paul, MNEureka Recycling, St. Paul, MN


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ReuseReuse,,

RepairRepairandand

DecostructionDecostruction


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FacilityFacility

CommunityCommunity




ResidualResidual

ss??

between incinerationbetween incineration

d h Z Wd th Z W t


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and the Zero Wasteand the Zero Waste

strategystrategyIncineration attempts to make theIncineration attempts to make the

residuals disappearresiduals disappear

Zero Waste 2020Zero Waste 2020 needs to make theneeds to make theresiduals VERY VISIBLE, becauseresiduals VERY VISIBLE, because

Residual FractionResidual Fraction ==

Bad industrial designBad industrial design &&

Poor purchasing decisionsPoor purchasing decisions


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W e n e e dW e n e e d betterbetterin d u stria l d e sig nin d u stria l d e sig n ,,co m m u n ityco m m u n ityo rg a n iza tio no rg a n iza tio n andand

in d ivid u a lin d ivid u a lre sp o n sib ilityre sp o n sib ility toto


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Residual ScreeningResidual ScreeningFacilityFacility

andand

Research CentreResearch Centre

Nova Scotia,Nova Scotia,CanadaCanada


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CanadaCanada

TheseThese Residual Screening FacilitiesResidual Screening Facilitiesin operationin operation

They build these facilities in frontThey build these facilities in frontof landfillsof landfills

No residual can go to landfillNo residual can go to landfillwithout differentiationwithout differentiation

RESIDUAL SCREENING FACILITYRESIDUAL SCREENING FACILITY O p e ra tin g O p e ra tin ginin


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MOREMORETOXICSTOXICS

MOREMORERECYCLABLESRECYCLABLES

DIRTYDIRTYORGANICORGANICFRACTIONFRACTION

INTERIM LANDFILLINTERIM LANDFILL

BIOLOGICALBIOLOGICALSTABILIZATIONSTABILIZATION

N o v aN o v aS co tiaS co tia


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What we needWhat we need

RESIDUAL SCREENING &RESIDUAL SCREENING & RESEARCHRESEARCH FACILITYFACILITY


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NON-TOXIC, NON-NON-TOXIC, NON-BIODEGRADABLE FRACTIONBIODEGRADABLE FRACTION


INTERIM LANDFILLINTERIM LANDFILL

BIOLOGICALBIOLOGICALSTABILIZATIONSTABILIZATIONRESEARCHRESEARCHCENTERCENTER





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BIOLOGICALBIOLOGICALSTABILIZATIONSTABILIZATIONRESEARCHRESEARCHCENTERCENTER

Interim LandfillInterim Landfill





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RESEARCHRESEARCHCENTERCENTER

Interim LandfillInterim Landfill

20202020



RESIDUAL SCREENING &RESIDUAL SCREENING & RESEARCHRESEARCHFACILITYFACILITY


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NON-RECYCLABLE MATERIALSNON-RECYCLABLE MATERIALS

LocalLocalUniversityUniversity

Technical CollegeTechnical CollegeOROR

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON NEWSCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON NEWUSES OF THE MATERIALSUSES OF THE MATERIALS

OBTAINED FROM WASTE ANDOBTAINED FROM WASTE ANDBETTER INDUSTRIAL DESIGNBETTER INDUSTRIAL DESIGN



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TOXICSTOXICS

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHSCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

FOR A CLEAN PRODUCTIONFOR A CLEAN PRODUCTION

LocalLocal

UniversityUniversity



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RESEARCH CENTERRESEARCH CENTERImproves capture rate of reusables,Improves capture rate of reusables,

recyclables and clean compostablesrecyclables and clean compostables(Captain Garbage - make it fun!)(Captain Garbage - make it fun!)

Recommends waste avoidanceRecommends waste avoidancestrategies for local businessesstrategies for local businessesDevelops some local uses for someDevelops some local uses for some

materialsmaterials

Recommends better industrialRecommends better industrialdesigns to industry on packaging,designs to industry on packaging,etcetc

Develops alternatives to some of theDevelops alternatives to some of the

toxics in products (batteries paintstoxics in products (batteries paints

The ResidualThe ResidualScreening &Screening & ResearchResearch


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Screening &Screening & ResearchResearch

FacilityFacility

Is the key link betweenIs the key link betweenCommunity ResponsibilityCommunity Responsibility

andandIndustrial ResponsibilityIndustrial Responsibility


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I suggestI suggest


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I suggestI suggestthe creation of athe creation of a

National Institute for aNational Institute for a Sustainable SocietySustainable Society

with the function of coordinating localwith the function of coordinating local

and regional research atand regional research at ResidualResidualScreening and Research FacilityScreening and Research Facility (= bad(= badindustrial design)industrial design)


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.1.1 Textile and LeatherTextile and Leather . %16 52. %16 52


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.2.2 DiaperDiaper . %13 95. %13 95

.3.3 Kitchen organic materialsKitchen organic materials . %10 56. %10 56

.4.4 :Other plastic non packaging:Other plastic non packaging . %9 98. %9 98

.5.5 Policoupled cellulosic packagingPolicoupled cellulosic packaging . %8 05. %8 05

.6.6 Policoupled plastic packagingPolicoupled plastic packaging . %7 45. %7 45

.7.7 Plastic flexible packagingPlastic flexible packaging . %6 81. %6 81

.8.8 Garden organic materialsGarden organic materials . %4 64. %4 64.9.9 (Plastic rigid packaging non(Plastic rigid packaging non)bottles)bottles . %3 23. %3 23.10.10 (Newsprint newspapers and(Newsprint newspapers and)magazines)magazines . %2 54. %2 54


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ResidualResidual

ScreeningScreening

&&ResearchResearch

FacilityFacilityReuse & Repair CentreReuse & Repair Centre




FacilityFacility

CommunityCommunity



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qReductionReductionqReuseReuseqReparationReparation

qDoor to DoorDoor to DoorqCompostingCompostingqRecyclingRecyclingqCollection of ResidualsCollection of Residualsq70% +70% +

DiversionDiversion

Remember thatRemember thatan incineratoran incineratorobtains only aobtains only a

75%75%of Reductionof Reduction

(at least one forth(at least one forth

remains asremains asASH)ASH)


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Wi h i i iWith i i ti


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With incineration With incineration

we convertwe convert 3 tons of3 tons of

trashtrash into:into: 11 ton ofton oftossic ashestossic ashes

that nobody wantsthat nobody wants!!!!!!

With the Zero WasteWith the Zero WasteStrategyStrategy


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StrategyS a egy

We convertWe convert 33 tons oftons ofwastewaste

into:into: 1 ton of compostables1 ton of compostables

1 ton of recyclables1 ton of recyclables andand

1 ton of awareness1 ton of awareness

The Message toThe Message toIndustryIndustry


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Industrydus y

qIf we cantIf we cant reuse itreuse it,, recycle itrecycle itoror compost itcompost it,,

q

qIndustry shouldnt be makingIndustry shouldnt be makingit!!!it!!!

q

qAnd we shouldnt be buyingAnd we shouldnt be buyingit!it!

Another three reasons whyAnother three reasons whyZero Waste 2020Zero Waste 2020 is betteris better


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than incinerationthan incinerationJobs!Jobs!

Jobs!!Jobs!!

Jobs!!!Jobs!!!

EconomyEconomy


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EconomyEconomy

Reusing and repairingReusing and repairing makesmakesmoneymoney

DecostructingDecostructing makes moneymakes money

CompostingComposting saves moneysaves money (less(lessexpensive then landfilling andexpensive then landfilling andincinerating)incinerating)

RecyclingRecycling makes moneymakes money (less(less

expensive then landfilling andexpensive then landfilling andincinerating)incinerating)

If the recycled materials are usedIf the recycled materials are usedby local businnesby local businnes recycling canrecycling can


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Completing the passage fromCompleting the passage fromwaste disposal to resourcewaste disposal to resource


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recoveryrecovery

Rick AnthonyRick Anthony Discarded resources dividedDiscarded resources divided

into 12 market categoriesinto 12 market categories

Eric LombardiEric Lombardi The Zero Waste ParkThe Zero Waste Park

Discarded resources dividedDiscarded resources divided


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:Note Half of the pie is composed by Organic Material suitable for:Note Half of the pie is composed by Organic Material suitable forCompostingComposting

Metals

6% Glass

3%

Paper

37%

Wood

4%

Soil

1%

Textiles

4%

Ceramic

2%

Chemicals

0%Reuse

3%

Polymers

11%

Putrescibles

19%

Plants trimmings

10%

into 12 market categoriesinto 12 market categories

The Zero Waste ParkThe Zero Waste Park


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www.ecocycle.orgwww.ecocycle.org


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SummarySummary

SeparationSeparationat theat the

i ii i

Door to doorDoor to doorcollectioncollection

CompostingComposting


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WasteWasteReductionReduction

InitiativesInitiatives

RecyclingRecyclingReuseReuse

andandRepairRepair

originorigincollectioncollection

SeparazioneSeparazionedel Residuo edel Residuo e

Centro diCentro diricercaricerca

FinancialFinancial

IncentivesIncentives

Interim LandfillInterim Landfill202202

12 categories12 categories&&

ResourceResourceRecoveryRecoveryParkPark

The waste problemThe waste problem


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The waste problemThe waste problemIs too important to be left toIs too important to be left to

waste expertswaste experts

We need all sectors involved if weWe need all sectors involved if we

are to move towards a sustainableare to move towards a sustainablesocietysociety

As far as sustainability isAs far as sustainability is

concerned the waste problem is aconcerned the waste problem is afabulous place to startfabulous place to start


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Zero WasteZero Waste20202020

SustainableSustainable

agricultureagriculture EducationEducation

IndustrialIndustrialDesign &Design &

Labour UnionsLabour Unions

CommunityCommunity

developmentdevelopment SustainableSustainableEconomicEconomic

DevelopmentDevelopment

SustainableSustainableEnergyEnergy

ArchitectureArchitecture


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.6.6 Zero Waste Zero Wasteinitiativesinitiativesworldwideworldwide

Zero waste initiativesZero waste initiatives


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around the worldaround the world www.GRRN.orgwww.GRRN.org

www.ZWIA.orgwww.ZWIA.org www.CRRA.orgwww.CRRA.org

www.ecocycle.orgwww.ecocycle.org

Nova ScotiaNova Scotia(Canada)(Canada)


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50% diversion in 5 years50% diversion in 5 years (Halifax ~(Halifax ~60%)60%) (programme chosen by citizens(programme chosen by citizensand designed by Dr. Jeffrey Morris)and designed by Dr. Jeffrey Morris)

10001000 jobs created collecting andjobs created collecting and

treating discarded materialstreating discarded materials sincesinceApril 1996April 1996

AnotherAnother 20002000 jobs created in thejobs created in theindustries handling the collectedindustries handling the collected

materialmaterial1000 + 2000 =1000 + 2000 = 30003000 jobsjobs

The Brescia (Italy) incinerator costsThe Brescia (Italy) incinerator costs

300 000 000300,000,000

but created onlybut created only

8080

The Brescia (Italy)The Brescia (Italy)incineratorincinerator


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incineratorincinerator

This incinerator costsThis incinerator costs 300,000,000300,000,000 withoutwithoutincluding the cost of the citys heating facilitiesincluding the cost of the citys heating facilities

British Columbia,British Columbia,CanadaCanada


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The following regional districts haveThe following regional districts havedeclareddeclared zero wastezero waste::

qNelsonNelson

qKootenayKootenay

q SmithersSmithers

qCowichan ValleyCowichan Valley

qNanaimoNanaimo

www.ZWIA.orgwww.ZWIA.org

Ontario, CanadaOntario, Canada


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The city of Markham (northThe city of Markham (northof Toronto) has divertedof Toronto) has diverted

70%70% from landfill infrom landfill in 22 years.years.Contact: Councillor Erin ShapiroContact: Councillor Erin Shapiro

[email protected]@markam.cawww.Markham.cawww.Markham.ca

Prince Edward Island,Prince Edward Island,CanadaCanada


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Whole island has door to doorWhole island has door to door

collection of recyclables andcollection of recyclables and

compostablescompostables

United KingdomUnited Kingdom


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g

The following have declared aThe following have declared azero wastezero waste objective:objective:

qDoncasterDoncasterqBathBath

qNE Somerset District CouncilNE Somerset District Council



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California, USACalifornia, USA


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More than 500 towns haveMore than 500 towns have

diverted more than 50%diverted more than 50%

San Francisco USASan Francisco USA


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San Francisco, USASan Francisco, USAPopulation = 850,000Population = 850,000Very little spaceVery little space

50% waste diverted by 200050% waste diverted by 200063% waste diverted by 200463% waste diverted by 200469% waste diverted by 200769% waste diverted by 2007

75% waste diverted by 201075% waste diverted by 2010(goal)(goal)

100% (or very close!) by 2020 100% (or very close!) by 2020

Z W tZ W t

Los Angeles USALos Angeles USA


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Los Angeles, USALos Angeles, USA4 million of people4 million of people

Current diversion = 60%Current diversion = 60%

Goal for 2015 = 70%Goal for 2015 = 70%

Goal for 2025 = 90%Goal for 2025 = 90%

Burlington, Vermont,Burlington, Vermont,USAUSA


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USAUSAHas an excellent example of REUSE ANDHas an excellent example of REUSE AND

REPAIR CENTREREPAIR CENTRE

Income ~$1 million/yearIncome ~$1 million/year

27 full-time JOBS27 full-time JOBS

Includes training and buildingIncludes training and buildingdeconstructiondeconstruction

AustraliaAustralia


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The following have declared aThe following have declared a zerozerowastewaste goal:goal:

qCanberraCanberra

qThe State of South AustraliaThe State of South Australia

qThe State of Western AustraliaThe State of Western Australia

qThe State of VictoriaThe State of Victoria


AustraliaAustralia

Canberra AustraliaCanberra Australia


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Canberra, AustraliaCanberra, AustraliaPassed law Passed law No Waste by 2010No Waste by 2010

Currently overCurrently over 70%70% diversiondiversion

Setting up a Setting up a Resource RecoveryResource RecoveryParkPark to locate all the industries to locate all the industries

which can make products out ofwhich can make products out ofseparated materialsseparated materials

New ZealandNew Zealand


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OverOver 70%70% of communitiesof communities

have declared a Zero Wastehave declared a Zero Waste

strategystrategy

ItalyItaly


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Door to DoorDoor to DoorItaly has pioneered a newItaly has pioneered a new

door to door collectiondoor to door collection

systems to maximize thesystems to maximize thecollection of clean organiccollection of clean organicmaterialmaterial

Important work done byImportant work done byEnzo Favorino from theEnzo Favorino from theAgricultural School in theAgricultural School in theParco Monza, near Milan.Parco Monza, near Milan.

ItalyItaly


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OverOver 20002000 communitiescommunities

in Italy are achievingin Italy are achievingoverover 50%50% diversiondiversion

using a door to doorusing a door to door

collection systemscollection systems

ommun es n e az oommun es n e az oregionregion that have diverted morethat have diverted morethan 50% using athan 50% using a door-to-doordoor-to-door

ll ti t ill ti t i ll


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collection system incollection system in only oneonly oneyear!year!

52%4.700Castelforte

50%1.670Bassiano54%3.029Monterosi

65%4.200Lenola

64%7.000Sermoneta54%7.154Sonnino

%

divertedPopulationCommune

ItalyItaly


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In the North,In the North, NovaraNovara

(population 100.000) at 70%(population 100.000) at 70%

diversiondiversion in only 18 months!in only 18 months!

ItalyItaly


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In the province ofIn the province ofTrevisoTreviso 2222Communes reachedCommunes reached 76%76%

diversion indiversion in 55yearsyears

4 communes > 80%4 communes > 80%

Diversion is less expensiveDiversion is less expensive

7474 vs.vs. 9292 Euro/tonEuro/ton

ItalyItaly


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Villafranca dAstiVillafranca dAsti

(population 30.000)(population 30.000)

diverteddiverted 85%85%

ItalyItaly


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Province of NaplesProvince of NaplesSan Sebastiano al VesuvioSan Sebastiano al Vesuvio > 70%> 70%

VollaVolla > 70%> 70%

Meta di SorrentoMeta di Sorrento > 70%> 70%

Vico EquenseVico Equense > 70%> 70%

SorrentoSorrento > 70%> 70%

Quartiere Colli AmineiQuartiere Colli Aminei = 73% (in three= 73% (in threemonths!)months!)


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QUANTITATIVE RESULTS

QUANTITATIVE RESULTS INCREASE % OF DIVERSIONINCREASE % OF DIVERSION


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INCREASE % OF DIVERSIONINCREASE % OF DIVERSION

27,18%33,64%

65,64%70,42% 73,82%

75,63%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

CONSORZIO ANNO 2000

(14 COMUNI)

CONSORZIO ANNO 2001

(14 COMUNI)

CONSORZIO ANNO 2002

(14 COMUNI)

CONSORZIO ANNO 2003

(18 COMUNI)

CONSORZIO ANNO 2004

(22 COMUNI)

CONSORZIO ANNO 2005

(22 COMUNI)


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IS DIVERSION MORE EXPENSIVE?IS DIVERSION MORE EXPENSIVE?


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ANDAMENTO DEI COSTI DI GESTIONE OPERATIVA

CON E SENZA RACCOLTA DIFFERENZIATA

91,64

67,68

73,92

60,58

65,69

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

70,00

80,00

90,00

100,00

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

ANNO

/a

Operating costs without diversionOperating costs without diversion

Operating costs with diversionOperating costs with diversion

TREND OF OPERATING COSTS WITH AND WITHOUT DIVERSION


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Paolo ContPaolo Cont

[email protected]@priula.it


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.7.7 Examples ofExamples ofwaste reductionwaste reductioninitiavesinitiaves


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A pinch ofA pinch ofcreativity at thecreativity at thefront end couldfront end couldsave millions atsave millions atthe back endthe back end

Tasmania, AustraliaTasmania, Australia


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Tasmania, AustraliaTasmania, Australia In 2003, Coles Bay, Tasmania,In 2003, Coles Bay, Tasmania,

forbid plastic bags.forbid plastic bags. Since thenSince then

80 communities did the same.80 communities did the same.

IrelandIreland


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IrelandIrelandIn 2003 Ireland introduced aIn 2003 Ireland introduced a 1515cent tax on plastic shoppingcent tax on plastic shoppingbagsbags::

Use of plastic bags reducedUse of plastic bags reducedby over 90% in one yearby over 90% in one year

In 2003 the remaining 8%In 2003 the remaining 8%generated overgenerated over 12,7 million12,7 million

GermanyGermany


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GermanyGermany

ItalyItaly


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A supermarket chain nearA supermarket chain nearFlorence is providingFlorence is providingdispensers which allowdispensers which allowcustomers to refillcustomers to refill shampooshampooandand detergentdetergent bottlesbottles

OthersOthers winewine,, waterwaterandand milkmilk

Italian initiatives for reductionItalian initiatives for reduction


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Principles for aPrinciples for aWise Waste Management in theWise Waste Management in the

2121stst centurycentury


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3.3.Integrate with other aspects ofIntegrate with other aspects of

sustainability:sustainability:

education;education;

agriculture;agriculture;

architecture e construction;architecture e construction;

conservation of energy;conservation of energy;

industrial design;industrial design;

tourism;tourism;

community development and economiccommunity development and economic

y

IncinerationIncineration


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c e a oViolates almost all the previousViolates almost all the previous

principlesprinciples

TheThe ZeroWaste 2020ZeroWaste 2020 strategystrategydoes notdoes not

Then, why does aThen, why does a Zero WasteZero Waste20202020 strategy exists?strategy exists?


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W a ste is n o t aW a ste is n o t aa technical problema technical problemb u t a p ro b le m o fb u t a p ro b le m o f in d u stria l d e sig nin d u stria l d e sig n


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NON-RECYCLABLE MATERIALSNON-RECYCLABLE MATERIALS



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LocalLocalUniversityUniversity


SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHSCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

Household ToxicHousehold ToxicWasteWaste


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CommunityCommunityInitiatives toInitiatives to


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FacilityFacility


ResidualResidual

ScreeningScreening

&&ResearchResearchFacilityFacility

HouseholdHouseholdtoxictoxic


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GoodGoodleadershipleadership

A GOOD LEADERSHIPA GOOD LEADERSHIP


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We need political andWe need political andeconomic leaders witheconomic leaders with

big visionbig vision imaginationimagination

and and

WHO ARE NOT BORING!WHO ARE NOT BORING!

HUMAN BORINGSHUMAN BORINGS


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Have no imaginationHave no imaginationHave no visionHave no vision

Have no sense of humourHave no sense of humourAre obsessively tidyAre obsessively tidy

Confuse being clever with being wiseConfuse being clever with being wiseHave more faith in machines thanHave more faith in machines than

peoplepeopleBelieve science and technology canBelieve science and technology can

fix every problemfix every problemBelieve man is the centre of theBelieve man is the centre of the

universe...universe......and a womans place is in the...and a womans place is in the

Boring expertsBoring experts


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think with thethink with the

wrong end ofwrong end oftheir bodies!their bodies!

A BACK END thinkerA BACK END thinker


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1. A CUP1. A CUP

2. A BUCKET2. A BUCKET

3. A FOOT PUMP3. A FOOT PUMP

4. AN ELECTRIC PUMP4. AN ELECTRIC PUMP

A FRONT END thinkerA FRONT END thinker


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O u r ta sk is to fig h tO u r ta sk is to fig h tth eth e th ro w a w ay e th icth ro w a w ay e th ica n d a n d-o v e r co n su m p tio n-o v e r co n su m p tio n

Community developmentCommunity developmentis the antidote to over-is the antidote to over-consumptionconsumption


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ppOver-consumption is based onOver-consumption is based on

the accumulation of objectsthe accumulation of objects

Community developmentCommunity developmentrevolves around humanrevolves around human

relationsrelations


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,Make love,Make love !not waste!not waste


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But there is a majorBut there is a major

obstacle:obstacle:

T h e B a d La wT h e B a d La wLe


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LeLevevellofof

ppollollututioio

nnLevel of corruptionLevel of corruption

NaplesNaples

Le

The Good LawThe Good Law


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LeLevevellofof

ppollollututioio

nn

Level of public participationLevel of public participation

Public OppositionPublic Opposition


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In the USA over 300In the USA over 300proposals ofproposals of

incinerators defeatedincinerators defeatedbetween 1985 andbetween 1985 and19951995

USA have not allowedUSA have not allowed

Three finalThree finalmessagesmessages

TO CITIZENS:TO CITIZENS: Dont let the expertsDont let the experts


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pp

take your common sense away.take your common sense away.

TO POLITICIANS:TO POLITICIANS: Put your faith back inPut your faith back in

people - stop trying to solve all yourpeople - stop trying to solve all yourproblems with overpaid consultantsproblems with overpaid consultantsand magic machines!and magic machines!

TO ACTIVISTS:TO ACTIVISTS:

HAVE FUN!HAVE FUN!

ConclusionsConclusions


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We dont need incinerators!We dont need incinerators!

There are better alternatives:There are better alternatives:

qbetter becausebetter because sicuresicure,,qbetter for thebetter for the economyeconomy,,qbetter forbetter for our childrenour children,, eeqbetter for thebetter for the planetplanet..

W h e n y o u b u ildW h e n y o u b u ild a n a nin cin e ra to rin cin e ra to r, you are, you area d ve rtisin g to th e w o rld th ea d ve rtisin g to th e w o rld th e


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y o u a rey o u a re n o t cle ve rn o t cle ve r -enough -enoughe ith e r p o litica lly o r te ch n ica llye ith e r p o litica lly o r te ch n ica lly-- to re co v e rto re co v e r y o u r d isca rd e dy o u r d isca rd e dresourcesresourcesTHISCOMMUNIT

Y

THISCOMMUNITY

ISNOTREA

DY

ISNOTREA

DY

FORTHEDEMANDS

FORTHED

EMANDS

OFTHE21ST

OFTHE21ST

CENTURY.

CENTURY.

TAX PAYERSTAX PAYERS $ DOLLARS$ DOLLARS JOBSJOBS

ENERGYENERGY SMALLSMALLBUSINESS OPPORTUNITIESBUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES


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FLEXIBILITYFLEXIBILITY VISIONVISION RESOURCESRESOURCES IMMAGINATIONIMMAGINATION CREATIVITYCREATIVITY COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

RESPONSABILITYRESPONSABILITY INDUSTRIALINDUSTRIAL

RESPONSABILITYRESPONSABILITY

SUSTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITY

GodGod


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recycles,recycles,

the devilthe devil

burnsburns

The Battle HymnThe Battle Hymnof garbage


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of garbage (Coro)(Coro)We dont want incinerationWe dont want incineration

We dont want incinerationWe dont want incineration

We dont want incinerationWe dont want incinerationWe know theres a better way!We know theres a better way!

The Battle HymnThe Battle Hymn


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of garbageof garbageMine eyes have seen the garbageMine eyes have seen the garbageThats a smoldering on the grateThats a smoldering on the grate

We must stop incinerationWe must stop incineration

Before it is too lateBefore it is too late

Unless we wish the dangersUnless we wish the dangers

We had better separateWe had better separate

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