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Spanish American War Steps to U.S. Involvement

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Page 1: Spanish American War Steps to U.S. Involvement. American interest in Cuba Geographic Location (90 mi. south of FL) –Panama Canal a possibility –Spanish

Spanish American War

Steps to U.S. Involvement

Page 2: Spanish American War Steps to U.S. Involvement. American interest in Cuba Geographic Location (90 mi. south of FL) –Panama Canal a possibility –Spanish

American interest in Cuba

• Geographic Location (90 mi. south of FL) – Panama Canal a

possibility– Spanish Colony – too

close for comfort

• Business Investments– Large sugar cane

plantations ($50 mil. – 1895)

Page 3: Spanish American War Steps to U.S. Involvement. American interest in Cuba Geographic Location (90 mi. south of FL) –Panama Canal a possibility –Spanish

Cubans Rebel Against Spain

• 1st revolt (1868-1878) – unsuccessful• Spanish Gov’t in Cuba

– Corrupt, no reforms, no self-gov’t for Cuba

• 2nd Revolt led to War for Independence (1895)– Jose Marti – organized Cuban resistance– “Cuba Libre!” – Free Cuba– Guerilla campaign

• Hit & run, scorched earth policy – Destroyed American-owned sugar mills & plantations

• Hoped to provoke US into intervening to help the rebels

Page 4: Spanish American War Steps to U.S. Involvement. American interest in Cuba Geographic Location (90 mi. south of FL) –Panama Canal a possibility –Spanish

Second War for Independence

• Spanish Response – Send 200,000 troops &

General Weyler “The Butcher” to crush rebellion

– Atrocities against Cuban people

• Put peasants in concentration camps

• Kill crops, animals & people

Page 5: Spanish American War Steps to U.S. Involvement. American interest in Cuba Geographic Location (90 mi. south of FL) –Panama Canal a possibility –Spanish

American Public Opinion• Originally split between:

– Supporting rebels in fight for freedom

– Supporting Spain to protect business investments

• Headline Wars – William Randolph Hearst

(New York Journal)– Joseph Pulitzer (New

York World)– Rally support for war

Joseph PulitzerJoseph PulitzerWilliam Randolph Hearst

William Randolph Hearst

Page 6: Spanish American War Steps to U.S. Involvement. American interest in Cuba Geographic Location (90 mi. south of FL) –Panama Canal a possibility –Spanish

American Public Opinion• Yellow Journalism

– Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers.

• Jingoism– Intense burst of

national pride & aggressive foreign policy

Hearst to Frederick Hearst to Frederick Remington:Remington:

“Please remain. Y“Please remain. You’ll ou’ll furnish the pictures, and furnish the pictures, and

I’ll furnish the war!”I’ll furnish the war!”

Page 7: Spanish American War Steps to U.S. Involvement. American interest in Cuba Geographic Location (90 mi. south of FL) –Panama Canal a possibility –Spanish

The De lome Letter• President McKinley tried

to avoid interventionism– He got Spain to recall

Weyler & modifiy concentration camp policy

• NY Journal published private letter from Spanish ambassador to US criticizing McKinley

• Americans angry over insult to President

• De Lome Letter thwarted progress by McKinley

“…shows what McKinley is, weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd,

besides being a would-be politician who tries to leave a door open behind

himself while keeping on good terms with the jingoes of his party.”

~ De Lome Letter

Page 8: Spanish American War Steps to U.S. Involvement. American interest in Cuba Geographic Location (90 mi. south of FL) –Panama Canal a possibility –Spanish

USS Maine• McKinley sends USS

Maine into Havana Harbor– Evacuate US citizens if

needed (riots)

• February 15, 1898– Maine explodes in

harbor– 260 Americans killed– Press blames Spanish

sabotage

http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/ussmaine/maine-wreckage3.gif
Page 9: Spanish American War Steps to U.S. Involvement. American interest in Cuba Geographic Location (90 mi. south of FL) –Panama Canal a possibility –Spanish

America Enters the War• “Yellow Press” continue

to whip up anti-Spanish hysteria

• April 20, 1898– US demands that Spain

withdraws• Authorized President to

take military action necessary

– Teller Amendment – guaranteed US would not annex Cuba

• April 25, 1898– 25th –

• Spain declares war on US• US declares war on Spain


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