Sponsored and Organized by State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (MEL), Xiamen University

CHOICE-C: Carbon cycling in China Seas-budget, controls and ocean acidification –funded through China

National Basic Research Program (“973” Program)

Co-sponsored by

Joint Institute of Coastal Research and Management (Joint-CRM), Xiamen University and University of

Deleware

College of Oceanography and Environmental Science (COE), Xiamen University

International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS)

Contents

INTRODUCTION 3

PROGRAM OF WORKSHOP 1 4

PROGRAM OF WORKSHOP 2 9

TALK AND POSTER INDEX 15

IMPORTANT INFORMATION 21

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 26

ABOUT CHOICE-C 32

ABSTRACTS 35

ADVERTISEMENTS 85

3

Introduction

The Joint International Workshop of OCCOS and CHOICE-C will bring together expertise and successful

experience from the first international workshop of OCCOS (Ocean and Climate Changes Observed from

Space) held in Dec. 2008 and the first international workshop on coastal ocean carbon cycling in Mar. 2009

primarily associated with the CHOICE-C project (Carbon cycling in China Seas-budget, controls and ocean

acidification), a Chinese National Basic Research Program (“973” program) and a SOLAS-endorsed project.

The joint workshop on April 3-4 primarily focuses on climate change and ocean carbon by bringing together

current knowledge from field observation, remote sensing and modeling. What follows is the 2nd CHOICE-C

International Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) Meeting on April 5-6.

We would like to take this opportunity to thank all the participants for attending these two workshops. We

also thank Drs. Shaoling Shang, Jianyu Hu, Zhiyu Liu and Guizhi Wang who helped in the organization of this

meeting. Thanks are also extended to the tremendous efforts from Angela Liu and Shuang Yang and to the

support from many MEL/COE staff members, especially Vera Shi, Lidan Chen, Mengmei Lin, Qingmei Lin, Heng

Zhu, Carrie Lee, Zhaoying Li, Shuiying Huang, Yunxia Li and Wei Chen. The workshops are financially supported

by the State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Oceanography and Environmental

Sciences, CHOICE-C project funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the international

collaborative project “Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology” (“111” Program) cosponsored by the

Minstry of Edcuation and National Bureau for Foreign Experts. We would also like to acknowledge the funding

support from Xiamen Association for Science and Technology, Seismic (Beijing) Marine Technology Center,

Pri-eco Company Ltd., Laurel Technologies, Satlantic Inc. (LinkOcean Technologies Ltd.) and Xiamen Mingta

International Trade Co., Ltd.

Conveners

Dr. Minhan Dai, Xiamen University

Dr. Nancy Targett, University of Delaware

Dr. Xiao-Hai Yan, University of Delaware

Dr. Timothy Liu, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA

Dr. Jianping Gan, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Dr. Delu Pan, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration

Local Organizing Committee Dr. Minhan Dai, Xiamen University

Dr. Xiao-Hai Yan, University of Delaware

Dr. Jianyu Hu, Xiamen University

Dr. Shaoling Shang, Xiamen University

Dr. Zhiyu Liu, Xiamen University

Secretariat Ms. Angela Liu Email: huiliu@xmu.edu.cn Phone: 86-592-218-1127

Ms. Shuang Yang Email: sundyys@xmu.edu.cn Phone: 86-592-218-6029

Ms. Vera Shi Email: vera_shiwei@xmu.edu.cn Phone: 86-592-218-6039

4

Program of Workshop 1

A Joint International Workshop of OCCOS and CHOICE-C

April 2, 2011 (Saturday)

Time Event

16:00-21:00 Registration at the hotel lobby

18:00-21:00 Dinner at hotels

April 3, 2011 (Sunday), Room A-116, Zeng Cheng Kui Building

08:30-08:40 Opening

Theme 1: The Ocean & Climate Change

Session 1: Climate changes and the ocean's role

Chairs: Nancy Targett & Timothy Liu

08:40-09:05 The role of ocean in global climate change

Norden Huang, Abs NO: I-01

09:05-09:30 Warm pool and its role in climate change

Dunxin Hu, Abs NO: I-19

09:30-09:55 Oceanic fronts, climate change, and carbon flux

Igor Belkin, Abs NO: I-02

09:55-10:20 Break & Group Photo

10:20-10:45 Novel results of internal solitary waves in the SCS

Jiwei Tian, Abs NO: I-18

10:45-11:05 Simulated response of the Pacific subtropical mode water to global warming

and its effect on climate variability

Qinyu Liu, Abs NO: CO-02

11:05-11:25 Mathematical methods for quantifying the uncertainties in the assessment

and detection of climate changes

Samuel Shen, Abs NO: CO-03

5

Session 2: Remote sensing of air-sea interactions and the ocean interior

Chair: Zhongping Lee

11:25-11:50 Water cycle observed from space

Timothy Liu, Abs NO: I-03

11:50-12:15 Satellite multi-sensor studies of meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and

deep ocean convection (DOC)

Xiao-Hai Yan, Abs NO: I-04

12:15-14:00 Lunch & Poster Session I

14:00-14:20 Air temperature deeply influenced by a typhoon passage in the Korean

eastern coast and inland

Hyo Choi, Abs NO: CO-01

14:20-14:40 Using ocean color data to represent ocean biology-induced climate feedback

in the tropical Pacific: a modulation of El Niño-Southern oscillation

Rong-Hua Zhang, Abs NO: CO-04

14:40-15:00 Fertilization potential of volcanic dust in the low nutrient low chlorophyll

western north Pacific subtropical gyre - Satellite evidence and laboratory

study

I-I Lin, Abs NO: CO-05

15:00-15:20 Marine phytoplankton response to typhoon

Danling Tang, Abs NO: CO-12

15:20-15:50 Panel Discussion

Led by: Nancy Targett, Dunxin Hu, and Timothy Liu

15:50-16:10 Break

6

Theme 2: Observing Carbon from Space

Session 1: CO2, particulate and dissolved carbon

Chair: Xiao-Hai Yan

16:10-16:35 Present Status of GOCI

Yu-Hwan Ahn, Abs NO: I-05

16:35-17:00 Dynamic marine biogeography from space

Matthew Oliver, Abs NO: I-06

17:00-17:25 Status of ocean carbon observing from space in China

Delu Pan, Abs NO: I-07

17:25-17:45 Evaluation on empirical approaches to estimate seawater pCO2 from space

Shaoling Shang, Abs NO: CO-11

18:30-21:00 Welcome reception with culture and art performances

April 4, 2011 (Monday), Room A-116, Zeng Cheng Kui Building

Session 2: Phytoplankton-biomass, functional group and production

Chair: Matthew Oliver

08:30-08:55 Monitoring the ocean biogeochemical cycle using satellites, moorings and

floats

Toshiro Saino, Abs NO: I-08

08:55-09:20 Ocean color remote sensing for the study of oceanic carbon

Zhongping Lee, Abs NO: I-09

09:20-09:40 Dynamics of phytoplankton community structure derived from a 3D

ecosystem model and satellite ocean colour algorithm

Taka Hirata, Abs NO: CO-06

09:40-10:00 Global declines in surface phytoplankton over the past century

Marlon Lewis, Abs NO: CO-07

10:00-10:30 Panel Discussion

Led by: Toshiro Saino, Zhongping Lee, and Marlon Lewis

10:30-10:50 Break

7

Theme 3: Coastal Carbon & Ocean Acidification

Session 1: Carbon flux & biogeochemical controls

Chair: Hongbin Liu & Cindy Lee

10:50-11:15 Impacts of eutrophication on pH of a large river plume and the

respiration-enhanced ocean acidification in the hypoxic subsurface waters in

the northern Gulf of Mexico

Wei-Jun Cai, Abs NO: I-10

11:15-11:40 Plankton food-web structure and biogeochemical fluxes in the equatorial

Pacific

Michael Landry, Abs NO: I-21

11:40-12:05 Deep ocean fixing of carbon during the process of chemosynthesis

George W. Luther, Abs NO: I-11

12:05-12:30 How do settling velocity and particle exchange affect particle fluxes?

Cindy Lee, Abs NO: I-12

12:30-12:50 Microbial Carbon Pump and its effects in carbon sequestration in the ocean

Nianzhi Jiao, Abs NO: CO-13

12:50-14:00 Lunch & Poster Session II

14:00-14:25 The role of ocean mixing in southern ocean iron-fueled phytoplankton

blooms: insight from radium isotopes

Matthew Charette, Abs NO: I-13

14:25-14:50 New, more-easily-understood models of phytoplankton productivity

Robert Armstrong, Abs NO: I-14

14:50-15:15 Algal blooms and carbon dynamics in Hong Kong waters

Paul Harrison, Abs NO: I-20

15:15-15:35 Dynamics and biological consumptions of nutrients and inorganic carbon in

the northern South China Sea under the influence of both river plumes and

coastal upwelling

Minhan Dai, Abs NO: CO-08

15:35-15:55 Break

8

Session 2: Carbon transport and modeling

Chair: Jianping Gan & Dale Haidvogel

15:55-16:20 Inter-disciplinary modeling of circulation and ecosystem dynamics on the U.S.

east coast continental shelves and estuaries

Dale Haidvogel, Abs NO: I-15

16:20-16:45 Modeling impacts of mesoscale eddies on biogeochemical processes in the

South China Sea and Gulf of Alaska

Fei Chai, Abs NO: I-16

16:45-17:05 Modeling Kuroshio-Seas exchange and its implication in biogeochemical

transport in China Sea

Jianping Gan, Abs NO: CO-09

Session 3: Ocean acidification – from paleorecord to ecological effect

Chair: George T.F. Wong

17:05-17:30 The marine nitrogen cycle in a changing future ocean

David Hutchins, Abs NO: I-17

17:30-17:50 Effects of ocean acidification on calcifying algae, diatom and phytoplankton

assemblages, with special references to interactive impacts with UV

Kunshan Gao, Abs NO: CO-10

17:50-18:20 Panel Discussion

Led by: George T.F. Wong, Dale Haidvogel, and David Hutchins

19:00 Farewell dinner

9

Program of Workshop 2

CHOICE-C Progress, Review and Suggestions

-2nd CHOICE-C Scientific Advisory Committee Meeting

April 5, 2011 (Tuesday), Room A-116, Zeng Cheng Kui Building

Time Event

08:20-08:30 Opening Remarks

Minhan Dai

Session 1: CHOICE-C progress

Chair: Dunxin Hu Minutes: Kuanbo Zhou

08:30-09:20 CHOICE-C progress report

Minhan Dai

Task 1: Air-Sea CO2 exchange & carbonate system in China Seas

Chairs: Timothy Liu and Toshiro Saino Minutes: Qian Li

09:20-09:40 Air-Sea CO2 fluxes in China Seas - new observations and synthesis

Minhan Dai

09:40-10:00 Carbonate system in China Seas - implications for CO2 source and sink terms

Weidong Zhai

10:00-10:20 Remote sensing of marginal sea pCO2 using controlling-factors analysis

method: an example in the East China Sea

Yan Bai

10:20-10:40 River-shelf-open ocean carbon connections

Weidong Zhai / Minhan Dai

10:40-11:00 Break

11:00-11:20 Student mini talks (2-min/two slides max.)

Mechanism of N2O production in the South China Sea and Western North

Pacific inferred from its N and O isotopic composition

Hua Lin

11:20-11:40 Questions & Suggestions

10

Task 2: Biological pump-from carbon biomass, export to carbon burial

Chairs: Michael Landry and Cindy Lee Minutes: Bingzhang Chen

11:40-12:00 Export fluxes in China Seas - new observations and synthesis

Pinghe Cai

12:00-12:20 Community structure & biological pump in China Seas

Bangqin Huang

12:20-13:30 Lunch & Poster Session III

13:30-13:50 Structure and characteristics of the biological pump in China seas

Hongbin Liu

13:50-14:10 Phytoplankton species and biomass carbon in China seas

Jun Sun

14:10-14:30 Bacterial production & respiration: seasonal and spatial contrasts

Bingzhang Chen

14:30-14:50 Community structure inferred from biomarkers in China seas

Meixun Zhao

14:50-15:10 Sediment accumulation rates and carbon burial in the northern South China

Sea

Weifang Chen

15:10-15:30 Organic carbon burial in the past 100 years in the South China Sea off

Guangdong

Guodong Jia

15:30-15:50 Break

15:50-16:10 Student mini talks (2-min/two slides max.)

Shallow-depth dissolution of CaCO3 and BSi in the oligotrophic northern South

China Sea

Zhimian Cao

A high resolution Th-228 study in North Atlantic Ocean

Kuanbo Zhou

Response of Phytoplankton Community Structure to Mesoscale Eddies in the South

China Sea (SCS)

Lei Wang

Isotope constraints on upper water column nitrogen dynamics in the oligotrophic

northern South China Sea

Jinyu Yang

16:10-16:30 Questions & Suggestions

11

Task 3: Ocean acidification

Chair: David Hutchins Minutes: Dinghui Zou

16:30-16:50 Ocean acidification mediates photosynthetic response of phytoplankton to

fluctuation of light

Kunshan Gao

16:50-17:10 Responses of the seaweeds to ocean acidification and global warming

Dinghui Zou

17:10-17:30 Towards reconstruction of the history of the ocean acidification in the South

China Sea

Gangjian Wei

17:30-17:45 Student mini talks (2-min/two slides max.)

(If you want to present the mini talk, please mention to the chair before the

session begins.)

17:45-18:00 Questions & Suggestions

18:30- Dinner

12

April 6, 2011 (Wednesday), Room A-116, Zeng Cheng Kui Building

Time Event

Task 4: Coastal dynamics, carbon transport and modeling

Chairs: Dunxin Hu and Dale Haidvogel Minutes: Zhenyu Sun and Jia Zhu

08:30-08:50 Cross-shelf transport in the East China Sea -observations and modeling

Dezhou Yang

08:50-09:10 Mixing in the South China Sea

Zhiyu Liu

09:10-09:30 Hydrography of the South China Sea based on CHOCIE-C cruise observations

and its possible linkage with nutrients distribution

Zhenyu Sun

09:30-09:50 Terrestrial material transport to the Okinawa Trough during typhoon events:

direct satellite observations

Xianqiang He

09:50-10:10 Ground water discharge of nutrients and carbon into the China seas - a

preliminary study

Guizhi Wang

10:10-10:30 Break

10:30-10:50 Shelf circulation in China seas: observation, modeling and dynamics

Jianping Gan

10:50-11:05 Student mini talks (2-min/two slides max.)

(If you want to present the mini talk, please mention to the chair before the

session begins.)

11:05-11:20 Questions & Suggestions

13

Session 2: Breakout – task teams discussion with SAC members & Invited Speakers

11:30-14:00 Group 1: Air-Sea CO2 exchange & carbonate system in China Seas

SAC Members & invited speakers: Yu-Hwan Ahn, Wei-Jun Cai, Zhongping Lee,

Timothy Liu, Toshiro Saino, Xiao-Hai Yan…

Discussion leader: Wei-Jun Cai

CHOICE-C team members: Task Team 1

Coordinators: Yan Bai, Weidong Zhai and Shaoling Shang

Venue: A116

Group 2: Biological pump - from carbon biomass, export to carbon burial

SAC Members & invited speakers: Robert Armstrong, Michael Landry, Cindy

Lee, George W. Luther, Matthew J. Oliver…

Discussion Leader: Paul Harrison

CHOICE-C team members: Task Team 2, 3, 8

Coordinators: Pinghe Cai and Hongbin Liu

Venue: B206

Group 3: Ocean acidification

SAC Members & invited speakers: George T.F. Wong, David Hutchins, Nancy

Targett…..

Discussion Leader: George T.F. Wong

CHOICE-C team members: Task Team 7

Coordinators: Kunshan Gao and Gangjian Wei

Venue: Seminar corner on the 6th floor

Group 4: Climate change, coastal dynamics and carbon transport and modeling

SAC Members & invited speakers: Igor Belkin, Fei Chai, Matthew Charette,

Dale Haidvogel, Dunxin Hu, Norden Huang, Jiwei Tian...

Discussion Leader: Dale Haidvogel

CHOICE-C team members: Task Team 4, 5, 6

Coordinators: Jianping Gan and Xiaogang Guo

Venue: B214

13:00-14:00 Lunch (Lunch boxes will be delivered to the discussion venues)

14

Group Report

Chair: Minhan Dai Minutes: Guizhi Wang and Zhimian Cao

14:00-14:10 Breakout Report Group 1

Yan Bai

14:10-14:15 Panel recommendation Group 1

Weijun Cai

14:15-14:25 Breakout Report Group 2

Pinghe Cai

14:25-14:30 Panel recommendation Group 2

Paul Harrison

14:30-14:40 Breakout Report Group 3

Kunshan Gao

14:40-14:45 Panel recommendation Group 3

George T.F. Wong

14:45-14:55 Breakout Report Group 4

Jianping Gan

14:55-15:00 Panel recommendation Group 4

Dale Haidvogel

Session 3: Future planning

Chair: Cindy Lee Minutes: Jun Zhang and Shuang Yang

15:00-15:20 Data Management

Haili Wang

15:20-15:40 Synthesis and forecast via observation & modeling integration

Jianping Gan

15:40-16:00 CHOICE-C future planning

Minhan Dai

16:00-16:20 Break

Session 4: Panel recommendation

Chair: Minhan Dai Minutes: Guizhi Wang and Kuanbo Zhou

16:20-18:00 Comments/suggestions/recommendations

18:00-18:20 Meeting summary

18:30-20:30 Dinner

15

Talk and Poster Index

I Invited Talks

NO. Title Presenter Page

I-01 The role of ocean in global climate change Norden Huang 35

I-02 Oceanic fronts, climate change, and carbon flux Igor Belkin 35

I-03 Water cycle observed from space Timothy Liu 35

I-04 Satellite multi-sensor studies of meridional overturning circulation (MOC)

and deep ocean convection (DOC)

Xiao-Hai Yan 36

I-05 Present status of GOCI Yu-Hwan Ahn 36

I-06 Dynamic marine biogeography from space Matthew Oliver 37

I-07 Status of ocean carbon observing from space in China Delu Pan 37

I-08 Monitoring the ocean biogeochemical cycle using satellites, moorings and

floats

Toshiro Saino 38

I-09 Ocean color remote sensing for the study of oceanic carbon Zhongping Lee 38

I-10 Impacts of eutrophication on pH of a large river plume and the

respiration-enhanced ocean acidification in the hypoxic subsurface waters

in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Wei-Jun Cai 39

I-11 Deep ocean fixing of carbon during the process of chemosynthesis George Luther 39

I-12 How do settling velocity and particle exchange affect particle fluxes 39 Cindy Lee 39

I-13 The role of ocean mixing in southern ocean iron-fueled phytoplankton

blooms: insight from radium isotopes 40

Matthew

Charette

40

I-14 New, more-easily-understood models of phytoplankton productivity 41 Robert

Armstrong

41

I-15 Inter-disciplinary modeling of circulation and ecosystem dynamics on the

U.S. east coast continental shelves and estuaries 41

Dale Haidvogel 41

I-16 Modeling impacts of mesoscale eddies on biogeochemical processes in

the South China Sea and Gulf of Alaska 41

Fei Chai 41

I-17 The marine nitrogen cycle in a changing future ocean 42 David Hutchins 42

I-18 Novel results of internal solitary waves in the SCS 42 Jiwei Tian 42

I-19 Warm pool and its role in climate change 43 Dunxin Hu 43

I-20 Algal blooms and carbon dynamics in Hong Kong waters 44 Paul J. Harrison 44

I-21 Plankton food-web structure and biogeochemical fluxes in the equatorial

Pacific

Michael Landry 44

16

II Contributed Talks

NO. Title Presenter Page

CO-01 Air temperature deeply influenced by a typhoon passage in the Korean

eastern coast and inland 45

Hyo Choi 45

CO-02 Simulated response of the Pacific subtropical mode water to globe

warming and its effect on climate variability 45

Qinyu Liu 45

CO-03 Mathematical methods for quantifying the uncertainties in the

assessment and detection of climate changes 46

Samuel Shen 46

CO-04 Using ocean color data to represent ocean biology-induced climate

feedback in the tropical Pacific: a modulation of El Niño-Southern

oscillation 46

Ronghua Zhang 46

CO-05 Fertilization potential of volcanic dust in the low nutrient low chlorophyll

western north pacific subtropical gyre-satellite evidence and laboratory

study

I-I Lin 46

CO-06 Dynamics of phytoplankton community structure derived from a 3D

ecosystem model and satellite ocean colour algorithm

Taka Hirata 47

CO-07 Global declines in surface phytoplankton over the past century 47 Marlon Lewis 47

CO-08 Dynamics and biological consumptions of nutrients and inorganic carbon

in the northern South China Sea under the influence of both river plumes

and coastal upwelling

Minhan Dai 48

CO-09 Modeling Kuroshio-Seas exchange and its implication in biogeochemical

transport in China Sea

Jianping Gan 48

CO-10 Effects of ocean acidification on calcifying algae, diatom and

phytoplankton assemblages, with special references to interactive

impacts with UV

Kunshan Gao 49

CO-11 Evaluation on empirical approaches to estimate seawater pCO2 from

space

Shaoling Shang 50

CO-12 Marine phytoplankton response to typhoon 50 Danling Tang 50

CO-13 Microbial Carbon Pump and its effects in carbon sequestration in the

ocean

Nianzhi Jiao 51

17

III Poster Presentations

NO. Title Presenter Page

PA01 Location of sea surface temperature cooling induced by typhoon in the

South China Sea 52

Danling Tang 52

PA02 Modeling study of oceanic responses to tropical cyclone wind forcing in

the tropical Pacific 52

Yuhua Pei 52

PA03 Interactions between atmosphere, ecosystem and marine environment in

Nigeria

Tairu Salami 52

PA04 Interrelation of certain astrometric parameters of movement of the orbit

of the earth and the periods of sharp change of climatic, hydrographic

and tectonic processes in the earth 53

Andrey

Kharitonov

53

PA05 Spatial patterns of trends in sea surface temperature analysis from in situ

data at east mole, lagos and global warming 53

Okuku Ediang 53

PA06 Ocean-acidification related observations from remote sensing 53 Danling Tang 53

PA07 A comparison of upwelling indices in the Benguela upwelling system 54 Zhaoyun Chen 54

PA08 A parameterization of coastal upwelling involving shelf slope conditions 54 Zhaoyun Chen 54

PA09 Estimating subsurface temperature anomaly using a self-organizing neural

network

Xiangbai Wu 55

PA10 The role of poleward energy transport in Arctic temperature evolution 55 Xiao-Yi Yang 55

PA11 Mid-Holocene variability of the East Asian monsoon based on bulk

organic δ13

C and C/N records from the Pearl River estuary, southern China 55

Fengling Yu 55

PA12 Pressure gradients in the inner surf and swash zone Autumn Kidwell

PB01 Reconstruction of chlorophyll-a concentration in East-China-Sea using

data interpolating empirical orthogonal functions 56

Hailun He 56

PB02 Estimate of CO2 flux in the East China Sea using temperature, salinity and

phosphate concentration 56

Yi Li 56

PB03 Observing the variations of atmospheric CO2 concentration from long

time series oceanic sunglint radiant ratio 57

Jiawei Chen 57

PB04 Potential of MODIS 500m bands for estimating chlorophyll-a

concentration in northern South China Sea: a new algorithm 57

Gang Pan 57

PB05 Estimation on air-sea carbon flux in the polar ocean based on remote

sensing data 58

Suqing Xu 58

PB06 Spacebased carbon dioxide fugacity in sea 58 Timothy Liu 58

PC02 Carbonate chemistry in the western South China Sea under the influence

of mesoscale cyclonic eddy and Mekong River plume 59

Xianghui Guo 59

PC03 Temporal variation of halocarbons in relation to phytoplankton dynamics

during artificial iron fertilization experiment (LOHAFEX) in South Atlantic 59

Rajdeep Roy 59

PC05 Influence of strong wind event on chlorophyll and surface ocean pCO2 in

the northern South China Sea during winter 59

Caiyun Zhang 59

PC06 Spatial and temporal complexity of potential nutrient limitation in Hong

Kong Waters 60

Jie Xu

60

PC07 Temporal and spatial variations of Chl a and its implication on the food

source to clam in the intertidal area of the Yellow River Estuary

Li Zou

PC08 The distribution and budget of nutrients in the intertidal area of the

Yellow River Delta

Li Zou

18

Task 1: Air-Sea CO2 exchange & carbonate system in China Seas

NO. Title Presenter Page

PD02* Mechanism of N2O production in the South China Sea and Western North

Pacific inferred from its N and O isotopic composition 61

Hua Lin 61

PD04* Upper ocean responses to category 5 Typhoon Megi in the North Western

Pacific

Xiaoyan Chen 62

PD08* Dynamics of the carbonate system on the northern South China Sea shelf

under the influence of both a river plume and coastal upwelling 64

Zhimian Cao 64

PD16* Significant nutrient transport from the East China Sea into the South

China Sea in winter

Aiqin Han 67

PD20* Influence of wind products on the estimation of air-sea CO2 flux 70 Zhaoyang Song 70

PD21* A preliminary analysis of the in situ observation of CO2 flux in the South

China Sea

Shuiqing Li 70

PD22* A possible link of wave model with gas transfer velocity --a preliminary

study

Zhuhua Li 70

PD26* In situ analyzers for the parameters of the seawater CO2 system Quanlong Li 73

PD44* Observing pCO2 dynamics based on on a Battelle pCO2 monitoring system

at a coastal site influenced by strong tide off the Hangzhou Bay and the

Changjiang estuary

Xu Dong 81

PD47* The distribution of dissolved organic carbon in the CHOICE-C winter cruise Kai Wu 83

PD50* Nutrients in China Seas based on in CHOICE-C cruises Lifang Wang

PD51* Seasonal distribution of the carbonate system parameters in China seas Liguo Guo

PD52* Surface seawater pCO2, air-sea CO2 fluxes and their major controls based

on CHOICE-C cruises in 2008-2010

Qian Li

Task 2: Biological pump-from carbon biomass, export to carbon burial

NO. Title Presenter Page

PD01* Phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with particulate

organic carbon fluxes in the South China Sea and East China Sea 60

Bangqin Huang 60

PD03* Proportions and variations of the absorption coefficients of major ocean

color components in the East China Sea 61

Hui Lei 61

PD05* The preliminary analysis of Asian dust events impact on the concentration

of Chl-a in the Yellow Sea 62

Qianguang Tu 62

PD06* Explore microbial intermediated C, N dynamics in low oxygen

environments: application of labeled 15

N and FISH-MAR techniques 63

Shuh-Ji Kao 63

PD09* Response of phytoplankton community structure to mesoscale eddies in

the South China Sea (SCS) 64

Lei Wang 64

PD10* Phosphorus stress of phytoplankton in Chinese coastal waters

—determined by bulk alkaline phosphatase activity assays 65

Yu Mo 65

PD11* Unimodal relationship between phytoplankton mass-specific growth rate

and size

Bingzhang Chen 65

PD12* Dynamics of phytoplankton community structure in the South China Sea

in response to the East Asian aerosol input 65

Cui Guo

65

19

NO. Title Presenter Page

PD13* Phylogenetic composition and distribution of protists in the hypoxic zone

on the inner Louisiana Shelf of the Gulf of Mexico 66

Emma Rocke 66

PD14* Effect of diatom silicon contents on zooplankton grazing and its

implication to POC flux 66

Hongbin Liu 66

PD15* Dynamics of picoplankton distribution in the East China Sea 67 Cui Guo 67

PD17* A high resolution Th-228 study in North Atlantic Ocean 68 Kuanbo Zhou 68

PD18* Investigating organic carbon distribution and cycling in the Yellow Sea 69 Kuanbo Zhou 69

PD23* Diversity and abundance of diazotrophic bacterioplankton in the South

China Sea deep basin 71

Yao Zhang 71

PD28* Phylogenetic diversity and spatio-temporal distribution of nitrogenase

genes (nifH) in the northern South China Sea 74

Liangliang Kong 74

PD36* Daily primary productivity and respiration of phytoplankton assemblages

in the South China Sea 77

Guang Gao 77

PD37* Phytoplankton in northern South China Sea 78 Jun Sun 78

PD38* Phytoplankton assemblages in Yellow Sea and East China Sea in summer

and winter of 2009

Jun Sun 78

PD39* The living coccolithophores in China Seas Waters in summer and winter 2009 Jun Sun 79

PD40* Metaproteomic characterization of dissolved organic matter in the water

column of the South China Sea 79

Dazhi Wang 79

PD42* Sources and burial rates of organic matter in the Yellow Sea and East

China Sea sediments over the last 100 years 80

Da-Wei LI 80

PD45* Isotope constraints on upper water column nitrogen dynamics in the

oligotrophic northern South China Sea 82

Jinyu Yang 82

PD48* Using the Radium quartet to evaluate the submarine groundwater

discharge and derived nitrogen to the shelf of Northern South China Sea

in winter

Qian Liu 83

Task 3: Ocean acidification

NO. Title Presenter Page

PD07* Effects of CO2 enrichment on phytoplankton community in China Sea waters 63 Jun Sun 63

PD30* Decreased calcification affects photosynthetic responses of Emiliania

huxleyi exposed to UV radiation and elevated temperature 74

Kai Xu 74

PD31* CO2-dirven seawater acidification affects photochemical performance of a

green alga 75

Yuting Liu 75

PD32* Fluctuating irradiance regulates the effects of CO2-induced acidification

on photosynthesis of the coccolithorphore Gephyroscapsa oceanica 75

Peng Jin 75

PD33* Photosynthetic response of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana

to increased pCO2 and seawater acidity 76

Guiyuan Yang 76

PD34* Phytosynthetic responses to multiple stressors (increased seawater acidity,

UV and temperature) of a diatom grown under elevated CO2 concentration 76

Yahe Li 76

PD35* Nitrogen limitation increases the negative effects of elevated CO2 on

dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans under different light regimes 77

Ying Zhen 77

20

Task 4: Coastal dynamics, carbon transport and modeling NO. Title Presenter Page

PD19* Observed Three-dimensional Structure of a Cold Eddy in the

Southwestern South China Sea 69

Zhenyu Sun 69

PD24* Analysis on water masses in the northern South China Sea in summer and

winter of 2009 71

Jia Zhu 71

PD25* Seasonal fluxes and source variation of organic carbon transported by

two major Chinese rivers: The Yellow River and Changjiang (Yangtze River) 72

Xuchen Wang 72

PD27* Distribution of surface dissolved trace metals in northern South China

Sea: Evidence of anthropogenic sources 73

Deli Wang 73

PD29* Comparison of the hydrographical characteristics along the 120°E section

in the Luzon Strait 74

Zhida Huang 74

PD41* A comparative geochemical study of the Pearl River system and coastal

rivers (SE China): assessing the contributions of geological and

anthropogenic sources 80

Harish Gupta 80

PD43* Modeling dissolved oxygen, nutrients, and organic matter in the upper

reach of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) in the context of hypoxia 81

Zhiqiang Yin 81

PD46* Variability of Kuroshio in East China Sea derived from remote sensing data 83 Zhiqiang Liu 83

Subprojects progress report

NO. Title Presenter

PE01* Progress report to “Air-sea CO2 flux and its temporal and spatial

variability” (subproject 1) of CHOICE-C

Minhan Dai

PE02* Progress report to “Primary productivity and carbon inventory”

(subproject 2) of CHOICE-C

Delu Pan

PE03* Progress report to “Recycling, export and burial of carbon” (subproject 3)

of CHOICE-C

Pinghe Cai

PE04* Progress report to “Terrestrial carbon input and its impact on the carbon

cycling in the coastal ocean” (subproject 4) of CHOICE-C

Weidong Zhai

PE05* Progress report to “Carbon exchanges between the continental shelf and

the open ocean” (subproject 5) of CHOICE-C

Li Li /

Xiaogang Guo

PE06* Progress report to “Ocean acidification-reconstruction and current status”

(subproject 6) of CHOICE-C

Ganjian Wei

PE07* Progress report to “Ecological response to ocean acidification”

(subproject 7) of CHOICE-C

Kunshan Gao

PE08* Progress report to “Simulations and predictions of future carbon budget”

subproject 8 of CHOICE-C

Jianping Gan

* Posters will be displayed throughout the two workshops at the atrium of Zeng Cheng Kui Building.

21

Important Information

Registration

Registration will be open at 16:00-21:00 on April 2, 2011 at lobbies of both Millennium Harborview

Hotel and Hilford Hotel, and at 8:00 on April 3 at the workshop venue at Zeng Cheng Kui Building of

Xiamen University.

PowerPoint files uploading

Please upload your PowerPoint file to the symposium computer at the time of registration. Note that

we handle Microsoft Office files.

Poster display

Poster ID# could be found in the “Talk and Poster Index” in this brochure and is available at the poster

help desk. We encourage all of the posters be displayed throughout the workshop. Poster boards are

90 cm (width) and 110 cm (height).

Information and poster help desk

The information desk and poster help desk is located outside the meeting room at the atrium of ZCK

Building, and it opens during 8:30-18:00 from April 3 to 6.

Internet

Wireless internet accesses are available outside the conference venue. Please search for “CHOICE-C”.

Accommodation & hotel instructions

Rooms are secured at the Millennium Harborview Hotel and Hilford Hotel from April 3 to April 6,

2011.

Millennium Harborview Hotel（千禧海景大酒店）is located in downtown Xiamen, which is within

walking distance to the oldest major shopping and business district of Xiamen. It is only ~5 minutes

driving distance to the meeting venue, with walk distance to the ferry of Gulang Island, and is 20

minutes driving distance from the Xiamen International Airport. More information about the hotel

could be found at http://www.millenniumhotels.com/cn/millenniumxiamen/index.html.

Hilford Hotel（希尔福酒店）is located in downtown Xiamen, with 5 minutes driving distance to the

meeting venue. More information is available at http://www.hilford.com.cn/hilford.

Taxi is the most convenient way to get around in Xiamen. The taxi fare charge is 8 RMB for the first 3

km and 2 RMB per km thereafter. There is a 2 RMB fuel surcharge for each ride.

Instructions to show to the taxi driver:

请送我到千禧海景大酒店，谢谢！

地址：镇海路 12-8 号

Please take me to the Millennium Harborview Hotel. Thank you.

22

请送我到希尔福酒店，谢谢！

地址：思明南路 495 号（博物馆站）

Please take me to the Hilford Hotel. Thank you.

请送我到厦门大学曾呈奎楼，谢谢！

地址：大学路 182 号（厦大医院站往前走 300 米）

Please take me to the Zeng Cheng Kui Building of Xiamen University. Thank you.

Shuttle buses

Shuttles have been arranged between the hotels and the workshop venue (Zeng Cheng Kui

Building/ZCK Bldg 曾呈奎楼) every morning and evening.

Summary Information of shuttle buses & social events:

Date Related Event Time From To

3-Apr

For Joint

Workshop

08:00 Millennium Harbourview Hotel ZCK Bldg

08:00 Hilford Hotel

After

Welcome

Reception

21:30 ZCK Bldg

Millennium Harborview Hotel

Hilford Hotel

4-Apr

For Joint

Workshop

08:00 Millennium Harbourview Hotel ZCK Bldg

08:00 Hilford Hotel

For farewell

dinner 18:30 ZCK Bldg Grand Harbor Restaurant

After farewell

dinner 21:00 Restaurant

Hilford Hotel

Millennium Harborview Hotel

5-Apr

For CHOICE-C

SAC Meeting

08:00 Millennium Harbourview Hotel ZCK Bldg

08:00 Hilford Hotel

For dinner 18:00 ZCK Bldg Wyndham Restaurant

After dinner 20:30 Wyndham Restaurant Hilford Hotel

6-Apr

For CHOICE-C

SAC Meeting

08:00 Millennium Harbourview Hotel ZCK Bldg

08:00 Hilford Hotel

For dinner 18:30 ZCK Bldg Bailuzhou Restaurant

After dinner 21:00

Restaurant Millennium Harborview Hotel

21:00 Hilford Hotel

23

Other Information

Time Zone

Time Zone: CMT/UTC plus 8 hours

Useful Numbers

Telephone country code: +86

Telephone area code: 592

Police: 110

Fire Department: 119

Ambulance: 120

Xiamen No.1 Hospital: 2137327

Xiamen Zhongshan Hospital: 2292120

Local directory assistance: 114 (service in Chinese only)

Currency and Bank Information

The RMB (Renminbi) is the official currency, also called Chinese Yuan. Only RMB can be used when

you are in China. Major credit cards including VISA, MasterCard, and American Express are accepted

at some hotels, department stores and restaurants.

The universal Currency Converter: http://www.xe.com/ucc/

The airport Office of the Bank of China is located on the Departure Level, at which currency exchange

service is available. Bank of China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Construction Bank of

China, and Guangda Bank also provide ATM service in the terminal.

There are a few banks on the campus of Xiamen University and near the Millennium Harbourview

Hotel. Banking hours and days vary from bank to bank in Xiamen. However, most Chinese banks are

open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. or 5:30 p.m., and have branches that are open on Saturdays and Sundays.

Tipping

Tipping is not a part of Chinese custom. A 10 to 15% service charge may be added to your bill at hotels

thus no tipping is expected unless you are provided with extra service. It is not necessary to tip a taxi

driver unless he/she assists with luggage or provides extra service.

Electricity

The standard domestic power supply in China is 220 V AC at 50 Hz. The standard sockets

are two parallel lines and three lines as shown on the right photo.

Insurance

No responsibility can be assured for any kind of personal accidents, sickness, theft, or property

damage suffered by conference participants. Participants are advised to arrange whatever insurance

they consider it necessary.

Business hours

Typical business hours in government and private offices are from 8:30 to 17:30, and they are closed

on Saturday and Sunday. Most shops are open from 9:30 to 21:30 or later, and open seven days a

week.

24

Weather

Xiamen is a subtropical coastal city. The temperature in April is between 12-25℃, with an average of

19.1℃. The average precipitation in April is about 124 mm. Yahoo’s 5-day Xiamen weather report:

http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/CHXX0140_f.html

For more useful and interesting local information, visit http://amoymagic.com/ maintained by Dr. Bill

Brown and Sue Brown.

About Xiamen

Xiamen Island is located on

the southeast coastland of

China, which is well known

as the “Garden on the Sea”

with its unique culture and

beautiful scenery, excellent

weather all year round.

Xiamen is a port city and a

transportation hub, easily

accessible by air, sea or land.

The Gaoqi International

Airport is on the

north-eastern tip of the

island, 25 km away from

Xiamen University.

Campus Around

The workshop will be in the Zeng Cheng Kui Building of the Xiamen University’s main campus. Xiamen

University is a 90-year-old university located in the picturesque setting between the sea and a scenic

mountain, with the main campus over 150 hectares and all buildings and facilities within walking

distance.

Zeng Cheng Kui Building Jiannan Building Yanwu Bridge

Xiamen

25

Main campus of Xiamen University

Tour to Earth Building

The traditional residential buildings in the western part of Fujian Province in south China- Hakka

Earth Buildings are named by the UNESCO as the 8th

world wonder. The Hakka were originally

immigrants from northern China who settled in the southern provinces. From the 17th

century

onwards, population pressures drove them more and more into conflicts with their neighbors. As

rivalry for resources turned to armed warfare, the Hakka

began building communal living structures designed to

be easily defensible. These houses, sometimes called

Tulou, were often round in shape and internally divided

into many compartments for food storage, living

quarters, ancestral temple, armory etc. Among these

300-600-year-old buildings, Wuyunlou, built during the

Ming Dynasty over five hundred years ago, is still

occupied by residents.

ZCK Bldg

26

List of Participants

Name Email Affiliation

Ahn, Yu-Hwan yhahn@kordi.re.kr Korea Ocean Satellite Center, Korea Ocean

Research and Development Institute, South

Korea

Armstrong,

Robert

rarmstrong@notes.cc.sunysb.edu School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences,

Stony Brook University, USA

Bai, Yan baiyan_ocean@126.com Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA

Belkin, Igor ibelkin@gso.uri.edu Graduate School of Oceanography, University of

Rhode Island, USA

Cai, Fengyuan cfy@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Cai, Pinghe caiph@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Cai, Wei-Jun wcai@uga.edu Department of Marine Sciences, University of

Georgia, USA

Cao, Zhimian zmcao@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Chai, Fei fchai@maine.edu School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine,

USA

Charette,

Matthew

mcharette@whoi.edu Department of Marine Chemistry &

Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic

Institution, USA

Chen, Bingzhang bzchen2011@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Chen, Jiawei flying_howe@126.com Xiamen University

Chen, Weifang xmchenwf@gmail.com Xiamen University

Chen, Xiaoyan cxy_hz@163.com Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA

Chen, Jianfang Biogeo_chen@hotmail.com Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA

Choi, Hyo du8392@hanmail.net Graduate School, Gangneung-Wonju National

University, South Korea

Cui, Qianfang cuiqianfang@163.com Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA

Dai, Minhan mdai@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Dong, Xu dongxu@stu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Ediang, Okuku ediang2000@yahoo.com Marine Division, World Meteorological

Organization, Nigeria

Feng, Yuanyuan f.yuanyuan@gmail.com Institute of Oceanology, CAS

Gai, Yingbao gai.xm@163.com Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA

Gan, Jianping magan@ust.hk Marine and Coastal Environment (AMCE)

27

Name Email Affiliation

Program, The Hong Kong University of Science

and Technology

Gan, Zijun zijungan@scsio.ac.cn South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, CAS

Gao, Guang gaoguang@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Gao, Kunshan ksgao@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Gao, Yongli yongligao@scsio.ac.cn South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, CAS

Ge, Yong geyong1978@tiosoa.cn Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA

Guo, Cui guocui@ust.hk The Hong Kong University of Science and

Technology

Guo, Liguo glg@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Guo, Xianghui xhguo@gate.sinica.edu.tw Research Center for Environmental Changes,

Academia Sinica, Taipei

Guo, Xiaogang guoxiaogang@tiosoa.cn Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA

Haidvogel, Dale dale@imcs.rutgers.edu Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutger

University, USA

Han, Aiqin aqhan@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Hao, Zengzhou hzyx80@163.com Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA

Harish, Gupta Harishgupta78@gmail.com Xiamen University

Harrison, Paul harrison@ust.hk The Hong Kong University of Science and

Technology

He, Hailun hehailun@sio.org.cn State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean

Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of

Oceanography, SOA

He, Xiangqiang hexianqiang@sio.org.cn Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA

Hirata, Taka tahi@ees.hokudai.ac.jp Faculty of Environmental Earth Science,

Hokkaido University, Japan

Hu, Dunxin dxhu@ms.qdio.ac.cn Institute of Oceanology, CAS

Hu, Jianyu hujy@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Huang, Bangqin bphuang@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Huang, Norden Norden@ncu.edu.tw Research Center for Adaptive Data Analysis,

National Central University (Jhongli)

Huang, Tao ht@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Hutchins, David dahutch@usc.edu Department of Biological Sciences, University of

Southern California, USA

Jia, Cun jc@tiosoa.cn Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA

Jia, Guodong Jiagd@gig.ac.cn Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, CAS

28

Name Email Affiliation

Jiang, Zongpei Zongpei.Jiang@noc.soton.ac.uk Xiamen University, University of Southampton,

UK

Jin, Peng jinpengyouyu@yahoo.com.cn Xiamen University

Kharitonov,

Andrey

ahariton@izmiran.ru Pushkov Insitute of Terrestrial Magnetism,

Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation of

Russian Academy of Science (IZMIRAN), Russia

Kidwell, Autumn autumn.n.kidwell@gmail.com College of Earth, Ocean and Environment,

University of Delaware, USA

Landry, Michael mlandry@ucsd.edu Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USA

Lee, Cindy Cindy.lee@sunysb.edu School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences,

Stony Brook University, USA

Lee, Zhongping zplee@ngi.msstate.edu Northern Gulf Institute, Mississippi State

University, USA

Lei, Hui leihuiwater@126.com Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA

León Fernández,

Violeta Victoria

violetalf@gmail.com Instituto del Mar del Perú, Peru

Lewis, Marlon marlon.lewis@dal.ca Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie

University, Canada

Li, Chunyuan cyli@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Li, Dawei ldw647@126.com Ocean University of China

Li, Li lili@tiosoa.cn Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA

Li, Qian lipb@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Li, Qing andrealily@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Li, Quanlong liql@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Li, Shuiqing lshq160@gmail.com Ocean University of China

Li, Yahe liyahe1105@163.com Xiamen University

Li, Yi fishallen@gmail.com State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean

Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of

Oceanography, SOA

Li, Zhuhua lizhuhua37@163.com Ocean University of China

Lin, Gong lingong@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Lin, Hua linhua@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Lin, I-I iilin@as.ntu.edu.tw Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National

Taiwan University (Taipei)

Lin, Lizhen Lizhen8214@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Lin, Wenfang lwf@stu.xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Liu, Angela huiliu@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

29

Name Email Affiliation

Liu, Hongbin liuhb@ust.hk The Hong Kong University of Science and

Technology

Liu, Jianbin bin519li1129@163.com Xiamen University

Liu, Qinyu liuqy@ouc.edu.cn Physical Oceanography lab, Ocean University of

China

Liu, Qiong mrliuqiong@yahoo.com.cn Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA

Liu, Timothy w.t.liu@jpl.nasa.gov Jet Propulsion Laboratory, National Aeronautics

and Space Administration (NASA) , USA

Liu, Yuting liuyuting1031@yeah.net Xiamen University

Liu, Zhiliang zhlliu@ms.qdio.ac.cn Institute of Oceanology, CAS

Liu, Zhiyu zyliu@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Luther, George luther@udel.edu College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment,

University of Delaware, USA

Meng, Feifei mengff@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Mo, Yu qycssw@163.com Xiamen University

Oliver, Matthew moliver@udel.edu College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment,

University of Delaware, USA

Pan, Delu pandelu@sio.org.cn Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA

Pan, Gang gpan@scsio.ac.cn South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, CAS

Pei, Yuhua yuhua.pei@sio.org.cn State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean

Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of

Oceanography, SOA

Qian, Wei qianwei@stu.xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Ren, Jianguo renjg@mail.nsfc.gov.cn Ocean Science Program, Earth Science Division,

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Rocke, Emma erocke@gmail.com The Hong Kong University of Science and

Technology

Roy, Rajdeep rajdeeproy2003@yahoo.com Chemical Oceanography Department, National

Institute of Oceanography, India

Saino, Toshiro tsaino@jamstec.go.jp Research Institute for Global Change, Japan

Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

(JAMSTEC), Japan

Salami, Tairu adesat2002@yahoo.com Weather Forecasting Services, Nigerian

Meteorological Agency, Nigeria

Shang, Shaoling slshang@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Shen, Samuel shen@math.sdsu.edu Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San

Diego State University, USA

30

Name Email Affiliation

Shi, Vera vera_shiwei@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Song, Zhaoyang songzhaoyang1987@yahoo.cn Ocean University of China

Sun, Jun phytoplankton@163.com Institute of Oceanology, CAS

Sun, Zhenyu sunzy@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Tang, Danling lingzistdl@126.com South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, CAS

Targett, Nancy ntargett@udel.edu College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment,

University of Delaware, USA

Tian, Jiwei jwtian@ouc.edu.cn Ocean University of China

Tu, Qianguang thotho@163.com Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA

Wang, Danna danna@stu.xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Wang, Deli deliwang@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Wang, Guizhi gzhwang@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Wang, Haili hwang@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Wang, Hui wangh@nmefc.gov.cn National Marine Environment Forecast Center,

SOA

Wang, Lei wangleiytu@163.com Xiamen University

Wang, Lei wangleicoexmu@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Wang, Xuchen xuchen.wang@usb.edu Institute of Oceanology, CAS

Wang,

Zhangyong

Wang.zhang.yong@163.com Xiamen University

Wei, Gangjian gjwei@gig.ac.cn Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, CAS

Wei, Guomei weiguomei@163.com Xiamen University

Wong, George T. F. gtfwong@gate.sinica.edu.tw Research Center for Environmental Changes,

Academia Sinica (Taipei)

Wu, Kai wukaifan@tom.com Xiamen University

Xie, Yuyuan xieyuyuan@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Xu, Dongyu dyxu@public.qd.sd.cn Institute of Marine Geology, Ministry of Geology

and Mineral Resources

Xu, Jie xujie@ust.hk Division of Environment, The Hong Kong

University of Science and Technology

Xu, Kai xu_k@yahoo.cn Xiamen University

Xu, Songli xsl_008@163.com Xiamen University

Xu, Suqing xusuqing@263.net Key Lab of Global Change and

Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of

Oceanography, SOA

Xu, Yanping ypxu@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

31

Name Email Affiliation

Xu, Yi Xuyi15@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Yan, Xiao-Hai xiaohai@udel.edu College of Marine and Earth Studies, University

of Delaware, USA

Yang, Dezhou yangdezhou@ms.qdio.ac.cn Institute of Oceanology, CAS

Yang, Guiyuan yanggy004@163.com Xiamen University

Yang, Jinyu jyyang@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Yang, Shuang sundyys@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Yang, Xiaoyi xyyang@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Yang, Xiqian yangxq@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Ye, Chengmiao yecm@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Yin, Kedong yinkd@mail.sysu.edu.cn Sun Yat-Sen University (Guangzhou)

Yu, Fengling fengling.yu@ntu.edu.sg Tectonics Group, Earth Observatory of

Singapore, Nanyang Technological University,

Singapore

Yu, Kefu kefuyu@scsio.ac.cn South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, CAS

Zhai, Weidong wdzhai@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Zhang, Caiyun cyzhang@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Zhang, Caiyun cyzhang@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Zhang, Jun Junzhang@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Zhang, Rong-Hua rzhang@essic.umd.edu Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center

(ESSIC), University of Maryland, USA

Zhang, Xiaoping zxp3651779@126.com Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA

Zhang, Yao yaozhang@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Zhao, Daochen zdc@stu.xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Zhao, Dongliang dlzhao@ouc.edu.cn Ocean University of China

Zhao, Meixun maxzhao@ouc.edu.cn Ocean University of China

Zhao, Zhenhua zhzhao@gig. ac.cn Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, CAS

Zheng,Ying zhengying128@163.com Xiamen University

Zhong, Chao hongchao@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Zhou, Kuanbo kbzhou@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Zhu, Dayong zhudy@ tiosoa.cn Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA

Zhu, Jia zhujia@xmu.edu.cn Xiamen University

Zou, Dinghui dhzou@scut.edu.cn South China University of Technology

Zou, Li zouli@ouc.edu.cn Ocean University of China

32

About CHOICE-C

Under the guidelines of the “973” program, we have formed a few committees for CHOICE-C. These

include consultative committee appointed by the “973” Program Office at MOST. In addition, a

Scientific Advisory Committee composed of internationally well-known scientists in the field has been

formulated in order to better implement CHOICE-C and to promote CHOICE-C in the international

community. The program structure is illustrated in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1 CHOICE-C program structure.

33

CHOICE-C Committees

1) Consultative Committee of the “973” Program

Gan, Zijun South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Xu, Dongyu Institute of Marine Geology, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources

Zhao, Zhenhua Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences

2) Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC)

Borges, Alberto Vieira Chemical Oceanography Unit, University of Liège, Belgium

Cai, Wei-Jun Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, USA

Chai, Fei School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, USA

Chao, Jiping National Marine Environment Forecast Center

Chen, C. T. Arthur Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University

(Kaohsiung)

Foreman, Mike Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Canada

Gatusso, Jean-Pierre Laboratoire d'Océanographie, CNRS-UPMC, France

Haidvogel, Dale Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutger University, USA

Harrison, Paul AMCE Program, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Hu, Dunxin Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Hutchins, David Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, USA

Landry, Michael Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of Califonia, USA

Lee, Cindy Stony Brook University, USA

Riebesell, Ulf Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR), Germany

Tian, Jiwei Ocean University of China

Wallace, Douglas Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), Germany

Wong, George T. F. Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica (Taipei)

Yan, Xiao-Hai College of Marine and Earth Studies, University of Delaware, USA

3) Scientific Steering Committee (SSC)

At the operation level, a program Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) has been approved by the

program office at MOST. SSC members will meet at regular basis throughout the project to make

critical decision related to the program operation. CHOICE-C SSC includes the following individuals:

Dai, Minhan Xiamen University

Gan, Jianping Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Gao, Kunshan Xiamen University

Guo, Xiaogang Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration

Pan, Delu Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration

Wang, Hui National Marine Environment Forecast Center

34

Wang, Xuchen Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Yu, Kefu South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Zhao, Meixun Ocean University of China

4) CHOICE-C PIs

PI:

Dai, Minhan Xiamen University

Co-PIs:

Pan, Delu Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration

Cai, Pinghe Xiamen University

Zhai, Weidong Xiamen University

Li, Li/Guo, Xiaogang Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration

Wei, Gangjian Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Gao, Kunshan Xiamen University

Gan, Jianping Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

35

Abstracts

I Invited Talks

I-01 The role of ocean in global climate change

Norden E. Huang (Norden@ncu.edu.tw)

Research Center for Adaptive Data Analysis, National Central University, Jhongli

Given that 70% of the Earth surface is covered by the oceans, and that over half of the ocean is more

than 3000 meters in depth, the oceans could affect the climate in various ways: The ocean currents

constitute a great conveyor belt system to transport heat throughout the global oceans, but primarily

polar ward to moderate the large temperature gradient existing on the land surface. The oceans are

the main sources of water vapor, which is a more potent greenhouse gas than all the others combined.

And oceans also serve as a sink for greenhouse gases as they dissolve and being sequestered in the

great depth. Finally, the great heat content of ocean water provides a great heat reservoir. Therefore,

without a thorough knowledge of the oceans, it would be impossible for us to construct an accurate

model of the climate. Indeed, the existing observational data indicate that there are close correlation

between the North Atlantic Ocean surface temperature anomalies and the global surface temperature

anomalies from the El Niño phenomena of 2 to 7 years to multi-decadal Pacific Decadal and Atlantic

Multi-decadal Oscillations time scales. This close correlation gives a strong indication that oceans are a

crucial factor in affecting the climate change. In this talk, the role of the oceans in affecting the climate

condition is reviewed for various time scales covering geological ones depending on the global land

mass and ocean relative distribution down to the ocean dynamics scale of El Niño phenomena. This

review actually serves as a plea and an urgent call for intensifying ocean research as a crucial part of

the global climate studies.

I-02 Oceanic fronts, climate change, and carbon flux

Igor M. Belkin (ibelkin@gso.uri.edu)

Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, USA

Oceanic fronts are most salient elements of ocean structure that occur on a variety of spatial and

temporal scales, from meters to thousands of km, and from days to millennia. Large-scale fronts are

most stable components of this structure, alongside with water masses that these fronts separate. In

my presentation, I will review the issue of long-term stability of large-scale oceanic fronts as they are

affected by the ongoing climate change. I will also review the role played by oceanic fronts in carbon

flux, including carbon sequestration in the deep ocean. Finally, I will link the above issues and consider

how the ongoing climate change would impact carbon flux and storage in major large-scale frontal

zones of the World Ocean.

I-03 Water cycle observed from space

W. Timothy Liu (w.t.liu@jpl.nasa.gov) and Xiaosu Xie

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, NASA, USA

Water conservation in an atmospheric column over oceans is demonstrated by estimating the time

change of water content, the divergence of moisture transport integrated over the depth of

36

atmosphere, surface evaporation and precipitation, using space measurement. We have derived and

validated water transport using satellite observations of surface wind-stress, cloud drift winds, and

column-integrated water vapor, through a statistical model. We have estimated surface evaporation

by traditional bulk parameterization and by direct retrieval from radiances observed by microwave

radiometers. We have demonstrated the mass balance over global oceans. The long-term mean of

surface water flux agrees with total water discharge from the continent within 20%. The seasonal

variation of the flux adjusted for climatological river discharge from continents agrees with ocean

mass loss measured by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) both in amplitude and

in phase. The continental water balance over South America was examined through the moisture

advection across the coastline and the mean surface flux over the continent is within 5% of historical

values. The water influx from the oceans to the continent minus river discharge agrees with the mass

change in phase and amplitude of the annual cycle. Examples of oceanic influences on continental

rainfall, in the Sahel, in East Asia, and in Southern Great Plain of the United States will be presented.

Preliminary results of upper ocean salinity balance, using in situ salinity data archive will also be

discussed, in anticipation of spacebased surface salinity measurements.

I-04 Satellite multi-sensor studies of meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and deep ocean

convection (DOC)

Xiao-Hai Yan (xiaohai@udel.edu), Young-Heon Jo, Fei Li, and W. Timothy Liu

College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, USA

The US National Academy of Sciences-Ocean Study Board identified the improved understanding of

the mechanisms behind fluctuations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) as a

near-term priority in the Ocean Research Priorities Plan issued in January of 2007. In response to this

near-term priority, a panel of scientists developed a multi-year implementation plan that laid the

groundwork for an inter-agency program that would develop the initial components of an AMOC

monitoring system and AMOC prediction capability. A US AMOC Science Team, selected in March of

2008, bears the responsibility of accomplishing the program objectives with guidance and oversight

from the supporting agencies (NASA, NSF and NOAA).

In order to detect the early onset and predict the long-term variability of the climate, it is important to

develop an understanding of the physical processes that regulate the deep water formation rate and

its contributions to the AMOC. We use remote sensing tools (multi-sensor satellites) to observe and

measure deep ocean convection (DOC), the mixing of surface with deep ocean water. The exchange of

temperature and salinity between the upper and lower layers of the ocean has an important effect on

the currents in the ocean (which are mostly buoyancy driven), and the exchange of heat between the

upper layer and the atmosphere. The improved understanding of DOC resulting from this study will

allow us to better assess its impact on AMOC (so called Thermal Conveyor Belt) and further, on

climate change, and thus help to detect the early onset of rapid climate change. This presentation will

provide an overview and summarize the latest developments and research results on characteristic

features of DOC in the Labrador Sea based on multi satellite sensors and Argo float measurements.

I-05 Present status of GOCI

Yu-Hwan Ahn (yhahn@kordi.re.kr)

Korea Ocean Satellite Center, Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute, South Korea

GOCI (Geostationary Ocean Color Imager), a new conception of the first ocean color observation

payload in geostationary orbit, is one of three main payloads on COMS (Communication, Ocean and

Meteorological Satellite). It was successfully launched at Kourou Space Center in French Guiana by

37

Ariane-5 rocket in June 27, 2010 (KST).

Main mission of GOCI are focused to monitor and predict the long and short-term biophysical

phenomena and water quality of the surrounded Korean waters. The GOCI coverage area is the

2,500km×2,500km square, and the location of the coverage center is at 36˚N and 130˚E. It covers from

the Taiwan strait to the southern Okhotsk basin. GOCI has six visible bands and two near-infrared

bands for the purpose of atmospheric correction. Ground Sampling Distance of GOCI is about 500m at

the center of the GOCI coverage area.

GOCI whole area is mosaicked with 16 (4x4) slots which were taken 2D CMOS with 1413 x 1430

effective pixel array. GOCI also has been developed to observe the coverage area by every hour and

planned to observe and transmit 8 times per day. The mission life time of the GOCI is about 7 years

after In-Orbit Test (IOT).

During the GOCI In-Orbit Test (IOT) campaign, GOCI functional test to verify the operation of HW parts

of GOCI, and GOCI radiometric and electronic test were successfully accomplished. For the moment,

GOCI geometric performance accuracy test was just finished as the last. In parallel, operation test and

verification of GOCI ground processing system equipped in KOSC are on-going without any major

issues. In this presentation, we will show the overall status of GOCI including preliminary results of

GOCI IOT.

I-06 Dynamic marine biogeography from space

Matthew J. Oliver (moliver@udel.edu)

College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, USA

Approximately half of primary production on Earth occurs in marine systems, while the other half

occurs in terrestrial systems. Although their contributions are approximately equivalent, the major

marine primary producers (phytoplankton) turn-over on the time scales of weeks, while the turn-over

times of scales of major terrestrial primary producers can be on decade time-scales. Only consistent

and global satellite observations can capture the full dynamic of marine biogeographic provinces. We

use ocean color and sea-surface temperature to dynamically describe marine biogeographic

provinces.

These provinces reflect well-known physical boundaries in the ocean as well as known climate cycles

and trends. These provinces are also useful as dynamic aggregators of in-situ data and have been

useful in locally tuning remote sensing algorithms. Finally, we have used these provinces are to

develop dynamic fisheries models to help understand the spatial and temporal distribution of

commercially viable species in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. We expect these dynamic provinces to play a

large role in marine-spatial planning and ecosystem management.

I-07 Status of ocean carbon observing from space in China

Delu Pan (pandelu@sio.org.cn)

State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography,

State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou

The advantaged routine ocean observation from space has pushed the satellite application to go

widely in the oceanography study with deepened multi-discipline cooperation. In this talk, firstly,

some progresses in the estimation of particle and dissolved carbon, and the partial pressure of aquatic

CO2 (pCO2) will be present. Due to the highly dynamic and complex water mass interaction in the

marginal sea, especial in the East China Sea, the semi-analytic algorithm of water inherent optical

properties is promising than the traditional empirical algorithm. Characteristic and parameterization

38

of regional inherent optical properties were figured out with the accumulating field measurements.

The absorption and backscattering coefficient of particle and dissolve matter can be retrieved by the

semi-analytic algorithms, and further, the particle and dissolve carbon can be estimated by the

regional geochemical-optical models. Also, the salinity in the plume regions can be mapped through

the good relationship between CDOM and salinity in the ECS which is affected by Changjiang diluted

water. The semi-analytic method can be further applied to the satellite-retrieval of pCO2. Based on the

analysis of factors and processes controlling the changes of pCO2, quantified models were built up to

estimate the specific pCO2 variation caused by the separated factors. By adding up the contributions

of specific pCO2 variation with major controlling factors, the total pCO2 variation can be mapped using

the satellite-derived products. Finally, the satellite programs and application systems development in

China will be introduced with the focus on the carbon observation from space, and some suggestions

will be put forward to the carbon observation and multi-discipline cooperation.

I-08 Monitoring the ocean biogeochemical cycle using satellites, moorings and floats

Toshiro Saino (tsaino@jamstec.go.jp)

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Japan

2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagwa, 237-0061 Japan Satellites data are proved to be useful for

large scale monitoring purpose to observe time-space averaged phenomena. However, if one wants to

apply satellite information to describe processes occurring in a region of interest, the satellite data

need to be validated during the period of the observation. We developed an in situ Primary

Productivity Profiler System (PPPS) which has capability to obtain daily profile of gross primary

productivity in the upper 100-200 meters water column to validate satellite data on primary

productivity. A field monitoring experiment was conducted in Sagami Bay in order to design a

monitoring system of ocean biogeochemistry taking full advantage of the PPPS. Results to be shown

include; a time series primary productivity profile with a daily resolution, reconstruction of nitrate

profile from T, S, Chl a, reconstruction of past sea surface pCO2 from sediment trap samples,

estimation of air-sea gas exchange coefficient from Oxygen-17 anomaly.

We started a new time series observation at two stations in the western Pacific subarctic (K2:

47˚N/160˚E) and subtropical (S1: 30˚N/140˚E) gyres to study responses of ecosystem dynamics and

biogeochemical cycles to Asian monsoon in two contrasting oceanographic conditions. The PPPS is in

operation at S1 site since Nov. 2010. Some initial results will be given in the talk.

I-09 Ocean color remote sensing for the study of oceanic carbon

Zhongping Lee (zplee@ngi.msstate.edu)

Geosystems Research Institute, Mississippi State University, USA

Distribution and variation of carbon in the atmosphere and ocean play important roles in modifying

our climate. For the vast global oceans, at least for the upper layer, remote sensing via ocean color

satellite sensors is the only feasible tool to achieve high spatial and temporal observations. Since the

launch of the Coast Zone Color Scanner (CZCS), it is well demonstrated that photosynthesis by

phytoplankton (measured as primary production) in basin scale, an important process to draw down

atmosphere CO2, can be adequately estimated from satellite measured ocean color radiance; so as to

particulate organic carbon (POC). Historically, ocean color remote sensing (OCRS) has been focused on

the retrieval of chlorophyll concentration, and usually employs empirical color-ratio algorithms.

Because such a practice cannot distinguish other optically active constituents, OCRS is now gradually

shifting to a system centered on the retrieval of inherent optical properties (IOPs) and employs

analytical or semi-analytical algorithms. These recent advancements in ocean optics and OCRS, along

39

with their applications for the estimation of oceanic carbon, are presented.

Key words: ocean color remote sensing, photosynthesis, POC

I-10 Impacts of eutrophication on pH of a large river plume and the respiration-enhanced ocean

acidification in the hypoxic subsurface waters in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Wei-Jun Cai (wcai@uga.edu)

Department of Marine Sciences, the University of Georgia, USA

Ocean acidification caused by fossil-fuel carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake from the atmosphere has

acidified seawater (reducing pH) and threatened to change ocean ecosystems and biogeochemistry. In

coastal oceans, it has been suggested that natural variability and eutrophication, rather than ocean

acidification, may have dictated the CO2 system and the associated pH changes. However, it is also

expected that these two major environmental stressors may interact to have synergistic effects

although the mechanisms and magnitudes of the interactions are unclear. I will present results from

several CO2 research cruises from the Mississippi River plume and northern Gulf of Mexico and try to

make a comparison with those from the Changjiang/East China Sea. I will show that biological

production is the dominant process causing very high pH in the freshwater plume and that ocean

acidification and eutrophication-induced hypoxia have acted in concert to lower the pH of the hypoxic

bottom water greatly on the continental shelf impacted by the nutrient-laden Mississippi River. The

combined effect is greater than the sum of the components, due to a synergism between respiration-

and fossil-fuel-derived CO2, which reduces seawater buffering capacity. The effect leads to carbonate

under-saturation and greater denitrification and thus may have both positive and negative feedbacks

on ocean acidification and coastal hypoxia.

I-11 Deep ocean fixing of carbon during the process of chemosynthesis

George W. Luther (luther@udel.edu)

College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, USA

Both diffuse flow and high temperature hydrothermal vents emit large quantities of reduced sulfur,

largely in the form of hydrogen sulfide. In diffuse flow areas, sulfide is taken up by host macrofauna,

which have microbial endosymbionts. The endosymbionts oxidize hydrogen sulfide with oxygen and

use the chemical energy from this reaction to fix carbon dioxide into biomass and into outer hard part

material to cover the soft biomass. Some macrofauna are tubeworms with polysaccharide based

tubes, and other macrofauna are snails and clams which have calcium carbonate shells that form at

circumneutral pH. Although the shells are thin, the organisms still grow and thrive under deep ocean

conditions. Further study of these deep sea organisms should give insight into how surface dwelling

organisms, which form calcium carbonate shells, can adapt to lower pH waters. A brief discussion on

the physical chemical reasons why it is difficult to reduce carbon dioxide will be given. Comparison of

the chemistry, determined by in situ electrochemical methods, with the ecology of different

hydrothermal diffuse flow areas in the eastern and western Pacific Ocean will follow.

I-12 How do settling velocity and particle exchange affect particle fluxes

Cindy Lee (cindy.lee@sunysb.edu)

School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, USA

Sinking particles are traditionally considered to be the most important vehicle by which the biological

pump sequesters carbon in the ocean interior. Yet the measured flux of these particles is less than

40

oxygen utilization rate below the euphotic zone. Since dissolved organic carbon (OC) contributes only

10–20%, at a global scale, to OC remineralization rates, particle fluxes must be underestimated or

unaccounted sources of OC must exist. Very slowly settling particles may be one such source. Particle

settling velocity is thought to be a key influence on vertical fluxes and OC remineralization, although

little is known about its spatio-temporal variability. Because settling velocities are dependent on

particle size and density, they are affected by plankton community structure. The extent to which

sinking particles disaggregate and exchange with surrounding material also affects the efficiency of

particulate OC export and appears to be affected by plankton community structure. Analyses of

organic biomarkers of sinking and suspended particles from the Mediterranean Sea (Abramson et al.,

2010) showed that these two particle types were very different and remained consistently so with

depth, suggesting that exchange between them was limited. This difference was particularly

pronounced during the high flux periods in spring. During the low-flux summer period, particle

compositions were more similar, possibly indicating greater exchange at these times. In separate

experiments near the Canary Islands using sediment traps that separate particles by settling velocity,

we (Alonso et al., 2010) found in experiments near the Canary Islands that during at least half of the

year, more than 60% of total particulate OC collected was in slowly settling particles (0.7–11 m d−1

).

Analyses of organic biomarkers showed that these slowly settling particles have the same degradation

state, or are even fresher than rapidly sinking particles. Thus, if slowly settling particles dominate the

exportable OC pool, most organic matter would be respired in surface waters, acting as a biological

source of CO2 susceptible to exchange with the atmosphere. In the context of climate change, if the

predicted changes in phytoplankton community structure occur (replacement of diatoms by smaller

phytoplankton cells induced by an increase in ocean stratification and nutrient depletion), slowly

settling particles would be favored, affecting the strength of the biological pump in the ocean.

I-13 The role of ocean mixing in southern ocean iron-fueled phytoplankton blooms: insight from

radium isotopes

Matthew A. Charette (mcharette@whoi.edu)1

and Pieter van Beek2

1Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA

2LEGOS, Toulouse, France

An important feature of coastal margin and island systems in the high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC)

waters of the Southern Ocean is greatly enhanced levels of productivity during the austral summer.

This "island effect" has been hypothesized to be due to iron release from the island and shelf systems

into the surrounding waters, thus allowing primary production to occur in these otherwise barren

HNLC zones. The precise release mechanisms and the magnitude of dispersion and fate of any

released Fe remains unclear. However, in terms of lateral dispersion and vertical mixing of Fe

containing water into the euphotic zone, the use of natural radio-tracers represent a powerful tool to

track these inputs and their transport to adjacent waters.

The large-scale input of radium isotopes along the coastline is akin to a purposeful tracer release, with

the short-lived radium isotopes providing the rate of dispersion based on their decay as they mix away

from the source. To this end we have used radium isotopes to identify the pathways and rates of

supply of iron fueling phytoplankton blooms in three Southern Ocean environments: downstream of

the Antarctic Peninsula and Crozet and Kerguelen Plateau regions. Our studies have generally focused

on evaluating rates of vertical and horizontal Fe input. The vertical source is derived from deep water

Fe mixed to the surface via enhanced mixing due to interaction of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

(ACC) or tidal flows with the shallow bathymetry of the plateaus. Horizontal sources include island

runoff combined with diffusive input from plateau sediments carried by subsurface horizontal

advection into the bloom region.

41

I-14 New, more-easily-understood models of phytoplankton productivity

Robert A. Armstrong (rarmstrong@notes.cc.sunysb.edu)

School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, USA

In modeling marine phytoplankton growth, two distinct but related quantities must be predicted: the

first is photosynthesis per unit chlorophyll, the second is phytoplankton growth rate. The connection

between these two quantities is the chlorophyll:carbon (chl:C) ratio. Most currently-used models of

photosynthesis are not capable of predicting the essential interaction between light and nutrients and

the different temperature dependencies of light reactions and dark reactions, both of which are

essential for predicting chl:C ratios. In contrast, a model structure proposed by Geider et al. (1997,

1998) is capable of representing both the interaction between light and nitrogen and the

temperature-dependence of photosynthesis and, in doing so, has provided a sound basis for an

optimality-based formulation of chl:C ratio (Armstrong, 2006). This model formulation was highly

successful in predicting column productivities in the PPARR3 comparison of photosynthesis models.

However, the Armstrong (2006) model is cumbersome analytically, impeding intuition; it is also

inefficient computationally. I will discuss a further modification to the Geider et al. model that allows

the light/nutrient interaction to assume alternative functional forms, leading to a model that is both

easier to understand and more computationally efficient. The new enhancement also produces

descriptions of the photosynthesis-light interaction that have hitherto not been considered. One of

this new class of models also allows closed-form solutions of photosynthesis over finite depth

intervals, which should make their use in General Circulation Models (GCMs) more computationally

efficient. The new models have been tested against former models using the laboratory data set of

Harrison et al. (1998), and have also been used to predict productivity using the PPARR3 data set.

I-15 Inter-disciplinary modeling of circulation and ecosystem dynamics on the U.S. east coast

continental shelves and estuaries

Dale Haidvogel (dale@imcs.rutgers.edu)

Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, USA

Over the past several years, inter-disciplinary understanding of coastal and estuarine dynamics and

ecosystems has advanced considerably. This progress has been due in large part to the development

and application of novel new modeling technologies. Here we illustrate this progress with examples

drawn from several multi-institutional projects conducted along the U.S. East Coast and within its

adjacent estuaries. Topics include circulation modeling using the Regional Ocean Modeling System

(ROMS), simulation of larval growth and dispersal using coupled individual-based models, and regional

applications of the ROMS Generalized Stability Theory package.

I-16 Modeling impacts of mesoscale eddies on biogeochemical processes in the South China Sea and

Gulf of Alaska

Fei Chai (fchai@maine.edu) 1

, Peng Xiu1, Huijie Xue

1, Lei Shi

1, Yi Chao

2, Francisco Chavez

3, and Richard

Barber4

1 School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, USA

2 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA

3 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, USA

4 Duke Marine Lab, Duke University, USA

42

Numerous mesoscale eddies occur each year in the South China Sea (SCS) and Gulf of Alaska (GoA),

but their statistical characteristics and impact on biogeochemical cycles have never been substantially

investigated. A Pacific basin-wide three-dimensional coupled physical-biogeochemical model has been

developed and the results for the SCS and GoA are used to quantify the eddy activities and the

subsequent biogeochemical responses during the period of 1993-2007. Based on sea level anomaly

(SLA), the Okubo-Weiss method is used to identify eddies and a connectivity algorithm is used to track

eddies in this study. In order to evaluate the model performance, the modeled results are compared

with the satellite derived SLA. On average, there are about 32.9+2.4 eddies in the SCS simulated by

the model and 32.8+3.4 eddies observed with the satellite each year. There are 13.9+3.0 eddies in the

GoA simulated by the model and 13.6+2.7 eddies derived from the satellite SLA. The impacts of

mesoscale eddies to the biogeochemical processes are evaluated with the model results. This study

suggests that mesoscale eddies in the SCS are important sources of nutrients (nitrate and silicate) to

the euphotic zone, which plays a significant role in regulating the biogeochemical cycle in the SCS. The

iron transport from the coast to the Gulf will be estimated with the model results. This study suggests

that mesoscale eddies in the Gulf of Alaska are important sources of iron to the euphotic zone, which

plays a significant role in regulating the biogeochemical cycle in the Gulf of Alaska.

I-17 The marine nitrogen cycle in a changing future ocean

David A. Hutchins (dahutch@usc.edu)

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, USA

Global change processes such as ocean acidification, sea surface warming, and increased stratification

are likely to have large consequences for future marine nitrogen biogeochemistry, and for the

microbes that are responsible for carrying out many critical parts of the ocean’s nitrogen cycle. The

nitrogen cycle may respond strongly to these simultaneous global changes through increases in global

N2 fixation and denitrification, with conceptual and quantitative models projecting increases in both

processes by as much as 50% over next 100 years. In contrast, lower pH could result in potentially

large decreases in ammonium oxidation (nitrification), leading to a possible “bottleneck” in the

nitrogen cycle. Such an unbalanced nitrogen cycle would force the buildup of large amounts of

ammonium in the ocean, thus potentially driving changes in phytoplankton community structure and

strongly favoring regenerated production by the microbial foodweb over nitrate-supported new

production specialists like diatoms. Culture experiments that have examined the effects of increased

CO2 on elemental ratios of phytoplankton suggest that for most cyanobacteria and eukaryotes, at

higher pCO2 C:N and N:P ratios will either remain at Redfield values or increase substantially. Natural

plankton community CO2 manipulation experiments show much more mixed outcomes, with both

increases and decreases in C:N and N:P ratios reported. Although many details still remain to be

understood, it seems certain that the marine nitrogen cycle will undergo dramatic and fundamental

changes over the next century as it responds to the anthropogenically- altered chemistry and physics

of a rapidly changing ocean.

I-18 Novel results of internal solitary waves in the SCS

Jiwei Tian (tianjw@ouc.edu.cn)

Ocean University of China, Qingdao

Three moorings were deployed along the latitude 21°6"N in the deep basin of northern South China

Sea (SCS) from 20th

March to 12nd

August, 2010. These moorings consisted of current and temperature

measurements. 132 internal soliton waves(ISW) were detected during this experiment including 84

type-a waves and 48 type-b waves. Based on the long time observation, some characteristics of the

43

ISW in the SCS were obtained. First, most of the ISWs occurred during the spring tide which are the

days around the 1st and 15th each month according to the Lunar calendar. Second, the ISWs looked

like to appear at the same time at the same place every day indicating the tide generation mechanism.

Third, the mean phase speed of type-a wave was larger than type-b wave in deep water but they were

almost equivalent on the continental shelf.

In addition, we observed the phenomenon that the transformation between type-a waves and type-b

waves for the first time. The transformation seems like take place when the phase of K1 and M2

barotropic tide was same. The period of the transformation was about 13.2 days and 11

transformations were observed during our experiment indicating that this is a common phenomenon

in SCS.

This long time and high temporal resolution observation allows us to analyze the monthly and

seasonal variations of the ISWs. The stronger stratification in summer resulted in a larger phase speed

of ISWs in SCS. Owing to a stronger stratification and shallower mixed layer at the Luzon strait, the ISW

had a larger amplitude in June and July.

I-19 Warm pool and its role in climate change

Dunxin Hu (dxhu@ms.qdio.ac.cn) and Shijian Hu

Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao

The warm pool (WP) is commonly defined as the part of the tropical Indo-Pacific Oceans with SST

higher than 28~29℃, which occupies a large surface area of about 2.5×107km

2 and a volume

approximately 2.0×106km

3 of the upper 80 m. WP supplies the atmosphere with moisture and heat,

releasing latent heat and leading to strong convection and heavy rainfall in excess of 2-3 m per year.

Being the sources of fresh water and heat of the global thermohaline circulation, WP plays an

essential role in global climate system and has been the subject of many studies of oceanographers

and meteorologists, including TOGA-COARE program and the very recently launched NPOCE

(Northwestern Pacific Ocean Circulation and Climate Experiment) program. Previous studies indicate

that WP possesses significant seasonal to inter-decadal variabilities, modulating ENSO (El

Niño-Southern Oscillation) cycle and EAM (East Asian monsoon). In addition, it is also found that WP

acts as a key player in the interaction between ENSO and IOD (Indian Ocean dipole).

In the past several decades, the global ocean has been warming to some extent. The heat content of

the world ocean increased by ~2×1023

Joule between the mid-1950s and mid-1990s, representing a

volume mean warming of 0.06°C. Against the backdrop of global warming, the response of the ocean,

especially of the WP, has become a hot scientific problem to be understood. Recent investigations

reported that with climate shifts in the mid-1940s, mid-1970s, and mid-1990s rapid changes of the

Pacific status took place. It is observed that in the past half a century the western Pacific WP

freshened by 0.34 psu and the amplitude of El Niño events was enhanced. Based on observation

analysis, the amplitude of the heat content variations in either the upper 400 m or 700 m of the WP

area in the western Pacific is increased. In terms of the cause in the process we came to the

conclusion that an oceanic quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) may play essential role and ENSO play the

second role. And what is more, East Asian summer monsoon and hence summer rainfall in China seem

highly correlated to the heat content in the WP area too.

44

I-20 Algal blooms and carbon dynamics in Hong Kong waters

Paul J. Harrison (harrison@ust.hk)1, J. Xu

1 and HB Liu

2

1Division of Environment,

2Division of Life Sciences, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology,

HK

The Pearl River Estuary is a sub-tropical estuary and the second largest in China based on discharge

volume from the Pearl River. Processes in the estuary vary spatially and temporally (wet vs dry season).

In the wet season, the SW monsoon winds push the Pearl River estuarine plume into Hong Kong

waters and hence eutrophication impacts are the result of a combination of nutrient loads from the

Pearl River plus local sewage discharge. Eutrophication is not as severe as one would expect from

these very high nutrient loads since this estuary shows a remarkable capacity to cope with excessive

nutrients. Physical processes such as river discharge, tidal flushing, turbulent dispersion, wind-induced

mixing, estuarine circulation and a shallow water column play important roles in controlling the

production and accumulation of algal blooms and the potential occurrence of hypoxia. Superimposed

on the physical processes of the estuary are the chemical and biological processes involved in the

production of algal blooms. For example, the 100N:1P ratio of estuarine waters indicates that

phosphorus potentially limits the amount of algal biomass (and potential biological oxygen demand) in

summer.

The photic zone is only 2 to 5 m and large algal blooms occur in summer due to thermohaline

stratification. Chl ranges from 5 ug/L in eastern waters and up to >50 ug/L in southern waters in

summer and the algal blooms are composed mainly of fast-growing chain forming diatoms.

Microzooplankton grazing consumes a large part of the phytoplankton (typically about 50%).

Bacteria consume only a small portion of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in Victoria Harbour.

Recent experiments indicated that the small size fraction of the DOC is more bioavailable than the

large size fraction and that viruses appear to play an important role in controlling bacterial production

and contributing to the DOC pool.

I-21 Plankton food-web structure and biogeochemical fluxes in the equatorial Pacific

Michael R. Landry (mlandry@ucsd.edu) and Michael R. Stukel

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, USA

Evidence exists for decadal-scale variations in chlorophyll, primary production and/or zooplankton

biomass in many regions of the oceans. Nonetheless, we generally lack sufficient understanding of

trophic structure and food-web fluxes to evaluate differences within and among systems or to serve as

baselines for documenting and predicting effects of future climate changes. For the eastern equatorial

Pacific, a large and globally significant player in ocean-atmosphere carbon cycling, we illustrate how

the results of experimental process studies have been combined with inverse modeling to examine

some of the details of plankton trophic pathways. The results provide well-constrained estimates that

partition production and fates of major phytoplankton taxa, the roles of micro- and mesozooplankton

in carbon and silica cycling, and the depth distributions of growth and loss processes within the

euphotic zone. Detailed field-based process studies complement the temporally and spatially

expansive observations that can be done remotely, for example by satellites or drifter arrays, and

provide the basic data needed to develop and parameterize models that link long-term ecosystem

responses to trends in physical forcing.

45

II Contributed Talks

CO-01 Air temperature deeply influenced by a typhoon passage in the Korean eastern coast and

inland

Hyo Choi (du8392@hanmail.net)

Gangneung-Wonju National University, Japan

The variations of air temperatures before and after the passage of a typhoon-TY21W (Rusa) were

investigated in the coastal inland and sea using a 3D-Weather Research and Forecasting Model

(WRF)-2.2 with FNL initial meteorological data on August 29 ~ September 2, 2002. On August 29, 2002

with no the influence of the typhoon, maximum air temperatures were 27℃at Gangneung city, the

Korean eastern coast and 34℃ at Wonju city in the 100 km west. Sea surface temperature in

Gangneung coastal sea was 23℃ at 1600 LST, August 29, but 25.5 ℃ on August 28. Since the typhoon

made a landfall in the southwestern part of Korea with a maximum sustained wind speed of 32 m/s at

1530 LST, August 31, precipitation amount at Gangneung city was 870 mm/day with a maximum value

of 100.5 mm/hr at 2100 LST ~ 2200 LST. Maximum air temperatures at 1600 LST, August 31 were 23℃

at Gangneung city and 24℃ at Wonju city, showing the decreases of ‿4℃ and ‿10℃, respectively.

The decreases of air temperatures near the ground surface in the coast and further inland up to 23 ~

24℃ should be significantly affected by extremely severe cold rain shower made by great cloud

clusters of 9km ~ 100m height toward the ground surface of the city, due to a huge amount of water

supply by the typhoon itself and by cooling down and condensation of moistures intruded from the

East Sea of Korea under a strong cyclonic circulation of the typhoon toward the coastal basin and

further the steep mountain top. Simultaneously, as sea surface temperature on August 31 was not

detected by GOES satellite, due to cloud clusters and it was 22℃ on September 1, they could be also

partially attributed to the decrease of sea surface temperature through the advection of relatively

cool moist air masses on the sea surface toward the coast and further inland area of about 150km

area away from the coast.

CO-02 Simulated response of the Pacific subtropical mode water to globe warming and its effect on

climate variability

Qinyu Liu (liuqy@ouc.edu.cn)1, Yiyong Luo

2

1 Physical Oceanography Lab, Ocean University of China, Qingdao

2Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, USA

Based on a set of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4)

models, the solutions between a present-day climate and a future, warmer climate are compared.

Under the warmer climate scenario, the North Pacific subtropical Mode Waters (NPSTMW) are

produced on lighter isopycnal surfaces and are significantly weakened in terms of their formation and

evolution. These changes are due to a more stratified upper ocean and thus a shoaling of the winter

mixing depth resulting mainly from a reduction of the ocean-to-atmosphere heat loss over the

subtropical region. In the opposite, the South Pacific Eastern Subtropical Mode Water (SPESTMW) is

significantly increased in volume. This is because, although the MLD becomes shallower in most parts

of the South Pacific, but it becomes deepen in southeast subtropical Pacific and the increased MLD

horizontal gradients in SPESTMW formation area, a result of intensified southeast trade winds, plays a

major role for increasing SPESTMW under global warming. The weakened NPSTMW will induce STCC

weakens, leaving behind banded structures in SST warming with the characteristic northeast slant as

the response of SST to warm climate. The increased volume of the SPESTMW possibly contributes to a

minimum warming in the thermocline of the western equatorial Pacific under global warming

scenarios.

46

CO-03 Mathematical methods for quantifying the uncertainties in the assessment and detection of

climate changes

Samuel Shen (shen@math.sdsu.edu)

Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, USA

This lecture will describe the mathematical methods of estimating the errors in the optimal

assessment of the past climate change, quantifying the uncertainties in the climate change detection,

and analyzing the main uncertainty sources for climate predictions. Empirical orthogonal functions

are extensively used to deal with spatial inhomogeneity. Temporal non-stationarity and model

nonlinearity will be discussed. Detailed error analyses of the annual mean global and regional

averages of the surface air temperature since 1861 will be presented.

CO-04 Using ocean color data to represent ocean biology-induced climate feedback in the tropical

Pacific: a modulation of El Niño-Southern oscillation

Rong-Hua Zhang (rzhang@essic.umd.edu)

Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC), University of Maryland, USA

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) properties can be modulated by many factors; most previous

studies have focused on physical aspects of the climate system in the tropical Pacific. Ocean

biology-induced feedback (OBF) onto physics and bio-climate coupling have been a subject of much

recent interests, but with strikingly model dependent and even conflicting results. Current satellite

data are able to resolve the space-time structure of oceanic signals both in biology and physics and

thus can be used to quantify their relationship. Here we use the biological signature from satellite

ocean color data to estimate interannual variability of the attenuation depth of solar radiation (Hp), a

field linking ocean biology and physics. Then we apply a singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis

to the Hp and sea surface temperature (SST) data to derive an empirical model for Hp, which allows

for a non-local, SST-dependent, and spatially-temporarily varying representations of Hp variability and

ocean biology-induced heating effects. As a test bed, the effects of ocean biology-induced climate

feedback on interannual variability in the tropical Pacific are examined by incorporating the derived

empirical Hp model into a hybrid coupled ocean-atmosphere model (HCM) of the tropical Pacific. It is

shown that the OBF has significant effects on ENSO amplitude and oscillation periods, which can be

explained in terms of a negative feedback. Applications of the empirical Hp model to other climate

models to represent OBF are discussed.

CO-05 Fertilization potential of volcanic dust in the low nutrient low chlorophyll western north

Pacific subtropical gyre - Satellite evidence and laboratory study

I-I Lin (iilin@as.ntu.edu.tw), Chuanmin Hu, Yuan-Hui Li, Tung-Yuan Ho, Tobias Fischer, Chi-Wei Huang,

Jingfeng Wu, D. Allen Chu, George T. F. Wong, Dong-San Ko, and Jen-Ping Chen

Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei

The fertilization of atmospheric aerosols, which promotes ocean biogeochemical activities in the low

productivity waters of the earth, plays an important role in global iron, nitrogen, and

carbon-biogeochemical cycling. Through the aerosol deposition process, macro and micro nutrients,

such as N, P, and Fe, become available and stimulate ocean biogeochemical responses. For several

decades, research on the aerosol nutrient supply has focused on desert dust. Meanwhile, it has been

suggested that volcanic dust is a much-neglected aerosol source which may also provide nutrients to

stimulate ocean biogeochemical responses. Research on volcanic fertilization is still in its infancy, and

47

very little real world evidence has been obtained. This is especially true for the Low Nutrient Low

Chlorophyll (LNLC) waters, since most current results report on findings over the High Nutrient Low

Chlorophyll (HNLC) waters. In May 2003, the Anatahan volcano in the Northern Mariana Islands

erupted for the first time in recorded history. As it strategically locates in one of the most oligotrophic

LNLC ocean deserts on Earth, i.e., the western North Pacific subtropical gyre, this motivated us to use

satellite remote sensing and laboratory experiment to search for evidence of volcanic fertilization

over the LNLC waters. Our results based on the 2003 Anatahan event suggest that through provision

of Fe and P, volcanic aerosols could indeed make significant contribution to stimulate biogeochemical

activity in the LNLC water.

CO-06 Dynamics of phytoplankton community structure derived from a 3D ecosystem model and

satellite ocean colour algorithm

Taka Hirata (tahi@ees.hokudai.ac.jp)

Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Japan

In order to investigate effects of climate on phytoplankton dynamics, we have developed a satellite

algorithm and a 3D ecosystem model for the global oceans. The satellite algorithm is based on the

diagnostic pigment analysis using high performance liquid chromatography data taken worldwide,

and applied to ocean colour data (SeaWiFS) collected over 10 years. It derives diatoms in addition to

other eight functional types. The model developed is the Marine Ecosystem Model integrating the

Optimum Nutrient Uptake Kinetics (MEM-OU), which replaces Michaelis-Menten Kinetics, and

separates diatoms from other types of phytoplankton. The model is coupled with the ocean global

circulation model, COCO, with 1x1 degree spatial resolution, and is run to hindcast the period of

1998-2007 in phase with monthly satellite data by SeaWiFS. Towards our ultimate goal, the model

and satellite estimates are firstly compared to each other to analyze at which spatial (or temporal)

scales the ecosystem model gives robust result. For this purpose, an intensity-scale comparison

between model and satellite is done by applying the two-dimensional discrete Haar wavelet analysis.

The results are compared with key phytoplankton dynamics derived from the Principal Component

Analysis, and we discuss a model skill in context of climate effects on phytoplankton dynamics.

CO-07 Global declines in surface phytoplankton over the past century

Marlon Lewis (marlon.lewis@dal.ca), Daniel Boyce and Boris Worm

Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Canada

In the oceans, ubiquitous microscopic phototrophs (phytoplankton) account for approximately half

the production of organic matter on Earth. Analyses of satellite-derived phytoplankton concentration

(available since 1979) have suggested decadal-scale fluctuations linked to climate forcing, but the

length of this record is insufficient to resolve longer-term trends. Here we combine available ocean

transparency measurements and in situ chlorophyll observations to estimate the time dependence of

phytoplankton biomass at local, regional and global scales since 1899. We observe declines in eight

out of ten ocean regions, and estimate a global rate of decline of 1% of the global median per year.

Our analyses further reveal interannual to decadal phytoplankton fluctuations superimposed on

long-term trends. These fluctuations are strongly correlated with basin-scale climate indices, whereas

long-term declining trends are related to increasing sea surface temperatures. The use of multiple

data sources in the evaluation of climate-scale trends is discussed, with a particular emphasis on the

need for rigorous calibration and validation of climate data sets.

48

CO-08 Dynamics and biological consumptions of nutrients and inorganic carbon in the northern

South China Sea under the influence of both river plumes and coastal upwelling

Minhan Dai (mdai@xmu.edu.cn)1, Aiqing Han

1, Zhimian Cao

1, and Jianping Gan

2

1State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

2Division of Environment and Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and

Technology, HK

River plumes, typical of large freshwater discharges, may extend into the adjacent continental shelf

hundreds of kilometers away from the estuarine mouth and become critical areas of land-ocean

interaction. Both the high nutrient discharge within the river plume and the low turbidity of its lower

reach are favorable for phytoplankton growth and result in enhanced biological activity. River plumes

are, thus, frequently sites of phytoplankton blooms in coastal seas. On the other hand, coastal

upwelling, resulting from prevailing upwelling-favorable winds and shelf topography and

characteristic of many shelf systems brings CO2-rich and high nutrient deep waters to the surface that

may potentially stimulate the biological productivity and lowers the surface water CO2 content.

Adding in more complexity is the interaction between the plume and upwelling, in that the

wind-driven upwelling circulation can be further altered by the buoyancy from the river plume,

whereas the plume itself is also shaped by the circulation over the shelf. Such plume-upwelling

interaction governs nearshore circulation in a number of coastal seas, adding difficulties in elucidating

biogeochemical processes therein. This presentation will examine the dynamics of both nutrients and

the carbonate system in the northern South China Sea, a unique coastal system under the

co-influence of river plumes and coastal upwelling in summer. Based primarily on the examination of

field data, we examine on how significant the river plume and the coastal upwelling may shape the

dynamics of nutrients, dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity. Using a three-end member

mixing model, we are also to examine in a semi-quantitative way the relative importance between

physical mixing and biological metabolism in modulating the carbonate system and nutrients, thereby

demonstrating a practical approach to distinguish different physical and biogeochemical processes in

the river dominated margin systems with complex mixing schemes. This talk will also highlight the

contrasts in terms of nutrient consumption rates between the plumes and upwelling regions.

CO-09 Modeling Kuroshio-Seas exchange and its implication in biogeochemical transport in China

Sea

Jianping Gan (magan@ust.hk)

Marine and Coastal Environment Program, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, HK

East China Sea (ECS) and South China Sea (SCS) are linked together by Taiwan Strait to form China Sea

(CS). Characterized by shelf sea in the ECS and semi-enclosed marginal sea in the SCS, and separated

from the Pacific Ocean by respective shelf break and Luzon Strait, the circulation in the CS is mainly

driven by the south-east Asia monsoonal winds but largely modulated by its exchanges with the

western Pacific Ocean through the variation of western boundary current, Kuroshio. The intrusion of

Kuroshio not only provides momentum that alters the intrinsic circulation in ECS shelf and SCS basin,

but also imports the chemical constituents from western Pacific that changes biogeochemical

properties in CS waters. Combined the results obtained from a newly developed three dimension,

high resolution CS circulation model with our recent inter-disciplinary field measurements, we

investigate time-dependent, three dimensional variability and dynamics of water exchanges between

Kuroshio and CS along the continental margin in the ECS and across the Luzon Strait in the SCS, as well

as their biogeochemical implications in CS. Subsequently, the relative importance of Kuroshio

intrusion and intrinsic circulation arising from monsoon forced flow-topography interaction on

49

physical-biogeochemical properties in CS are discussed.

CO-10 Effects of ocean acidification on calcifying algae, diatom and phytoplankton assemblages,

with special references to interactive impacts with UV

Kunshan Gao (ksgao@xmu.edu.cn), G. Gao, Z. Ruan, YP Wu, K. Xu, GY Yang, G. Li, W. Li, P. Jin, YH Li,

SW Chen, XJ Wu, Y. Zheng

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Calcifying algae:

Previous studies showed that increased CO2 concentration and associated seawater acidification

decrease calcification in some macroalgal (Gao et al. 1993) and planktonic (e.g., Riebessel et al. 2000)

calcifiers. However, little is known on how calcifying algae respond to solar UV radiation (UVR,

280–400 nm). UVR may act synergistically, antagonistically or independently with ocean acidification

to affect their calcification processes. Recently, we showed (Gao et al. 2009) that when the

coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi calcified less under lowered pH levels (pHNBS of 7.9 and 7.6; pCO2 of

804 and 1759 ppmv) (leading to thinned coccolith layers), the cells became more sensitive to UVR.

Exposure to UVR resulted significant inhibition of both photosynthesis and calcification. The combined

effects of UVR and seawater acidification resulted in inhibition of calcification rates by 96% and 99%

and that of photosynthesis by 6% and 15%, at pH 7.9 and 7.6, respectively. This differential inhibition

of calcification (C) and photosynthesis (P) leads to significant reduction of the C/P ratio. Seawater

acidification enhances the transmission of harmful UVR by about 26% through a reduction of the

coccolith layer by 32%. Our data indicate that the impact of a high CO2/low pH ocean on E. huxleyi

enhances the detrimental effects of UVR on the major phytoplanktonic calcifier.

We also showed (Gao and Zheng 2010) that, the articulated coralline alga Corallina sessilis

Yendo grown at elevated CO2 (1000 ppmv) for more than a month under solar radiation calcified less

and even lesser in the presence of UVR. PAR+UVR, in contrast to PAR alone treatment, inhibited the

growth, photosynthetic O2 evolution and calcification rates by13%, 6% and 3% at the low (380 ppmv)

and by 47%, 20% and 8% at the high CO2 concentrations, respectively, reflecting a synergistic effect of

CO2 enrichment with UVR. UVR induced significant decline of pH in the CO2-enriched cultures due to

its harmful impact on the photosynthetic carbon removal. The contents of key photosynthetic

pigments, Chl.a and phycobiliproteins decreased, while UV-absorbing compounds and carotenoids

increased under the high pCO2/low pH condition. Nevertheless, UV-induced inhibition on

photosynthesis increased when the ratio of PIC/POC decreased under the high CO2-acidified seawater,

reflecting a UV-protective role played by the calcified layer. Both UVA and UVB negatively impacted

the photosynthesis and calcification, however, the inhibition caused by UVB was about 250–260%

higher than that by UVA. The results imply that coralline algae may suffer from more damages caused

by UVB when they calcify less and less with progressing ocean acidification.

Diatoms

The ongoing OA due to increased CO2 is likely to have an impact on non-calcifying phytoplankton via

its effects on inorganic carbon speciation and consequent down regulation of CO2 concentrating

mechanisms (CCMs), and on the overall energetics of the cell through its impact on electrochemical

potentials.

We showed (Wu et al. 2010) that, in Phaeodactylum tricornutum (CCMA 106), after acclimation (>20

generations) to ambient (LC, 390ppmv) and elevated CO2 (HC, 1000 ppmv) conditions (with

corresponding pH values of 8.15 and 7.80, respectively), growth and photosynthetic carbon fixation

rates of the HC-grown cells were enhanced by 5% and 12%, respectively, and dark respiration

stimulated by 34% compared to the LC-grown cells. The half saturation constant (Km) for carbon

50

fixation (dissolved inorganic carbon, DIC) increased by 20% under the low pH and high CO2 condition,

reflecting a decreased affinity for HCO3- or/and CO2 and down-regulated carbon concentrating

mechanism (CCM). When grown under N-limited conditions, its growth rate decreased by 38% and 30%

in HC and LC condition, respectively; at the same time, organic carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N)

increased by 53% and 21% in the HC and LC-grown cells, respectively, with the C/N ratio increased

from 5.7 to 6.9. In Cylindrotheca closterium f. minutissima, the CCM was also down-regulated, but

growth was not stimulated at the elevated CO2 (Gao et al. in preparation). In Thalassiosira

pseudonana (CCMP1335) grown at 1000 ppmv CO2, the activity of both extracellular and

intracellular carbonic anhydrace (CA) was decreased by about 50% with decreased growth rate by

about 4% (significant) (Wu 2010, doctoral thesis); and its CCM was also down-regulated. In the

HC-grown diatom cells, the electron transport rate from photosystem II (PSII) was photoinhibited to a

greater extent at high levels of PAR, and it took longer time for them to acclimate to solar radiation in

the presence or in the absence of UVR.

Phytoplankton Assemblages (based on data from the grow outs during 3 cruises) CO2 perturbation

experiments during the cruises (summer and winter, 2009-2010), using a CO2 enrichlor (Ruihua,

Wuhan) and 30 L water-jacketed tanks, showed that, short-term (12 h) CO2 enrichment enhanced by

9-50% (different stations) the daily photosynthetic carbon fixation by the surface phytoplankton

assemblages in the Southern and Eastern China Seas; however, long-term (>7 days) grow-out

experiments led to decreased daily photosynthetic carbon fixation by up to 21%. Solar UV radiation

reduced the daily photosynthetic carbon fixation by 11-18%. On the other hand, the production of

particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) decreased under the high CO2 level in both the short and long term

grow-out experiments, the CO2-induced acidification reduced the daily PIC production by 43-74%

(different stations). Phytoplankton dominant species shifted from cyanobacteria to diatoms.

CO-11 Evaluation on empirical approaches to estimate seawater pCO2 from space

Shaoling Shang (slshang@xmu.edu.cn), Gong Lin, Guomei Wei, Weidong Zhai, Minhan Dai

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Empirical approaches for the large scale estimation of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in the

seawater are typically based on satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (Chl)

concentration. However, using phytoplankton absorption (Aph), instead of Chl, as a superior metric of

phytoplankton pigmentation is becoming increasingly accepted, especially from the remote sensing

point of view. Here by using an in situ dataset collected in the South China Sea, we test how empirical

approaches perform in this water, with and without introducing of Chl and Aph.

CO-12 Marine phytoplankton response to typhoon

Danling Tang (lingzistdl@126.com)

South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou

Typhoon’s activities have been strengthening in both intensity and spatial coverage in the past several

decades along with climate Change. The Pacific Ocean also experienced obvious increases in the

number and proportion of super-hurricanes with increasing SST over the past 35 years. However, our

knowledge about the impact of typhoons upon the marine ecosystem is very scarce. The present

paper studies the impact of typhoon on marine phytoplankton and variability of sea surface

temperature (SST) related with typhoon, base on satellite remote sensing and in situ observations;

this paper also introduces research projects on loss evaluation and typhoon disaster management.

51

CO-13 Microbial Carbon Pump and its effects in carbon sequestration in the ocean

Nianzhi Jiao (jiao@xmu.edu.cn)

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

The known biological mechanism for carbon sequestration in the ocean is the biological pump which

is based on particulate organic carbon sinking process. In contrast, the newly proposed “Microbial

Carbon Pump (MCP)” is based on microbial generation of recalcitrant organic matter (RDOM) which

can stay in the water column for thousands of years, constituting carbon sequestration in the ocean.

Three pathways for RDOM generation are involved in the MCP: Direct production of RDOM from

microbial cells; Derived production of RDOM from particulate organic matter; Residual RDOM after

microbial modification of the bulk DOM. It has been estimated that about 25% of the ocean RDOM is

of bacterial origin, which belongs to the direct pathway of the MCP. The rest two pathways are also

thought to contribute significantly to the MCP production of RDOC. Interactions between the

biological pump and the MCP as well as influences of environmental factors on the efficiency of the

MCP will be illustrated. In addition, impacts of the MCP on climate changes will also be discussed.

52

III Poster Presentations

PA01 Location of sea surface temperature cooling induced by typhoon in the South China Sea

Xiaoxia Yang, Danling Tang (Lingzistdl@126.com)*

Research Center for Remote Sensing of Marine Ecology & Environment, Key Laboratory of Environment

Dynamics, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou

Typhoons can induce cooling wakes at the ocean surface, causing low sea surface temperature (SST)

along their tracks. In this study, multi-satellite data are used to investigate the location of the cooling

wake induced by 92 typhoons passing through the South China Sea (SCS) from 1998 to 2009. Analysis

of the sequential merged microwave SST data revealed that, 64 typhoons (69.6%) induced SST cooling

of more than 2℃, 43 typhoons (46.7%) generated SST cooling on the right-hand side of the track, 8

typhoons (8.7%) induced SST cooling on the left-hand side of their tracks, and 13 typhoons (14.1%)

induced cooling wakes behind their tracks. Cooling wakes induced by typhoons mainly located within

100km along the side of typhoon tracks. It is showed that cold core eddies, particularly strong cold

eddies, existed in the pre-typhoon oceanic environment, may play a significant role in setting the

strength and location of SST cooling induced by typhoons.

Key words: cooling wake of typhoon; sea surface temperature; cold eddy; South China Sea

PA02 Modeling study of oceanic responses to tropical cyclone wind forcing in the tropical Pacific

Yuhua Pei (yuhua.pei@sio.org.cn)

State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography,

State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou

The active role of tropical cyclone (TC) induced mixing may play in the climate system has been of an

increased interest recently. However, this contribution has not been adequately represented in most

ocean and coupled ocean-atmosphere modeling studies. In this preliminary work, we use an ocean

general circulation model (OGCM) to examine detailed physical processes that modulate the upper

ocean thermocline structure. The TC wind field is first isolated by a locally weighted regression (call as

LOESS) method using 6-hour satellite wind data from the Cross-Calibrated, Multi-Platform (CCMP)

satellite scatterometer product. Then, the extracted TC wind forcing are incorporated into the OGCM

to take into account the related effects; the total wind forcing to the ocean is explicitly separated into

its climatoligical part and TC part: τ=τclim+τTC. Various numerical experiments with or without TC part

are conducted to quantify the extent to which this forcing can modulate the upper ocean thermocline

structure in the tropical Pacific. Comparisons with Argo data, it is found that TC wind forcing can have

significant local effects on upper ocean thermal structure, acting to cool the sea surface and deepen

the mixed layer. The mixing is the principal cause of the subsurface warming, and the other detailed

physical processes are discussed.

PA03 Interactions between atmosphere, ecosystem and marine environment in Nigeria

Tairu Salami (adesat2002@yahoo.com)

Data Management and Dissemination Team, Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Nigeria

Over the past decades we have witnessed extra-ordinary natural and anthropogenic ally-driven

changes in Ocean Biogeochemical composition. Most of atmospheric and oceanic climatic variability

have been related to interaction between Ecosystem, Atmosphere and Marine environment. Between

2004-2006 we studied the Interconnection and Teleconnection between ecosystem atmosphere and

marine environment. We noted that critical input of nutrients by Riverine and increase in Green

53

house gases caused significant changes in Biogeochemical properties of ocean around Lagos area of

Nigeria. In turn, the feedback to local communities has resulted in changes in their economies and

diets. More practical issues will be presented.

PA04 Interrelation of certain astrometric parameters of movement of the orbit of the earth and the

periods of sharp change of climatic, hydrographic and tectonic processes in the earth

Andrey Kharitonov (ahariton@izmiran.ru)

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation of Russian

Academy of Science (IZMIRAN), Russia

The analysis of available representations about the role of galactic factors in global changes of the

climat, environment and biosphere of the Earth is carried out in the paper. The Pechersky

paleomagnetic inversions time scale to 550 million years, the experimental data about change of level

of waters of the World Ocean for the last of 180 million years, the paleotectonic data for 4.6 billion

years has been used as the initial data. The data was analyzed by a spectral method of the maximum

entropy. As a result of the mathematical analysis four basic periodicity corresponding 185±35, 25±10,

3±1 million of years, shown in various geophysical processes are allocated. By results of the analysis of

the allocated periodicity in the various geobiophysical data the possible model of geophysical changes

which are connected with periodic influences of Space factors to the Earth (change of the value of the

galactic magnetic field, change of concentration of the ionized hydrogen, galactic space rays) at

movement of the Earth on the Galactic orbit, in the course of its evolutionary development has been

formulated and discussed.

PA05 Spatial patterns of trends in sea surface temperature analysis from in situ data at east mole,

lagos and global warming

Okuku Ediang (ediang2000@yahoo.com)

Marine Division, World Meteorological Organization, Nigeria

Marine weather observers have since 1988 been making sea surface temperature observations at East

mole station, about 2 kilometers from the Coast. The station uses the rubber sea temperature bucket

thermometer and makes observations on hourly basis, sea surface temperature has influence on

Lagos coastal weather and it is important especially for coastal fishermen, offshore oil and gas

industries, shipping vessels, coastal recreational and port handling facilities. Some evidences of global

warming in Nigeria have been observed using sea surface temperature (SST) for the period of

1989-2008 which statistically analyzed, results shows that the Nigerian coastal waters is warmest in

April and Coldest in August. The period 1989-2008 mean yearly data of sea surface temperature (SS1)

show some of the teleconnections with global warming. The attempt in this paper is however to

highlight the features of sea surface temperature over the Lagos coastal waters. Indicating the global

warming is evident in the environment of Nigeria Coastal line.

PA06 Ocean-acidification related observations from remote sensing

Qingyang Sun 1, 2

, Danling Tang (Lingzistdl@126.com)*1,2

1 Research Center of Remote Sensing of Marine Ecology & Environment, Laboratory of Tropical Marine

Environmental Dynamics, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

Guangzhou, China

2Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai

54

Ocean acidification, a consequence of ocean absorbing a third of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2)

emitted into the atmosphere, is poised to affect biogeochemical cycles and seawater chemical system.

Traditional research means such as field and in situ sampling are precise and reliable but inherently

limited in spatial and temporal resolution. This paper discussed an indirect method of observing ocean

acidification using a range of remotely sensed products including air-sea CO2 fluxes, total alkalinity,

suspended calcite (also known as particulate inorganic carbon), particulate organic carbon, and

calcification rates. An Experimental Ocean Acidification Product Suite system is introduced to be a first

attempt. Precision of satellite products and feasibility of the method are discussed, and some

periscopical issues which need future developments are presented at last. Remote sensing,

considering its great advantages and successful applications on climate change, will be an important

tool in future ocean acidification observation.

Key words: Ocean acidification, satellite remote sensing, carbon dioxide, ocean carbon cycle

PA07 A comparison of upwelling indices in the Benguela upwelling system

Zhaoyun Chen (chenzhaoyun@xmu.edu.cn)1,2

, Xiao-Hai Yan2,1

, Young-Heon Jo2, Lide Jiang

3, Yuwu

Jiang1

1State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

2Center for Remote Sensing, College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware, USA

3NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, NOAA Science Center, USA

Comparisons of upwelling indices between UISST

and UIW

, defined as sea surface temperature (SST)

difference multiplies upwelling area, and offshore Ekman transport respectively, are conducted to

study the spatial and temporal variations of the Benguela Upwelling System (BUS). The comparisons

present the advantages and disadvantages of using UISST

and UIW

to scale the upwelling intensity using

the chlorophyll-a concentration as a referential upwelling enhanced relative biomass proxy. The

causes for the discrepancies of UISST

, UIW

and Chl-a in the BUS area are also discussed. Furthermore,

we estimate the contribution from the wind effects to the total upwelling intensity in Hondeklip and

Cape Columbine based on the results.

PA08 A parameterization of coastal upwelling involving shelf slope conditions

Zhaoyun Chen (chenzhaoyun@xmu.edu.cn)1,2

, Xiao-Hai Yan2,1

, Young-Heon Jo2, Lide Jiang

3, Yuwu

Jiang1

1State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

2Center for Remote Sensing, College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware, USA

3NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, NOAA Science Center, USA

Coastal upwelling is closely related to the Ekman transport off many coasts, and different wind

stresses and directions can lead to distinct upwelling intensities. The slope of the continental shelf

also plays an important role in Ekman transport which should be reflected in the upwelling intensity.

Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) model is used to simulate idealized coastal upwelling to

derive the probable relationship of upwelling intensity associated with wind stress and shelf slope. In

order to verify the model results, the upwelling systems in Canary off northwestern Africa, California

off western North America, Benguela off southwestern Africa and New Jersey coast off eastern North

America are analyzed to derived the relationship between upwelling intensity and the slope of the

continental shelf, using sea surface temperature (SST) from Moderate Resolution Imaging

Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and wind stress from NASA’s Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT). Upwelling

55

regions with scope of 2° along the latitude off each coast are conducted to analyze the variation of

upwelling intensity. The upwelling areas with lower sea surface temperature are automatically

separated from the ambient seawater using Fuzzy c-Means Clustering method, and make it possible to

quantify the magnitude of upwelling intensity from sea surface temperature (SST) images. Our

primary purpose for this study is to find the effect of shelf slope on the coastal upwelling intensity.

PA09 Estimating subsurface temperature anomaly using a self-organizing neural network

Xiangbai Wu (xbwu@udel.edu)1,2,3

, Xiao-Hai Yan2,1

, Young-Heon Jo2

1 State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

2 Center for Remote Sensing, College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware, USA

3 College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Non-linear self-organizing mapping (SOM) neural network are widely used for feature cluster,

parameter estimations in climate, ocean and environmental sciences, and it’s generally recognized as

a ’black-box’ type of model and suited for empirical relationship in geosciences study especially for

which physical mechanisms not well understood. Ocean subsurface temperature anomaly (STA) is

important parameters that controlled by many dynamical processes.

Preliminary results are presented here to report an attempt to estimate ocean STA using SOM neural

network trained from the sea surface signal (Argo and GODAS SSTA, SSHA, SSSA). The results indicate

that SOM neural network can be used for ocean subsurface temperature estimation using sea surface

data, though it trends to somehow underestimate STA. STA features in high latitude area are more

likely preserved than low latitude area, which means with strict error analysis this method may be

useful in monitor high latitude subsurface processes such as deep water formation. Neural network

trained from basin scale works better than that from global scale for local STA estimation. Based on

SOM neural network, remote sensing sea surface data can be applied to estimate STA.

Keywords: Subsurface temperature anomaly, self-organizing mapping, neural network

PA10 The role of poleward energy transport in Arctic temperature evolution

Xiao-Yi Yang, John C. Fyfe, and Gregory M. Flato

The observed evolution of Arctic troposphere temperature is the combined effect of many processes

including the poleward transport of atmospheric energy. In this study we quantify the relationship

between poleward energy transport and decadal temperature variations in the Arctic

free-troposphere. Time series of Arctic free-troposphere mean temperature show a decade of

maximal cooling centered in the late eighties, followed by a decade of pronounced warming centered

in the late nineties. We show that about 25% of the decadal cooling trend can be ascribed to

decreasing poleward energy transport into the Arctic, and about 50% of the decadal warming trend

was due to increasing poleward energy transport. These changes were reflected throughout the

free-troposphere, were associated with changing intensity of the polar meridional circulation cell, and

were dominant in the autumn and winter seasons. By contrast, the last decade has been fairly neutral

in terms of temperature and energy transport change.

PA11 Mid-Holocene variability of the East Asian monsoon based on bulk organic δ13

C and C/N

records from the Pearl River estuary, southern China

Fengling Yu1,2*

(fengling.yu@ntu.edu.sg), Yongqiang Zong3, Jeremy M. Lloyd

1, Melanie J. Leng

4, Adam D.

Switzer2, Wyss W.-S. Yim

3,5, Guangqing Huang

6

56

1 Department of Geography, University of Durham, UK

2 Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

3 Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, HK

4 NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, UK

5 School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Science Park, HK

6 Guangzhou Institute of Geography, 100 Xian Lie Road, Guangzhou

Understanding the mid-Holocene dynamics of the East Asian monsoon (EAM) is integral to modelling

the Holocene development of the global climate system. Thus the mid-Holocene EAM history was

reconstructed using bulk organic carbon isotopes (δ13

C), total carbon to total nitrogen (C/N) ratios and

total organic carbon (TOC) from a sediment core (UV1), at a mean resolution of 10 years, from the

Pearl River estuary, southern China. Sedimentary δ13

C, C/N and TOC are potentially good indicators of

changes in monsoonal precipitation strength, eg sediments buried during a period of high

precipitation exhibit a high proportion of terrigenous sediments, and have low δ13

C and high C/N, and

vice versa during a period of low precipitation. Results suggest a general decreasing trend in

monsoonal precipitation from 6650-2215 cal yr BP due to the weakening insolation over northern

hemisphere most likely related to the current precession circle. Superimposed on this trend are

apparent dry-wet oscillations at centennial to millennial timescales most likely in response to solar

activity. Mismatches between δ13

C and results from the Dongge Cave in southern China at

millennial-timescale oscillations may indicate that the δ13

C from the Pearl River estuary reveals

changes in precipitation over a broader area than the δ18

O from Dongge Cave.

Key words: East Asian monsoon history, Holocene, solar forcing, bulk organic δ13

C, C/N, Pearl River

estuary, China

PB01 Reconstruction of chlorophyll-a concentration in East-China-Sea using data interpolating

empirical orthogonal functions

Hailun He (hehailun@sio.org.cn)

State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography,

State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou

We use the Data INterpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions (DINEOF) technique to reconstructs the

chlorophyll-a concentration from the three-level product of the MODIS-Aqua satellite. The monthly

mean chlorophyll-a concentration in the East-China-Sea from 2003 to 2009 is obtained. The results

show climatology chlorophyll-a concentration of the reconstructed data has mainly dependence on

the water depth. Seasonal mean of the chlorophyll-a concentration reveal that in the winter, the

relative high chlorophyll-a in the total marginal sea of East-China-Sea is observed, this is because the

wind stirring and ocean convection bring the nutrient in the deeper ocean to the upper ocean, and

promote the biological growth; later in the spring, the high chlorophyll-a concentration is observed

because the biological growth is more activated due to the SST increase; next in the summer, the near

surface nutrient supply is no longer abundant, the chlorophyll-a in the marginal sea of East-China-Sea

decrease, but the area near the Changjiang (Yangtze River) show extreme large value because the

runoff carries a lot of nutrient; at last, the autumn acts as a intermediate season between the summer

and winter. Finally, we analysis the Empirical Orthogonal Functions of the chlorophyll-a anomaly.

PB02 Estimate of CO2 flux in the East China Sea using temperature, salinity and phosphate

concentration

Yi Li (fishallen@gmail.com)

State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography,

57

State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou

Based on the equation derived by Tsunogai et al.(1999), we estimate the air-sea CO2 flux in the East

China Sea using temperature, salinity, phosphate concentration and wind speed. The results match

well with direct measurements: the estuary zone absorbs CO2 from atmosphere in spring, summer

and winter while the Kuroshio water is a source all year round. In addition, the correlation between

the flux and related parameters show that wind speed dominates the flux pattern in winter.

PB03 Observing the variations of atmospheric CO2 concentration from long time series oceanic

sunglint radiant ratio

Jiawei Chen (flying_howe@126.com)

College of Oceanography and Environmental science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

CO2 is a low-concentration, but important component of the Earth’s atmosphere. This gas ignores

solar shortwave radiation, but absorbs electromagnetic radiation in infrared spectrum from the

earth’s surface, and adds heat to the atmosphere. Consequently, CO2 plays an important role in

climate and climate change. Since the Industrial Revolution, CO2 concentration increases from

280ppmv to 380ppmv due to human activities. This CO2 increase has a significant effect on global

climate, ecology and economy. In recent years, scientists have paid more attention to this important

topic. 0.63-μm is located in visible region with high radiant transmissivity. 3.74-μm is a CO2 absorption

band, whose transmissivity is less affected by water vapor in the atmosphere than other CO2

absorption regions in thermal infrared spectrum. This study selects the two bands to structure a

two-dimensional scatter plot. In this plot, the upper bound of sunglint scatter signal is considered as

the purist atmosphere. Compared to the simulative distribution line of sunglint blackbody radiation,

the upper bound slope is less than the theoretical due to the absorption effect of atmospheric CO2,

and this radiant ratio is hypothesized as the indicator of the CO2 concentration. This research selects

South China Sea to be the study area, and measures monthly average K (the reciprocal of the radiant

ratio) of the selective sunglint images. Meanwhile, 1.607-μm is selected to plot instead of 3.74-μm as

a result of its maximum sensitivity to CO2 near surface. Whether from interannual or season

perspective, both the 1.607-μm/0.63-μm and 3.74-μm/0.63-μm K curve are correlate well with the

in-situ CO2 data from Yonagunijima Station (http://gaw.kishou.go.jp/wdcgg/). Besides, from March to

May in each year, the effects of the monsoon conversion and the subtropical high’s moving lead to

the water vapor variations, therefore, both the 1.607-μm/0.63-μm and 3.74-μm/0.63-μm K curve

appear an unusual valley during this period. In general, Qualitative observing the variations of

atmospheric CO2 concentration from the method of the sunglint radiant ratio is feasible. This study is

of great significance for the remote sensing observations of atmospheric CO2, however, removing the

effect of water vapor is necessary when quantitative analysis.

PB04 Potential of MODIS 500m bands for estimating chlorophyll a concentration in northern South

China Sea: a new algorithm

Gang Pan (gpan@scsio.ac.cn)

South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ocean color products have been used by

scientists worldwide to study and understand global and regional ocean variability and changes.

Standard MODIS ocean color algorithm (OC3M) utilize 1 km resolution bands 9 (443nm), 10 (488nm),

and 12 (547nm) to produce chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a) products. The spatial resolution

reduced their effectiveness for monitoring the marine environment. Furthermore, the DN (digital

number) of some daily Chl-a images were -1, but the nature color images have good quick-look, which

58

maybe due to these emission bands with bad radiance value. Fortunately, in MODIS reflectance bands,

two of the 500m bands (bands 3, 4) and one 250m band (band 1) have center wavelengths in the

visible spectrum, making it possible to use them for ocean color analyses, while the increased spatial

resolution of these bands suggests their application to marine environment studies. Based on

blue-green band ratio and normalized index, a new Chl-a algorithm was developed using 500m bands

of MODIS data. The approach has been tested for and applied to the north part of South China Sea.

Many in situ data, which collected from 3 open cruises (August-September in 2007-2009, respectively),

were also used to validate the algorithm. Very significant spatial variability of Chl-a in South China Sea

is observed.

PB05 Estimation on air-sea carbon flux in the polar ocean based on remote sensing data

Suqing Xu (xusuqing@263.net), Liqi Chen, Qiang Sun, Haiying Chen, Hong Ling, Changgui Lu, Heng Sun

Key Lab of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography,

Xiamen

Based on the underway measurements obtained from CHINARE in arctic for many cruises, the

empirical relationships between pCO2 in surfer sea water and relative controlling factors were

deduced and then was applied to produce the pCO2 field data by relative remote sensing data. The

atmospheric CO2 data was produced by infrared microwave arithmetic and revised by the vertical CO2

profile obtained by captive balloon in polar region. The yearly air-sea carbon flux distribution was

then estimated combining other remote sensing data including sea surfer temperature, chlorophyll,

wind speed, sea ice and the uptake of atmospheric CO2 was calculated as well. Key words: arctic,

remote sensing, captive balloon, air-sea carbon flux.

PB06 Spacebased carbon dioxide fugacity in sea

W. Timothy Liu (w.t.liu@jpl.nasa.gov) and Xiaosu Xie

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, NASA, USA

The alarmingly rapid increase of global atmospheric carbon dioxide content has been well

documented but the distributions of surface sources and sinks have not been sufficiently known.

Ocean-atmosphere exchange in carbon dioxide depends on the difference in fugacity (partial pressure)

of carbon dioxide between sea and air, and a transfer velocity. Transfer velocity is largely

parameterized in terms of surface wind stress. Fugacity in air is believed to change much less than in

sea. Fugacity in sea fCO2sea is measured largely on ships; they are not sufficient to characterize spatial

and temporal variability. The fCO2sea has been related to sea surface temperature and ocean color

(productivity) in the past using cruise data, but these two parameters are not sufficient to account for

the variability. The fCO2sea is also known to be dependent on surface salinity, but salinity

measurement is also very sparse. Ocean dynamics is also a significant factor. We are adding dynamic

topography (sea level change measured by radar altimeter) and surface salinity (from SMOS and

Aquarius), to retrieve fCO2sea. The correlation coefficients between climatological annual cycle of

fCO2sea and the four oceanic parameters change from positive to negative over various regions and

seasons. A single universal linear or polynomial regression, as derived in previous studies, would not

work over global ocean across all seasons. Using more than one regression would create adverse

boundary discontinuity problem. Using one of the most advanced statistical techniques, the support

vector regression, with location and time (season) as input parameters, we have developed an

universal model for continuous and global coverage. We are producing weekly maps of fCO2sea over

global ocean and are evaluating the accuracy, and are now exploring proper remedies of the

deficiency.

59

PC02 Carbonate chemistry in the western South China Sea under the influence of mesoscale

cyclonic eddy and Mekong River plume

Xianghui Guo (xhguo@gate.sinica.edu.tw)

Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei

Distributions of carbonate system parameters were surveyed in the western South China Sea (SCS)

influenced by a cyclonic eddy and the Mekong River plume in September of 2007. The eddy was

centered at 111˚E, 12.5˚N with diameter > 160 km. DIC and TAlk were 100-150 and 60-80 mmol kg-1

higher and pH was 0.1-0.2 lower in the eddy than the ambient waters outside the eddy at 25-100 m.

In vertical direction, the eddy was evident from surface till 300 m and the isopleths were uplift by ~ 80

m. Outside the eddy, the Mekong River plume characterized by low salinity (S<33.3), low DIC (<1900

mmol kg-1

) and low TAlk (<2200 mmol kg-1

) covered the upper 50-70 m, while it was not observed or

compressed to the upper 5-10 m in the eddy. There were two mixing processes in the upper 100 m of

the western SCS, one of which was the mixing between the Mekong River water and the SCS surface

water. The other was mixing between the SCS surface water and the SCS salinity-maximum water. The

extrapolated riverine DIC and TAlk from the conservative mixing lines in the plume were 856 and 873

mmol kg-1

respectively, which were comparable to the measurements. Compared with the northern

SCS, the western SCS had less influence by the west Philippine Sea water. With a simple box model

and TAlk budget, the estimated ratio of Mekong River water in the upper 100 m was 0.4% in the eddy

and 0.8% outside the eddy. The water was dominated by the SCS salinity-maximum water in the eddy

and the SCS surface water outside the eddy. As a result of the eddy pumping, average DIC and TAlk

increased by 131 and 53 mmol kg-1

and pH lowered by 0.19 relative to the reference stations outside

the eddy. In the upper 25 m, the ratio of the Mekong River water increased to 0.9% in the eddy and

1.6% outside the eddy. Net community production in the eddy was estimated to be 0.29-0.52 g C m-2

d-1

, which was higher than the new production of the northern and central South China Sea without

eddy.

PC03 Temporal variation of halocarbons in relation to phytoplankton dynamics during artificial iron

fertilization experiment (LOHAFEX) in South Atlantic

Rajdeep Roy (rajdeeproy2003@yahoo.com)

Chemical Oceanography Division, National Institute of Oceanography, India

In recent times artificial iron fertilization experiment called (LOHAFEX) has received huge media

attention mainly due to limited knowledge and understanding of oceanic systems among different

sections of societies. Apart from the efficacy of these experiments, one thing most talked about is the

emission of different trace gases which could offset the possible benefits of large scale carbon

sequestration. Here we present latest observations on halogenated trace gas from LOHAFEX which

shows no strong trends between fertilized and no fertilized path thus confirming no significant change

in halocarbon fluxes due to enrichment. Significant relationship was also observed between different

halocarbons and phytoplankton pigments suggesting their possible production by phytoplankton.

PC05 Influence of strong wind event on chlorophyll and surface ocean pCO2 in the northern South

China Sea during winter

Caiyun Zhang (cyzhang@xmu.edu.cn)

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

This paper examined the influence of strong wind event on chlorophyll-a (Chl) and surface ocean pCO2

60

based on satellite measurement and in situ observation in the northern South China Sea (NSCS)

during northeast monsoon in 2006-2007. The satellite data included sea surface temperature (SST)

derived from TRMM TMI, Chl data from MODIS/Aqua and ocean wind vector from QuikSCAT. It was

shown that the strong wind event occurred frequently and intermittently in the NSCS during winter.

The short-term variability of chl has high positive and negative relationship with wind stress and SST,

respectively. After a strong northeastern wind event occurred in the mid December 2006, the mixed

layer deepened by 30m, SST decreased by 2.5°C and salinity increased by 0.3. Furthermore, the Chl

concentration and sea ocean pCO2 increased by 0.25mg/m3 and 50uatm. This suggests that strong

wind event could enhance the upper ocean mixing and weaken vertical stratification, then bring the

rich-nutrient and rich-CO2 deep water into the surface, and thus result in the increase of Chl

concentration and sea ocean pCO2 in the NSCS. Further studies were also suggested to investigate the

impact of frequently strong wind event on the sea-air CO2 flux in the SCS during winter monsoon.

PC06 Spatial and temporal complexity of potential nutrient limitation in Hong Kong Waters

Jie Xu (xujie@ust.hk), Paul J Harrison

Division of Environment, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, HK

There is a need to determine the spatial and temporal dynamics of nutrient limitation to decide which

nutrients should be removed during sewage treatment in Hong Kong. Nutrient enrichment bioassays

were conducted in three representative stations in winter of 2005 and summer of 2006, as well as

nutrient depletion experiments. The results from both methods agreed with each other, indicating

that there were temporal and variations in nutrient limitation. In summer, phytoplankton biomass was

potentially P-limited in Hong Kong waters due to the influence of N-rich Pearl River discharge and

rainfall, while N was the potential limiting nutrient in eastern and southern waters due to the invasion

of the N-poor oceanic water and Si in Victoria Harbour due to the input of sewage effluent with high

NH4 and PO4. Hence, different seasonal sewage treatment strategies should be considered for nutrient

removal.

PD01* Phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with particulate organic carbon

fluxes in the South China Sea and East China Sea

Bangqin Huang (bphuang@xmu.edu.cn)

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Phytoplankton pigments, community composition and biomass were determined using HPLC in the

South China Sea (SCS) and East China Sea (ECS) during the two cruises in Jul.-Sep. 2009 and

Dec.2009-Jan.2010, respectively. Temporal and spatial variations of phytoplankton and their

relationships with particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes were examined between the two seasons

and the two China marginal Seas.

In the ECS, the phytoplankton biomass was higher in summer than in winter in coastal region, while

there was not significant variation in shelf and Kuroshio area. Higher diatoms occurred in coast while

higher pico-phytoplankton (Cyanobacteria and Prochlorophytes) in shelf in summer, meanwhile the

Haptophytes_4 and Prasinophytes were higher in winter. In the SCS, the phytoplankton biomass was

higher in winter than in summer in shelf and basin. Lower Diatoms, Haptophytes_4 and Prasinophytes,

while higher pico-phytoplankton was observed in summer than in winter. The primary production (PP)

was higher in summer than in winter in the ECS, while it was converse in the SCS, that PP was lower in

summer than in winter. There were also significant relationships between Diatoms TChl a and PP in

both of the cruises.

61

Significant relationship was found between phytoplankton pigment ratio (Fp ratio, Claustre, 1994) and

POC fluxes in summer in transect PN of ECS, while there was less relationship in SCS. Results also

showed that Fp ratio was not significant correlated with ThE ratio.

PD02* Mechanism of N2O production in the South China Sea and Western North Pacific inferred

from its N and O isotopic composition

Hua Lin (linhua@xmu.edu.cn), Minhan Dai, Shuh-Ji Kao

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important green house gas, playing a significant role in the global climate

system. The world ocean is believed to be a net natural source of atmospheric N2O, while the

dominant production pathway for N2O still remains unclear. In this presentation, we examined N2O

concentrations and the dual stable isotopic composition of N2O in the South China Sea (SCS) and

Western North Pacific (WNP) to study the mechanisms of N2O production and its impact on the

atmosphere.

The lowest concentrations of N2O in SCS were found in the surface water, while the highest value was

observed at approximate 800 m, where the dissolve oxygen (DO) minimum zone was located. N2O

were supersaturated in the surface water, which indicated that the SCS were important source for

atmosphere N2O. Profiles of the 15

N and 18

O of N2O in SCS showed similar trends with depth in

different stations: the lowest values were found in the surface water, and then the values increased

with the depth, the highest values, were observed in the deep water. The observation of 15

N and

18

O values in near surface waters of SCS were less than atmospheric N2O, which might be attributed

to the remineralization and bacterial nitrification progresses, while during these processes, the fixed

lighter N could be transformed as a form of N2O and return to atmosphere. 15

N and 18

O values of

N2O in the deep water of SCS were similar to deep water in WNP, revealing that the N2O in the deep

water of SCS come from deep water in WNP. Comparing to the areas in the DO minimum of Arabian

Sea and Eastern Tropical North Pacific (ETNP), where the enriched values of 15

N and 18

O of N2O

were due to strong effect of denitrification, the relatively ‘heavy’ N2O had not been observed in the

SCS and WNP, implying that the process of denitrification was not prominent in our study area.

PD03* Proportions and variations of the absorption coefficients of major ocean color components

in the East China Sea

Hui Lei (leihuiwater@126.com)1, 2

, Delu Pan*1, 2

, Yan Bai2, Bangyi Tao

2, 3, Jun Sun

4, Lin Zhang

2, Xuan

Zhang2

1Zhejiang University, Hangzhou

2State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography,

State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou

3Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai

4Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao

The East China Sea (ECS), one of the largest continental seas, features dynamic hydrology and complex

optical characteristics that make ocean color remote-sensing retrieval difficult. The distributions and

proportions of the light absorption coefficients of major ocean color components based on two

large-scale investigations in the ECS are presented, showing the features in typical summer and winter

seasons. The absorption coefficient distributions of colored dissolved organic matter (aCDOM), non-algal

particle (aNAP), and pigment of phytoplankton (aphy) show a decreasing trend from the coast to the

outer shelf. An extremely high aNAP value patch at 440 nm [aNAP(440)] is present in the coast caused by

62

the vertical mixing. According to the aCDOM distribution at 440 nm [aCDOM(440)], the Changjiang River

Plume shows an abnormal southeastward direction in the August of 2009. The chlorophyll-specific

phytoplankton pigment absorption (a*phy) is much higher in winter than in summer, which cause

serious overestimated results when applying the global averaged a*phy into remote-sensing algorithms

for chlorophyll concentration retrieval. The cell size of phytoplankton groups in the ECS affects a*phy

evidently especially in the outer shelf. The proportion of aCDOM(440) is dominant, and comprises over

half of the total seawater absorption on the shelf in summer, while aNAP(440) covers about 64% of the

ECS coastal area in winter. A seasonal and regional division of the characteristics of the seawater

absorption coefficient in ECS is extracted and reported for the first time, which can be used to

establish the regional remote-sensing algorithms.

PD04* Upper ocean responses to category 5 Typhoon Megi in the North Western Pacific

Xiaoyan Chen (cxy_hz@163.com)1,2

, Delu Pan*1,2

, Xianqiang He1,2

, Yan Bai2, and Fang Gong

2

1Department of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou

2State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography,

State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou

Category 5 typhoon Megi was the most intense typhoon in 2010 of the world. It lingered in South

China Sea (SCS) for 5 days and caused a significant phytoplankton bloom detected by the satellite

image. In this study, we investigated the ocean biological and physical responses to typhoon Megi by

using chlorophyll-a(chl-a), sea surface temperature(SST), sea level anomaly(SLA), sea surface wind

measurements derived from different satellites and in-situ data. The chl-a concentration(>3 mg/m3)

increased thirty times in SCS after typhoon passage in comparison with the mean level of October

2008, as there was almost no typhoon passing through SCS during that time. With the relationship of

wind stress curl and upwelling, we found that the speed of upwelling was over ten times during

typhoon than pre-typhoon period. Moreover, the mixed layer deepened about 20m. These reveal that

the enhancement of chl-a concentration was triggered by strong vertical mixing and upwelling. Along

the track of typhoon, the maximum sea surface cooling (6-8℃) took place in the SCS where the

moving speed of typhoon was only 1.4-2.8m/s and the mixed layer depth was about 20m pre-typhoon.

However, the SST drop at the east of Philippines is only 1-2℃ where the moving speed of typhoon was

5.5-6.9m/s and the mixed layer depth was about 40m pre-typhoon. So the extent of SST drop was

probably due to the moving speed of typhoon and the depth of mixed layer. In addition, the region

with the largest decline of sea level anomaly can indicate the location where the maximum cooling

occurs.

PD05* The preliminary analysis of Asian dust events impact on the concentration of Chl-a in the

Yellow Sea

Qianguang Tu (thotho@163.com), Delu Pan, Zengzhou Hao, Fang Gong

State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceangraphy, State

Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou

Asian dust contenting nutrients and microelements can transport to the East China Sea (ECS), even far

to the North Pacific region, particularly during the spring season when the dust storm events are

frequent and maximal from the inland Asia. The large quantities of dust deposition could affect the

marine ecosystem significantly, especially on the phytoplankton populations. In this study, the

coupling between satellite-derived aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and chlorophyll concentration (Chla)

from MODIS in the northern Yellow Sea were present for three dust storm events in 2008. The

coupling is significant at monthly and weekly timescales. Although the monthly coherence may be due

63

to the other covarying factors, the coupling at weekly and daily timescales supports the hypothesis

that the episodic atmospheric delivery of nutrients and microelement stimulates the growth of

phytoplankton. However, the AOT of dust regions usually overflow or failure for the MODIS AOT

retrieval algorithm base on the cloud free sky, and the dust is usually taken as cloud. In the next step,

we will develop a dust detection algorithm to retrieve the AOT and particle sizes of dust over ocean,

and then estimate the dust deposition flux and to quantify the ocean biogeochemical response to

Asian dust events.

PD06* Explore microbial intermediated C, N dynamics in low oxygen environments: application of

labeled 15

N and FISH-MAR techniques

Ting-Chang Hsu1, Song-Yun Hsiao

1, Jin-Yu Terence Yang

2, Minhan Dai

2, Shuh-Ji Kao

(sjkao@gate.sinica.edu.tw)1,2

1Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei

2State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Rationale: There is an increasing awareness regarding the effects of massive anthropogenic nitrogen

inputs on the nitrogen cycle and the carbon cycle. However, it is unclear that the acceleration of the

nitrogen input via riverine discharge and atmospheric deposition will lead to an enhancing or

diminishing feedback to global warming. Oxygen minimum zone waters constitute ~ 0.1% of the ocean

volume, yet, account for 20% to 40% of the total global oceanic N. To accommodate the food supply

for huge population, China emits remarkable amounts of bio-available nitrogen to the ocean via

atmospheric deposition and riverine discharge. A large area of aquatic environment along the China

coast and major estuaries suffer from seasonal eutrophication and anoxia. Understanding of the

nitrogen-carbon interactions, especially a comprehensive knowledge of the microbial intermediated

carbon and nitrogen (C, N) transformation processes, and feedbacks to warming climate is urgently

needed to mitigate eutrophication and anoxia.

An approach combining isotope paring technique (IPT) with 14

C-carbon tracer allows us to explore

microbial intermediated C, N dynamics in low oxygen aquatic environment. The 15

N-labeled nitrogen

method based on IPT will be used to trace the major nitrogen cycle processes. In addition, FISH-MAR

will be applied to identify different bacteria groups and their carbon sources simultaneously by using

either 14

C labeled bicarbonate or 14

C labeled organic substance as tracers. The relative importance of

every individual process that drives nitrogen removal and transformation, and which process is

substrate-controlled that regulates the total export of nitrogen and carbon will be quantified.

PD07* Effects of CO2 enrichment on phytoplankton community in China Sea waters

Yuanyuan Feng, Wei Tian, Jun Sun (phytoplankton@163.com)*

Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao

A series of shipboard natural phytoplankton community incubation experiments were conducted in

South China Sea and East China Sea during CHOICE-C cruises in summer 2009, fall 2010, and winter

2010. Different concentrations of CO2 (190ppm CO2 for some stations, 380ppm CO2 and 750ppm CO2)

and air mixture were bubbled into the incubation systems to examine the effects of CO2 on

phytoplankton community of China Sea waters. Elevated pCO2 significantly increased particulate

organic carbon (POC) production and phytoplankton biomass at most stations, especially for coastal

stations. The most interesting results from the experiments were the changes of phytoplankton

community structure by changing CO2 concentrations. In diatom dominated coastal waters, increased

CO2 concentration greatly favored the growth of bigger sized and chain-forming diatoms. In

oligotrophic waters of South China Sea, iron enrichment significantly promoted the growth of diatoms.

64

However, CO2 enrichment favored the growth of dinoflagelletes more than that of diatoms. For some

stations, the community even shifted to dinoflagellets dominated after pCO2 increase. Our results

indicated that the future trend of atmospheric CO2 enrichment will have potential important influence

on China Sea phytoplankton assemblage and further impact the biogeochemistry in this area.

PD08* Dynamics of the carbonate system on the northern South China Sea shelf under the

influence of both a river plume and coastal upwelling

Zhimian Cao (zmcao@xmu.edu.cn), Minhan Dai*

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Coastal seas are distinguished by two processes-river plumes and coastal upwelling. The

plume-upwelling interaction governs nearshore circulation and modulates the associated

biogeochemical processes. In this study, we examined the dynamics of the carbonate system on the

northern South China Sea (NSCS) shelf influenced by both a river plume and summer coastal

upwelling. The plume waters extended from the mouth of the Pearl River estuary to the middle shelf

and were characterized by low dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TAlk), and a high

aragonite saturation state (arag). In contrast, the upwelled water occupying the nearshore area was

distinguished by high DIC and TAlk and a low arag. While the dynamics of the carbonate system were

largely shaped by physical mixing through plume and upwelling processes, DIC consumption via the

organic carbon production was observable in both the river plume and the coastal upwelling areas

and contributed to the elevated arag during their pathway. By applying a three end-member mixing

model to DIC data, we estimated the net community productivity in the plume water and the

upwelled water to be 36±19 mmol C m-2

d-1

and 23±26 mmol C m-2

d-1

, respectively. We also

attempted to link such biologically mediated DIC variations to the carbonate saturation on the NSCS

shelf, contending that at present natural factors associated with the river plume and the coastal

upwelling largely modulate the dynamics of the carbonate system on the NSCS shelf, whereas

anthropogenic stressors such as ocean acidification currently play a relatively minor role.

PD09* Response of phytoplankton community structure to mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea

(SCS)

Lei Wang (wangleicoexmu@xmu.edu.cn), Bangqin Huang, Jun Hu

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Two anti-cyclonic and a cyclonic eddy in their flourishing stage were target acquired using remote

sensing and in situ hydrographic observation in the South China Sea (SCS) in Feb.-Mar. 2004 and in

August 2007, respectively. Both of the anti-cyclonic eddies displayed similar phytoplankton TChl a

biomass compared with the reference area. But the phytoplankton community structures were

significantly different between the two eddies as results of their different origins. The eddy formed by

the Kuroshio intrusion was dominated by prochlorophytes, however the Haptophytes was

predominance in another eddy. For the cyclonic eddy in the western SCS, although the TChl a

concentration at the deep chlorophyll a maximum layer (DCML) of the eddy was 1.5- fold higher than

at the control stations, there were no remarkable enhancements in the eddy euphotic zone

integration. As the DCML rose to 25m at the eddy core, three distribution patterns of different

phytoplankton communities were sorted by their vertical feudal distinction. Diatoms, Haptophytes_3,

Cyanobacteria and Prochlorophytes had significant contrast between eddy core and controls.

Interestingly, the TChl a biomass was lower below the DCML at the eddy core than outside in the same

depth. It might be influenced by the upwelling cold water, both in temperature restriction and low

biomass deep water diluting.

65

PD10* Phosphorus stress of phytoplankton in Chinese coastal waters —determined by bulk alkaline

phosphatase activity assays

Yu Mo (qycssw@163.com), Bangqin Huang

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Six field investigations indicated that phytoplankton suffered from P stress at different levels in

Chinese coastal waters. The Yangtze River estuary, Pearl River estuary and their adjacent sea areas

were more serious P stress than other regions; P stress of South China Sea (SCS) was significantly

higher than East China Sea (ECS). Mesoscale physical processes influenced P stress of phytoplankton,

the P stress in plume was much higher than other regions, while P stress could be recovered during

upwelling events. In SCS, alkaline phosphatase activity represented the order of plume area, basin

area, shelf and slope area and else coastal area, it’s significantly higher in summer than in winter; in

ECS, it represented the order of plume area, slope area, shelf area and else coastal area. P stress of

ECS was started in spring, lasted in summer, relieved in autumn and unpresented in winter.

PD11* Unimodal relationship between phytoplankton mass-specific growth rate and size

Bingzhang Chen (Bingzhang.chen@gmail.com)

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

We used three data sets, which are from lab experiments, field 14C uptake, and dilution experiments,

respectively, to investigate the relationship between phytoplankton mass-specific growth rate and cell

size.

After temperature correction, all data sets suggest that this relationship might be described by a

unimodal quadratic curve with the modal size (the size corresponding to the maximal growth rate)

ranging from 2 to 5 micron.

Nutrient enrichment does not change the qualitative nature of the relationships, and we conclude

that inherently low maximal growth rates of picophytoplankton, not ambient nutrient effects, play the

major role in determining the positive relationships over the size range where phytoplankton size is

below the modal size. Temperature-corrected phytoplankton grazing mortality rate is positively

correlated with phytoplankton average size, but the proportion of daily primary production consumed

by microzooplankton is negatively correlated with cell size, suggesting a reduced grazing effect as size

increases. The unimodal relationship between phytoplankton growth rate and cell size is consistent

with theoretical considerations and might reflect an adaptive response of phytoplankton to varying

extents of nutrient limitation and grazing effect in marine systems.

PD12* Dynamics of phytoplankton community structure in the South China Sea in response to the

East Asian aerosol input

Cui Guo (guocui@ust.hk)1, Jianzhen Yu

1, 3, Tung-Yuan Ho

4, Bingzhang Chen

1, Lei Wang

5, Shuqun Song

6,

Liangliang Kong2, Hongbin Liu

1, 2, *

1Division of Environment,

2Division of Life Science,

3Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of

Science and Technology, HK

4Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei

5State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

6Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese

Academy of Sciences, Qingdao

66

Recent studies have regarded atmospheric deposition as an increasingly important source of nutrients

to the ocean. However, little is known about how phytoplankton communities respond to atmospheric

deposition in the South China Sea where aerosol loading is among the highest levels in the world. By

conducting a series of microcosm bioassays, we demonstrated the detailed response of the marine

phytoplankton community structure to East Asian aerosol deposition in the South China Sea. Generally,

input of East Asian aerosols with high nitrogen (N) and trace metal contents could lead to both

positive and negative effects on the phytoplankton community, both structurally and physiologically.

High levels of these aerosols profoundly increased total phytoplankton biomass, relieved

phytoplankton nutrient limitation, enhanced the physiological conditions (e.g., photosynthetic

efficiency) and shifted phytoplankton assemblages from being dominated by picoplankton to

microphytoplanton, especially diatoms. However, under low levels of aerosol loading, the composition

shift and biomass accumulation were not apparent, suggesting that the stimulation effects might be

counterbalanced by enhanced grazing mortality. Trace metal toxicity of the aerosols is also an

important negative factor to phytoplankton growth, especially picocyanobacteria. Moreover, the

magnitude and duration of the deposition event, as well as the hydrographic and tropic conditions of

receiving waters are also important factors when predicting the influence of an aerosol deposition

event.

PD13* Phylogenetic composition and distribution of protists in the hypoxic zone on the inner

Louisiana Shelf of the Gulf of Mexico

Emma Rocke (erocke@gmail.com), Hongmei Jing, Hongbin Liu

Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, HK

The community structure and phylogeny of protists, which are affected by severe hypoxia on the inner

Louisiana shelf was explored through a clone library and sequencing approach. The hypoxic zone in

this area can persist for several months in the summer, until there is strong mixing of the ocean waters.

Until the present, the effects of hypoxia on the microbial community are virtually unknown. Three

representative stations, including both the surface layer and sub-pycnocline layer, located on the inner

Louisiana shelf near the Atchafalaya and Mississippi River Plumes were chosen for our study. A

phylogenetic analysis of a total 145 sequences, generated from six 18S rDNA clone libraries

demonstrated a clear dominance of dinoflagellates in the sub-pynocline layer in the first two stations

(AB5 and 10B), and in both layers at the more western station closest to the Atchafalaya River plume

(station 8C). A cluster of unique sequences, which could not be attributed to any known cluster with

enough certainty in Genbank emerged, signifying unique local species assemblages in the Gulf of

Mexico. Distinct populations were observed at each location and depth, suggesting that a more

complex interaction between hypoxia and other forces is affecting the protist communities in this area.

A cluster analysis among the sampled communities showed two significant clusters grouping station

10B and the two outer stations (AB5 and 8C). Given that station 10B is located furthest from each river

plume, this suggests that the outermost stations could be affected by the Atchafalaya and Mississippi

River plumes, analysis of which is still underway. This study concluded that the effects of hypoxia on

protists are complex and unique to each environment, and more studies need to be done in order to

properly illustrate the effects of hypoxia on the protist community in marine coastal areas.

PD14* Effect of diatom silicon contents on zooplankton grazing and its implication to POC flux

Hongbin Liu (liuhb@ust.hk), Feng Zhu, Mianrun Chen

Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, HK

Diatoms are one of the most important primary producers in ocean, especially coastal waters. A

67

common perception is that they contribute significantly to vertical POC flux through sinking of dead

cells, aggregates and zooplankton fecal pellets. Studies show that zooplankton on diatom diet usually

produce fecal pellets that sink faster than those on other diets. The silicon contents of diatoms vary

among different species and among each species growing at different environmental conditions and

physiological status. However, no research has been done to investigate the effect of diatom silicon

contents on zooplankton grazing and fecal pellet production. We conducted a series of experiments

using the same diatom species with different silicon contents to feed copepods. Preliminary results

show that copepods strongly preferred cells with low silicon content over high silicon-containing cells.

At the same time, fecal pellet production rate was significantly higher for copepods fed by highly

silicified cells. Consequently, copepod growth rate, egg production rate and hatching success were

compromised under high silicon diatom diet. Our findings may revise the role of diatom in planktonic

food web and POC flux.

PD15* Dynamics of picoplankton distribution in the East China Sea

Cui Guo (guocui@ust.hk)1, Hongbin Liu

1, 2, *, Shuqun Song

3, Liping Zheng

4, Bingzhang Chen

2

1 Division of Environment,

2Division of life science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,

HK

3 Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese

Academy of Sciences, Qingdao

4 State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Dynamics of picoplanktonic population distribution in the East China Sea, a marginal sea in the

western North Pacific Ocean, were studied during two “CHOICE-C” cruises in August 2009 (summer)

and January 2010 (winter) using flow cytometry. Fifty-three dilution experiments were also conducted

during the two cruises to investigate the coupling of growth and microzooplankton grazing among

picophytoplantkon populations. A great seasonal and spatial fluctuation of picoplankton abundance

was observed in the East China Sea due to its diverse hydrographic conditions. Seasonally,

picoplankton were less abundant in winter than in summer, which is a consequence of low

temperature. Spatially, each population occupies a specific ecological niche: Prochlorococcus is largely

confined to the warm oligotrophic off-shore stations and absent in the coastal zone; while

Synechococcus was more abundant in the mesotrophic shelf stations; and picoeukaryotes and

heterotrophic bacteria were widely spread in the whole region. This distribution pattern was

significantly correlated with temperature and total Chlorophyll a level. Besides the bottom-up controls

of the environment, the correlated picoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing suggests that

top-down control also played an important role. Both of the growth and grazing rates were higher in

summer than in winter, and showed a decreasing trend from near-shore to off-shore region. Negative

correlations between cell abundance and growth rate could be observed in all picophytoplanktonic

populations. In some occasions, picophytoplantkon abundances were also negatively correlated with

grazing mortality.

PD16* Significant nutrient transport from the East China Sea into the South China Sea in winter

Aiqin Han (aqhan@xmu.edu.cn)1, Minhan Dai

1, Shuh-Ji Kao

1,2, Qing Li

1, Hua Lin

1

1State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

2Research Center of Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei

East China Sea (ECS) and South China Sea (SCS) are two major marginal seas in Western Pacific

interconnected through Taiwan Strait. The ECS is characterized by high primary productivity

68

attributable at least partially to the large nutrients input from Changjiang. By contrast, the SCS is

overall oligotrophic in nature. This study is sought to examine nutrients transport in winter through

the China Coastal Current (CCC) driven by the prevailing northeast monsoon, which is a very well

known winter current in China seas. The significant of which in transporting nutrients from colder East

China Sea to refuel the winter production of subtropical shelf with warmer temperature at the

northern SCS (NSCS) has not been evaluated.

Our field observations in both the ECS and NSCS were conducted from Dec. 25, 2008 to Jan. 9, 2009.

We observed contrast nutrient (NO2+NO3, N; PO4, P; SiO4, Si) concentration and distribution over the

shelf zone between the ECS and NSCS. The concentrations of N, P and Si were 4.6-9.5 M, 0.3-0.5 M

and 6.5-15 M, respectively in the ECS shelf, which were much higher as compared to those in the NSCS

shelf (<1.1 M for N, 0.08-0.36 M for P and 1.2-6.5 M for Si). However, Chl a in NSCS shelf ranged

0.6-2.0 mg m-3

, noticeably higher than that over the ECS shelf (0.3-0.5 mg m-3

). In addition, nutrient

concentration in the long strip coastal current water were monitored as high as 15-35 M, 0.5-

and 15-40 M for N, P and Si, respectively, which is ~10 times higher than those in the NSCS shelf.

Using the southward water volume transport of 0.7±0.2 Sv based on prior researches (Wyrtki 1961;

Wang et al., 2003), our first order estimation of nutrient fluxes through a boundary transect of NSCS

(or southern Taiwan Strait) were (2.5±0.7)×1010

mol N/month, (10.4±3.0)×108 mol P/month and

(2.9±0.8)×1010

mol Si/month. Assuming that the primary production in the NSCS is P limited, such a

nutrient flux carried by CCC could support an organic carbon production of (9.1±2.6)×108 mol

C/month. Compared to the winter riverine fluxes of ~2.9×109

mol N/month, ~4.1×107 mol P/month

and ~7.1×108

mol Si/month, this nutrient flux by CCC was overwhelming. Though such estimations of

CCC carried nutrient transport are very preliminary, however, cold water temperature and prevailing

wind in winter could make this transport efficient, moreover, the circulation pattern in winter SCS

could also facilitate off-shelf export. Further study in conjunction with a 3-D coupled

physical-biogeochemical model is underway.

PD17* A high resolution Th-228 study in North Atlantic Ocean

Kuanbo Zhou (kbzhou@xmu.edu.cn)1,2

, Ken Buesseler1,*

, Matthew Charette1, Paul Morris

1, Paul

Henderson1, Stephanie Owens

1 and Steve Pike

1

1 Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA

2 State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

High resolution measurements of particulate organic carbon (POC) export are mandatory to well

define the carbon attenuation within the twilight zone. Th-228(t1/2=1.9y), with the aid of our newly

developed non-destructive method via RaDeCC system, is now becoming a more promising tracer for

POC flux in the twilight zone. In this study, particulate and dissolved Th-228 were collected through a

large volume McLane in-situ pump during the US GEOTRACES Cruise in October, 2010. Based on our

preliminary analysis, particulate Th-228 in small particles (1-53m) varied from 0.01±0.003 to

0.49±0.014 dpm/100L. Dissolved Th-228 activities were generally higher, ranging from 0.02±0.006 to

0.65±0.027 dpm/100L. Both particulate and dissolved Th-228 were elevated in the upper ocean

(0-500m) and bottom water, compared to the mid-water. Interestingly, a belt of high particulate

Th-228 was found between 250-500m. We assumed that the higher Th-228 activities were induced by

the larger amount of supply from Ra-228 in the surface and bottom water, although evidences from

surface scavenging and bottom re-suspension were still seen. Compared with Ra-228 profiles from

previous study, disequilibria between the Th-228 and Ra-228 were commonly observed within the

upper 1000m, and the Th-228 deficit was more obvious in the very surface (0-100m) which could be

caused by the surface biological scavenging. High particulate Th-228 level was also found in

500-2000m in Station 1 which corresponding to the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW).

69

Our future work will focus on the measurement of Th-228 in large particles (>53m) and Th-228 flux

calculation in the twilight zone, which will help us to deduce a detailed picture of particle export in the

twilight zone in North Atlantic Ocean.

PD18* Investigating organic carbon distribution and cycling in the Yellow Sea

Kuanbo Zhou (kbzhou@xmu.edu.cn), Minhan Dai, Feifei Meng, Pinghe Cai and Weidong Zhai

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) and Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) were investigated in Yellow Sea

(YS) during a China-SOLAS cruise in April, 2006. DOC concentrations were higher (> 110mol C/L) in the

northern YS and nearshore area, as compared to the Southern YS and the offshore area. Similar with

DOC, POC concentrations were also relatively high (>12mol C/L) in the northern YS and nearshore area.

However, the POC maximum (22.5mol C/L) was observed in the central southern YS while DOC

reached its highest value of 135mol C/L in the very nearshore areas. Such distinctive distribution

patterns might reflect the different physical/biogeochemical controls on POC and DOC. DOC was

predominantly controlled by the physical mixing, but signals of DOC addition from surface algal

production and removal from bottom remineralization were also seen. POC was greatly regulated by

the in-situ production as evidenced that biogenic contribution to POC could be >65%.

To estimate the vertical POC export fluxes, Thorium-234 was also analyzed at three stations in the

central YS by using a modified MnO2 precipitation technique which was optimized for high turbidity

waters. 234

Th/238

U disequilibria were observed throughout the water column, and 234

Th deficit was

generally larger in the surface and bottom than that in the mid-water which presumably indicated the

intensive surface algal production and bottom re-suspension. As the potential influence from the

bottom re-suspension, the downward POC flux should be considered as the combination of net POC

fluxes from in-situ production and re-suspension-induced POC fluxes. The ratio between net

downward and total POC fluxes was estimated by using a binary mixing model. It was negligible in the

upper euphotic zone (0-30m) but could be higher than 30% in the bottom. Net POC export flux from

the euphotic zone and also the whole water column (0-70m) was calculated by the multiplication of a

Steady-State 234

Th flux and bottle C/Th ratio with the consideration of re-suspension effect. In 0-30 m,

it ranged from 16.2±1.0 to 63.8±1.0 mmol C/m2/d with an average of 43.4±1.0 mmol C/m

2/d(n=3). In

0-70 m, POC flux varied from 26.4±1.2 mmol C/m2/d to 52.0±1.6 mmol C/m

2/d with an average of

37.3±0.9 mmol C/m2/d.

The net horizontal POC and DOC export to East China Sea (ECS) were also calculated as 0.57×1011 and

2.57×1011 mol C/yr, respectively, which were significantly higher that previous estimations. This study

suggested that the organic carbon flux exported from YS might represent as high as 60 % of what was

exported from ECS into the open ocean.

PD19* Observed Three-dimensional Structure of a Cold Eddy in the Southwestern South China Sea

Jianyu Hu1, Jianping Gan

2, Zhenyu Sun (sunzy@xmu.edu.cn)

1, Jia Zhu

1, and Minhan Dai

1

1State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

2Division of Environment and Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and

Technology, HK

The dynamic structure of an ocean eddy in the eddy-abundant South China Sea has rarely been

captured by measurements and has seldom been discussed in the literature. In the present study, in

situ current, hydrographic measurements and concurrent satellite altimeter observations primarily

based on a week-long cruise allowed the three-dimensional structure and physical properties of a cold

70

eddy in the southwestern South China Sea to be analyzed and presented. The underlying forcing

mechanism for the formation of this cyclonic cold eddy was found to be tightly associated with the

recirculation in a coastal baroclinic jet that had separated off the Vietnamese coast. The eddy was

significantly influenced by a co-existing, anti-cyclonic warm eddy in the separated jet. With relatively

steady intensity and radius, the cold eddy endured for two weeks after its swift formation in late

August and prior to its quick dissipation in mid-September. This cold eddy was horizontally and

vertically heterogeneous. Asymmetric currents with much stronger magnitude were found on its

southeastern flank, next to the warm eddy, where a front in the pycnocline was responsible for the

sharp decrease in the cold eddy’s intensity in the water below. The distributions of temperature,

vorticity and vertical velocity in the cold eddy were spatially asymmetric and not overlapping. The

intensity of the cold eddy gradually decreased with the depth and the eddy extended downward for

more than 250 m with a vertically tilted central axis. The upward velocities around the center of the

eddy and the downward velocities to the southwest and to the east of the center jointly formed the

upward domes of isotherms and isohalines in the central part of the cold eddy.

PD20* Influence of wind products on the estimation of air-sea CO2 flux

Zhaoyang Song (songzhaoyang1987@yahoo.cn) and Dongliang Zhao

Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao

As the main sink of CO2 released into atmosphere, ocean plays an important role in mitigating the

greenhouse effect and adjusting the global climate. Many studies focus on the estimation of air-sea

CO2 flux by using of the partial pressure differences and gas transfer velocity parameterized by wind

speed. The lack of a firm relationship between wind speed and gas transfer velocity as well as

different time-scale wind data is considered to be main factors that hinder accurate estimation of CO2

fluxes. In this study, the influence of different time-scale, which is 6-hourly,daily and monthly mean

wind products on the estimation of CO2 flux is discussed based on NCEP/NCAR, ECMWF, QSCAT/NCEP

blended data and CCMP data. It is found that the net annual CO2 flux estimated by 6-hourly mean

wind data is larger by about 30% than that estimated by daily mean wind data. Southern Hemisphere

is more capable in absorbing CO2 than Northern Hemisphere.

PD21* A preliminary analysis of the in situ observation of CO2 flux in the South China Sea

Shuiqing Li (lshq160@gmail.com) and Dongliang Zhao

Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao

Air-sea gas exchange plays a key role in the global climate change and biogeochemical research. The

direct flux measurement by eddy correlation method have gained increasing focus as it provides a

more practical way to study the gas exchange at the air-sea interface. The air-sea fluxes including

momentum, heat and gas was measured on a fixed platform in the South China Sea. In this study, the

air-sea CO2 flux is estimated from the coincident fluctuations of vertical wind and concentration of CO2

in the atmosphere. The influence of different averaged timescales on calculating the CO2 flux is

investigated. The effect of environmental parameters such as wind, wave, temperature and depth of

oceanic mixed layer is also discussed in this study.

PD22* A possible link of wave model with gas transfer velocity --a preliminary study

Zhuhua Li (lizhuhua37@163.com) and Dongliang Zhao

Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao

Gas transfer velocity is an important parameter in the estimation of the air-sea gas flux. It has been

71

recognized that gas transfer velocity is proportional to a quarter exponent of the dissipation rate of

turbulent kinetic energy which involves many factors such as wind, wave, current and temperature etc.

However, since it is difficult to obtain the dissipation rate in practical application, wind speed is usually

chosen to parameterize gas transfer velocity instead, which leads to great uncertainty by this kind of

relationships. In this study, it is investigated the possible link between the dissipation rate and the

wave energy dissipation function in the wave model. Based on buoy data and SWAN wave model, it is

found that the wave energy dissipation function of Hasselmann model is generally less than that of

Phillips model. The relationship between the dissipation function and dissipation rate is discussed by

introducing the Kolmogorov length scale.

PD23* Diversity and abundance of diazotrophic bacterioplankton in the South China Sea deep basin

Yao Zhang (yaozhang@xmu.edu.cn),1 Zihao Zhao,

1 Jun Sun,

2 and Nianzhi Jiao

1

1State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen

2Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao

The South China Sea (SCS) is an oligotrophic subtropical marginal ocean with a deep basin and a

permanently stratified central gyre. Upwelling and nitrogen fixation provide new nitrogen for primary

production in the SCS. This study aimed at molecular characterization and quantification of the

diazotroph community in the SCS deep basin, which is characterized by frequent mesoscale eddies.

The diazotroph community, based on nifH gene diversity, had components closely related to

sequences from open ocean, estuarine, coral reef and coastal upwelling systems. Rarefaction analysis

suggested that by using a 98% similarity operational taxonomic unit definition, the nifH sequence

diversity in the samples was almost covered by the 522 nifH clones obtained. The majority of the nifH

sequences recovered fell into two clusters: the alpha- and gamma-proteobacterial groups. Free-living

symbiont cyanobacterium Richelia was recovered from one surface sample, while unicellular

cyanobacterial groups A and B were not detected in our libraries. Trichodesmium thiebautii was

detected with an average density of 102 trichomes per liter in the euphotic water, while Richelia

intracellularis was observed sporadically under the microscope. Quantitative PCR probe-primer sets

were designed and used to quantify the two proteobacterial groups, revealing abundances up to

104-10

5 nifH gene copies per liter, with the highest abundances in the photic zone. The diazotroph

community in the SCS deep basin had a relatively low diversity and a distinct spatial heterogeneity of

diversity. Depth distributions of the major diazotrophs suggest that diazotrophic proteobacteria are a

significant component of the plankton biomass in this oligotrophic marginal ocean ecosystem.

PD24* Analysis on water masses in the northern South China Sea in summer and winter of 2009

Jia Zhu (zhujia@xmu.edu.cn), Jianyu Hu, Minhan Dai

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Based on the CTD data conducted in the summer and winter cruises of 2009, the thermohaline

properties along sections in the northern South China Sea (SCS) are discussed and the structure of

water masses are analyzed for each cruise with methods of Hierarchical Cluster and Fuzzy Cluster. The

classified result shows that there are 6 and 5 water masses in summer and winter respectively: ①

the Nearshore Diluted Water Mass (F) (summer), the Nearshore Cold Water Mass (C) (winter); ② the

Surface Water Mass (S); ③ the Surface-Subsurface Mixed Water Mass (M); ④ the Upwelled Water

Mass (only in summer) (W); ⑤ the Subsurface Water Mass (U). ⑥ the Subsurface Intermediate

Mixed Water Mass (UI). The analysis classifies systemically the water mass structure in the northern

South China Sea. The major conclusions are summarized as below: (1) As affected by the flood of

Zhujiang River and Hanjiang River, the Nearshore Diluted Water Mass distributes southeastward in the

72

summer of 2009. (2) The salinity maximum value of 34.87 appears in winter, which is attributed to the

intrusion of Kuroshio. (3) Results demonstrate that the intrusion happens through the Luzon Strait in

the salinity maximum layer in summer and winter of 2009. The phenomenon indicated that water

from the Pacific entered into the SCS through the north part of the Luzon Strait both in summer and

winter, while water from the SCS entered into the Pacific through the South part of the strait.

Key words: Water mass, Northern South China Sea

PD25* Seasonal fluxes and source variation of organic carbon transported by two major Chinese

rivers: The Yellow River and Changjiang (Yangtze River)

Xuchen Wang (Xuchen.Wang@umb.edu)1, 2

, Haiqing Ma2, Ronghua Li

3, Zhensu Song

3, and Jinping Wu

4

1 Department of Environmental, Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, USA

2 Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao

3 Lijing Yellow River Hydrographic Station, Lijing

4 Datong Changjiang Hydrographic Station, Datong

World major rivers play a dominant role in transporting large amount of terrestrial organic matter to

the ocean each year, thus affecting the carbon budget, cycling and biogeochemical processes in the

river-dominated marginal seas. Here, we present the results of a one-year study carried out in 2009

to investigate the seasonal fluxes and source variation of organic carbon transported by two large

rivers in China, the Yellow River and Changjiang. Our data indicate that during 2009, the Yellow River

transported 3.20 x 104 t DOC, 3.89 x 10

5 t POC, 1.51 x 10

6 t PIC and 1.34 x 10

5 t PN into the Bohai Sea;

and Changjiang delivered 1.58 x 106 t DOC, 1.52 x 10

6 t POC, 3.06 x 10

5 t PIC and 2.25 x 10

5 t PN into

the East China Sea, respectively. The total terrestrial OC transported by the Yellow River and

Changjiang were 4.2 x 105 tC/yr and 3.1 x 10

6 tC/yr in 2009, comparable to the top major rivers in the

world. The dominate input of the terrestrial organic matter occurred during the high discharge period

from June to July for the Yellow River and from June to August for Changjiang, which accounted for 36%

and 44% of DOC, and 86% and 72% of POC transported by the two rivers in 2009. The Yellow River

transported much higher concentrations of inorganic carbon than organic carbon, while a reverse

trend was found for Changjiang, indicating the contribution of different terrestrial carbon sources

along the different drainage basins of the two rivers.

Using radiocarbon and stable carbon isotope measurements, we identified the sources of organic

carbon transported by the two rivers. DOC (-25.6‰ to -32.1‰) and POC (-23.1‰ to -25.6‰)

transported by the two rivers had similar and typical terrestrial organic matter 13

C mean values but

DOC in both rivers appeared to be more depleted in 13

C than POC. In comparison, the values of 14

C

measured for both DOC and POC, showed distinct differences between the two rivers. POC

transported by the Yellow River were extremely old with 14

C ages ranging from 4,110 to 8,040 years,

while the DOC was relatively younger (400 to 1,070 years). The 14

C ages of DOC in Changjiang (305 to

1570 years) were comparable to the values of the Yellow River DOC, but the POC (815-1060 years) was

much younger than that of the Yellow River. These age differences of DOC and POC found in the two

rivers clearly indicate the contribution of different sources of OC to the two rivers. The very old POC

carried by the Yellow River was primarily derived from the quaternary loess and weathering of old

rocks mainly in the middle reach of the river. The relative young aged POC in Changjiang and DOC in

both rivers suggest a mixture of both old and a large fraction of recent-fixed modern terrestrial

organic materials. The sources of OC transported by the two rivers also showed strong seasonal

changes. The 14

C ages of both POC and DOC decreased from winter to the spring and summer due to

the contribution of recent-fixed OC from freshwater plankton and terrestrial plants. Using an isotopic

mass balance approach, we estimated that at least 7% and 34%, and 31% and 42% recent-fixed labile

73

OC had been added to the POC and DOC pools in April and July in the Yellow River; 31% and 60%

recent-fixed OC were contributed to the DOC pool in April and July in Changjiang. Although the

transformation and fate of these labile and refractory terrestrial OC transported by the Yellow River

and Changjiang have not been well studied, our study suggests that the seasonal changes in the age

and structure of organic matter transported by the two rivers could have important influence not only

to the biogeochemical and ecosystem processes in the estuaries and adjacent coastal waters, but also

to the carbon budget and cycle in the East China Sea as well.

PD26* In situ analyzers for the parameters of the seawater CO2 system

Quanlong Li (liql@xmu.edu.cn), Yanzhong Dai, Fengzhen Wang, Dongxing Yuan and Minhai, Dai

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Based on the spectrophotometric pH measurement, we developed four in situ analyzers to determine

the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), total alkalinity (TA), pH and total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of

surface seawater. These analyzers were integrated into an autonomous submersible system. The

properties of the system were tested in the laboratory, a seawater tank and the field. The results

showed that the precisions of the system for pCO2, TA, pH and DIC were ±0.5% (in laboratory), ±1.3

µmol/kg (in tank), 0.0008 (in laboratory) and ±4.3 µmol/kg (in tank), respectively, and the accuracies

were 2 µatm±2.0% (in field), 11.9±5.0 µmol/kg (in tank), 0.002±0.005 (in tank) and 0.4±9.7µmol/kg (in

tank) in comparison with the data obtained by standard analytical method, respectively. The system

was deployed at sea for one month, showing its capability for a long-term deployment.

PD27* Distribution of surface dissolved trace metals in northern South China Sea: Evidence of

anthropogenic sources

Deli Wang (deliwang1@gmail.com)*, Xiqian Yang, Wenfang Lin, Minhan Dai

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

A suite of dissolved trace metals (Cd, Co, Al, Ni, V, Cu and Mn) were at the first time measured along a

transect from Pearl River Estuary until the ocean basin in surface waters of northern South China Sea

(NSCS) via R/V Dongfanghong-2 during August 2009. All samples were taken following a simple

underway towed fish sampling system onboard, and analyzed in lab for dissolved trace metals by using

Chelex-100 resin column solid phase extraction method. The concentrations in these surface

seawaters ranged as following: Cd: 70-150 pmol/l, Co: 60-200 pmol/l, Al: 20-135 nmol/l, Ni: 1.2-4.0

nmol/l, V: 18-26 nmol/l, Cu: 0.3-1.0 nmol/l, and Mn: 3.0-13.0 nmol/l respectively. A significant

enrichment of dissolved Cd, Co, Al and Mn outside of Pearl River Estuary suggested of an

anthropogenic sources of these metals (including riverine outflow, sedimentary releases and

atmospheric input) during August 2009 sampling period, while small enrichments of dissolved Cu, Ni

and V nearshore and lowest levels offshore suggested that autochthonous processes (e.g., biological

uptake, and particle adsorption/ desorption) also dictated the cycling of these metals in NSCS.

Besides lateral transport of water masses from central basin also diluted dissolved metal

concentrations in NSCS. Principal component analysis further revealed sources and processes

influencing the cycling of metals in NSCS: anthropogenic inputs as the dominant sources (accounting

for 83.8% of the total variance), and biological activities and particle adsorption/desorption as the

autochthonous processes (accounting for 12.8% of the total variance) controlling the total dissolved

metal pool in NSCS. This research will contribute to our understanding of anthropogenic influences

from Asia continent on nearby marginal seas, and even open ocean.

74

PD28* Phylogenetic diversity and spatio-temporal distribution of nitrogenase genes (nifH) in the

northern South China Sea

Liangliang Kong (kltotti@ust.hk), Hongmei Jing, Hongbin Liu

The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, HK

The South China Sea (SCS) is the largest marginal sea in the West Pacific. In its warm and permanently

stratified surface seawater, primary production is limited by nitrogen, thus N2 fixation by diazotrophs

is thought to be an important nitrogen source. In this study, we examined the diversity and abundance

of diazotrophs via the distribution of nitrogenase genes (nifH) in the upper water column (< 150 m) in

the South China Sea. Diverse nifH gene sequences were identified by cloning analysis of 9 samples

collected in summer and winter along a transect from coastal water influenced by Pearl River plume to

oligotrophic deep ocean. The nifH community was dominated by γ-proteobacteria (126 out of 303

sequences, 41.6%), followed by 76 cyanobacteria nifH sequences (25.1%). Canonical Correspondence

Analysis (CCA) showed that Chl a concentration, which implied the trophic condition, significantly

affected the nifH phylotypes distribution (p < 0.05). Vertical and horizontal distributions of different

diazotrophic cyanobacteria were quantified using a SYBR green qPCR assay consisting of 2 previously

published and 2 newly designed primer sets targeting to major diazotrophic cyanobacteria, including

Trichodesmium spp., unicellular cyanobacteria group A (UCYN-A), group B (UCYN-B) and symbiotic

cyanobacteria Richelia sp. (Het-1). Trichodesmium was the most abundant and possibly most

important nitrogen fixer, with up to 1.1×106 gene copies l

-1, followed by UCYN-A, UCYN-B and group

Het-1 with ~103 gene copies l

-1. The growth of cyanobacteria diazotrophs might be limited by the

excessive inorganic nitrogen from the Pearl River plume and from the vertical mixing with deep water

in winter. On the other hand, abundant proteobacteria diazotrophs detected in this area may provide

another potential source of fixed nitrogen.

PD29* Comparison of the hydrographical characteristics along the 120°E section in the Luzon Strait

Zhi-da Huang (zhidahuang@xmu.edu.cn), Jian-yu Hu

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Using CTD data of three cruises along the 120°E section in the Luzon Strait in 2009 and 2010, we

analyze the characteristics of temperature and salinity along this section. Moreover, we obtain the

eastward component of geostrophic current using dynamical calculation with a reference to 1200 m.

The observations showed that: The subsurface and intermediate Kuroshio water intruded the SCS

mainly through the central part of Luzon Strait during August 13-15 in 2009; The surface and

subsurface Kuroshio water intruded the SCS mainly through the northern part of Luzon Strait while

the intermediate Kuroshio water intruded the SCS mainly through the central part of Luzon Strait

during January 27-30 in 2010; There seemed no direct Kuroshio water intrusion during May 19-20 in

2010; The total volume transports through the Luzon Strait were 0.08 Sv eastward, 7.56 Sv westward

and 8.97 Sv westward during August 13-15 of 2009, January 27-30 of 2010 and May 19-20 of 2010,

respectively.

Key words: temperature; salinity; geostrophic current; Kuroshio; Luzon Strait

PD30* Decreased calcification affects photosynthetic responses of Emiliania huxleyi exposed to UV

radiation and elevated temperature

Kai Xu (xu_k@yahoo.cn), Kunshan Gao*, V. E. Villafañe, and E. W. Helbling

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Changes in calcification of coccolithophores may affect their photosynthetic responses to both,

75

ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280-400 nm) and temperature. We operated semi-continuous cultures of

Emiliania huxleyi (strain CS-369) at reduced (0.1 mM, LCa) and ambient (10 mM, HCa) Ca2+

concentrations and, after 148 generations, we exposed cells to six radiation treatments

(>280, >295, >305, >320, >350 and >395 nm by using Schott filters) and two temperatures (20 and

25ºC) to examine photosynthesis and calcification responses. Overall, our study has demonstrated

that: (1) Decreased calcification resulted in a down regulation of photoprotective mechanisms (i.e., as

estimated via non-photochemical quenching, NPQ), pigment contents and photosynthetic carbon

fixation; (2) Calcification (C) and photosynthesis (P) (as well as their ratio) have different responses

related to UVR with cells grown under the high Ca2+ concentration having a better performance as

compared to those grown under the low Ca2+ level; (3) Elevated temperature increased

photosynthesis and calcification of E. huxleyi grown at high Ca2+ concentrations whereas the opposite

was observed in low Ca2+ grown cells. Therefore, a decrease in calcification rates in E. huxleyi is

expected to decrease photosynthesis rates and producing also a negative feedback, further reducing

calcification.

PD31* CO2-dirven seawater acidification affects photochemical performance of a green alga

Yuting Liu (liuyuting1031@yeah.net), Kunshan Gao*, Juntian Xu

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Increased CO2 and associated acidification in seawater, known as ocean acidification, decrease

calcification of most marine calcifiers. However, less has been documented on how marine

macroalgae would respond to the chemical changes caused by ocean acidification. We hypothesized

that increased acidity and CO2 would lower the threshold above which PAR becomes excessive by

down-regulating algae’s CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). Juveniles of Ulva prolifera derived

from the zoospores had been grown at ambient (390 ppmv) and elevated (1000 ppmv) for 80 days

before the hypothesis was tested. We showed, here, that the CO2-induced seawater acidification

increased the quantum yield under low level of light, but induced higher non-photochemical

quenching (NPQ) under high light. At the same time, the PAR level at which photosynthesis became

saturated was reduced and photosynthetic affinity for inorganic carbon decreased in the

high-CO2-grown thalli. These findings indicate that ocean acidification, as an environmental stress,

reduced the threshold above which PAR becomes excessive. The down-regulated CCMs, reflected as

the increase in photosynthetic affinity for CO2, could have saved energy that contributed to lower the

threshold.

PD32* Fluctuating irradiance regulates the effects of CO2-induced acidification on photosynthesis of

the coccolithorphore Gephyroscapsa oceanica

Peng Jin (jinpengyouyu@yahoo.com.cn), Kunshan Gao*, V. E. Villafañe, and E. W. Helbling

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations affects photosynthesis in most planktonic calcifiers. It is

known that the response of coccolithphores to increased pCO2 is different in high or low light levels.

Thus the aim of this study was to determine the combined effects of CO2-induced acidification and

mixing on the coccolithphore Gephyroscapsa oceanica to test our hypothesis if the ocean acidification

is dependent on levels of light and if it is controlled by light-regulated processes. In our study, high and

low-CO2 acclimated cells were put into two systems, one fixed and one rotating, which provided

fluctuating radiation levels. Overall, our study demonstrated that only under moderate mixing rates,

the carbon fixation rates of HC were 60% higher than those under LC, while in the faster or lower

mixing rates, they were much lower than LC, and no significant UVR-induced inhibition were observed

76

in the rotating system. In the lowest PAR level of 36 μmol photons m-2

s−1

under P treatment in fixed

system, the ocean acidification showed positive effects, in which the photosynthetic rates of HC were

significant higher than LC (p<0.05), while in the other PAR levels, it showed negative effects. We also

found that UVA can enhance photosynthetic rates under mixing conditions, while UVB showed a

opposite effect. Taken all together, these results suggest that ocean acidification has positive or

negative effects that are dependent on the light conditions (including mixing), thus leading to a new

point to examine the overall effects of ocean acidification on phytoplankton.

PD33* Photosynthetic response of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana to increased pCO2

and seawater acidity

Guiyuan Yang (yanggy004@163.com), Kunshan Gao*

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

The ongoing increase of atmospheric CO2 and its continuous dissolution into seawater have been

acidifying the oceans. The chemical changes associated with ocean acidification may affect

phytoplankton physiology and marine biological CO2 pump. We hypothesized that increased pCO2 and

seawater acidity may influence diatom’s photosynthetic machinery. Growth of Thalassiosira

pseudonana under elevated CO2 level of 1000 ppmv (decreased pH by 0.3 unit) for 20 generations was

enhanced by 4.6%, which parallels increased photosynthetic carbon fixation by 25%, compared to that

grown under ambient CO2 level. Photosynthetic pigments, maximal photochemical quantum yield,

electron transport rate, non-photochemical quenching and the effective absorption cross-section of

PSII remained unchanged under the high CO2 condition. When exposed to excessively high level of

PAR, photochemical and non-photochemical quenching responded similarly in the low and high CO2

grown cells, which contrasts to the enhanced photoinhbition of electron transport rate previously

found in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum grown at the same elevated CO2 level. While

photosynthetic affinity for CO2 was lowered in the high-CO2 grown cells. We tentatively conclude that

the saved energy due to the down-regulated CO2 concentrating mechanism in T. pseudonana did not

contribute to cause additional light stress as found in Phaeodactylum tricornutum, though both

growth of both species was stimulated by the enriched CO2 concentration.

PD34* Phytosynthetic responses to multiple stressors (increased seawater acidity, UV and

temperature) of a diatom grown under elevated CO2 concentration

Yahe Li (liyahe1105@163.com), Kunshan Gao*, Virginia E. Villafañe and E.Water Helbling

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

The increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations accompanied by lower pH in the surface oceans,

substantial shifts in temperature and enhanced in ultraviolet radiation are all predicted as a result of

anthropogenic activity, but litter is known about the combined effects of the these factors. The

Phaeodactylum tricornutum cells were cultured aerated with ambient air (390 ppmv) and

CO2-enriched air (1000 ppmv) for at least 20 generations to investigate the effect of CO2 the algae,

and in order to access the influence of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and temperature on this algae, we

exposed the cells to three different artificial radiations (PAB: 280-700 nm, PA: 320-700 nm, P: 400-700

nm) at different temperatures (15°C, 20°C, 25°C), respectively. This study showed that the present of

UV-A (320-395 nm) and UV-A+UV-B (295-320 nm) accelerated the effective quantum yield (ΦpsⅡ)

decreases during the exposure for 1 h compared to only treated with photosynthetic active radiation

(PAR). The cells acclimatized to elevated CO2 conditions shown more tolerance to UVR, and the

photosynthetic carbon fixation also was enhanced no matter with or without the present of UVR. And

the higher temperature (25°C) reduced the negative effect of UVR, that is the higher temperature the

77

less damage induced by UVR. Aside, we determined the photosynthesis irradiance curves at the end

of the exposure for 1 h under all treatments and also calculated the parameters such the initial slope

(α), the maximum electron transport rate (rETRmax) and the light saturation parameters (Ek). The

parameters have been increased by the elevated CO2 but have been decreased by the UVR. However,

the effect of temperature on the parameters is unconspicuous. But in one word, increasing in CO2

levels may decrease the sensitivity to UV radiation and too high or too low temperature would

decrease the ΦpsⅡ and the photosynthetic carbon fixation rate.

PD35* Nitrigen limitation increases the negative effects of elevated CO2 on dinoflagellate

Prorocentrum micans under different light regimes

Ying Zheng (zhengying128@163.com), Kunshan Gao*, Mario Giordano

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

We carried out the experiments on dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans, which were cultivated

under two different CO2 condition (380ppm and 1000ppm) and two different nitrogen condition (low

to 1 μmol·L-1

), under four light regimes (100 μmol·m-2

· s-1

, 500 μmol·m-2

· s-1

and two different

frequency fluctuating lights). The growth rate and variable fluorescence parameters were measured

were measured during the 6-hour-experement period, the latter were also obtained during the light

–exchanging period. Fluctuating light increase the growth rate only in nitrogen-replete condition. CO2

has no significant effects on growth for the nitrogen-replete, however, the negative effects of CO2 can

be seen under nitrogen-limited condition. For the nitrogen-replete cells, when they were exposed

under low light (constant and low-light period of M15), CO2 increase subtly their yield values, whereas

the yield significantly reduced by CO2 under high light condition. The status was different under

nitrogen-limited condition, only negative effects can be seen regardless of different light regimes. And

the degree of this reduction increased along with the exposure, even reaching up to 50% under high

light regime. We conclude that nitrate deficiency can worsen the negative effects of CO2. High

frequency light fluctuation made the algae more sensitive to high CO2 and nutrient deficiency.

PD36* Daily primary productivity and respiration of phytoplankton assemblages in the South China

Sea

Guang Gao (gaoguang@xmu.edu.cn), Kunshan Gao*, Kai Xu, Ying Zheng

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Different methods are used to estimate ocean primary productivity. To incubate samples for 6h or less

time and calculate daytime primary productivity by integrating daytime radiation, or incubate samples

for 12h. To estimate daily primary productivity, we also need take dark respiration at night into

account. In addition, popular incubation bottles at present are made up of Polycarbonate, which are

UVR-opaque. In order to compare the deviation between different methods and investigate the

effects of solar UVR on primary productivity. We carried out the experiments u on board during the

winter cruise (5 - 26 January) and the autumn cruise (22 October-25 November) in 2010 in the South

China Sea. The daytime carbon fixation was determined through exposing surface seawater samples

for 6 h (9:00-15:00) under 6 different solar radiation intensity or incubate samples for 12h from

sunrise to sundown. Daily carbon fixation was determined by incubating samples for 24h. We used

quartz bottles in all incubation, and got PAR or PAR+UVR treatment by covering or uncovering 395nm

film. It was found that the value of carbon fixation was incubated for 24h < 12h < calculated from P-E

curve (incubated 6h) and UVR reduced carbon fixation at all stations both at winter and autumn cruise.

During winter and autumn cruise, the ratio of 12h to that calculated from P-E curve (incubated 6h)

was 0.65±0.03~0.75±0.05,0.60±0.07~0.90±0.09under PAR; 0.69±0.05~0.75±0.04,0.47±0.06~0.86±0.11

78

under PAR+UVR; the ratio of 24h to 6h is 0.40±0.03~0.58±0.07,0.39±0.04~0.70±0.10 under P,

0.47±0.03~0.59±0.04, 0.27±0.05~0.63±0.16 under PAB; the ratio of 24h to 12h is

0.62±0.04~0.85±0.06,0.59±0.06~0.83±0.16 under P, 0.62±0.04~0.79±0.05,0.58±0.11~0.74±0.19 under

PAB, respectively. It indicated ocean primary productivity was overestimated when incubation time

was 6h or less, especially with traditional vessels.

PD37* Phytoplankton in northern South China Sea

Wei Ma, Shuqun Song, Wei Tian, Jun Sun (phytoplankton@163.com) *

Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao

We were presented that the phytoplankton species composition and cell abundance data based on

the investigation in northern South China Sea (17~23ºN ,108~119ºE) which was carried out by

CHOICE-C. Netz-phytoplankton (summer & winter) and the surface water phytoplankton were

identified in by Utermöhl method, in which diatom were predominant. Trichodesmium thiebautii, a

nitrogen-fixation species, was widely distributed in the survey area, and mainly concentrated in the

northeast of Hainan coastal zone and Luzon strait in summer. It was found that the coastal waters of

Eastern Guangdong was the area of highest phytop1ankton abundance, followed by the Pearl River

estuary and coastal water of its southwest both in summer and winter, while highest phytop1ankton

abundance located on coastal in the surface water in autumn. And we gave a comparison with

historical data of phytoplankton in survey area.

PD38* Phytoplankton assemblages in Yellow Sea and East China Sea in summer and winter of 2009

Shujin Guo1, Minhan Dai

2, Zhiliang Liu

1, Jun Sun (phytoplankton@163.com)

1*

1 Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao

2 State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Phytoplankton assemblages in Yellow Sea and East China Sea in the summer and winter of 2009 were

investigated by Utermöhl method. Our result shows that the phytoplankton community in Yellow Sea

and East China Sea was mainly composed of Bacillariophyta, followed by Dinophyta, and there were

also a few species belonging to Cyanophyta, Chrysophyta and Chlorophyta. In summer, the dominant

species were Thalassionema nitzschioides and Pseudo-nitzschia pungens while in winter they were

Paralia sulcata and Thalassionema nitzschioides. Both the cell abundance and species richness in

survey area were higher in summer than in winter. In summer, a total of 218 taxa which belong to 75

genera of 5 phyla were identified and cell abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 0.037 to 266.9

cells·ml-1

with an average of 7.25 cells·ml-1

, of which Bacillariophyta ranked the first ranging from

0.037 to 264.0 cells·ml-1

averaged at 6.22 cells·ml-1

, followed by Dinophyta, ranging from 0.037 to 66.0

cells·ml-1

with an average of 1.84 cells·ml-1

. In winter, a total of 180 taxa which belong to 66 genera of

4 phyla were identified and cell abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 0.044 to 17.822 cells·ml-1

with an average of 1.832 cells·ml-1

, of which Bacillariophyta ranked the first ranging from 0.044 to

17.822 cells·ml-1

with an average of 1.697 cells·ml-1

, followed by Dinophyta, ranging from 0.044 to

1.422 cells·ml-1

with an average of 0.155 cells·ml-1

. Phytoplankton cell abundance was concentrated in

surface water and reduced rapidly downwards in summer, while in winter, the cell abundance

distributed almost equally in different depths as a result of the thick mix layer. Horizontally, the cell

abundance was relatively high in inshore and low in offshore, and high value appeared in the area

adjacent to Changjiang estuary.

79

PD39* The living coccolithophores in China Seas Waters in summer and winter 2009

Jian Zhang, Xin Li, Shaofei Jin, Jun Sun (phytoplankton@163.com) *

Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao

Based on the samples carried out in the Yellow Sea, the East Sea and the South China Sea in

summer(20th

July to 1st

September) and winter(23th

December to 5th

February) 2009, the living

coccolithophores species composition and cell abundance was analyzed by polarizing microscope, and

their spacial distribution are described here. In summer, 21 species of the coccolithophores were

found in the survey area with the dominant species Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica,

Umbellosphaera tenuis and Florisphaera profunda. the cell abundance that calcited was in

0.23×103cells/L~17.62×10

3cells/L, with an average of 2.84×10

3cells/ L. Most of the stations were

dominated by the Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica, respectively 36.77% and 32.90%.

They were mostly distributed in the 35m and 50m water layer. Florisphaera profunda distributed

mostly in depth waters, in the 50m to 200m. The water column integral of the coccolithophores was in

7.82×103 ~ 19.12×10

5cells/m

2, with an average of 2.39×10

5 cells/m

2. In winter, 20 species of the living

coccolithophores were found in the survey area with the dominant species similar to that of summer

cruise. The cell abundance was 0.12 ~ 35.35×103cells/L and the water column integral of the

coccolithophores was in range of 7.82×103 ~ 19.12×10

5cells/m

2, with an average of 2.39×10

5 cells/m

2.

PD40* Metaproteomic characterization of dissolved organic matter in the water column of the

South China Sea

Da-Zhi Wang (dzwang@xmu.edu.cn), Hong-Po Dong, Zhang-Xian Xie, Min-Han Dai, Hua-Sheng Hong

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science/ Environmental Science Research Center,

Xiamen University, Xiamen

We characterized dissolved organic matter (DOM, <0.7µm in size) collected from the surface (10-m

and 75-m) and bathypelagic (3000-m) layers in the South China Sea using the shotgun proteomic

approach. A total of 182 proteins matched by 286 unique peptides were identified from the three

DOM samples. The protein number in large DOM (0.2-0.7µm size fraction, LDOM) was significantly

greater than that in small DOM (5 kD-0.2µm size fraction, SDOM). However, no remarkable difference

was observed in protein number between the surface and bathypelagic SDOMs. The sources of

dissolved proteins were diverse in surface DOM covering various bacterial and phytoplankton groups

as well as the Oomycetes while the Archaea, Proteobacteria and some phytoplankton groups were the

major contributors to bathypelagic DOM. Proteins involved in cytoskeleton, energy production and

conversion, posttranslational modification, protein turnover and chaperones presented high

abundance in surface LDOM while proteins involved in translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis

were more abundant in bathypelagic LDOM. Proteins involved in transport and metabolism, cell

wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis and photosynthesis were detected abundantly in the 75-m

LDOM. A urea ABC transporter assigned to amino acid transport and metabolism was the most

abundant protein in the 10-m SDOM while methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase involved in

energy production and conversion dominated the protein profiles in the 75- and 3000-m SDOMs. Our

results demonstrate that the dissolved proteins in the water column are diverse and dynamic, with

each layer characterized by unique proteins, and only a very minor amount of proteins from the

surface are protected and transferred to deep sea. Preservation of some specific dissolved proteins in

the DOM is a result of synergism among many factors. Nanogels and microgels might act as a physical

barrier in protecting dissolved proteins from degradation as well as inherent molecular protection

Key Words: dissolved organic matter; metaproteomic;

80

PD41* A Comparative Geochemical Study of the Pearl River System and Coastal Rivers (SE China):

Assessing the contributions of Geological and Anthropogenic Sources

Harish Gupta (harishgupta78@gmail.com) 1

*, Minhan Dai1, Shuh-Ji Kao

1,2 and Deli Wang

1

1State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

2Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei

Geochemical investigation of the large rivers allow the erosion processes at global scale to be

addressed and particularly gives important information about the biogeochemical cycles of the

elements, weathering rates, physical erosion rates and CO2 consumption by the acid degradation of

continental rocks. The Pearl River and coastal rivers of south-eastern coast of China are the major

sources of fresh water, sediments and nutrients to the South China Sea. However the geochemical

characteristics of these rivers and fluxes of different river-born material are not well constrained. This

study aims to investigate the sources and processes controlling the chemical fluxes of dissolved and

particulate matter from this densely populated large geographical region, characterized by mixed

lithology and subject to sub-tropical climate. We reports a new set of geochemical data from three

branches of the Pearl River system (Xijiang, Beijiang and Dongjaing) and other coastal rivers (such as

Hanjiang, Rongjiang, Luohe, Tanjiang, Nalonghe, Nanliujiang, Qinjiang and Jianjiang) draining to the

SCS. All together these rivers drain, an area of >0.5×106 km

2 and annually discharge about 400 km

3 of

fresh water. The Xijiang (the mainstream of the Pearl River System) and most of its tributaries mainly

flow through carbonate dominate region (world’s largest carbonate province) and thus characterized

by high total dissolved solid concentrations. In contrast clastic sedimentary, metamorphic and rocks of

magmatic origin constitute most parts of the Beijiang, Dongjiang and the other coastal Rivers, thus

these rivers are mostly diluted and characterized by relatively high Na, K and Si content. Among the

river bottom sediments, those collected from Xijiang show higher Ca and Mg content whereas rest of

the rivers show higher Na and K concentrations. However the SO4 and NO3 contents in all of the rivers

are invariably high. A positive correlation exists (except Beijiang) between Na normalized molar ratios

of SO4 and NO3, suggesting towards a common pollution source. Coal formations, widely distributed

in the upper middle parts of Xijiang and pyrite present in other sedimentary rocks may also serve as

dominate source of SO4 across the region. Presence of higher SO4 content suggests a possible role

in elevating silicate and carbonate weathering. A mass balance calculation indicates that the dissolved

loads of these rivers were mainly controlled by chemical weathering, followed by anthropogenic and

atmospheric inputs.

PD42* Sources and burial rates of organic matter in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea sediments

over the last 100 years

Dawei Li (ldw647@126.com) 12 *

, Tiantian Ge 1,2

, Weifang3 Chen, Chih-An Huh

3, Minhan Dai

4, Meixun

Zhao 1,2

1. Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University

of China, Qingdao

2. Institute of Marine Organic Geochemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao

3. Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei

4. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Long chain n-alkanes, alkenones (A), brassicasterol (B), dinosterol (D), branched-GDGTs, and

crenarchaeol have been analyzed in 6 short sediment cores from the southern Yellow Sea and the East

China Sea. Crenarchaeol and ∑A+B+D are marine biomarkers, and their mass accumulation rates

(MARs) reveal increased burial of marine organic matter (MOM) over the last 100 years in all 6

sediment cores, especially in recent 50 years. The long chain n-alkanes and branched-GDGTs are

81

terrestrial biomarkers, and their MARs also reveal increased burial of terrestrial organic matter (TOM)

over the last 100 years in 5 cores.

The BIT index [the ratio of branched-GDGTs to (branched-GDGTs and marine crenarchaeol)] and the

TMBR index [the ratio of odd long chain n-alkanes to (odd long chain n-alkanes and ∑A+B+D)] were

calculated to evaluate the relative contribution of TOM in these marine sediment cores. BIT values

varied between 0.02~0.18, with relatively steady values between 1880 A.D. and 1950 A.D., followed

by a gradual decrease during the last 60 years. TMBR values varied between 0.06~0.47, with a

decreasing trend over the last 100 years. Although their absolute values are different, both the BIT

and TMBR indexes suggest that the buried organic matter in these sediments has been predominated

marine origin and the MOM contribution has been increasing over the last 60 years.

Key Words: MOM, TOM, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, BIT, TMBR

PD43* Modeling dissolved oxygen, nutrients, and organic matter in the upper reach of the Pearl

River Estuary (PRE) in the context of hypoxia

Zhiqiang Yin (yinzhq@xmu.edu.cn) and Minhan Dai

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Hypoxia in the upper reach (i.e. from Guangzhou to Humen) of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) has been

of big environmental concerns given that the Pearl River Delta region is one of the most dynamic

economic regions in the world. There have been numerous studies that have shown that the

persistent hypoxia upstream PRE is caused by increasing inputs of ammonia and organic pollutants. In

order to better assess in a quantitative way the processes modulating the hypoxia in this area, we

developed a 1-D physical-biogeochemical model to study the dissolved oxygen (DO) budgets in winter

and summer, and to explore the contributions of related physical and biogeochemical processes in DO

dynamics. The model featured two major oxygen consumption pathways, oxic mineralization and

nitrification. Six variables including DO, nitrate, ammonia, dissolved and particulate organic matter

and salinity were considered. The model was calibrated and validated to different sets of field data,

and the results were in reasonable agreement with the observations. We showed that oxic

mineralization and nitrification were mainly balanced by aeration in both winter and summer.

However, advective-dispersive transport and primary production played minor roles in DO budget in

the study area. Regarding DO depletion processes, oxic mineralization was the largest DO consumer in

winter, which consumed 60.8 % of DO, while the rest 39.2 % of DO was consumed by nitrification. In

summer, however, nitrification dominated DO depletion and consumed 5 times more DO than oxic

mineralization. The influence of salinity on nitrification was also explored and discussed. Results

indicated that in the upper reach of the PRE, nitrification was significantly controlled by salinity.

PD44* Observing pCO2 dynamics based on on a Battelle pCO2 monitoring system at a coastal site

influenced by strong tide off the Hangzhou Bay and the Changjiang estuary

Xu Dong (dongxu@stu.xmu.edu.cn), Jingshun Chen and Minhan Dai

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sicence, Xiamen University, Xiamen

We report time-series observations of surface water pCO2 based on a Battelle pCO2 monitoring system

installed on a surface buoy deployed at a coastal site off the Hangzhou Bay and the Changjiang estuary

(30.5503°N, 122.3678°E). Hangzhou Bay is known as one of semi-closed bays with the highest tidal

amplitude in the world. The site is also characterized by estuarine mixing with fresh water discharged

from Changjiang and Qiantang Rivers.

Our observations were carried out between late July and late October, 2010. Our observation showed

82

a large surface water pCO2 variation ranging 178- 929 μatm with the average of 685±120 μatm. As

expected, the atmospheric pCO2 changed in a smaller range of 366-418 μatm (average ~ 382±9 μatm).

This three month data set allowed for an examination of pCO2 dynamics at different time scales. At the

diurnal time scale, surface water pCO2 varied between 343 and 871 μatm with the salinity change of

17.7-26.2 and the surface sea temperature change of 21.9-27.5 °C. The weekly pCO2 variation ranged

527~796 μatm with the salinity change of 19.2-25.0 and the surface sea temperature of 22.1-27.1 °C.

Monthly, pCO2 changed from 619 μatm in August to 677-755 μatm in September and October with the

monthly average surface sea salinity and temperature of 22.8 and 26.6 °C in August, 21.3 and 26.0 °C

in September, 19.9 and 22.6 °C in October.

We reasoned that the above variations of surface water pCO2 were mainly controlled by biological

metabolisms and the mixing between different end members with different pCO2 values among the

Changjiang River, Hangzhou Bay water and East China Sea (ECS) water. It is interesting that the

amplitude of the pCO2 variations at the weekly time scale were in overall agreement with the

Spring-Neap tidal cycle in the Hangzhou Bay.

PD45* Isotope constraints on upper water column nitrogen dynamics in the oligotrophic northern

South China Sea

Jinyu Yang1

(jyyang@xmu.edu.cn), Shuh-Ji Kao1,2

, Kon-Kee Liu3, Minhan Dai

1, Wen-Chen Chou

4,

Hui-Ling Lin5 and Haojia Ren

6

1 State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

2 Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei

3 Institute of Hydrological Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli

4 Institute of Marine Environmental Chemistry and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung

5 Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung

6 Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, USA

Particulate nitrogen (PN) dynamics in the oligotrophic north South China Sea (around the SEATS

Station) was explored by examining the isotopic compositions of suspended PN in the top 200 m over

3 years and sinking PN collected by sediment traps. The PN inventory and its mean δ15

NPN (2.0 to

5.3 ‰) of upper 100 m reveals significant seasonality with higher values when mixed layer is deeper

highlighting the significance of physical-driven bottom-up nitrate supply. The annual mean δ15

NPN of

upper 100 m is 4.2 ± 1.0 ‰, which is lower than subsurface δ15

NO3, suggesting a detectable input

from nitrogen fixation. In contrast, lower 100 m PN inventory remains relatively constant throughout a

year with significant seasonality (mimicking mixed layer depth) and persistently higher δ15

NPN (when

comparing with top 100 m). Based on the dynamic relationship between upper and lower 100 m in

inventory δ15

NPN, we speculated the downward transfer efficiency of particulate N-fixation signal is

weak regardless of high N-fixation activities in surface. The δ15

NPN values of trapped material collected

from 374-447 m range from 3.3 to 7.3 ‰ agreeing well with δ15

NPN in lower 100 m in terms of

amplitude and temporal variation. Such consistency further implies PN sourced from N-fixation

recycles predominantly in water column <500 m. By using a one-dimensional mass and isotope

balance model, we derive a N-fixation input of ~20 mmol N m-2

y-1

, which accounts for ~5% of new

production, suggesting that N2 fixation plays a minor role in new nitrogen at SEATS Station.

Keywords: Nitrogen Isotope, Suspended Particle, Sediment Trap, South China Sea

83

PD46* Variability of Kuroshio in East China Sea derived from remote sensing data

Zhiqiang Liu (liuzhq@ust.hk), Jianping Gan

Division of Environment & Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and

Technology, HK

We investigate the spatial and temporal surface variability along the entire Kuroshio Current in the

East China Sea (ECS) using 16-year (1993-2008) surface geostrophic currents derived from satellite

altimetry data. Our analysis is based on physically sensible definitions of the axis, width, along- and

cross-stream transports. The Kuroshio mainly flows along the 200 m isobath. Its width narrows from

~218 km in the winter towards ~207 km in the summer while the transport increases from a minimum

of ~14.5 Sv value in the autumn to a maximum transport of ~26.6 Sv in summer. The width, surface

flux, and the magnitude of the along-stream velocity of the Kuroshio are positively correlated along its

track and have relatively large values in the central ECS. The shoreward intrusion that crosses the

shore-side boundary of the Kuroshio chiefly occurs near the southwest of Kyushu where an 1.8 Sv

portion of the Kuroshio veers towards the Tsushima Strait throughout the year. The surface shoreward

intrusion in the other part of the Kuroshio is generally weak and most of the transport that deviates

shoreward from the core (around the 200 m isobath) of the Kuroshio recirculates within the stream.

The net surface Ekman transport along the stream contributes to the surface shoreward intrusion, the

intrusion in isolated portion of the ECS shelf is, nerveless, determined by the local geostrophic current.

The spatial structure of the intrusion is mostly controlled by the interaction of the stream-shelf

topography between the 200 m isobath and the shore-side boundary. The intrusion exhibits strong

inter-annual variability. The transport across the shore-side boundary of the Kuroshio reflects the true

water exchange between the stream and the ECS shelf. It is considerably different from the transport

across the 200 m isobath.

PD47* The distribution of dissolved organic carbon in China seas in the winter of 2009

Kai Wu (wk@stu.xmu.edu.cn), Kai Wu, Fei-Fei Meng and Junhui Chen

Environmental Science Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen

We examined the distribution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the China Seas based on a

CHOICE-C winter cruise between Dec. 23, 2009 and Feb. 5, 2010. The highest DOC concentrations

upto 102 mol/L were observed in the Pearl River plume. DOC concentrations were up to 95 mol/L

in the Changjiang plume. Surface DOC concentration in the East China Sea (ECS) ranged 78-95 mol/L

in the nearshore water, 60-66 mol/L in the shelf water, and 67 - 69 mol/L in the offshore waters

influenced by the Kuroshio. Surface DOC concentration in the NSCS ranged 70-102 mol/L in the

nearshore water, and 61-78 mol/L in the shelf and basin water. Such DOC distribution patterns were

primarily reflective of the influence from the river input and intrusion of Kuroshio waters into the shelf

regions. One of the consequences of such Kuroshio intrusion was that DOC concentrations of the shelf

water in the NSCS were much higher than that of the shelf water in the ECS. In the vertical horizon,

DOC was mostly well mixed.

PD48* Using the Radium quartet to evaluate the submarine groundwater discharge and derived

nitrogen to the shelf of Northern South China Sea in winter

Qian Liu (qinaqianliu@xmu.edu.cn), Minhan Dai

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen

Naturally occurring chemical tracers are used to assess the magnitude of submarine groundwater

discharge (SGD) in winter 2008 in the northern South China Sea (NSCS), an oligotrophic shelf with

84

influence of both China Coastal Current and downwelling driven by the prevailing northeast monsoon.

Our groundwater discharge estimation was 345 m3 m

-1 d

-1 (normalized to the shoreline ) based on the

mass balance of 226

Ra along with the water exchange rate estimated using 223

Ra : 228

Ra ratios in the

inner shelf (50 km from the coastal lines and an average mixed layer depth of 20 m). We then used an

hourly time series of multiple radium isotopes (224

Ra, 223

Ra, and 228

Ra) to quantify SGD rates as a

comparison to the mass balance results, which ranged 68-699 m3 m

-1 d

-1. This wide range of SGD rates

suggested the variability of groundwater input with tidal pumping. Our Ra-determined SGD and

associated nitrogen flux represented ca. 16-20% and 50-62% of the riverine water and N flux in this

winter. However, this nitrogen flux is small in comparison with the contribution from China Coastal

Current along the shelf. Converting the nitrogen flux carried by SGD into the concentration of inner

shelf in South China Sea (with water volume: 66 km3, residence time: 17 days), we would obtain the

nitrogen concentration of 12-16 mmol m-3

. However, the measured N concentrations were lower than

1 mmol m-3

but with relative high Chl a in the range of 0.6-2.0 mg m-3

in the NSCS, suggesting that

much of the nitrogen flux derived from SGD was consumed by phytoplankton.

85

Picarro分析仪——

痕量气体浓度及C、N、H、O同位素比率测量

ppb 级的灵敏度, 可确保精度、准确度，无事实漂移

快速、连续、原位在线测量，无需人工值守

大的动态量程，高度线性

野外、实验室两用，无后续耗材

几分钟即可上手操作，无需与业人员

对背景气体、环境温湿度、压力以及震动丌敏感

“Without the advances made by Picarro, these

autonomous measurements would not have been

possible.” –by Colm Sweeney, NOAA's ESRL

原生态公司作为美国Picarro公司核心代理商和Coastal公司的独家代理商，为您提供温室气体研究、稳定性同位素分析、

食品安全、空气质量梱测、生态学研究，以及气象观测、应急响应、军事防御等领域的世界顶尖仪器以及系统解决方案。

Coastal气象站——

专业的气象站，适用于任何恶劣环境……

ZENO 数据采集器 （32 位微处理器，18 位模拟数值转换器）

全球范围内选配最适传感器，现货供应

任何恶劣环境均能正常工作，寿命周期＞20 年……

二十多年来，Coastal 一直与注亍气象系统研制不开发，为

世界范围内的军方、航空、科研、应急、农业等机构提供最适合

的气象观测系统。

更多产品信息，请前往www.pri-eco.com

联系电话：010-51651246 010-88121891

CM-CRDS

碳同位素分析仪

L2120-i

水同位素分析仪

G5101-i

N2O同位素分析仪

86

劳雷工业公司长期致力亍海洋调查仪器及地球物理

的应用研究、系统集成、软硬件新产品开发、市场营销、

售后技术服务、以及工程技术咨询服务。长期活跃在科学

调查、资源勘探、工程梱测和环境保护领域，在北京、上

海、成都、香港、美国均设有分公司/代表处/及维修站。

用最先进的科学技术手段和最新的应用科学方法为市场

和客户提供完整的技术方案，推动前沿学科的快速发展一

直是公司的戓略方针。联合市场上的活跃用户和世界上的

知名仪器生产厂家及科研院所，采用资源共享、风险分担、

研发和现场试验幵行的模式，劳雷工业公司成功地向市场

推出了许多首创的勘探调查仪器系统，向中国的海洋调查

研究和应用地球物理用户提供了成千上万的仪器系统，幵

帮助、支持他们完成了许多重大国家科学顷目和工程顷目。

科学的发展，技术的创新，用户的成功是劳雷工业公司的

长期团队目标。

公司经营的主要产品可分为以下三大领域：

一、物理海洋学、海洋地球物理、海洋测绘、海洋

科学研究、水下工程调查仪器设备；

二、勘探地球物理、开发地球物理、工程质量梱测仪器

设备；

三、与用工业设备。

有关公司代理的海洋仪器设备和物探仪器设备的简

要资料请参阅公司的网页

www.laureltechnologies.com.cn。

联系电话：010-58790099 传真：010-58790989

电子邮箱：laurel@laureltech.com.cn

劳雷工业公司系统集成成果简介

劳雷工业公司除了日常的市场营销、售后服务、工程

技术咨询服务以外，近年来把重点放在系统集成、软硬件

新产品开发的业务上，取得了良好的成果。

*本公司不中科院海洋所合作，亍 2010 年 12 月成功地

在西太平洋北纬 8°6000 米水深海域成功地布放了深海

潜标系统，为西太平洋海洋环流不气候试验（NPOCE）

顷目采集长期数据

*三峡大坝水下安梱系统

*为中海油公司配置的有缆潜标系统

*为中海油公司提供的深海潜标系统

*为国家海洋监测中心提供数据传输浮标；

*为海洋大学提供深海潜标系统感应传输方案；

*为海洋所新船提供五种测量仪器、绞车方案及设备；

*为海洋测绘所提供船用绞车、多波束测深仪方案及设备;

*为海洋测绘所提供与用测绘小艇。

厦门名大科技有限公司

厦门名大科技有限公司是集贸工技亍一体的与

业实验室仪器及耗材供应商、服务商，从品质管理

到研究开发、从基础型到大型工业化提供全面、优

质的全套解决方案。我们所提供的产品和服务被广

泛应用亍高校实验室、研究所、政府梱测机构以及

电子、化工、机械、制药、食品等多种工业领域。

公司目前已是多个世界知名品牌仪器产品在福

建省内的总代理戒授权经销商，主要经营产品如下：

美国Waters 液相色谱、液质联用仪，德国 Bruker

X 射线衍射仪 、X 射线能谱仪 X 荧光光谱仪 ，美

国Micromeritics 比表面分析仪、颗粒分析仪、化

学吸附仪，德国Merck 各种溶剂、色谱柱、水质分

析仪及各种实验耗材，美国 Bio-rad 凝胶成像、梯

度 PCR、电泳及各种蛋白试剂，德国 Kruss 表面张

力接触角仪等。

公司本着以人为本，科技创新的精神从 2008

年便着力亍实验室软硬件开发及改造，陆续推出如

全自动化学反应系统、无线温度监控系统、全自动

试剂添加平衡系统、环境监测类软件设计等，提供

样品前处理、样品制备及分析、实验数据精确分析

和管理的全面软硬件解决方案，可为用户提供量身

定制的自动化管理系统。

NOTES

NOTES