standards of practice for herbology

Standards of Practice – Herbology of 30

Standards of Practice for Herbology

Table of Contents

Preamble ......................................................................................................................................... 2

Definition ........................................................................................................................................ 2

Background ..................................................................................................................................... 2

Basic Herbology Competencies ...................................................................................................... 2

Basic Herbology Activities ............................................................................................................. 3

Advanced Herbology Competencies............................................................................................... 3

Advanced Herbology Activities ...................................................................................................... 4

Performance Indicators – Basic Herbology .................................................................................... 4

Performance Indicators – Advanced Herbology ............................................................................. 4

Appendix 1: Most Commonly Prescribed TCM Formulas ............................................................. 7

Appendix 2: Entry-Level Occupational Competencies for the Practice of Advanced Herbology in

Alberta........................................................................................................................................... 10

Appendix 3: Safety Requirements for Herbology ........................................................................ 12

Appendix 4: Index of Materia Medica (Pin-yin, Chinese and Botanical or Pharmaceutical Name)

....................................................................................................................................................... 15

Appendix 5: Animal and Plant Ingredients in Traditional Medicine (Environment Canada, 2011)

....................................................................................................................................................... 27

Effective: XXX


1. Preamble

Acupuncturists who provide services related to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbology

must restrict themselves to the level appropriate to their individual competency and comply with

the Standards below adopted by the Council of the College of Acupuncturists of Alberta.

2. Definition

Recommendation: For the purpose of this Standard a recommendation is an advised usage of

TCM herbs and/or formulas.

3. Background

Under the Health Professions Act, Schedule 1, s.3, acupuncturists are authorized to diagnose,

treat and prevent diseases, disorders and dysfunctions using methods based on the holistic

principles of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and on using methods of stimulating

acupuncture points and meridians. Considering that herbology is one of the TCM treatment

methods included in acupuncturists’ scope of practice, and that acupuncturists in Alberta have

received various levels of education in TCM herbology, the College of Acupuncturists of Alberta

(CAA) developed these standards related to herbology activities to ensure the public have access

to safe and quality care provided by acupuncturists.

Generally, competence is the combined knowledge, skills, attitudes, experiences and judgement

required for providing professional services. An acupuncturist who chooses to recommend TCM

herbs and/or formulas must meet or exceed the current standard of competency described in

Standards of Practice for Herbology. They must demonstrate the knowledge, skill and

judgement to recommend TCM herbs and/or formulas safely, ethically, and competently.

Acupuncturists have an obligation to maintain competence throughout their career.

Acupuncturists must not provide any advice or treatment for which they do not possess the

necessary degree of training, skill, knowledge and experience. An acupuncturist who lacks the

necessary competency to recommend herbs and/or formulas may face charges of unskilled or

unprofessional conduct according to the Health Professions Act.

4. Basic Herbology Competencies

Acupuncturists must meet the following competencies for the practice of basic herbology:

a) Have knowledge of the history and use of herbology in TCM.

b) Understand how TCM herbology complements acupuncture as a complete system of

medicine.

c) Have general knowledge of how TCM formulations work with the meridians, organ

systems and acupuncture points.

d) Be familiar with the most commonly recommended TCM formulas listed in Appendix 1

and have a general idea of when they would be appropriately used.


5. Basic Herbology Activities

Acupuncturists who meet the basic herbology competencies may perform the following

activities:

a) Provide general information to patients about how TCM herbology complements

acupuncture as a complete system of medicine.

b) Provide general information to patients about how TCM formulations work with the

meridians, organ systems and acupuncture points.

c) Inform patients about the general actions of the most commonly recommended TCM

formulas listed in Appendix 1 within their education and competency level.

Acupuncturists performing Basic Herbology Activities must not recommend TCM herbs and/or

formulas to their patients.

6. Advanced Herbology Competencies

Acupuncturists must meet the competencies outlined in Appendix 2 for the practice of advanced

herbology, a summary of the competencies required is provided below:

1. Practice with professional integrity.

i. Practice within limits of expertise.

ii. Remain current with developments in TCM herbology practice.

2. Apply knowledge of the properties and functions of TCM herbs in treatment planning

including indications and toxicity.

3. Apply knowledge of herbal formulating strategies including potential adverse effects,

contraindications and precautions.

4. Apply knowledge of the herb interactions in treatment planning, including:

i. Herb - drug interactions.

ii. Herb - herb interactions.

iii. Herb - food interactions.

iv. Herb - natural health product interactions.

5. Relate biomedical diagnostic and treatment approaches to TCM practice:

i. Diagnosis and treatment methods

ii. Pharmacology

6. Establish treatment plan based on diagnosis.

i. Devise applicable TCM herbal formula.

ii. Devise appropriate course of herbal treatment.

7. Implement herbal treatment plan.

i. Instruct patients on accessing TCM herbal formula.

ii. Instruct patients on administration of TCM herbal formula.

8. Maintain herbal inventory.

9. Prepare and dispense herbal formulas.

10. Determine the level of risk relative to TCM herbal treatment.

11. Manage risks to patients.

i. Include safety precautions in herbal treatment plan.

ii. Manage adverse reactions and accidents resulting from treatment.


iii. Respond appropriately to medical emergencies.

7. Advanced Herbology Activities

Acupuncturists who meet the advanced herbology competencies may perform the following

advanced herbology activities:

a) Select, recommend, and combine herbs and/or formulas based on TCM diagnosis,

treatment plan, and patient’s use of medications, and make modifications based on the

patient’s physical, medical and health history as necessary.

b) Advise patients about the use of TCM herbal formulations with clear instructions

including the dosage, route, frequency, duration, and methods of administration.

8. Performance Indicators – Basic Herbology

The acupuncturist who performs basic herbology activities must:

1) Restrict him/herself to the level appropriate to his/her competency in providing information

related to basic herbology.

2) Provide accurate and factual information regarding basic herbology.

3) Refrain from recommending TCM herbs and/or formulas to his/her patients.

4) Make appropriate referrals when patient’s needs are better addressed in collaboration with/or

by other healthcare providers.

9. Performance Indicators – Advanced Herbology

The acupuncturist who performs advanced herbology activities must:

1) Restrict him/herself to the level appropriate to his/her competency in providing TCM

herbology services.

2) Comply with the safety requirements outlined in Appendix 3.

3) Have an acupuncturist-patient relationship with the patient prior to recommending

herbology services.

4) Obtain patients’ ongoing informed consent prior to recommending TCM herbology services.

The acupuncturist must also discuss any risks and/or contraindication, alternative treatment

options, including no treatment, with the patient.

5) Respect patients’ cultural and religious needs, and/or special dietary needs (e.g., vegetarian

diet) when recommending TCM herbology services.

6) Demonstrate and maintain competency in the diagnostic and therapeutic techniques related

to TCM herbology services.


7) Participate in professional development activities and remain current on the knowledge and

skills of TCM herbology.

8) Provide accurate, factual, and sufficient information to the patient, regarding the potential

benefits and risks of TCM herbology.

9) Review and document the patient’s use of medications when conducting consultation and

assessment.

10) Select, recommend, and combine herbs and/or formulas based on TCM diagnosis, treatment

plan, and patient’s use of medications, and make modifications based on the patient’s

physical, medical and health history as necessary.

11) Take into consideration all precautions and contraindications of the TCM herbs and/or

formulas recommended to the patient.

12) Provide a written recommendation to patients of the herbs and/or formulas including the

following information:

Prescribing raw herbs:

• Date

• Patient’s name

• Name of each herb included in the prescription

• Part of the herb (when relevant to avoid confusion)

• Method of preparation as appropriate (e.g., whole, powdered, granule, tincture)

• Form of processing (when relevant to avoid confusion)

• Preparation instruction

• Quantity/weight of each herb including measurement unit

• Number of packets or dosage as applicable

• Directions for use with clear instructions including the route, frequency, duration and

any special instructions.

• Acupuncturist’s name, address, signature, registration number, and contact telephone

number.

Prescribing granulated or powdered herbs:

• Above guidelines are applicable. However, there will be directives that may no longer

be relevant (e.g., preparation instruction)

• Name of the formula, weight, and dosage (when prescribing a formula extract)

• Weight of each herb, the total weight of the prescription and the dosage (when

prescribing single herb extracts or adding single herb extracts to formulas)

• Manufacturer of the herbs and/or formulas

• Batch number of the herbs and/or formulas

13) Provide instructions to patients with information related to:


• Expected factors or normal reactions related to the medication (e.g., unexpected taste,

likely aroma, common sensations that may be experienced after use)

• Possible adverse reactions, and specific guidance on what the patient is to do if

adverse effects are experienced

• When to stop taking the herbs and/or formulas (e.g., nausea, significant change in

bowel movements, having a menstrual period, in the event of pregnancy)

• What to do after completion of the medication (e.g., further consultation is required to

continue medication)

14) Document the herbs and/or formulas recommended in the patient record.

15) Make appropriate referrals when patient’s needs are better addressed in collaboration with/or

by other healthcare providers.

16) Monitor and document the patient’s response and adverse reactions.

17) Initiate emergency response measures as appropriate if a patient suffers any adverse reaction

to a treatment. Refer to physician or emergency care provider when necessary.

18) Re-evaluate patients’ conditions and responses when appropriate and adjust or discontinue

services that are no longer required or effective.

19) Encourage patients to consult with their healthcare providers about the interaction between

the medication prescribed by those healthcare providers and the herb and/or formulas

recommended.

20) Report adverse effects of natural health products to Health Canada and the supplier.


Appendix 1: Most Commonly Prescribed TCM Formulas

B

Ba Zhen Wan 八珍丸八珍丸

Ba Zheng San 八正散八正散

Bai Du San 敗毒散败毒散

Bai He Gu Jin Wan 百合固金丸百合固金丸

Bai Hu Tang 白虎湯白虎汤

Bao He Wan 保和丸保和丸

Bu Yang Huan Wu Tang 補陽還五湯补阳还五汤

Bu Zhong Yi Qi Wan 補中益氣丸补中益气丸

C

Cang Er Zi San 蒼耳子散苍耳子散

Chai Hu Shu Gan San 柴胡疏肝散柴胡疏肝散

E

Er Chen Wan 二陳丸二陈丸

F

Fang Ji Huang Qi Tang 防己黄芪汤防己黄芪汤

G

Gan Mai Da Zao Tang 甘麥大棗湯甘麦大枣汤

Gui Pi Wan 歸脾丸归脾丸

Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan 桂枝茯苓丸桂枝茯苓丸

Gui Zhi Tang 桂枝湯桂枝汤

H

Huang Lian Jie Du Tang 黃連解毒湯黄连解毒汤

Huo Xiang Zheng Qi Wan 藿香正氣丸藿香正气丸

J

Jia Wei Xiao Yao Wan 加味逍遙丸加味逍遥丸

Jing Fang Bai Du San 荊防敗毒散荆防败毒散

Juan Bi Tang 蠲痺湯蠲痹汤

L

Liu Wei Di Huang Wan 六味地黃丸六味地黄丸

Long Dan Xie Gan Wan 龍膽瀉肝丸龙胆泻肝丸

P

Ping Wei San 平胃散平胃散


Q

Qi Ju Di Huang Wan 杞菊地黄丸杞菊地黄丸

Qing Qi Hua Tan Wan 清氣化痰丸清气化痰丸

Qing Wei San 清胃散清胃散

S

Sang Ju Yin 桑菊飲桑菊饮

Shao Fu Zhu Yu Wan 少腹逐瘀丸少腹逐瘀丸

Shen Ling Bai Zhu San 參苓白術散参苓白术散

Shen Tong Zhu Yu Tang 身痛逐瘀湯身痛逐瘀汤

Sheng Mai San 生脈散生脉散

Shi Quan Da Bu Wan 十全大補丸十全大补丸

Si Jun Zi Tang 四君子湯四君子汤

Si Ni San 四逆散四逆散

Si Wu Tang 四物湯四物汤

Suan Zao Ren Tang 酸棗仁湯酸枣仁汤

T

Tao Hong Si Wu Tang 桃紅四物湯桃红四物汤

Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin 天麻鉤藤飲天麻钩藤饮

Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan 天王補心丹天王补心丹

W

Wen Dan Tang 溫膽湯温胆汤

Wen Jing Tang 溫經湯温经汤

Wu Ling San 五苓散五苓散

X

Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang 香砂六君子湯香砂六君子汤

Xiao Chai Hu Tang 小柴胡湯小柴胡汤

Xiao Feng San 消風散消风散

Xiao Jian Zhong Tang 小建中湯小建中汤

Xiao Yao Wan 逍遙丸逍遥丸

Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang 血府逐瘀湯血府逐瘀汤

Y

Yi Guan Jian 一貫煎一贯煎

Yin Qiao Jie Du Pian 銀翹解毒片银翘解毒片


Yu Ping Feng San 玉屏風散玉屏风散

Z

Zhi Bai Di Huang Wan 知柏地黃丸知柏地黄丸

Zuo Gui Wan 左歸丸左归丸

References

1. Flaws, B. (1999). 160 Essential Chinese Herbal Patent Medicines. Blue Poppy Pr.

2. Maclean, W. (2003). The Clinical Manual of Chinese Herbal Patent Medicines (2nd ed.).

Pangolin Press.

Source: The list of the most commonly prescribed TCM formulas is compiled from information

obtained from patent formula texts, Alberta acupuncture schools, and Herbal companies in

Canada.


Appendix 2: Entry-Level Occupational Competencies for the Practice of Advanced

Herbology in Alberta

1. Comply with legal requirements.

a) Apply to practice current, relevant federal and provincial / territorial legislation.

b) Apply to practice current requirements of regulatory body.

c) Apply to practice current, relevant requirements of municipal and other local

authorities.

2. Practice with professional integrity.

a) Practice within limits of expertise.

b) Remain current with developments in TCM herbology practice.

3. Apply knowledge of the properties and functions of TCM herbs in treatment planning.

a) Si qi (four properties)

b) Wu wei (five flavours)

c) Sheng jiang fu chen (ascending, descending, floating, sinking)

d) Gui jing (channel tropism)

e) Actions

f) Indications

g) Toxicity

h) Pao zhi (processing of herbs)

4. Apply knowledge of herbal formulating strategies.

a) Composition of formula

b) Modification of formula

c) Functions & classifications

d) Combinations & compatibility

e) Dosage form & methods of administration

f) Dosage

g) Potential adverse effects

h) Contraindications & precautions

5. Apply knowledge of the herb interactions in treatment planning, including:

a) Herb - drug interactions.

b) Herb - herb interactions.

c) Herb - food interactions.

d) Herb - natural health product interactions.

6. Relate biomedical diagnostic and treatment approaches to TCM practice.

a) Diagnosis and treatment methods

b) Pharmacology

7. Establish treatment plan based on diagnosis.

a) Devise applicable TCM herbal formula.

b) Devise appropriate course of herbal treatment.

8. Implement herbal treatment plan.

a) Instruct patients on accessing TCM herbal formula.

b) Instruct patients on administration of TCM herbal formula.

9. Maintain herbal inventory.

a) Identify appropriate supply for herbs.


b) Assess quality of herbs with reference to:

▪ Packaging

▪ Labeling

▪ Physical properties

▪ Available quality assurance information

c) Store herbs in appropriate conditions, including:

▪ Environment

▪ Security

▪ Monitoring

d) Maintain records with respect to inventory.

10. Prepare and dispense TCM formulas.

a) Verify formula information is clear, complete and accurate.

b) Verify availability of components and confirm substitution if required.

c) Confirm identity of components.

d) Compound formula.

e) Apply packaging.

f) Apply labeling.

g) Provide instructions for storage and use.

h) Maintain dispensing records.

11. Evaluate patient risk profile.

a) Determine the level of risk relative to TCM herbal treatment.

12. Manage risks to patients.

a) Include safety precautions in herbal treatment plan.

b) Manage adverse reactions and accidents resulting from treatment.

c) Respond appropriately to medical emergencies.

13. Ensure that equipment is safe and functional.

a) Select equipment that enhances patient safety.

b) Maintain equipment in good working order.

c) Clean equipment regularly and disinfect as appropriate.


Appendix 3: Safety Requirements for Herbology

1. Requirements for Naming Herbs

In general, the name of the herb may initially be written in Chinese characters or in Chinese

using Pinyin but it is required that the botanical or Latin medicinal name will also be provided.

The guiding principle is that information be communicated in an effective and understandable

way so that patient safety is best ensured.

The use of the botanical name or the Latin medicinal name is required but may not be sufficient

for all situations. The Chinese characters (traditional or simplified) or Chinese using Pinyin name

should always be provided along with botanical name or the Latinate medicinal name in order to

meet the safety requirement. Care should be taken to accurately specify the herb required. In

cases where a number of species may share the same Chinese name, specific nomenclature is

needed to provide clarity. It is not sufficient to use only an English name if that could lead to

confusion.

To assist practitioners, Appendix 4 contains a reference table with Chinese, Pinyin, botanical

name and Latin medicinal name.

2. Contraindications and Precautions for Herbology

Herbs and/or formulas are contraindicated or used with great caution in specific situations. These

situations include but are not limited to:

• Patient is taking many different drugs

• After using herbs, liver-function test indicates abnormality

• Symptoms of liver or renal failure are clearly evident or patients are on medications to

treat the condition (cautionary use may be appropriate)

• Patient has suffered allergic reaction to herbs in the past

• During the first three months of pregnancy (used with great caution)

• Babies under one year of age (used with great caution).

3. Dosage and Toxicity

Health Canada has developed a monograph1 for TCM ingredients to serve as a guide to industry

for the preparation of Product Licence Applications (PLAs) and labels for natural health product

market authorization. The monograph excluded a number of herbs due to safety concerns.

Although the monograph is not intended for individual practitioners, the safety concern is still

valid. As such, acupuncturists are not permitted to recommend the following herbs (note that this

list is not all-inclusive):

1 Health Canada, H. (2007, May 08). Traditional Chinese Medicine Ingredients (TCMI). Retrieved November 19, 2020, from http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq.do?atid=tcm


• Chuan Wu (Aconitum carmichaelii) Radix Aconiti

• Ma Dou Ling (Aristolochia contorta) Fructus Aristolochiae

• Ma Dou Ling (Aristolochia debilis) Fructus Aristolochiae

• Tian Xian Teng (Aristolochia contorta) Herba Aristolochiae

• Tian Xian Teng (Aristolochia debilis) Herba Aristolochiae

• Qing Mu Xiang (Aristolochia contorta) RadixAristolochiae

• Qing Mu Xiang (Aristolochia debilis) RadixAristolochiae

• Guang Fang Ji (Aristolochia fangchi) Radix Aristolochiae Fangchi

• Da Ye Ma Dou Ling (Aristolochia kaempferi) Caulis Aristolochiae Kaempferi

• Guan Mu Tong (Aristolochia manshuriensis) Caulis Aristolochiae Manshuriensis

• Xun Gu Feng (Aristolochia mollissima) Herba Aristolochiae Mollissimae

• Huai Tong Ma Dou Ling (Aristolochia moupinensis) Caulis Aristolochiae Moupinensis

• Xiong Huang (Arsenic sulfide) Realgar

• Bai Fan (Aluminum potassium sulfate) Alumen

• Ba Dou (Croton tiglium) Fructus Crotoni

• Qi She (Deinagkistrodon acutus) Agkistrodon

• Mian Ma Guan Zhong (Dryopteris crassirhizoma) Rhizoma Dryopteridis

• Qian Dan (Lead tetroxide) Minium

• Ku Lian Pi (Melia azedarach) Cortex Meliae

• Qing Fen (Mercurous chloride) Calomelas

• Zhu Sha (Mercuric sulphide) Cinnabaris

• Shan Dou Gen (Sophora tonkinensis) Radix et Rhizoma Sophorae Tonkinensis

• Shan Dou Gen (Sophora flavescens) Radix et Rhizoma Sophorae Tonkinensis

Some herbs, if the dosage is too large, or if used for too long a time, may cause harm to the

patient’s kidney, liver, heart, stomach, or nervous system. The list that follows includes some of

the herbs that require careful attention to dosage and toxicity.

• Ma Huang, Ephedra, (Herba Ephedra)

• Tian Hua Fen (Trichosanthes Root) Radix Trichosanthis

• Fen Fang Ji (Stephania Root) Radix Stephaniae Tetandrae

• Xi Xin, Asarum, (Herba Asari)

• Chuan Mu Tong (Clematis Armandi Stem) Caulis Clematidis Armandii

• Fu Zi (Aconitum) Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata

• Zao Jiao (or Zao Jia) (Gleditsia Fruit) Fructus Gleditsiae Sinensis

• Ting Li Zi (Lepidium Seed) Semen Descurainiae Seu Lepidii

• Bai Guo (Ginkgo Seed) Semen Ginko

Aside from dosage, another important consideration is the number of days that the herbal

formula may be prescribed.

Duration of the recommendation will be influenced by many factors including the patient’s

condition, experience and understanding of herbal medications, and severity of symptoms. A

treatment course of longer than one (1) week should be limited to situations where the


practitioner is very familiar with patient’s history and condition, and is knowledgeable about the

formula to know that it can be taken for a longer duration without risk of adverse effects.

4. Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate

The Natural Health Products Regulation (SOR/2003-196) governs the sale, manufacture,

packaging, labelling, importation, distribution and storage of natural health products in Canada.

The regulation ensures Canadians have access to natural health products that are safe, efficacious

and of high quality. Although the regulation does not directly regulate the practice of

acupuncture and herbology, acupuncturists must comply with the regulation insofar as it may

relate to their professional practice. For example, if an acupuncturist sells natural health products

to patients, it would be necessary to ensure that a product license has been issued for such

products, unless an exemption applies.

5. Banned or Restricted Herbs

Acupuncturists who recommend herbs and/or formulas must be fully aware of TCM herbs and

formulas that are banned or restricted, or herbs that have requirements due to their derivation

from endangered animals or plants.

Requirements for the importation of raw herbs is under the jurisdiction of Health Canada’s Food

Directorate and Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and

Flora (CITES). Environment Canada is the lead agency responsible for implementing CITES on

behalf of the federal government. The governing act is the Wild Animal and Plant Protection and

Regulation of International and Interprovincial Trade Act (WAPPRIITA).

Acupuncturists who operate their own herbal dispensaries and use raw herbs need to be vigilant

and aware of serious safety and legal issues related to agriculture and quality control, and use a

reliable distributor. Acupuncturists who recommend herbs and/or formulas must be fully aware

of the restrictions and requirements related to the importation or use of specific animal or plant

parts or derivatives based on the classifications identified under CITES. An electronic copy of

the brochure Animal and Plant Ingredients in Traditional Medicine can be found in Appendix 5.


Appendix 4: Index of Materia Medica (Pin-yin, Chinese and Botanical or Pharmaceutical

Name)

Name list of Materia Medica (listed by the alphabetical order of pin-yin name)

A

Ai Ye 艾葉艾叶 Folium Artemisiae Argyi

B

Ba Ji Tian 巴戟天巴戟天 Radix Morindae Officinalis

Bai Bian Dou 白扁豆白扁豆 Semen Dolichoris Album

Bai Bu 百部百部 Radix Stemonae

Bai Dou Kou 白豆蔻白豆蔻 Fructus Amomi Rotundus

Bai Fu Zi 白附子白附子 Rhizoma Typhonii

Bai Guo 白果白果 Semen Ginkgo

Bai He 百合百合 Bulbus Lilli

Bai Hua She She Cao 白花蛇舌草白花蛇舌草 Herba Hedyotis Diffusae

Bai Ji 白芨白芨 Rhizoma Bletillae

Bai Ji Li/Ci Ji Li 白蒺藜/刺蒺

藜

白蒺藜/刺蒺

藜

Fructus Tribuli

Bai Jiang Cao 敗醬草败酱草 Herba Patriniae

Bai Jie Zi 白芥子白芥子 Semen Sinapis Albae

Bai Mao Gen 白茅根白茅根 Rhizoma Imperatae

Bai Qian 白前白前 Rhizoma Cynanchi Stauntonii

Bai Shao 白芍白芍 Radix Paeoniae Alba

Bai Tou Weng 白頭翁白头翁 Radix Pulsatillae

Bai Wei 白薇白薇 Radix Cynanchi Atrati

Bai Xian Pi 白蘚皮白藓皮 Cortex Dictamni Radicis

Bai Zhi 白芷白芷 Radix Angelicae Dahuricae

Bai Zhu 白朮白术 Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae

Ban Lan Gen 板藍根板蓝根 Radix Isatidis

Ban Mao 班蟊班蟊 Mylabris


Ban Xia 半夏半夏 Rhizoma Pinelliae

Bei Xie 萆薢萆薢 Rhizoma Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae

Bian Xu 萹蓄萹蓄 Herba Polygoni Avicularis

Bie Jia 鱉甲鳖甲 Carapax Trionycis

Bin Lang 檳榔槟榔 Semen Arecae

Bing Pian 冰片冰片 Borneolum Syntheticum

Bo He 薄荷薄荷 Herba Menthae

Bo/Bai Zi Ren 柏子仁柏子仁 Semen Biotae

Bu Gu Zhi 補骨脂补骨脂 Fructus Psoraleae

C

Can Sha 蠶砂蚕砂 Faeces Bombycis

Cang Er Zi 蒼耳子苍耳子 Fructus Xanthii

Cang Zhu 蒼朮苍术 Rhizoma Atractylodis

Cao Dou Kou 草豆蔻草豆蔻 Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai

Cao Guo 草果草果 Fructus Tsaoko

Ce Bo Ye 側柏葉侧柏叶 Cacumen Biotae

Chai Hu 柴胡柴胡 Radix Bupleuri

Chan Tui 蟬蛻蝉蜕 Periostracum Cicadae

Che Qian Zi 車前子车前子 Semen Plantaginis

Chen Xiang 沈香沉香 Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum

Chi Shao Yao 赤芍藥赤芍药 Radix Paeoniae Rubra

Chi Shi Zhi 赤石脂赤石脂 Halloysitum Rubrum

Chi Xiao Dou 赤小豆赤小豆 Semen Phaseoli

Chuan Bei Mu 川貝母川贝母 Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae

Chuan Lian Zi 川楝子川楝子 Fructus Meliae Toosendan

Chuan Xiong 川芎川芎 Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong

Ci Shi 磁石磁石 Magnetitum

D

Da Fu Pi 大腹皮大腹皮 Pericarpium Arecae

Da Huang 大黃大黄 Radix et Rhizoma Rhei


Da Ji 大戟大戟 Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis

Da Jing 大薊大蓟 Radix Cirsii Japonici

Da Qing Ye 大青葉大青叶 Folium Isatidis

Da Zao 大棗大枣 Fructus Ziziphi Jujibae

Dai Zhe Shi 代赭石代赭石 Haematitum

Dan Dou Shi/Chi 淡豆豉淡豆豉 Semen Sojae Praeparatum

Dan Shen 丹參丹参 Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae

Dan Zhu Ye 淡竹葉淡竹叶 Herba Lophatheri

Dang Gui 當歸当归 Radix Angelicae Sinensis

Dang Shen 黨參党参 Radix Condonopsis Pilosulae

Di Fu Zi 地膚子地肤子 Fructus Kochiae

Di Gu Pi 地骨皮地骨皮 Cortex Lycii Radicis

Di Long 地龍地龙 Lumbricus

Di Yu 地榆地榆 Radix Sanguisorbae

Ding Xiang 丁香丁香 Flos Caryophylli

Dong Chong Xia Cao 冬蟲夏草冬虫夏草 Cordyceps

Dong Gua Pi 冬瓜皮冬瓜皮 Exocarpium Benincasae

Du Huo 獨活独活 Radix Angelicae Pubescentis

Du Zhong 杜仲杜仲 Cortex Eucommiae

E

E Jiao 阿膠阿胶 Colla Corii Asini

E Zhu 莪朮莪术 Rhizoma Zedoariae

F

Fan Xie Ye 番瀉葉番泻叶 Folium Sennae

Fang Feng 防風防风 Radix Ledebouriellae

Fen Fang Ji 粉防己粉防己 Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae

Feng Mi 蜂蜜蜂蜜 Mel

Fo Shou 佛手佛手 Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis

Fu Ling 茯苓茯苓 Poria


Fu Pen Zi 覆盆子覆盆子 Fructus Rubi

Fu Xiao Mai 浮小麥浮小麦 Fructus Tritici Levis

Fu Zi 附子附子 Radix Aconiti Praeparata

G

Gan Cao 甘草甘草 Radix Glycyrrhizae

Gan Jiang 乾薑干姜 Rhizoma Zingiberis

Gan Sui 甘遂甘遂 Radix Euphorbiae Kansui

Gao Ben 藳本藳本 Rhizoma Ligustici

Gao Liang Jiang 高良薑高良姜 Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum

Ge Gen 葛根葛根 Radix Puerariae

Ge Jie 蛤蚧蛤蚧 Gecko

Gou Ji 狗脊狗脊 Rhizoma Cibotii

Gou Qi Zi 枸杞子枸杞子 Fructus Lycii

Gou Teng 鉤藤钩藤 Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis

Gu Sui Bu 骨碎補骨碎补 Rhizoma Drynariae

Gua Lou 瓜蔞瓜蒌 Fructus Trichosanthis

Guang Fang Ji 廣防己广防己 Radix Aristolochiae Fangchi

Gui Ban 龜板龟板 Plastrum Testudinis

Gui Zhi 桂枝桂枝 Ramulus Cinnamomi

H

Hai Er Cha 孩兒茶孩儿茶 Catechu

Hai Fu Shi 海浮石海浮石 Pumex

Hai Ge Ke 海蛤殼海蛤壳 Concha Cyclinae

Hai Jin Sha 海金沙海金沙 Spora Lygodii

Hai Zao 海藻海藻 Sargassum

Han Lian Cao 旱蓮草旱莲草 Herba Ecliptae

He Huan Pi 合歡皮合欢皮 Cortex Albizziae

He Shou Wu 何首烏何首乌 Radix Polygoni Multiflori

He Zi 訶子诃子 Fructus Chebulae

Hei Zhi Ma 黑芝麻黑芝麻 Semen Sesami Nigrum


Hong Hua 紅花红花 Flos Carthami

Hong Teng 紅藤红藤 Caulis Sargentodoxae

Hou Po 厚朴厚朴 Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis

Hu Huang Lian 胡黃連胡黄连 Rhizoma Picrorhizae

Hu Jiao 胡椒胡椒 Fructus Piperis Nigri

Hu Po 琥珀琥珀 Succinum

Hu Tao Rou 胡桃肉胡桃肉 Semen Juglandis

Hua Jiao 花椒花椒 Pericarpium Zanthoxyli

Hua Shi 滑石滑石 Talcum

Huai Hua 槐花槐花 Flos Sophorae

Huang Bo/Bai 黃柏黄柏 Cortex Phellodendri

Huang Jing 黃精黄精 Rhizoma Polygonati

Huang Lian 黃連黄连 Rhizoma Coptidis

Huang Qi 黃耆黄耆 Radix Astragali seu Hedysari

Huang Qin 黃芩黄芩 Radix Scutellariae

Huo Ma Ren 火麻仁火麻仁 Fructus Cannabis

Huo Xiang 藿香藿香 Herba Pogostemonis

J

Ji Nei Jin 雞內金鸡内金 Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli

Ji Xue Teng 雞血藤鸡血藤 Caulis Spatholobi

Jiang Can 僵蠶僵蚕 Bombyx Batryticatus

Jiang Huang 薑黃姜黄 Rhizoma Curcumae Longae

Jiang Xiang 降香降香 Lignum Dalbergiae Odoriferae

Jie Geng 桔梗桔梗 Radix Platycodi

Jin Qian Cao 金錢草金钱草 Herba Lysimachiae

Jin Yin Hua 金銀花金银花 Flos Lonicerae

Jin Ying Zi 金櫻子金樱子 Fructus Rosae Laevigatae

Jing Jie 荊芥荆芥 Herba Schizonepetae

Ju Hua 菊花菊花 Flos Chrysanthemi


Ju Pi/Chen Pi 橘皮/陳皮橘皮/陈皮 Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae

Jue Ming Zi 決明子决明子 Semen Cassiae

K

Ku Lian Pi 苦楝皮苦楝皮 Cortex Meliae

Ku Shen 苦參苦参 Radix Sophorae Flavescentis

Kuan Dong Hua 款冬花款冬花 Flos Farfarae

Kun Bu 昆布昆布 Thallus Laminariae Eckloniae

L

Lai Fu Zi 萊菔子莱菔子 Semen Raphani

Li Zhi He 荔枝核荔枝核 Semen Litchi

Lian Qiao 連翹连翘 Fructus Forsythiae

Lian Zi 蓮子莲子 Semen Nelumbinis

Liu Huang 硫黃硫黄 Sulfur

Liu Ji Nu 劉寄奴刘寄奴 Herba Artemisiae Anomalae

Long Dan Cao 龍膽草龙胆草 Radix Gentianae

Long Gu 龍骨龙骨 Os Draconis

Long Yan Rou 龍眼肉龙眼肉 Arillus Longan

Lu Feng Fang 露蜂房露蜂房 Nidus Vespae

Lu Gan Shi 爐甘石炉甘石 Calamina

Lu Gen 蘆根芦根 Rhizoma Phargmitis

Lu Hui 蘆薈芦荟 Aloe

Lu Rong 鹿茸鹿茸 Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum

M

Ma Dou Ling 馬兜鈴马兜铃 Fructus Aristolochiae

Ma Huang 麻黃麻黄 Herba Ephedrae

Ma Huang Gen 麻黃根麻黄根 Radix Ephedrae

Ma Qian Zi 馬錢子马钱子 Semen Strychni

Mai Men Dong 麥門冬麦门冬 Radix Ophiopogonis

Mai Ya 麥芽麦芽 Fructus Hordei Germinatus

Man Jing Zi 蔓荊子蔓荆子 Fructus Viticis


Mang Xiao 芒硝芒硝 Natrii Sulfas

Meng Chong 牤蟲牤虫 Tabanus

Ming Fan 明礬明矾 Alumen

Mo Yao 沒藥没药 Myrrha

Mu Dan Pi 牡丹皮牡丹皮 Cortex Moutan Radicis

Mu Gua 木瓜木瓜 Fructus Chaenomelis

Mu Li 牡蠣牡蛎 Concha Ostreae

Mu Tong 木通木通 Caulis Akebiae

Mu Xiang 木香木香 Radix Aucklandiae

N

Nan Gua Zi 南瓜子南瓜子 Semen Cucurbitae

Niu Bang Zi 牛蒡子牛蒡子 Fructus Arctii

Niu Xi 牛膝牛膝 Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae

Nu Zhen Zi 女貞子女贞子 Fructus Ligustri Lucidi

O

Ou Jie 藕节藕節 Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis

P

Pei Lan 佩蘭佩兰 Herba Eupatorii

Pi Pa Ye 枇杷葉枇杷叶 Folium Eruobotryae

Pu Gong Ying 蒲公英蒲公英 Herba Taraxaci

Pu Huang 蒲黃蒲黄 Pollen Typhae

Q

Qian Cao 茜草茜草 Radix Rubiae

Qian Hu 前胡前胡 Radix Peucedani

Qian Shi 芡實芡实 Semen Euryales

Qiang Huo 羌活羌活 Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii

Qin Jiao 秦艽秦艽 Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae

Qin Pi 秦皮秦皮 Cortex Fraxini

Qing Dai 青黛青黛 Indigo Naturalis

Qing Hao 青蒿青蒿 Herba Artemisiae Annuae


Qing Pi 青皮青皮 Pericarppium Citri Reticulatae Viride

Qu Mai 瞿麥瞿麦 Herba Dianthi

Quan Xie 全蠍全蝎 Scorpio

R

Ren Shen 人參人参 Radix Ginseng

Rou Cong Rong 肉蓯蓉肉苁蓉 Herba Cistanches

Rou Dou Kou 肉豆蔻肉豆蔻 Semen Myristicae

Rou Gui 肉桂肉桂 Cortex Cinnamomi

Ru Xiang 乳香乳香 Olibanum

S

San Leng 三棱三棱 Rhizoma Sparganii

San Qi 三七三七 Radix Notoginseng

Sang Bai Pi 桑白皮桑白皮 Cortex Mori Radicis

Sang Ji Sheng 桑寄生桑寄生 Ramulus Taxilli

Sang Piao Xiao 桑螵蛸桑螵蛸 Ootheca Mantidis

Sang Shen 桑椹桑椹 Fructus Mori

Sang Ye 桑葉桑叶 Folium Mori

Sang Zhi 桑枝桑枝 Ramulus Mori

Sha Ren 砂仁砂仁 Fructus Amomi

Sha Shen 沙參沙参 Radix Glehniae

Sha Yuan Zi/Tong Ji Li 沙苑子/潼蒺

藜

沙苑子/潼蒺

藜

Semen Astragali Complanati

Shan Yao 山藥山药 Rhizoma Dioscoreae

Shan Zha 山楂山楂 Fructus Crataegi

Shan Zhu Yu 山茱萸山茱萸 Fructus Corni

She Chuang Zi 蛇床子蛇床子 Fructus Cnidii

She Gan / Ye Gan 射干射干 Rhizoma Belamcandae

Shen Qu 神麴神麴 Massa Medicara Fermentata

Sheng Di Huang 生地黃生地黄 Radix Rehmanniae


Sheng Jiang 生薑生姜 Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens

Sheng Ma 升麻升麻 Rhizoma Cimicifugae

Shi Chang Pu 石菖蒲石菖蒲 Rhizoma Acori Graminei

Shi Di 柿蒂柿蒂 Calyx Kaki

Shi Gao 石膏石膏 Gypsum Fibrosum

Shi Hu 石斛石斛 Herba Dendrobii

Shi Jue Ming 石決明石决明 Concha Haliotidis

Shi Jun Zi 使君子使君子 Fructus Quisqualis

Shi Liu Pi 石榴皮石榴皮 Pericarpium Granati

Shi Wei 石葦石苇 Folium Pyrrosiae

Shu Di Huang 熟地黃熟地黄 Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata

Shui Zhi 水蛭水蛭 Hirudo

Si Gua Luo 絲瓜絡丝瓜络 Vascularis Luffae Fasciculus

Su Mu 蘇木苏木 Ligum Sappan

Su Zi 蘇子苏子 Fructus Perillae

Suan Zao Ren 酸棗仁酸枣仁 Semen Ziziphi Spinosae

Suo Yang 鎖陽锁阳 Herba Cynomorii

T

Tai Zi Shen 太子參太子参 Radix Pseudostellariae

Tan Xiang 檀香檀香 Lignum Santali Albi

Tao Ren 桃仁桃仁 Semen Persicae

Tian Hua Fen 天花粉天花粉 Radix Trichosanthis

Tian Ma 天麻天麻 Rhizoma Gastrodiae

Tian Men Dong 天門冬天门冬 Radix Asparagi

Tian Nan Xing 天南星天南星 Rhizoma Arisaematis

Ting Li Zi 葶藶子葶苈子 Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae

Tong Cao 通草通草 Medulla Tetrapanacis

Tu Si Zi 菟蕬子菟蕬子 Semen Cuscutae

W

Wa Leng Zi 瓦楞子瓦楞子 Concha Arcae


Wang Bu Liu Xing 王不留行王不留行 Semen Vaccariae

Wei Ling Xian 威靈仙威灵仙 Radix Clematidis

Wu Bei Zi 五倍子五倍子 Galla Chinensis

Wu Gong 蜈蚣蜈蚣 Scolopendra

Wu Jia Pi 五加皮五加皮 Cortex Acanthopanacis Radicis

Wu Ling Zhi 五靈脂五灵脂 Faeces Trogopterori

Wu Mei 烏梅乌梅 Fructus Mume

Wu Wei Zi 五味子五味子 Fructus Schisandrae

Wu Yao 烏藥乌药 Radix Linderae

Wu Zei Gu/Hai Piao Xiao

烏賊骨/海螵

蛸

乌贼骨/海螵

蛸

Os Sepiellae seu Sepiae

Wu Zhu Yu 吳茱萸吴茱萸 Fructus Evodiae

X

Xi Xin 細辛细辛 Herba Asari

Xi Yang Shen 西洋參西洋参 Radix Panacis Quinquefolii

Xia Ku Cao 夏枯草夏枯草 Spica Prunellae

Xian He Cao 仙鶴草仙鹤草 Herba Agrimoniae

Xian Mao 仙茅仙茅 Rhizoma Curculiginis

Xiang Fu 香附香附 Rhizoma Cyperi

Xiang Ru 香薷香薷 Herba Elsholtziae seu Moslae

Xiao Hui Xiang 小茴香小茴香 Frictus Foeniculi

Xiao Ji 小薊小蓟 Herba Cephalanoplos

Xie Bai 薤白薤白 Bulbus Allii Macrostemi

Xie/Xue Jie 血竭血竭 Resina Draconis

Xin Yi 辛夷辛夷 Flos Magnoliae

Xing Ren 杏仁杏仁 Semen Armeniacae Amarum

Xiong Huang 雄黃雄黄 Realgar

Xu Duan 續斷续断 Radix Dipsaci

Xuan Fu Hua 旋覆花旋覆花 Flos Inulae


Xuan Shen 玄參玄参 Radix Scrophulari

Xue Yu Tan 血餘炭血余炭 Crinis Carbonisatus

Y

Yan Hu Suo 延胡索延胡索 Rhizoma Corydalis

Ye Jiao Teng 夜交藤夜交藤 Caulis Polygoni Multiflori

Yi Mu Cao 益母草益母草 Herba Leonuri

Yi Yi Ren 薏苡仁薏苡仁 Semen Coicis

Yi Zhi Ren 益智仁益智仁 Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae

Yin Chai Hu 銀柴胡银柴胡 Radix Stellariae

Yin Chen Hao 茵陳蒿茵陈蒿 Herba Artemisiae Scopariae

Yin Yang Huo 淫羊藿淫羊藿 Herba Epimedii

Yu Jin 郁金郁金 Radix Curcumae

Yu Li Ren 郁李仁郁李仁 Semen Pruni

Yu Mi Xu 玉米鬚玉米须 Stigma Maydis

Yu Xing Cao 魚腥草鱼腥草 Herba Houttuyniae

Yu Zhu 玉竹玉竹 Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati

Yuan Hua 芫花芫花 Flos Genkwa

Yuan Zhi 遠志远志 Radix Polygalae

Z

Zao Jiao Ci 皂角刺皂角刺 Spina Gleditsiae

Ze Lan 澤蘭泽兰 Herba Lycopi

Ze Xie 澤瀉泽泻 Rhizoma Alismatis

Zhe Bei Mu 浙貝母浙贝母 Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii

Zhe Chong/ Ji Di Bie 蟅蟲蟅虫 Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga

Zhen Zhu Mu 珍珠母珍珠母 Concha Margartifera Usta

Zhi Ke 枳殼枳壳 Fructus Aurantii

Zhi Mu 知母知母 Rhizoma Anemarrhenae

Zhi Shi 枳實枳实 Fructus Aurantii Immaturus

Zhi Zi 梔子栀子 Fructus Gardeniae

Zhu Ling 豬苓猪苓 Polyporus Umbellatus


Zhu Ru 竹茹竹茹 Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam

Zi Cao 紫草紫草 Radix Arnebiae seu Lithospermi

Zi Hua Di Ding 紫花地丁紫花地丁 Herba Violae

Zi Su Ye 紫蘇葉紫苏叶 Folium Perillae

Zi Wan 紫菀紫菀 Radix Asteris

Zong Lu Tan/ Pi 棕櫚炭棕榈炭 Traachycarpi Carbonisatus


Appendix 5: Animal and Plant Ingredients in Traditional Medicine (Environment Canada,

2011)

standards of practice for herbology

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