STATE OF PLAY -NEGOTIATIONS TOWARDS PARISBY MEENA RAMAN,THIRD WORLD NETWORK

What is Paris agreement about?

• Applicable to all Parties – under the Convention – what does that mean?

• To come into effect post 2020

• Durban Platform to enhance action

Flash points/divergences Differentiation –

Current situation in the Climate Change Convention- common but differentiated responsibilities – developed and developing countries;

annex 1 and non-annex 1; annex 2 and non-annex 2 – based on historical responsibility

Developed countries:

No developed vs developing countries dichotomy- but new annex X (replace annex 1): based on criteria related to evolving emissions and economic trends to be updated – “evolving responsibilities”; “countries in a position to do so”; “major economies”; annex Y (replace Annex 2) based on criteria related to capability and evolving economic trends

US and other Umbrella group: Self-differentiation: according to national circumstances

mitigationLong-term goal: some options -Temperature target: 1.5 and 2 deg CNet zero emissionsBased on carbon budget to be distributed according to

principles: historical responsibility; capabilities; state of development; ecological footprint

Commitments/contributions – Developed country paradigm: no differentiation;

INDCs/DCs – bottom-up approach; nationally determined – economy-wide reductions for major economies (depending on national circumstances); for others -- other economy wide actions and sector targets but LDCs and SIDs can do actions in own way

Push for new market mechanisms; land-use sector

Mitigation • Developing country paradigm: • Follow the Convention provisions: Article 4differentiated – quantified economy wide targets for

developed countries; developed countries take the lead; aggregate targets for them

developing countries – diversity of actions – enabled and supported with finance and technology transfer

Developing countries extent of mitigation depends on level of finance

some developing countries supporting market mechanisms

Ex-ante review- to be or not to be• From bottom-up – how to assess and adjust before

finalising targets?

• How to ensure equity and fairshares approach?

• Flashpoint – is there a differentiated approach between developed and developing countries

• Fears – who will bear gap in ambition?

• Ex-ante review of finance, technology transfer and capacity building?

• Will adjustment take place – existing experiences eg. Kyoto experience

adaptation• Mainly about finance

• Link to mitigation goal?

• Adaptation for all? All parties – so less responsibility

Loss and damage –

• New pillar vs none

• Part of legally binding agreement or package of Paris?

finance• Numerical targets vs no targets and numbers

• No numbers or no roadmap – developed countries

• Not just a responsibility of developed countries – evolving responsibilities – countries in a position to do so

• Developed countries position – collective responsibility to mobilise climate finance; need for support may change

• Limit finance to LDCs and SIDs

• Private sector role and enabling environment for investments

Technology

• Is it transfer of technology or commercial venture?

• Intellectual property rights – address and not to address

• Technology assessment

Legal form• Options: new protocol – enhancing implementation of

Convention or changing obligations

Amendments to Convention

COP decisions

• Form follows content

• Core agreement vs Paris package

Issues around process

• Transparency

• No Copenhagen • No secret texts

• Inclusive and representative

• Text based negotiations which are party driven

• No to divide and rule

Pre-2020 commitments• Post 2020 focus to shift focus

• Implementation gap – Mitigation commitments – Kyoto 2nd

commitment period; assessing developed country mitigation

Finance – GCF – reach US100 billion by 2020

Technology transfer