Wd0 t h ( ~ b ~ l b 6 ) ~ ( ~ 1 ~ l m ) ~ d ( ~ @ i ~ 6 3 ~ 1 &J61)6~&0l~lb

acul c n m l ~ m @ s g . sStlrW(~Id m~eprnxu @mslcn'obobo am(m&

ambald c @ c n m m d a h b dtbibdanxib a w l & ~ t b b ~ a u dm1

( /c8cosagq,cuw warn ,LL~DL~-G 0630 gr~~nffmm ?wcsac9@gs#m o9rq,z?rz

03 reclsplo?csaluc@

rnrscru3~aopqt!~a ; w30 ld0flcuFmrn

-?fl,pW@ pa pcqscvwpcs -gg~ww p0(9 + me rn

pucas Pu((a3,p?S0@?q,~@,

a a o l a m d aal&a3~?813& mid aa3dq m a r n o l l m p l , 0 m m

d~kJ& (n~(19m38116)~~bBXb) * ~ ( u F l ~ ~ 0 ~ 0 1 d ~ 3 6 , ~ mWgr)flld * 0 W b

rulnb mmo d' lmgh c,lIqloo9 Bd)om@hps 1183~rn~rn3(nQd)habIi?J0 m w

an&& , rnw,coba&, nxuo\mesa& m b n w c r m n @ 3 a b q . Q@K%PI)

a o n p ~ h ~ o l a a a l b b s l ~ l ~ s d m r n m gahhmknwc~ rnluoldc~bo.

mlmnruil a 41566832% mg a 1 ~ m r n @ ~ q O J l m G s b q . m m w g s l r n b o d e l

I d i ~ ~ c e ~ ? s b b a ~ & , . acuFl'kJafiknrnlmp81&dd~ al~bm) aarncnmmg

'khUlfkS3and 6 ) n J & f 3 & 3 ~ 1 6 ~ & 3 ~ ~QN7IVl ' Q @ ( u ~ c B ~ ~ w ) ~ .

acu'kroa m u . a ~ & a a @ M mliq,, r u m b a s m q , .

mlmmui) a&ew&@7nb mg mlo&.~hl&bq,. m m m w s r m @ m w

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m d d a p b .

ru~a'anltaws sdnbrnrummarlab o a m an a9mmw ~J#DJ

rnpJbcllmmet& ( death instincts )sh~~(~0)l8l& ( l i fe 2 2

instincts o r erotic instincts 1. mmmal(aokdo ml&aa,

aIea&& vd3o7anhIcerw rnsd6oa-d mpa(umm c @ m r l d r J w ~ d ~

shim ~ ~ f 3 ~ ~ ) & m l ~ m l ~ & m ~ e"nrbcom1 e m b ~ 3 a b q .

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erwammg nr~cudrnbc~a. rnmm%leJm&anIN w l r p l m r n ~ m g 0mwesl

0367$( f e a r of death ) f3%lIk(llUS!l 0)0(rnBJm{ 0(~b)~~1d0%6&

mudno. mmm~fuo lBSnw& w m d 0 & r u & ~ n b 0 a m m ( w i l l )

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annbo&asKsg asmaJrommmcmb, e mcwule~amr4D"ap sal~ em&m)661sg.

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eabcea. dam& am& n~&aa~ @aWa~b&fn @dbmma~38& ~ag.

. . . - . . . rnrnd)mJa& d0m~abo ~ J Q I so illflp~xule w 0mlsl a w l ~ 0 3 a r s"hr?ctncosi)sl@s @2% n.~mma~@oboboa~

2 6 mmmuf'ankdota wl au0~0wl rn'kbcdia~aob' .

~ d S n r ~ m r m l a ~ ~ s m l a a & m 63Wm3 rommmwl

hnrl a q q . ammuhobo aum3oa~ n r % ~ q m , m p l , a m a l d d (npsl

flabdo m & d w m 0m0 4m9 db&& aWu'ktP&mbm m'kD3uas

2 . 'It has been maintained in many quarters that: there is a s p e c i a l innate and not f u r t h e r analysable "herd i n s t i n c t ' which determines t h e social behaviour of

human beings and impals individuals to cane together in to larger cannmnitiea C

Sigmund F m d - Collected Papers - Vol. V

Edited by James Strachey. p. 134.

1 8 'These f a c t s could be m e t by drawing a contrast between the sexual ins t inc t and ego i n s t i n c t

( ins t inc t of self preservation), which was in time with the popular saying that hunger and l w e are what mske the world go round; l i b i d o was the

mani fes ta t ion of t h e f o r c e of l o w in the same

sense as was hunper of t h e s e l f - pre se rva t i ve

i n s t i n c t :

Sigmund Freud - Collec ted Papers - Vol. V.

Ed i t ed by James Strachey. p. 131.

2 0. ' d m ord, axRnm~&l adh8seawohm3(0bs,s slnbdlmb, C&l cmdsruld m&uYdum~co3cndcmlm&

22. 'The e r o t i c instincts and t h e death i n s t i n c t s would

be p re sen t in l i v i n g beings i n r e g u l a r mix tu res or fu s ions ; but de fus ions would a l s o be l i a b l e t o occur ' .

Sigmund Freud - Col lec ted Papers. Vo1.V

Edi ted by James Strachey. p. 135.

23. 'Accordingly from the s t a n d p o i n t of knowledge t h e r e appears a b s o l u t e l y no reason t o f e a r death. But

consciousness c o n s i s t s in knowing, t h e r e f o r e for consciousness death i s no e v i l . Moreover, it is

r e a l l y no t t h i s knowing part of o u r ego t h a t f e a r s

death, but t h e f uga m o r t i s proceeds e n t i r e l y and

a lone £ran the b l i n d w i l l , of which every t h i n g

l i v i n g is f i l l e d ' .

Arthur Sdloponhauer - The World As W i l l And I d a .

Vol. I11 ChaHer XLI, QI Death. p. 255

T r a n s l a t e d by R.B. Haldane and J. Kemp.

25. 'Darkling I l i s t e n s and f o r many a t i m e I have been h a l f Fn lwe with e a s e f u l Death

C a l l 'd him s o f t names in many a mused rtryme, To t ake in t o t h e a i r my q u i e t brea th ;

NOW mom than e v e r seems it r i c h t o d ie ,

To cease up on t h s rnicfiight wi th n o pain,

While thou a r t pour ing f o r t h t h y s o u l abroad

In such an e c s t a s y 1

K e a t s - Ode t o a Nightingale.

Poems Se l ec t ed by J.E. Morpurgo. p. 174.

2 9 ' . . . Y e t the fear of death remains inev i tab le for a l l , because it is rooted, n o t in knowledge but in the W i l l '. Arthur Schopenhauer - The world A s w i l l And Idea. V o l . 111. p. 295.