tata mundra umpp
TRANSCRIPT
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An Overview of TATA MUNDRA UMPP
CEL338 (Infrastructure Planning and management)
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Submitted by
Amit Kumar Shivam Shah2011CE10327 2011CE10401
Course advisor:
Dr. K.C.Iyer
PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,DELHI
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TABLE OF CONTENTS:
1. Power scenario in India 3
2. UMPP scheme 4
3. Tata Mundra UMPP-at a glance 8
4. Problems faced by Mundra UMPP 10
5. Positive impacts 12
6. Power at a cost 17
7. Conclusion 19
8. Terminologies and abbreviations used 19
9.
References 20
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1. POWER SCENARIO IN INDIA:
India started off the electricity production with an average capacity of 1362 MW after
independence, and now after 60 years a significant increase in the sector is noticeable with
electricity lighting up the nooks and corners of the country. In spite of the 201637MW
capacity of Indias power sector by the end of April 2012, an arduous journey of spanning the
energy gap because of inflating energy demand lies ahead. During.the.year.2010-11, .our
country encountered a power deficit of 8.5 percent and a top.shortage.of.9.8 percent.
Presently, a need of 150GW energy is faced by India. Due to shortage of power supply the
current deficit of 30GW is predicted to exaggerate to a mind boggling deficit of 70 GW by
the year 2020.
Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh are the five major states
that face the greatest power shortage. 10 to 12 percent of power shortage lingered on even
though the capacity rose to 207006MW by August 2012. The peaking deficit also climbed to
11% and above during this period.
For the 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17) to achieve a GDP growth of 9%, an estimated
additional capacity of 169815 MW power must be produced in the next decade. Only the
establishment of large power generation capacity projects can support this gigantic desire.
The need of reliability of Indian power industry on thermal sources for coping with the ever
increasing demand, still dominates over the Governments initiative of electricity generation
from renewable resources. Figure 1 shows the percentage wise contribution of the various
sources to Indian power generation capacity.
oil
1%nuclear
2%
hydro
19%
renewable
12%
coal
57%
gas
9%
Figure 1: Fuel sources contributing to India's power generation
capacity
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This breakup of the fuel sources contribution is not expected to budge in the forthcoming
years. Various reasons leads us to this conclusion, some of them are
1. Limited availability and high cost of wind based generation makes this technology a
mere sight for the large energy demand of developing India.
2. Insufficient availability of Natural Gas makes the Gas-based power generation
unviable for the current large scale demands. Also, the cost associated with it is
substantial.
3.
Commercial sustainability of the renewable resources in power production is
contentious even with high government subsidy of VGF.
4. Large scale hydro power projects require government policies backing it and
environmental issues associated make it difficult.
Therefore the right choice of technology which is economically efficient and environment
friendly had to be chosen. The substantial journey of meeting the energy crisis using the
thermal power brings us to the landmark scheme initiated by the govt. in 2005 named UMPP.
2. THE UMPP SCHEME:
Ultra Mega Power Projects(UMPP) was a program introduced in 2005 by the Ministry of
Power in association with the Central Electricity Authority and the Power FinanceCorporation to address the countrys lingering power deficits and to provide for the growing
energy demands of the ever-increasing Indian population and the new culture of mass
consumerism prevalent in the country. With the help of this scheme the government intended
to overcome bureaucratic obstacles hindering the development of large thermal plants
working in the country in order to achieve its objective of Electricity or all by 2012
[1].The UMPPs can actually be seen as a successor or an expansion of the Mega Power
Projects (MPP) that the Government undertook in the 1990s with limited success. In the first
of the two stages that are involved in the UMPP program, the Power Finance
Corporation(PFC) creates a shell company called a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) [refer to
terminologies for details]. The purpose of SPV includes securing environmental clearances,
acquisition of land and water, and obtaining commitments for coal, either domestic or from
abroad. After the completion of these steps, private companies are given a chance to acquire
the shell company under a process of competitive bidding, in the second stage. The bidder
guaranteeing to sell power at the lowest levelised tariff (refer to terminology section for
details) to the consumers is awarded the project [2].
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The characteristic features of UMPPs include [1]:
Use of the SPV
Use ofsupercriticaltechnology (refer to terminologies for details) for increased fuel
efficiency and to ensure reduction in greenhouse gas emissions;
Allocation and sharing of power among multiple states typically with the help of
state-owned electric utilities;
Dedicated captive coal blocks (rather than coal linkages as seen in earlier programs)
for projects located in the interior;
Imported coal for coastal projects (For example Tata Mundra UMPP imports coal
from Indonesia);
Massive scale -typically 4000 MW.
Estimated investment in each UMPP: approximately Rs. 16,000 to Rs. 20,000 crores
Assigned through competitive bidding process.
Developed on build, own and operate(BOO) basis (Terminology section)
Governments responsibility: Provide land, water, coal blocks, environmental
clearances and tie-up for power sale
Private entitys responsibility: arrange funding, technological tie-ups, place orders for
key equipment, execute and operate the project
Originally in 2005, only nine projects were proposed, of which four were planned to be pit-
head projects and the other five were coastal projects that would use imported coal. Later in
2007 few projects had to be abandoned due to various reasons and later additional projects
were proposed. So far, 16 UMPPs have been planned in various states including Andhra
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa
and Tamil Nadu.
The present status of the UMPP scheme with proposed project and location has been
tabulated (Table 1):
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State Plant Special
Purpose
Vehicle
Owner MW Type Status
Andhra
Pradesh
Krishnapatnam
UMPP
Coastal
Andhra
Power Ltd.
Reliance
Power
3960 Coastal Deferred
Andhra
Pradesh
Nayunipalli
UMPP
Tatiya
Andhra
Mega Power
Ltd.
Not yet
awarded
4000 Coastal Proposed
Chhattisgarh Sarguja UMPP Chhattisgarh
Sarguja
Power Ltd.
Not yet
awarded
4000 Interior Cancelled
2013
Gujarat Tata Mundra
UMPP
Coastal
Gujarat
Power Ltd.
Tata
Power
4000 Coastal Unit 1
Commissioned
2012; Units 2-
3 in
construction
Jharkhand Tilaiya UMPP Jharkhand
Integrated
Power Ltd.
Reliance
Power
3960 Interior Early
Development
Karnataka Tadri UMPP Coastal
Karnataka
Power Ltd.
Not yet
awarded
4000 Coastal Deferred
Madhya
Pradesh
Sasan UMPP Sasan
Power Ltd.
Reliance
Power
3960 Interior Unit 1
commissioned
2013; Units 2-
5 in
Table 1: Overview of all the UMPP
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construction
Maharashtra Girye UMPP Coastal
Karnataka
Power Ltd.
Not yet
awarded
4000 Interior Deferred
Odisha Sundargarh
UMPP
Orissa
Integrated
Power Co.
Ltd.
Not yet
awarded
4000 Interior Proposed
Odisha Sakhigopal
UMPP
Sakhigopal
Integrated
Power Co.
Ltd.
Not yet
awarded
4000 Interior Proposed
Odisha Ghogarpalli
UMPP
Ghogarpalli
Integrated
Power Co.
Ltd.
Not yet
awarded
4000 Interior Proposed
Tamil Nadu Cheyyur
UMPP
Coastal
Tamil Nadu
Power Ltd.
Not yet
awarded
4000 Coastal
Coastal
Proposed
As explained earlier 4 UMPPs have been successfully awarded (refer Table 2) but they
continue to grapple with a gamut of challenges ranging from land acquisition (The landmark
Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 is expected to address this
problem effectively), mine-related clearances, shortage of domestic coal supply and
unprecedented increase in imported coal prices.
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3. TATA MUNDRA UMPP:
Coastal Gujarat Power limited (CGPL)- a SPV formulated on 10th February 2006 [4] for the
establishment and operation of PPP project- Mundra UMPP, is the fully owned subsidiary of
TATA Power. Under the BOO (Build Own Operate) model CGPL had fulfilled the
buildcondition of the power plant with a capacity of 4000MW in 5 states or units with 800
MW capacity each. As claimed by the company itself it is arguably the most energy-
efficient, coal-based thermal power plant in the country, today.[5]
3.1
Location: This power plant is located in the Tunda Wand village which is close to the
Mundra Taluk of the Kutch District in Gujarat. An actual satellite photograph of the
power plant is shown in figure 2 [6], with 22.8158, 69.5281 being the exact
coordinates
Table 1: Overview of Four UMPP [3]
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3.2
Constituent Units: Five power generating units are commissioned till now and two
more units are in the pre-permit stage.[7,8 and 9]. All these units use the supercritical
technology from Japan. Table 3 shows the exact details of the seven units envisaged
with their production capacity.
Stage Unit number Installed Capacity Date of
Commissioning
1st 1 800 March 2012
2n 2 800 July 2012
3r 3 800 October 2012
4t 4 800 January 2013
5t 5 800 March 2013
6t 6 830 Pre-permit
development
7t 7 830 Pre-permit
development
3.3Coverage Area: Power generated through these units would be serving mainly five
states of the western and northern India- Gujarat, Maharashtra, Haryana, Rajasthan
and Punjab. These states are currently facing peak electricity crisis and their ever
increasing demands are quenched (not wholly) by TATA Mundra UMPP. Table 4
Figure 2: Satellite photograph of the TATA
Mundra power plant
Table 3: Units Envisaged in TATA Mundra UMPP
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shows the averaged amount of power distribution to the states which are engaged in
PPA with the company.
State Power received (MW)
Gujarat 1805
Maharashtra 760
Punjab 475
Haryana 380
Rajasthan 380
Non-PPA 200
Total 4000
PPA agreement of Rajasthan was terminated because of the non-compliance on
payment security issue and some collateral issues.[10]
3.4
Technological Specification: All the units of this project use Super Critical Boiler
Technology that gives an edge to the project both in terms of environmental
sustainability and money. This technology uses 1.7 million tonnes of coal less as
compared to other alternatives present to generate the same amount of power annually
[11]. Doosan and Toshiba supplied the boilers and turbines respectively.
3.5Financing of Project: The total estimated cost of the project was US$ 4.14 billion.
Among all the banks and financial institutions that funded the project IFC contributed
a very significant amount. $450 million fund as loan was granted and on top of that
equity of $50 million along with syndication of about $300 million in terms of B
Loans [12], was the contribution of IFC to the project.
Additional funding of the project came from financial institutions like ADB, India
Infrastructure Finance Company Ltd., Housing Urban and Development Corporation
Ltd., Export-Import Bank of Korea, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Vijaya Bank, State
Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur, State Bank of Hyderabad, State Bank of Travancore, the
State Bank of Indore and other local banks[10].
4. PROBLEM FACED BY MUNDRA UMPP:
4.1. Escalation of coal prices:
Table 3: State wise allotment of energy produced by Mundra UMPP
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International coal market for India has been unwavering considering the cost and accessibility
for the former 4 decades. In the international market the bond for coal supply is for a short
tenure, 5 years being the life for supply contract and for cost is even shorter (1 year). Ideally
suited for catering to Indias demand are nation like Indonesia, Australia, and South Africa.
Yet, over the time, nearly half of the international ties are formed with Indonesia due to the
ease and better logistics involved and also due to cheaper cost incurred in mining.
The issue of Regulation No.17/2010 on Guidelines on the Determination of the Reference
Price of Mineral and Coal Sales by the Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral
Resources, in September 2010 ordered the coal and mineral producers to adhere to a
regulated standard price for sale of minerals and coal, both domestic and international. This
standardization of prices forced all the prevailing supply contracts to modificationaccordingly.
Also Indonesia is hovering over the idea of levying export duty on coal and minerals and
imposing additional constraints on low-grade coal exports in brevity. South Africa, for
perseverance of coal for additional domestic use is debating over export restrictions. Green
tax has been levied over exports increasing coal prices internationally by Australia.
Ironically, our own blaringly high coal demands have flared up the coal prices of these
nations. Also the demand generated from China has aggravated the global coal prices. As a
result of these changes, the global coal market has grown very unstable.
In the beginning Tata Power for Mundra UMPP imported coal with the original prices
established in the bid tariffs. Indonesian coal mines were contracted for almost all projects
proceeding under Tata Power because of the precipitous discount in comparison to the
prevalent market prices. A severe blow to the financial terms of contract made the coal cost
incurred in Mundra UMPP shoot up.
Statistically, 150 to 200 percent record escalation of the imported coal prices are observed
over the initial tariff agreed upon in the bidding process for its import.
The Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) has received a request from the
company for increasing the power tariff to around three rupees per Unit.[10]
4.2. Protest by Citizens (May 2011):
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MASS- Machimar Adhikar Sangharsh Sangathan (MASS) organised a united protest
raising concerns of the local people, targeting the accountability of UMPP project and lack of
appropriate mitigation measures. IFC- International finance Corporation, whose financing in
Indian coal plats bearing high risk, was filed with the protest of the group. CAO - Compliance
Advisor Ombudsman, an independent body which deals with the disputes and disagreements
related to the investments made by IFC, accepted the complaint against Mundra-UMPP.
Social as well as environmental issues were addressed by MASS. Their claim being that the
special economic zone (SEZ) used by UMPP adversely affects the environmental aesthetics
of the region damaging the fishing arena, marine life and the widely stretched farming
grounds. Also, IFC was targeted and accused of neglecting an overall impact assessment
before hopping on board providing loan. Social impact over the fishing communities whowere directly affected by the project were not even considered on the list.
In June 2011, CAO was filed with complaint bearing a detail account of the distress of fishing
communities, which rose alarming environmental issues also expressing the health risks and
dislocation of the communities.
5.POSITIVE IMPACTS
Kutch, being situated in the western border of the country, has often seen a lot of foreigners
entering and inhabiting there since time immemorial. It is the biggest district in the country
comprising Anjar, Bhuj, Mundra, Mandvi, Lakhpat, Abdasa-Nalia, Bhachau, Gandhidham,
Rapar, and Nakhatrana talukas.
Mundra was selected as the location for the project the only taluka of Kutch district which
was not devastated by the 2001 Earthquake. To re-develop the region a lot of incentives were
given mostly in tax liabilities by the Gujarat Government for setting up new industries in
order to industrialize the region and produce employment opportunities for the communities.It was during this time that CGPL (Coastal Gujarat Power Limited) was created in 2007 to
regulate, guide, and collaborate in the developmental initiatives in the region. So, it can be
out rightly be said that the very initiation of the Mundra UMPP Project was done with a
commitment to proper engagement with the community and to understand their needs.
The project influence area of 10 km radius includes Mandvi Taluka cluster and Mundra
Taluka, each made up of about 10 villages, having about 80,000 people (in 2011). The
following section illustrates the positive impacts of the project on these communities :
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Understanding the importance of participation of community in any community oriented
development initiatives, many affirmative steps were taken under 8 broad themes- education,
health, drinking water, employability / income generation and livelihood, biodiversity, and
environment, rural infrastructure development, community organization and institution
building and rural energy(Table 4).
The following section illustrates the initiatives taken by the project planners for the welfare of
the community under each theme [5]
5.1Income Generation and Livelihood:
Before the initiation of project, the major issues concerning the local communities
were lack of proper employment opportunities, lack of opportunities for higher
education, loss of pasture land for feeding cattle, health problems, migration of skilled
manpower, lack of opportunity for women to be part of income generation activities.
Table 4: Positive Impact of TATA Mundra UMPP [5]
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So the following income generating programs were launched by CGPL on the lines of
Gandhian principles of self-reliance and self-sustainability of communities:
Gaushala- to check the decline in area of pasture land available for feeding cattle.
The project successfully built various centers that supplied fodder and erected two
massive gaushala containing many sheds for storing fodder and many sheds for
keeping cattle. This has led to increase in cattle population and subsequently the
milk production and availability in the area.
Project Utkarsh- successfully made groups of cattle-rearers in order to increase
their bargaining power, to educate them on livestock rearing, to share the risk and
investment needed.
Various nutrition kits were provided to children, many ROs were set up to ensure
safe drinking water, check dams established for effective water management.
Project Sagarbandhu was rolled out for the welfare of the fishing community
through development of ponds for them and by educating them on fish breeding.
Kalaraksha program- Kalaraksha Trust was set up with the sole objective of
promotion of handicrafts by the local artisans. Various fairs and exhibitions are
organized to make people aware and hence preserve the art of these artisans.
Vivekananda Research and Training Institute(VRTI) was set up to form groups of
women and train them in activities like sewing, embroidery, tie and dry work etc.
and to connect them to local markets.
5.2. Rural Infrastructure Development
This emphasized on the development of rural infrastructure like roads, schools,
hospitals & dispensaries, sanitation units, public spaces, information technology
networks and other village civic amenities to ensure self-reliance and self-
sustainability of villages and to improve the standard of living of people. CGPL has
successfully erected various community halls, childrens park, sports grounds, cattle
rearing & animal husbandry sheds, check dams, and toilet facilities etc. which has
registered significant improvement in quality of life of people.
5.3. Drinking Water
In the adjoining areas, the average annual rainfall is less than 200mm! Another
problem is the high incidence of water borne diseases in the area and pollution in
water. So availability of safe drinking water was one main social issues that the
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project planners wanted to address right from the beginning of the project. Following
initiatives have been taken by the project in this regards:
CGPL initiated programs for watershed management and rainwater harvesting in
the adjoining villages with collaboration from Through Water Solutions for
conservation of water.
Ponds have been deepened to increase availability of water in these villages.
Project Swachh Jal has been launched in which various wells have been built to
provide clean and safe drinking water in rural households.
Various water purifiers have been provided for in public places. In the Jalmani
program, CGPL has installed RO plants in schools and ensured proper complaint
redressal and maintenance of the purifiers.
Roof rain water structures have been constructed for rainwater harvesting
People were made aware of drip irrigation techniques and large area of land were
brought under drip irrigation system.
Various wells have been recharged to ensure availability of drinking water.
5.4 Education
The region prior to the project was characterized by low literacy rate, low opportunity
for higher education, lack of constructive learning environment and few skill
development initiatives. Also very few government schemes like Universal Education
(Sarva Siksha Abhiyan) were able to reach the people and that too with partial
success. So the following steps were taken by CGPLin this regards:
Teachers training programs have been started to improve quality of education.
Project Sujaan has been launched which focuses on computer-oriented learning.
This has been very successful in increasing the computer literacy of children and
hence, has increased their skills.
Project Siksha Sarthi- Under this, GGPL has provided educational kits to new
entrants in the schools of the adjoining villages in order to increase the enrolment
ratio and to reduce the drop out ratio of students. Here, all the three stakeholders
namely, Government of Gujarat, industry (CGPL), and educational institutions put
collaborative efforts for the welfare of the community.
5.5. Community Organization and Institution Building
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Institution Building encompasses not only structural reforms, but also capacity
building and strengthening of existing institutions. It is very helpful in securing
participation of communities which not only spurs the project development but also
empowers these communities.
VDAC has been established in the same lines of panchayats for grass-root level
decision making, organization of people for effective planning and implementation of
community development initiatives and to increase the bargaining power of villagers
to profit from the government schemes. Other institute building initiatives include
solar lighting, improvement of roads, etc.
5.6. Safety and Health:
The company has taken proper precautions to prevent any harm to any of its
employees, contractors, engineers, and the people in the communities where they
operate. They have also paid due attention to the improvement of health and hygiene
of the surrounding region.
The company has hired very experienced safety team to prevent any harm to its
employees.
Safety trainings have been conducted by the company.
Proper assessment of the probability of hazard before the start of any activity.
A dedicated medical facility has been established to look over the health of the
people in the region.
5.7. Environment and Biodiversity
The very initiation of the project has started with the firm commitment by the
government to bring ecological issues in the economic and development trajectory.
The UMPP program, as explained earlier was started with the marked use of Super
Critical Technology in the project. It is fuel efficient and less polluting than the
prevalent coal-fired technologies.
If we look at the statistics3, the greenhouse gas emission due to these technology is
only 750 gm of CO2 / kWh which is far less as compared to the national average of
1259 gm of CO2 / kWh for coal based power plants. This has led to huge saving in the
use of coal. Other environment- friendly adopted in the project are:
Highly efficient Electrostatic precipitators have been used in the project.
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The height at which emitted gas is emitted has been kept at 275 m which prevents
any negative impact at ground level
Effluent and Sewage treatment plants have been built to ensure preventing any
pollution of already scarce water resources.
Dust control systems have been erected.
Noise control initiatives have been taken.
5.8. Rural Energy:
The company has right from its initiation emphasized on promotion of sustainable and
eco-friendly energy solutions for the village communities. Various initiatives for
biogas projects have been taken under the landmark Annapurna project which
involves distribution of biogas units in the adjoining villages. Various solar powered
lights have been installed on boats to extend the fishing hours of fishermen.
6. POWER AT A COST:
Even when CGPL boasts of its all-round development and benefits to Mundra region,
evidence of adverse effects over the society and environment of the project are reported.
Following are the major concerns covering the findings of an investigation by an independent
fact finding team [13].
1. Levelling and clearing of the mud flats along the coast by the company, significant
destruction of ecosystem by dredging creeks and natural estuaries so as to construct
water channels and depletion of mangroves and large forest area of dry lands- all
these facts make the companys working contentious.
2. The fishing families experienced economic toll and degrading society, because of the
loss of livelihood of these families. Cooling water expelled by the plants causing
thermal pollution forced the aquatic life away; also the depleted mangroves adversely
affected the density of fishes.
3. Investigation team also found that outfall channel outlet of Mundra UMPP contain
some frothiness that suggest the presence of chemicals which may have been
generated due to some anti- fouling agent added before letting out the water. Also the
effects include lowering of pH from ideal value and a significant decrease in
dissolved oxygen level.
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4. An estimated 12 million tonnes of coal usage by the CGPL generates about 4.5
million tonnes of ash. Being on the coastal area the strong winds blow away the ash
causing a huge nuisance in vicinity. Fishing community involving themselves in fish
drying and salt production (Gujarat produces 72% of Indian salt) suffers a serious
blow because of possible intoxication of these edible products.
Also, the well known fact coal contains radioactive minerals which get accumulated
in ash pose a serious threat of radioactive exposure to the animal and human life.
5. As stated in the report, the third highest emitter of greenhouse gasses in India being
CGPL is contributing to Global warming through an overwhelming amount of 30.796
million tonnes CO2 emission yearly. Also gasses like SO2, whose emission from power
plants can be minimized to a large extent, are causing serious health problems in the
vicinity. Also the land allotted to Tata Mundra plant for establishment of Fuel Gas
Desulphurization unit was not put to use, inviting all the more criticism.
The blame does not fall on CGPL only for not following the safeguard policies; the financial
institutions both domestic and international that were responsible for monitoring of
environmental schemes neglected their duty during the construction phases. Also the reports
prepared by consultants hired by International Financial Institutions namely IFC and ADB
revealed their negligence and fraud in environmental aspect assessment of the project.
Figure 2: Clearance of
mangroves and mud flats by
heavy machinery.
Figure 3: Froth visible in the
outfall channel water.
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7. CONCLUSION
The need for increase in power infrastructure has been increasing in India at a very brisk
pace. The culture of mass-consumption and mass-consumerism that we have imbibed from
our Western brothers has put a very high burden on the available fossil fuels in the country.
Also, if we look at the development initiatives by the Government of India, we will find that
it has been driven by economic factors and the environmental concerns have been completely
estranged from the growth trajectory. According to planning commission by 2032, total
installed capacity required would be 6.5 lakh Mega Watt!! These high numbers very
effectively put the huge burden that our already dwindling resources are going to face. Thus,
by adopting the supercritical technologies, Tata Mundra Ultra Mega Power Plant has started a
paradigm shifting example where by the use of energy efficient and eco-friendly (less
polluting) power generation techniques, the need for sustainable development has been put on
the decision makers table.
Also, the various community development and empowerment programs initiated by the
project have successfully implemented the Gandhian principles of self-reliant and self-
sufficient village.
But in order to get a holistic perspective we need to look at the negative impacts that theproject has caused. The presence of a lot of similar projects in the district like Adani Power,
the ecological impacts like air pollution and pollution of already scarce water resources has
been very disastrous. Also, people have been displaced from their residence and their
livelihood (fishermen community). Thus, there need to be a proper planning before the start
of such projects with due consideration to the needs of the denizen and a mandatory
regulatory body to supervise and guide such projects and to minimize their negative impacts
on environment as a whole.
8. TERMINOLOGIES AND ABBREVIATIONS USED:
Figure 4: Dried fish getting
contaminated with the fly ash
from Mundra power plant
nearby.
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Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)- A special purpose vehicle (SPV) is a company or legal
entity which is formed through PPP concession agreement between Government and
promoters or Joint Ventures to fulfil a particular objective and usually gets dissolved after
its fulfilment.
Ultra Mega Power Project (UMPP)-Large projects, usually 4000 MW in size, developed
using SPVs.
Supercritical technology: A technology that is more efficient than the existing
technologies to harness energy through combustion of coal. Also, comparatively it is less
polluting therefore being beneficial to environment.
BOO: A contractual agreement whereby, project developer is authorized to finance,
construct, own and operate and maintain an infrastructure facility. Levelised tariff- Tariff which is proposed at the time of bidding to decide a winner
calculated by discounting 25 years tariff.
IFC: International Finance Corporation
ADB: Asian development Bank
9. REFRENCES:
1. http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_n
ote-policy-1
2. http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_n
ote-Forbes-2
3.
http://www.slideshare.net/bagrivikash/mundra -umpp
4.
http://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-19-jul-
2012.aspx
5. http://www.tatapower.com/cgpl-mundra/pdf/umpp-greener-future121015.pdf
6. http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Tata_Mundra_Ultra_Mega_Power_Project#Pr
oject_Details
7.
http://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-08-oct-
2012.aspx
8. http://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2013/press-release-06-mar-
2013.aspx
9.
http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata -power-synchronises-third-800-mw-
unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.html
http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Super-criticalhttp://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-policy-1http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-policy-1http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-policy-1http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-policy-1http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-policy-1http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-policy-1http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-policy-1http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-policy-1http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-policy-1http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-Forbes-2http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-Forbes-2http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-Forbes-2http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-Forbes-2http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-Forbes-2http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-Forbes-2http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-Forbes-2http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-Forbes-2http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-Forbes-2http://www.slideshare.net/bagrivikash/mundra-umpphttp://www.slideshare.net/bagrivikash/mundra-umpphttp://www.slideshare.net/bagrivikash/mundra-umpphttp://www.slideshare.net/bagrivikash/mundra-umpphttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-19-jul-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-19-jul-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-19-jul-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-19-jul-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-19-jul-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-19-jul-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-19-jul-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-19-jul-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-19-jul-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-19-jul-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-19-jul-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-19-jul-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-19-jul-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-19-jul-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/cgpl-mundra/pdf/umpp-greener-future121015.pdfhttp://www.tatapower.com/cgpl-mundra/pdf/umpp-greener-future121015.pdfhttp://www.tatapower.com/cgpl-mundra/pdf/umpp-greener-future121015.pdfhttp://www.tatapower.com/cgpl-mundra/pdf/umpp-greener-future121015.pdfhttp://www.tatapower.com/cgpl-mundra/pdf/umpp-greener-future121015.pdfhttp://www.tatapower.com/cgpl-mundra/pdf/umpp-greener-future121015.pdfhttp://www.tatapower.com/cgpl-mundra/pdf/umpp-greener-future121015.pdfhttp://www.tatapower.com/cgpl-mundra/pdf/umpp-greener-future121015.pdfhttp://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Tata_Mundra_Ultra_Mega_Power_Project#Project_Detailshttp://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Tata_Mundra_Ultra_Mega_Power_Project#Project_Detailshttp://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Tata_Mundra_Ultra_Mega_Power_Project#Project_Detailshttp://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Tata_Mundra_Ultra_Mega_Power_Project#Project_Detailshttp://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Tata_Mundra_Ultra_Mega_Power_Project#Project_Detailshttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-08-oct-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-08-oct-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-08-oct-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-08-oct-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-08-oct-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-08-oct-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-08-oct-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-08-oct-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-08-oct-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-08-oct-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-08-oct-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-08-oct-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-08-oct-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-08-oct-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-08-oct-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-08-oct-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2013/press-release-06-mar-2013.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2013/press-release-06-mar-2013.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2013/press-release-06-mar-2013.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2013/press-release-06-mar-2013.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2013/press-release-06-mar-2013.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2013/press-release-06-mar-2013.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2013/press-release-06-mar-2013.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2013/press-release-06-mar-2013.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2013/press-release-06-mar-2013.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2013/press-release-06-mar-2013.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2013/press-release-06-mar-2013.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2013/press-release-06-mar-2013.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2013/press-release-06-mar-2013.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2013/press-release-06-mar-2013.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2013/press-release-06-mar-2013.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2013/press-release-06-mar-2013.aspxhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/tata-power-synchronises-third-800-mw-unit-at-mundra-umpp_766254.htmlhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2013/press-release-06-mar-2013.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2013/press-release-06-mar-2013.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-08-oct-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-08-oct-2012.aspxhttp://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Tata_Mundra_Ultra_Mega_Power_Project#Project_Detailshttp://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Tata_Mundra_Ultra_Mega_Power_Project#Project_Detailshttp://www.tatapower.com/cgpl-mundra/pdf/umpp-greener-future121015.pdfhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-19-jul-2012.aspxhttp://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-19-jul-2012.aspxhttp://www.slideshare.net/bagrivikash/mundra-umpphttp://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-Forbes-2http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-Forbes-2http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-policy-1http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ultra_Mega_Power_Projects_in_India#cite_note-policy-1http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Super-critical -
8/10/2019 Tata Mundra Umpp
21/21
10.http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Tata_Mundra_Ultra_Mega_Power_Project
11.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundra_Ultra_Mega_Power_Plant#cite_note-8
12.http://www.cao-ombudsman.org/cases/case_detail.aspx?id=171
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