Teknosains, Teknokultur dan Pembangunan

yasraf amir piliang

Paradigms of Development

Development means using the productive resources of society to improve the living conditions of the poorest people.

Richard Peet, Theories of Development, The Guilford Press, London, 1999,

Development

Developmentalism

Economic Growth

Development

Social WelfareCultural SensibilityHuman HappinessSpirituality

Elite

People

The Winner

The Loser

Science and Technology

The Essence of Technology

Technology is no mere means (or technical). Technology is a way of revealing (the possible world, way of living).

It the realm of revealing of truth of the world: unlocking, transforming, storing, distributing and switching

Martin Heidegger, The Question Concerning Technology, Colophon Books, 1977

Revealing Concealing

Framing

Technology

Technology

Revealing ‘possible worlds’

Tradition, ideology, belief system, culture

tension

Possible World

Determinism

Technological Determinism

Techno-FramingPossessed individual

TechnopolyScientism

SocialDeterminism

Social construction of technologySocial logicsCultural values

DEVELOPMENT

Culture

Tools Using Culture

Technopoly

Culture & Technology

Technocracy

Relationship between tools and the belief system, where tools are not intruders

Tools are not integrated into the culture; they attack the culture.: tradition, mores, myth.

Technopoly is totalitarian technocracy: it redefining and replacing what we mean by belief, religion and myth

Neil Postman, Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology, Vintage Books, 1992

The technoromantic unity is of passage from the physical world to the ideal world of created through technology.

It is the world that is a total technologically constructed. (the technological construction of society)

Richard Coyne, Technoromaticism: Digital narrative, Holism, and the Romance of the Real, The MIT Press, 1999

Technoromanticism

Knowledge in the form of an informational commodity indispensable to productive power is already, and continue to be, a major stake in the worldwide competition of power(1)

Capitalism (development model) has to construct and impose models of desire, and its survival depends on its success in getting them interiorized by the masses it exploited. (2)

(1) Jean F. Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, Manchester University Press, 1989, hlm. 5.

(2) Felix Guattari, Molecular Revolution, Peregrine Books, 1984, hlm. 225

Mercantilism

Product Oriented

PRODUCT TheoryConceptPhilosophy

TextbookMonographJournal

Innovation

Creativity refers to persons who express unusual thoughts

A person who experience the world in novel and original ways

Whose perceptions are fresh

Whose judgements are insightful

Who make important innovations

Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly , Creativity: Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention, New York: Harper Perennial, 1997

Creativity

‘Innovation’ is a product of creativity

It relates to the introduction of new ideas

It makes difference and differentiation

It makes a leap of insight

Innovation

FIELD OF PRODUCTION

FIELD OF APPRECIATION

FIE

LD

OF

EX

PR

ES

SIO

NF

IEL

D O

FD

ISS

EM

INT

ION

StudioManufacturerCraft center

MediaAwards

CertificatePublishing

Mu

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fo.

Ce

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ibra

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Exh

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pe

tition

Fe

stival

Ma

rket

Co

nsu

mp

tion

Creat

ive

Capita

lEconom

ic Capital

Social

Cap

ital

Cultural Capital

Creative Individual

Economic ProductionSocial ProductionCultural Production

Field of Creativity

Technoculture & Development

cultural values (language, symbol, education and knowledge) are not stimulating enough for creative ideas

Cultural

actors involved in the creative generation,

production, consumption and appreciation are not

supportive

Social

there is not enough inner motivation of individuals to create new and stimulating ideas

Mental

unavailability of capitals (money, instruments, and

infrastructure) that demanded for creative

activity

Economic

Mental Block

INPUT

OUTPUT

BLACK BOX

Black Box

A piece of machinery or a set of commands is too complex. In its place (one) draws a little box about which they need to know nothing but its input and output

Bruno Latour, Science in Action, Harvard University Press, 1987

Black Box

Creative Process

Black Box

theorysystembooks innovationsproducts

Sediment of BLACK BOXES

Minimalism of knowledge

violenceflood

earthquake tsunami

Constraints

language, symbol and knowledge, the availability of knowledge system, procedures, methods, rules, strategies

Cultural Capitalall actors involved in the

creative generation production consumption and

appreciation ‘reactive’ or ‘proactive ‘conservative’ or

progressive

Social Capital

‘creative individual who capable of producing new ideas, concepts, systems, forms or products: open, playful, imaginative, spontaneous

Creative Capital

All material things that have value : money, gold,

land, tools, instruments, softwares, hardwares,

devices and infrastructure

Economic Capital

Creative Capital

Innovation =Black Box Revealed

Technoscience

Feedback

Knowledge

Systems

Products

Techno-science

Society

Technoculture

Input

Axiology

Socio-cultural effect

Mental Model

Life-world model

Technology Techno-culture

Development

Technoscience

Technoculture

Welfare

Integrative System

Cultural Oriented

PRODUCT THOUGHT TheoryConceptPhilosophy

Conclusion