The 198Q APWes Most Cited iss1980 assd 1981. 2. Pbysieai !?wiesnees

Number 20 May 16, 1983

In a recent essay, I presented the 1980life sciences papers most cited in 198Q-1981. I This essay covers the physical sci-ences, exclusive of chemistry, which willbe examined in a future essay. Thesestudies typify the special type of sciencejournalism we have developed. It’s ourway of telling you about some of the “hotspots” of scientflc research. Indeed,these active areas of research almost al-ways develop into major specialties.

Table 1 lists the 105 articles includedin this study. The number of citationseach received in 1980 and 1981 is alsoshown. To emphasize the unique andimmediate impact of these papers, letme remind you that most of the millionsof papers and books cited each year inScience Citation Index@ (SCP ) receiveabout two citations during any giventwo-year period. Even after a five-yearperiod, the average paper is cited lessthan three times. Consider that the aver-age paper fisted in Table 1 received 36citations—eight in 1980 and 28 in 1981.The most-cited paper received 102 cita-tions, and the least-cited, 25 citations.

The papers in Table 1 are divided intosix broad subject categories, and are ar-ranged alphabetically therein by firstauthor. We hope this arrangement willdiscourage invidious comparisons be-tween individual papers ranked by cita-tion frequency. And although each ofthese papers has had signflcant impact,I must afso caution that they do not nec-essarily represent the “best” papers of1980. Many other papers not listed herewill eventually prove to have equal, oreven greater, impact in later years. We

really do not know enough about thephenomenon of delayed recognition, inboth the historical and the short-termsense. But it is sign~lcant in itself that wemust treat chemistry differently thanphysics in order to conduct these stud-ies. And that difference will also be ot+served in many other fields.

Eighty-eight of the 105 articles in thisstudy have already been included as“core” documents in the Research FrontSpecialty Index of our Index to Scien-tific Reviews ‘“ (L!M m). Research frontdata on the more than 13,000 review arti-cles indexed in 15’Rfrom Janua~ to June1982 were made available last year.z Ta-ble 2 lists the names of the 1982 ISR re-search fronts that each incfude at leasttwo papers in thw study as core docu-ments. A research front is a group of pa-pers that cite one or more core papers orbooks collected in a co-citation cluster.

I have explained ISP’s clusteringtechniques before.g The class~lcationvalue of clustering is amply demonstrat-ed by considering, for exampfe, that the11 core papers in research front 82-0312,“Grand unified theories, proton decay,neutrino masses, flavor dynamics, andHiggs boson in the SO( 10) model,” listedin Table 2, are divided into threebroader, less descriptive categoriesestablished by “subjective indexing. ”

Research front searching is availablethrough numerous online services—ISI/BIOIUEDa,4 ISI/CompuMathw,5ISI/GeoSciTech m ,6 and -n, lSI/Bjo.

Chem ‘m . We added thk capabti]ty toISR to test the concept of printing acomprehensive, multidisciplinary lit of

I

152

Table 1] The 1980physicalsciences●rticlesmost cited in 1980-1981.The ●uthors’ addressesfoflow esch ci!ation. Codenumbcmindicatethe fSR ‘n researchfront specialtiesfor whichtheseare c-orepcpem.Aweriskedcode numbers indicate(he ISI,’GeoSciTech 1“ researchfront specidtiet for whichthe$eme com pspem. A= number of citationsrcccwed, 1980,B = numlwr of citationsreceived, 198f. C= toml number of citationsreceiwd, 19801981.

ABC

6 23 29

7 22 29

4 24 28

746s3

14 38 52

9 19 28

4 32 36

7 54 61

f 25 26

82937

2 25 27

82937

1 30 3f

53136

1 3839

22325

32629

6?642

6 26 32

8 18 26

Bfbffogmpbk D-m

Chemkaf Pbysks

Alvesdo T A, Hmvasoja T. Manninen M T .S Soinne A T. Pmwwe dqte~$ice of tb specffk.beslJUEIP● Ike sttpdf.fd tmnsftion●d [be cffeetfve maw .1 3He. Phys Rev. L.eII. U: lfJ76-9,f980.HelsinkiUniv. Technol., Low Temp. Lab., Helsinki, Finknd. 82.0485

B*IIc T J. Campbell E J, Keenan M R & PlygarcW H. A ■wv metfmd Ior okrvfn.g Ike rotmfonn!

SF- of ~eak mofeeafar coh!pksw: KrHCf. J Chem Phys 72:922-32. 1980. Univ. Illinois. NOWChem Lab., Urbana. IL.

BmtJettR J & Purvis G D. Molecular ●ppfkmfom of conpkd clusterMA many-body persnrbstfonmek$ds. Fhys. .kr 21:255-65, IWO. BatteJkColumbus Jabs., Cc4umbus.OH. 82-0397

BechgaardK, JacobsenC S, Mortensen K, PedemenH J & Thorup N, Tb pmperden 04ffwebfgfdywidoctktg uffs: (TMTW2 X,X= PF6”, AIF~’, SbF6”, BF4’ ●nd N03”. derfwd fm= mmm=etbyf-mmwefemafofvalewWMTSFI. So/(d Smtz Commun 33 t 1!9-25, 1980.Univ. Copenhagen, H .C.Orsted Inst., Copenhagen:Techn. Univ. Denmark. Phys. Lab. 111& Chcm. Dept., Lyngby.Denmark. 824534

Billmann J. Ko.acs G .%Otto A. EmftaocedRmtmB4fect from cyankk daorkd oma sEverefectrade.SurfaceSCI 92:153-73. 1980 Univ Dusseldorf, Phys. Jnst.JJJ,Dusseldorf, FRG.82-042I

BodenhausenG. Void R L & Void R R. Mmftfpleqtwamm mpfm-echospec-opy.J Mug., Rrsononce 37:93-ffJ6,1980.Univ. Calif.. Dept. Chem., f-a Jolla,CA. 82-0586

BoeslU, NeusscrH J & SchlagE W. Vfsfhk aod UV tdffphoton Jonkatk.n ad fragmentaffon01fmfyawmk mdedea. J. Chtm Phys. 72:4327-33, 1980.Munich Techn. Univ., Jnst.Pbys. &Thcor. Chcm., Gwching. FRG. 82-fWt7

Furmk T E & ReyesJ. A Cdlkd smlysb of Ibeoredml modeb fcwthe Gfam R-man ●ffect frwaackwbedcno!ecofchSuK/actSci. 93:351-82, 19.93.JowaStale Univ.. Ames L-b. & USDOE, Ames.JA. 824421

Gcrsten J & Niw,imA. Ekcwiwgndfc theory of enbanccdRmaan sc.tterfmgby mclecaki adJorbedos rowb swfaces.J. Chcm. Phy~ 7J:IXL3-37. 1980. CUNY. Dept. Phys., New York. NY: BeJJLsbs., Mumy Hill. NJ. 82-0421

HoJc.nyakN, Kolbas R M, Dupuis R D & Dapkus P D. Qunnmm-weff beterrmtrncmrelasers.IEEE J Quantum E/row-on. 16: 17&85, 1%?4 Univ. Illinois, Dept. Elm. Eng., Urfun., IL, RockweffJntematJ.Corp.. Electron. Res. Ctr., Anaheim, CA. 82-1869

JohanssonB & MartenssonN. Core-kwf bkdfng-axrgy Affix for tbe metaf!k ekmeens.Phy$. Rev. B-Condensed M.suer 21 :U27- 57, 19S0. FOA, Sect. Stockhofm; Uppsak Univ., Jnst.~“m..Uppsak. Sweden.

.

Lane N F. Tk Ifmmy d dectron.mefecmfecofftafonu.Rrv. Mod Phys. 52:29-119, 1980. Rice Univ.,Dept. Phys., Houston, TX and Univ. Colorado & Natl. Bureau Stand.. JokntIIMI. Lsb. Amrophy$..Boufder, CO. 82.1272

La H W & Compaan A. Ram= marcmeiit of famb terapentmredmfmgpdsed Saw bmtfmgof skfbma.Phw. E’e,. La 44: 16LM-7, 1980.KansasSm!e Univ.. Deot. Phvs.. Manfmttan, KS.8243612 -

. .

Lubman D M, NaamanR & Zare R N. M~botoa fomfzadon01umkne and spMJtakme.f Chcm. Phys. 72:3034-40, 19W, Stanford Univ., Dept. Chem,, Stanford, CA, 82017

McCSJJS L, Pkw.rwn P M & Wc.fff P A. Sm3sca enbmcd Ra~an acmkie~. Ph}$ J.#f, A

77:381-3, 19fW, Bell Mm., Murray Hill, NJ; Mu. Jnst.Technol., Rcs. Lab, Electron., Cambridge,MA. 82.0421

NagaiH, Naguchi Y. Tskahei K. Toymhimt Y & JwxneG. ImP/GdaAsP beefedhfemstrmcsareJac-znof 1.Spm Mb. Jpn. J. APPJ Phys. 19:L218-20, 19S43.Nippon Teleg. Teleph. PubL Corp.,MusashhIoElec. Commun. Lsb., Tokyo, Japan.

Reimer J A, Vaughan R W & Knight* J C. Proton mwnetJc—- Specm of Pke.5um-depwfmd-- Sfdf b. Phy$. Rm &l/. 44:192-6. J9RfI.Cmlif,Jnst.Technol., Div. Chem. & Chem.Eng.. Pasadena,CA; Xerox Palo Alto Res. Ctr., PmfoAfto. CA. 82.0S08

Rowe J E, Shknk C V, Zwemer D A & Murray C A. UJtrab@.~rtm ttudka of eehati Ramasacamerk+jti pyr!db m Ag sarfnca. Phy$. Rkw. .hfl. U: t77W3, 19fM.BelJLabs., Murray Hill& Jkff Labs., Holmdel. NJ, .S24421

Thompson G H B & HenshallG D. Nonm~tke camferkm ad temperaturesemsfdvfty01Ihvmbddfm1.27MmlGafn)(AtP1/lDP Ah. bets. JHcc-tronJA[. 16:42-4, IWO. SmnctmdTelecommun,Labs., Harfow, UK. 82-1128

AtnktD J, GoJd$cbmidtY Y & Grkutekn G. Ra~ Jkmvpaamfysb of bpbaetnmfdomb* 2SJCdw#k w 8ke-G& tbsefy ad XY-esede3.J. Phys.-A-Math. G,. 13:585-620.

1980. Hebrew Univ., Racah hat, Pbys., Jemaolem,JxraekSacJayNucJ.Res. Ctr,, Sew, Them.P@.. Okk-wm-Yvette,France; NORDJTA. Copeahmgcn,Denmark. 82-04W

153

13 20 33

9 21 30

122840

3 22 25

!0 92 !02

z -1? 29

94655

I 34 35

5 42 47

33639

I 3+ 37

1 40 41

12 27 39

8 20 28

2 26 28

12 13 25

7 2936

17 47 M

Barbieri R, Nmtop.xdosD V. Morchio G & StrocchiF. Nee#d6mm?mz.sh ~d + *+.Phys. J.#f B %391-7. 19W3.CERN. Gmeva, Switzm-land,Univ. F%a, Inst. Fhya; INFN, Piss SeCt.,Sc.ola Norutale Super., Piss, Italy. 82-0312

Bmsetm A. Ciafaloni M & MarchesiniG. kb?wJc dbm$fmtfmsmd e~~ -m kmwmadmrkeeQCO. NW-I Phys L! 163:477.518. 19S0. Libra Univ., Dept. Phy$., Trento: INFN. f% .S MilanSects.,ScuolaNornmk Super., J%a; Univ. Pmtw. Inst. Phys., Parma. Italy. 82-0182

CalJanC G, Dcshe. R F & Gross D J. Am J6z$.=a$@=zb=$d? Phyr R-w. Lat. 44:4354.1980.

Princeton Univ., Inst. Adv. Study, Princeton. NJ, 82-0314Coleman S & Witten E. Chtml.sy6ama6zybrcakdewmkmlarge.N cfmsady=taks. Phys Rev Letl

45. 1CG2, IW3. Stanford Univ,, SLAC, Stanlcmd,CA: Harvard Univ.. Dept. Phys., Cambridge, MA.824b@3

Creuw M. M@te-CaAa nmdy of qwaaked SLU21se- t&eeay.Phys Rev. D-Pwt Ftelds

212208-15, 1980. Brookhaven Natl. Lab., Dept. Phy$. Upton. NY. S2-0314Curric 1 F, Kmmhand 1 A, Bishop A R & Trullinger S E Stmtictmdmec&@cs of --~1

sclhry.wsve-bedmg #ca!arIkkda:●IacI rcd$s ad J&a!-gm pbews+ea.

Phy! Rev B—Condensed Marler 22 477-%, 19MJ. Cornell Uruv., Lab. Atom. Solid Sfme PhysIthaca, NY. Queen Mary Coil,, Dcpt Phfi., London, UK, Univ. S. Calif., Dept. Phys..Los Angeles,CA 82-0952

Ewhtco E & Lsne K. DYR8eakcnlbveabk%at weakSmtemcttornsy~. Phys Let[ B 90 t2L-Y3,

19L13.Harvard Unw Lyman Lab. Phy&, C8mbridge. MA. 82-0314ElIi! J, Gallard M K & Z.min. B A greed tid fbeoq 04?Mwzd%m !m6s?+ SPqratiq.

Ph w L.If B 94:34}8. 1980 CERN. Geneva. Switzerland:LA PP. Atmccv-le-Vieux. France82TICOI

Gross D J & Wi!ten E PmzztfzkzMrd.erdev ~ ~sm$s!amh dw Jsc&# J6- saw flbeory.Phyz Re. D.-Parf Fdd$ 2 I :446-53, 1980. Princeton Univ., J. Henry h%., Princeton, NJ;H~wmd LJmv., Lymsn L-b. Ph~.. Csmbridgc, MA. 824J316

HcuenfrmzA & H~senfr~tzP. llc coitnedots betweemtbe h pam~m okhti sd c~e.mamQCD. Phys LeIt B ’43 t65.9. 1980. Eo!voa Lorand Univ., Budapest,Hwzgary;CERN,Geneva, Switzerbnd. 82-0314

ltzyksonC, PeskmM E & Zubm J B. R@x~ of W8son’ssrnrface.J%yr.hfl B 95:259-64, IWOSaclbyNucl. Res. Ctr Gti.sur-Yvcuc, France. 8243319

Le Gudtou JC .S Zinn.JustinJ. Cdfkal ●xpemmtsfrom !&M shemy. Phys. Rev B—Condc.wd

Mafrer 21:397+98, 1980 Univ Pans VI, f.sb. Tbeor Phys High Energy. Pmis, S~clayN.cl, Res.CI,., sew. Them. Pbys Gif-sur.Yvetle. Fmnce. 82-~1

Moh~palr* R N L%SenjnnovicG Neutrkmamwxcad sp-wza=oss @V !atmz-rwattoz.

PhyJ Rev LCII 44:9f2.5, 1980 CUNY, Dep[ Php,, New York, NY: Univ. Mmyland, Depl Phys,& A$tron., CollegePark, MD 824312

Polyikov A M Gasga R-d& m r6s@ olk$tae. N.cl Phys B f64:17t-&S. 19S0.L.D. Landau JnwTheor Phys., Moscow, USSR. 824)316

Rcbbt C. Pb.meStlUCti~ of nomAbelJaEktttce cac$etheo~. Phyr Ruv. &#brt Fteld$ 21 :33W9,

1980. Brookh8ven N* II.Lab., Dept. Pbys., Upton, NY. 82-0314Ukawa A. Windey P & Guth A H. DmmJra~bk for fml!kccgaugelhe~ ad ~ pkze stmcmre of

Z(N) systems.Phys Rev D—Part Fte/dJ 2t: 10I3.36, t980 PrincetonUniv.. J. Henry Labs,PrinceIon. NJ; Cornell Univ., Lab, Noel, Stud., Ithacs, NY.

Weinberg S. EJJeclJvegsm~etbt%. Phy$ Jxff 891:5 I -5, 1980. Harvard Univ., Lym.n lab Physand Hwvxrd-Smithsonun Ctr Atrophy!., C~mbridge, MA. 82-0312

Wmen E. Nesti mae~ kgIkg m!mtiQJ01101theory. Phyr LetI B 91:81.4, 1990 Harwmd(Jmv.,Lyman Lab. Phys Cambridge, MA. 82-0312

A-hynkm & G.pbyk

8 21 29 Alvarez L W, AlvmrezW, Asaro F h Michd H V. Extdtcrreattbf eanm SWCmtn_-Teedmycxtiaal.aa. Scr6nc, 208:1095-108,19@3 Univ. Cshf., LawrenceBerkeleyLab. .S Dept. Geol.Geophys., Berkeley.CA, .814167

5 20 25 Bath G T, Pr@c JE & Whelan J A J. Specq~my OSdwati-~%na h eb.zwavekgtb raw12S4&7~ A. M... Pofjc Roy A.fron SO. 1%1185-94, 1980. Oxford U.:,.. Dept Astrophys.,Oxford; Univ. Cambridge, InsI, Asmon., Cambridge, UK,

I Xl 31 Bohlin R C, Hofm A V, ScvageB D, StfijdemM A J& SparksW M. PWqhia csE&rzt4nmet k~~,a~~~ ~#~vJ&I cm-e (IUE)t Sow~. A$fmn. Asfrqdtys, 8S:I-13. W&3.NASA,

GSFC, Greenbelt: Comput, Sci. Corp.. Sif.er Spring, MD. Univ. WisconsJn,Dept. AsIron.,Mdkon, Wl; Univ. CoIl. London, Dcpt. Phyx & Astron., London, UK. 8243887

2 24 26 Conti P S & Gmnmty C D. Maw lom from O-type saam.Asfrophys J 238:190-5, W&3 Univ.Colorado & N.tl, Buren. Stand.. Joint Inst. hb. Astrophys.. Boufder. CO. 824t .93

8 20 28 Crampton D, Cowley A P & Hutch@ JB, T%@pso!@$% hbmry rmrareOSSS.433.Awuphy, J.

225:LI31.5. 19S0 Herzberg Insl Astrophys.. Dommion Astmphys. Obsmw.,VICIOM, Cmada.82-02S7

4 24 24 Dresder A. Gtdasy mc?rp- b tih cksas: kzzgf&ti Ior tbe f~ mbdC.vd?lti= 01

@Jaakn. Arimphys J. Z&351-65, 19W Calif JnM Technol and CarnegieInst. WUhi.8ton, HaleObxrv Pasadena,CA. 82.1454

154

ABC Bfk!fagmpkkcData

A#mvp&akt & GeO#WJCS kontlsmedl

21 4 25

25 13 3s

6M26

103s43

6 2! 27

6 29 35

23 4 27

21 12 33

5 21 26

27 a 35

42327

6222S

7 4a 55

8303s

5 26 31

10 26 36

52025

23436

PiffiusW, 1p W H & Mc)lwain C E. Trappsd radfatfmnhefts01S8mtmttit kok. Science20’:425-31,

19S0. Univ. Cllif., L# Jolla,CA; MIX Pknck lnst. Aem”., Katknburg.Lindau, FRG.GehrclsT, Baker L R, BeshoreE. BlenmanC. Burke 1~. CsstilloN D. DsCo!ta B, OegewijJ, Dome

L R. Fountsin JW, Gotobed J, KenKnight C E, Kin@on R, McLaughlin G, McMilkn R, MurphyR, Smith P H. Smfl C P, StricklandR N, Tomasko M G, Wtjesin&.heM P. CcJken D L & J?.spoaitoL. Imagfmgpkotopokdmeter M Ffonesr Saturn. ScienceX37:434-9,19S3.Univ. Arb.mm, Tucsn,AZ; Goddard Ins!. SpaceStud.. New York. NY; Univ. Colorado, Lab. Alma. SpacePhys.,Boulder, CO. “8! 4X)32

Geld?ahler B 1. Pauk T & SalterC J. Ccwidmsmubservatfomof Ike s.perw,s rem-mm W 50 adC 74.9 + 1.2d 26% MHz. A$lron Awmphys M:23744, 19SW.Mm Pfanck hut. Radic.astron.,Bonn. FRG; Univ. Pennsylvania,Dept, AsIron.. Phikdelphk, PA. 82-0257

Guth A H & Tye s-H H. ?kas-emamalffoss●d m%netk monopo!e productfm! h tba vmy emfynsdveme.Fhy~ Rev Lzff. U:631 -5, 19@3.Stanford Univ.. SLAC, .%nford. CA; Cornell Univ.,Lsb. NUCLStud., Ithscs, NY. 82-0313

Ridgvny S T. JoyceJf R, Whim N M & Wing R F. EffectJvctem~mmm of bm.!y~ stmmthe fkfd@aIIt8kota K@ 10M6. Arfmphy$ J. 235: 12&37, f9&1.Kitt Peak Natl. Obsem.. Tucson; LowellObserv.. Fkgtmff, AZ; Ohio Slme Uni~,. Dept, Ammn., Columbm, OH. 82-0703

Sckter I G, Jaupmi C & Galson D. Tke beatYJo.ho+ oceank and contkmal cmm ●d tfteb!lossof the earth Rev Gcophy$. .Space Phys. 18:269-311,1980.Mm. Inst. TechnoL, Dept. EarthPlanet. Ml., Camb?idgc,MA, 82-0578

SimpsonJ A, BastianT S, ChenetteD L, Lenw G A, McKibkn R B, FYI. K R & Tuzzolino A J.%mreh trapped rsdlmfw sad ftssbs.rpdoa by smeffkea amf dD& & fkmtredfs h Pfo6e6rIl. Scienct 207:41I -5, f980. Univ. Chicago, Enrico Fermi 1.s1.,Chicago. IL. “81032

Smith E J, Davis L, JonesD E, Coleman P J, Colbum D S, Dyd P & SotmttC P. Samm’s magnedcSMd ssd _eter#ere. Science207:407-10,IWO. Calif. In$I. Technof.. JetPropulsion Lab.,Pasadena,CA; Brigham Young Univ., Provo, fJTi Univ. Cdif,, Los Angeles NASA. Ames Res.Ctr., Moffett Field, CA: Univ. Arizona, Tucson. AZ. “81~32

SpiessF N. MacdcmaldK C, Atwater T. Ballard R, Cmranra A, Cordoba D, Cox C, Diaz GarciaV M. Frmtchetem J, Guerrem J. HawkinsJ. HsymcmR, Hesder R. JutemtT. Kastner M, f-arsonR. Luyendyk B, Macdou@lI J D. Miller S. Nornmk W, Orcutt J .4 R.ngin C. Ski Pmfffc Rbethat SPSJ!Wand gcopkyskcslcxpedxIwIt8.Science207:1421.S3. 19fM3.Univ. Cslif., Scripps1.s!.Gceanogr, h Jolla,CA; Mass. Inst. Technol., Dept. Earih Fkne!. WI.. Cambridge; Woods HoleOceanogr. Inst., Woock Hok, MA; Nmf. Univ. Mexico, Ctr. OcemI Sci, & [mm Geol.. MexicoCity, Mexico; N-t]. Ctr. Exploit, Oceans.C!r, OccanofW., Brest: Utiv. Louis Pasteur. bb, Min.Petrogr.. Stmsbourg.Frsnce; Lmnont-Doherty GeoL Observ., Palisades,NY; Univ. Calif.. Geof.Lkpt.. SsntaBarbara: US Geof. Survey, Off-Msrkne Geof.. Menlo Park. CA; Univ Paris VI, Inst,Geol., Park. France. 82-0960

VmI Allen J A. Thomsen M F, Randaff B A, Rcirdcn R L & GrosskreutzC L. Semm’#

~~t-m. ~, ati *? eale!fk!es.Science20?:41$-21, 1%0. Univ. Iowa, Dept. Phys.Aura., Iowa City. IA. “81.0032

Walter P M. Cash W, Charles P A & Bovyer C S. X.myt from RS ~~ Venatkormrasy,termm.HEAGI mwey ad tbe dcvekpitmnt of ● corod =add. Astmphy8 J 236:212-8, 1983. Univ.Calil.. Space Sci. hb., Berkeley, CA, 82-0606

Zhn R. k @balar chuter systemof tka gnkxy. 1. Tb metalabwdascm ad reddsmkgi of 79sJ06wkrchmmrsf- btegmted *M 6zsasErc~mfs. Astmphys. J. Suppl SW 42: f9-40, 19&3.Cafkf.Inst. Technol. ●nd Carnegie lnm. Wmhington, Hate OtMCrv., Pesdmm, CA. fJ24y703

MamrtDfaScfeam

Altshukr B L. Aronov A G & f-kc P A. IntemctfcmeffeciokmdksosdemdFm-af systenmh two**. Phw Rev. Lem U:12B6-9f. 1960.Leninurad Nucl. Phvs. JnsI.,Leninnrad. USSR, BeffLabs,, Murray Hill, NJ. 82.03L%

B~hop D J, Tsui D C & Dynes R C. N~ataOk comdm?tfonk ekctron fatversfmnlayers● lowmefmratorea. Phyr. Rev. LML 44:1153-6, f9S0, Bell Labs., Murray Hill, NJ, 82-03C41

BfinowskiJ, Hsu N H, Rigaux C. Vieren 1 P. Le Touflec R, Furdin G, Herold A & Mefin J. DAwrmcmreEC&I mid dynarafml dlefect?kbcdon b fowmt stagea01w8pkfte acceptor COMP8WMZ.

1. Phys -Farix 41:47-58. 19W3,Ecok Normak Supzr., Group Phys, Sdtdx Univ. ParisVI. lab.Phys. Solid% Pm-is;Lab, Chem. Miner. AppL, Nmtcy, France. 82.0726

Chadi D J. Bmter R S, Williams R H, Hansron G V, Rachrach R Z, Mikkelsm J C. Ho”rAy F,Guichar G M, PimchauxR & Petmff Y. Atomk m?dekctmmk tmuctm’eof Ike 717 mcoummctedSflllll smface. Phys. Rev btc 44:799-802. 19W3,Xerox Palo Alto Res. Cm. Pslo Alto, CA: Univ.Fnris-Sud, bb. U1il. Rayon. Electronmg.. Orsay, France. 82-114d

EaatmanD E. GeeraemfcnkMA efectmnk strncmm of Sf (WI I ad St (f f 11mrfmem s emmsreportJ fbc Sri Terhnol 17:492-5@, IWO. IBM Thomm J. Wstson Res. Ctr., Yorktown Heights, NY,82-1!4a

Fkhcr M E & SelkeW. Mofmly maay commessnmtapfmmh ●slmpk!skgm4e2.Phyr R*u. Len. 44: 1502-S, IW3. Cornell Univ.. Baker Lab.. khaca. NY i Univ. Saarfandes,Inst.Theor. Pbys., Saarbmcken, PRG. 824657

155

ABC

18 18 36

8 3846

5 22 27

7 21 2a

3 23 26

4 22 26

6 31 37

5 20 25

12 25 37

6 3440

8 17 25

10 26 36

kJMseg@?k mm

MaterJabS&se (cex+&.w2)

Gremer J H, Ktrcher C 1. Klepncr S P, Lahiri S K. Wamecke A J. Bmavaiah S, Yen E T. Baker J M.BrosiousP R, Hua.g H-C W. Murakami M & Ames I. Fabric.@@ W’CWJLWIW bzapkce= -tedchcults. {EM J Rm hW/OP 24.195.205,19&3 IBM Thomas J Watson Res. C!r. Y@k!ownHeights.NY; IBM Gem. Prod Div. bb., San Jose.CA.

Hikami S, Larkin A 1 & Nagaoki Y. SpJworb& SMemclJon -d !amg8a6zMmzce h he twodkamdansl m- system. Pmgr. Fheor Phys KYofo 6370’-10, 1980 KYOIOUniv,, Res. hint.Fund. Phyk.. KYOIO,Japan.824336

Hjalmarson H P. Vogl P. Wolford D J & Dow J D. Them-Yof mA@mtbaJ dsep tra~ h cadam!semteur?dactom.Phy. R*v. Leo. 44:8103. 19fJ3 Univ Illinois. Dept. Phy$.& Mat. Res. LabCored. Sci. Lab. .S Dcpf. Ekc. EnE Urbana. IL: Univ. Grsz. Inst. Them Phys.. Cm.. Auslria,IBM ThormmJ. Walson Rm. Ctr.. Yorktown Hcigh[s. NY. Sokr Energy Res. hut.. Golden, CO82-06S9

KawaguchiY & Kawaii S Ne$akJv@!a6geel_as!ce b &xm IIOW MOS bavemti kayem./ Phys. .SOC. Jnn 4S:W-7CKI. 1980 Gakushuin Women’s Jr. Coil,. Gakushuin Univ Dept. Phys.,Tokyo. Japsn.“8243306

KnightsJ C Growth eaerpbobay ad delecmti p-a~depcdted *.S6JSfilms.J Non.Cryd So6ds 35/36 159-70. I‘?&3Xerox Palo Aho Res. Ctr., Palo Al lo, CA. 82A3W8

MikeskaH J. Noe.fkQr dym.mdax d ckdcd oa-d&cx4sswd mmtktam%ag$-zm.

J. Phys —C—Soltd StaIe Phys 13:291>23. 19B3 Unw. Hmmover. Inst. Theor. Phys Hannover.PRG .824952

Reynolds P J. StanleyH E K Klein W Lwge-ceklM.%weGE% maomxkkmka~ greap b percekz~a.Phys. Rev B—Condensed MaIf.r 21.1223-45, 1980. Boston Univ., DepI. P@ & Ctr. Polym.Stud.. Boston, MA. 82-1279

RtedingerL L, Andersen0. Fra.ended S, Garrett J D, Gamdhoie JJ, HagemannG B, Hcrskind B.Makovetzky Y V. Waddingion JC. Guwm’mcn M & T@n P O. Fmqac=cy a~ ?J&r6wsc&sA22catkmcdES6!3s&ePa!4 cmd+asn. Phy~ R#v. Lerf U: W&72, 19S0. Univ. Copenhagen. N!elsBohr Inst,, Copenhagen,Denmark; McMaster Univ., Hamilton. Canada; Univ. Bergen, Jnst.P6Ys.,

Bergen, Univ. Ode, In$[. Phys. Oslo. Not-way.82-0506Silvers I F & WakravenJ T M. SksbL4Jsa55unof at-kLiydrcgcsSIJowtempermmm.Phy$ Rev .btf

44: lbi-8, 1980,Univ. Amsterdam, Natuurkundig, Lab., AmWmJnm, the Ne[herJsnti.Spicer W E. Lindau L SkeathP. Su C Y & Chye P. UzdfJ4 meck%s f- Scbottky-baw$m

leru!mtkmamdJII-V OXMSfaterke $tmt-. Phys. Rev Lefl 44203, IW23. Stsnford UnivElectron. Labs., Stanford, CA. .92.0539

van der Vuxt J F, Himpsel F J & Eastmsn D E. S6m.rmm4spax&xt 4/-core. Jewelb&z4kgemqskak mtlace s= w killl). Is(IQW-(SXII, ad -mk!e IrlW31.(lxlL Phys R.”. hu 4189-92.

19B0 IBM Thomas J. Watson Rcs. C!r.. Yorktown Heights. NY.White C W, Whom S R, Appleton B R & Young F W. %pemakmtmedezbzdtatk?xdxQeyaIoeraedby

km f+kzmdorn a&d?* *r ame~ OJ gr.mP-UJ d @’oaP-V ~?M3 b *aa. J App/

PAYI 51:738-49, 19S0.Oak Ridge N-II. Lab SoJidSmte Div., Oak RidK, TN. 82-2407

4 23 27 Abbcm L F & Bamett R M. The .4fect OJIIQ2 ad a. mrmcrka om%* of QCD. AmI Phys. NY

125:27&XP3, IW3. Slanford Univ., SLAC, Stanford, CA. 824S18116 34 W Bander M, SiJvermanD & Soni A. Meckm% lot he dJOeremeJm!fMJrassOSche.iJP4aed mzasmf

LJ.mm. Phyr Rev. LcIf 4:7-9, 19WI.Univ. Calif., Dept. Phys.. Jrvine,CA. 82447810 19 29 Barger V, Keung W Y & Phillips R J N. Omv ●nd , pmdmctkmTk SYBS.XI.Ph.vr .kf 89 I :253-8,

19JKI.Univ. Wisccmsm.Dept. Phys,, Msdiscm,W 1; Rutherford bb., Chiltm, UK. 82%9826 67 93 Bwss A J. AsJE@okk fmcde= h deaP bebik pm b 16Gh- order and &yc&. Rev

Mod Phy$. 52199-276, 1960. Fermi NMI Accel. hh.. Batt.ia. IL. .9241815 20 25 CasalbuoniR & Gatto R. %bcom$ansm mdsk of qmt!rh mti !epmzs. Phys Lett B 93:47-52, 19fX,

lNFN, Florence Sect Florence, Italy, Univ. Geneva, Dept T6eor. Phys., Geneva, Swimerfand.824312

2 39 41 Creutz M A#ymptokic-1~ wakea.Phy$ Rrv .Lrft 45:313-6, 1980. Brookhaven Nmtl.Lab., Dept.Phys., Upton, NY. 820314

6 23 29 Dclorme 1, Ericson M. F@reau A & Giraud N. Cc4tkaJopdescemceet tlw zuekm pkmafkkd$posakkJeevbbme b fh Ml (15.1J lk4eVlform (actor 01 12C. Phju LCII. B 8’+327 -32, 19K2 Univ.Claude-Bemard ILyon l), lnsl. N.cl. Phy!.. Lyon. France. YJ2-0408

4 22 26 DesplanquesB, Doneghue J F & Holstein B R. U6dfJada-aaimaat01lb JWEJtyvkob~ m.ckenrIorcr. Ann Phy$ NJ’ 124449.95, 1980. CNRS, Inm Nucl. Phys., Omay, France, Ma- InslTechnol., Lah Nucl. Sci and Dept. Phys Cambridge, MA, Nati. Sci. Fdn Div. Phys.,Washington, DC.

3 23 26 Dimopoulm S Teckudec.hmd s@ataren. Nucf Phys B 16869-92, 1980. Slanford Univ., Dept.Phys., Stanford, CA. 824314

II 45 56 Dokshirzcr Y. L, Dyakonov D J & Troyan S I. JJrnrdprocessesh q@nx4c!mchromodymamka.Phys Rep —Rev See! Phy. Letf C 58:27*395. 19R13Leningrad NUCLPhys. ln%t..Leningrad,USSR. 8243181

7 23 33 Donoghue J F & JohnsonK. Tke PJonand ●mhproved sutkcbag mc-d@LPhys Rev D—PmI Field,

21 1975-85. 19(?0 Mass. Jnst.Technoi., Lab N.cl. Sci. & DcpL. Phys Cambridge, MA 8243[712 32 44 Fntzsch H & Minkowski P. ‘2& p=u.keof mwdcpkwaScde-ceyssad 1- reazfndo.. Phys Left B

90455-9, 198c. Umv. Bern, Inst Theor Phys., Bern. Switzerknd. 824478

156

A DC B%4iqyapkk Kkak#

T2m5uedcaf~tuy ?mkk Pbylda {co~)

4 32 36 Lacomhc M, Loisem B, Ricbmd J M. Vinh-Mm.! R. Cote 1, Fires P & de ToumeiJR. PsmmemkzadmOt k M N-N ~mtkaf. Phys R-v, ~hC/. fiyS, 21:861-73,1980,CNRS, 10s[,yhlc1. F%)%,

Orsay; Univ. Paris VI, LPTPE. Pm-is,France 82-177911 17 2S Lipkin H J. MaBmefkmosaentnof quarks, fepfem and kudmsst ● W140ESdBlhffy IW coEspodfe

mdefs. Phys. LcfI B 89:35$62, 1980. Fermi Nail. AcceL Lab., Batavia: Argonne Nail. hb,,Argonne. IL: Weizmann Inst. Sea.,Rehovot. Ismel,

9 23 32 MohafMtra R N & Mmshak R E. Local B-L SyM~E~ 01 ekcmow~ kowacfbim, m+mna

&em_ and wmtron twc~doas. Phys. Rev. Lert 44:1316-9, 19S0. CUNY, Dept. Pbys,, Y4ew‘ork, NY; Virginia Poly!ech. Inst. and StateUniv,. Dept. Phys.. Blacksburg.VA. .s2-0312

5 20 25 TerazawaH. SohqwaA model of Ieptonsad qmarks.Phys. Rev. D—Pdrf. Fickfx 22:184-99, 19&3.

Univ Tokyo, Inst. Nucl. Study & Lab. Intematl. Colkb. Elem. Pwf. Phys., Tokyo, Japan.82.0312

ExperfrdeumlEkmemmy Pmdck Phydcs

18 28 46 Andrews D, Berkelman K, Billing M, Cabenda R, Cause]D G, DeW ire J W, Ehrlich R, FcrBusonT,Gentile T, Gibbard B G, Gilchriese M G D, Gittelman B, Hmfill D L, Herrup D, Herdinger M,Kreinick D L, Larson D, Mistry N B, Nordherg E, PeggsS, Perchonok R, Plunkett R K, SeemanJ,ShinskyK A, SiemannR H, Silvermm A, Stein P C, Stone S, ?alman R, Thonemann H G, WebcrD, Bebek C, H.tggertyJ, JzenJ M, Kline R, Loomid W A, Pipkin F M, ?menbaum W. Wilson R,SadoN A L BridgesD L, Chadwick K, Ganci P, Kagan H, Lobkawitz F. Metcalf W, Ol$en S L,Poling R, RoscnfeldC, RucinskiG, Thomdike E H, Warren G, BechisD. Chsng G K, hnky R,Mueller J J. Potter D, SannesF, Skubic P, Stone R, Brody A. Chcn A. Goldberg M, Horwitz N,KandaswamyJ, Kooy H, Lariccia P, Moneti G C, Whitman R, Alam M S. Csorna S E, Pmwim R S& Poucber J S. Obuwadoa of Ike npdfon staws.Phy. Rev. Lat. 44:1108-11, 1980. Cornell

Univ., [thaca; JthacaCOIL, Ithaca; f..?Moyne CoIl., Syracuse:SyracuseUniv., Syracuse,UnivRoches!cr. Rochester.NY; Ham’ardUniv., Cambridge, MA; Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, NJ,Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville,TN. 82-0183

5 33 3.9 Andrews D, BerkelmanK, Cabenda R, CasselD G, DeWire J W, Ehrlich R, PergusonT, Gentile T,Gilchricsc M G D, Gmelms. B, Hmfill D L, Herrup D. Herzlinger M, Kreinick D L. Mis.tryN B.Nordberg E, Perchonok R, Plunkett R, ShtnskyK A, Siemsnn R H, Silverman A. Stein P C, StoneS, Talman R, Thonemann H G, Weber D, Bebck C, Ha~crfy J, Izen J M, Loomis W A, Pipkin FM, Rohlf J, Tanenbaum W, Wilson R, SadcdfA 1, Bridges D L. Chadwick K, Ganci P, Kagm H,kCass R. Lobkowicz F. MelissiwasA, Olsen S L, Poling R, RcsenfeldC, Rucinski G, Thorndike EH, Warren G, BechisD, Mueller J J. Potter D, SmmesF. Skubic P, Stone R, Bmrfy A. Chen A,Goldberg M, Horwitz N, KandaswamyJ, Kooy H, LnricciaP, Moneti G C, Alam M S, Cmma S E,Panrim R S & PoucherJ S. Ohmaffon ofs Ioafb IIpakfomwatt h ● ‘e - audb88d06?.Phys, Rev Left 45:219-21,1980.Cornell Univ., Ithaca. Ithaca Colf,. I!haca: k Moyne Ccdl ,Syracuse,SyracuseUniv., Syracuse;Univ. Rochester, Rochester,NY; Harvard Univ., Cambtid8c,MA; RutgersUniv., New Brunswick.NJ; Vanderbilt Univ.. Nashville,TN. 82-0183

2 26 28 BahcallJ N, Luhow S H, Huebner W F, Magee N H, Merts A L, Argo M F, Parker P D. Rozsnyai B& Ultich R K, New 8c.far.nemrfIIofJ~ caknbffom sod kqafJcdons resardfxs 8mImkI0odfkdoa?.Phys Rev. Le/t 45945-8, 1980. JIUI.Adv. Study. Princeton. NJ. b Af@mos NSIJ Lab., LcuAlamo$, NM: Yale Umv., New Haven. CY; LawrenceLivermorc Lab., Livermore: Univ. CaIiJ.,LosAngeles, CA. 82-W49

2 30 32 Bainum D E, Rapaport J, Goodman C D. Horen D J, FosterC C, Greenfield M B .S Gouldmg C A.06servsdou of +8( pmfde-hofe mons-en h ~OZrfP,n) %b. phys. Rev LeIf. 44:175 t-4. 1980.Oh)o Univ., Athens, OH; Oak Rtdge Natl. Lab.. Oak Ridge, TN; Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN;Florida A&M Univ., Tslkhassce, FL. 824653

9 18 27 Barger V, Whisnant K, Cline D & Phillips R J N. PonafbkaImJJcntkorn01nemrknood2fadoas.Phys. Len B 93:194-8, 1980. Univ. Wisconsin, Dept. Phys., Madison. WI; Fermi Natl. Accel. Lab,,Batavia, IL, Rutherford Lab., Cbifton, UK. 82-0132

10 24 34 Bartel W, Can?.kr ?, Cord! D. Diitmann P, Eichler R, Fefm R, Heid! D. Kawabam S, Kmhbtel H.NarosksB, ONeill L H, OlssonJ, Sleffen P, Yen W L, Elsen E, Helm M, PelersenA, Warming P,Webw G, Dtwmm H, Heintti J, Heinzelmann G, Heuer R D, von Krogh 1, knnen P, MatsumuraH, Noaki T, RiescbergH, Wagner A, Dmvill D C, Foster F, Hughes G, Wriedt H, Alfiin 1,Armitage J, Duerdofh 1, Ha.wardJ, Loebinger F. King B, Mscbeth A, MUISH, Murphy P G,Prosper H, StephensK. Clarke D, Goddard M C. HedgecockR, Mwshc.11R, PearceG F, lmcmiM,KobayashiT, Komamiya S, Koshiba M, Minowa M, Orito S, Sato A, Suds T. Takeda H, ?ofsukaY. Wstatubc Y, Yamada S & YanagisawDC, OfmervMJODof pkW!S#dkme.jetCVCII19 km e+ ●–

a@kMfoB ad ●?kdencc Ior gfnoa bremwsfmbkmq+ Phyr. LUI1. S 91: 142-?, 1980. DESY,Hamburg: Univ. Hamburg, Jnsf.Exp. Phy%.JJ,Hamburg; Univ. HeideJbzrg,Jnst.Phys.,Heidelberg, FRG; Univ. Lancasfer,Lancmter; Univ. Mmchesfer, Manchester;Rutherford hb..Chifton, UK, Univ. Tokyo. Lab. Jntl.COO. Ekm. Part. Phys., Tokyo. Japan.824J[81

13 27 40 Bohringer T, Co$tantiniF, Dobbins J, Franzini P, Hsn K. Herb S W, Kaplan D M, Ledernmn L M,Magerm G, PetersonD, Rice E, Yoh J K, Finocchlaro G, Lee-Franzini J, Giannini G,SchamhergerR D, Sivertz M, SpencerL J & Tut! P M. Observadon 01Y, V , ●d V mltba Co#neffEkcfrm StorageRlmE.Phyf Rcw kf 44:1111-4, 1980.Columbia Univ., New York; SUNY, StonyBrook. NY. 82.0183

157

ABC

14 KJ44

9 20 29

4 23 27

285078

3 24 n

3 24 27

1 31 32

4 b> 69

fmsf~n?lphkcmm

Esw!!e.ml Ekrnawwy?artfcfoWyafm(coB*cdl

Bmndelik R, Bmunschwci@W, Gather K, Kadansky V, Lu6ekmeyerK, Maui; P, Martyn H U, PciseG. Rimkus 1, Sm!der H G, Schmitz D, Shultz von DrmtzigA, Trines D, Wallraff W, Boemcr H.FischerH M. Hartmmm H, Hilger E, Hillcn W. Knop G, Leu P, Lohr B. Wedemeyer R, WermcsN, Wolk[adl M, Cmsel D G, Hcyland D, HultschigH, Jom P, Koch W, Koehler P, KOIZ U,Kowal!K! H, bda8e A, Luke D, Lynch H L, Mikenberg G, J40tzD. Fyrlik J. Riethm.ller R,SchhwsM, ScdtngP, Wiik B H, Wolf G, Fohnna”n R, Holder M, Poelz G, Ringel J, Romer O.Rusch R, SchmuscrP, Binnie D M, Dornan P J. Downie N A, Gsrbut! D A. JonesW G, Lloyd SL, Pandouks D, Pewner A, Sedgker J. Yarker S. Youngnmn C, BmrfowR J, Cuhmore R J.IIlingworthJ, OM M, Roe B, Salmon G L. Bell K W, ChinowskyW, Foster B, Han JC, ProudfootJ, OuarrkeD R. Saxon D H. Woodwoflh P L. EisenbergY, Karshon U, Revel D. RomatE, ShapiroA, Freemsn J, Lccomw P, Meye~T, Wu S L & Zobcrni8 G. Re#d atewtb OScbmged pnti$sSk?#fckyh bkghetlagy ●+ ●– ana!kkkti=. Php Lett 8 8%41 8-12, 1980 RWTH. Jnst,Pfnys.i, Aachen, U“{. Bonn, lnst. Phys., Bonn: DESY, HmnburB Univ. Hamburg. Inst. Exp, Phys. 11,Hamburg, FRG: Imperial CoIl. Sci, Technol ., Depr. Phys., London: Oxford CJniv.,Dept. Nucl. PhysRutherford kab ChtNon, UK: W ewnm”” I“s I.Sci Rehovot, Israel; Univ. W iscrmstn,Dent. Phvs..Msdison, WI. 82-0181

De Rujuk A, Lusignoli M, Maiani L, Petcov S T & Petronzio R. A kesh kak ●t ~mrknemcktklfo=. N.c/ Ph V$ B 16854-68. 19811 CERN. Geneva. Switzerland.82-0312

EastmanD E. Donclo”’J J, Hien N C & Himpscl F J AmeJ&pmJdz!mkr?ordkp2nyamlymr $yste~foe ekctm.n ewrgy and a~ub? ~emm~am.. N.cl Inswwn Method Phys Res. 172:327-36,

1980, IBM Thomas J. Watson Res. Ctr,, Yorktown Height%NY.Elchten E, Got[fried K, Kinoshita T, Lane K D & YDn T M. CJsfm~m: compati wkih

e~mrfment. Phvf R.. D-ParI Ffe/dr 21:20} 33. 19S0. Cornell Univ.. Lab. Nucl. Stud.. I!haca,N~. 82.0183 -

Finocchiaro G, Gi.nnini G, Lee-Franzini J. SchambergerR D. Sivmlz M, SpencerL J. Tuts P M,Bohringer T. Cmtantini F, Dobbins J. Franzim P, HamK. Herb S W, Kaplan D M. Ledcmmn L M,M@gerasG, PetersonD, Rice E. Yoh J K & Levmcn G. Otirvadom of 16cV “ ● tk Comae!!EJ.zcwonStoqe RSBS.Ph yj Rev J#ff 45:222.5. 19S4?. SUNY, Stony Brook. Columbia Univ.. NewYork, NY; LouisianaSIMe Univ.. Baton Rouge, LA. .S2-0183

Goodman C D. Goulding C A. Grecnfield M B, RapapcmJ, Lkinum D E. Fc6terC C. Low W G &Petrovwh F. Gamow-Tefk? matrksefemeatsfrma .“IP,III CFVWceck. Phys. Rev LcIf.

44:1755-9, 1980. Oak Ridgt Nat!. Lab., Oak JUdge,TN, Florida A&M Umv,; Florida StateUniv..TalJahmsee,J% Ohio Univ . Alhens, OH; Emporia SIafe Univ., Emporia. KS, lndtan~ Univ.,Bloomington, IN; UmW.Gcorg)s, Athens, GA. 8243165

Lub!mov V A, Notikov E G, Nozik V Z, Tretyakov E F & Kowk V S. Am edzaa!$ of lb Vcm.zsf!mea &@ p.n~tamra o! trktka h b vdf.zc +de. Phy~ LeIf B 94266-8, 1980 lnst. TheorExfl. Phys.. MWOW, USSR. 824312

ReinesF. Sobel H W & PasierbE. Ev!-dawwIW ~mkm kmsxbFJl$Y.Ph w Rcv Lerf 45 IW- I I.1980.Untv. Calif., DepI. Phys., Irvine, CA. 8243312

.,

Takb 2: 19S2ISR ‘u researchfrontswhichcontaintwoor more 1980most-citedphysicalwiencesfupem ● coredocuments.A= researchfront number. B = rcs.sarchfront n8me. C= number of 19&3most-cuedphysics!sciencespapersincludedinthe core of each res.cmcbfront. D = total number cdcore documcmsin each research[mm!.

A

82418182-0183824257824W6

824312

824231482-03lfJ

82442!82-0478824350882-0653

824703

82491782095282-1148

s

Pemurbativequantum chromodynamic!. hadmn jets, structurefunctions,a“d quarks(luarkonia, in:crquark forces, fkvor i“depcndence.●nd cbmnud pmicksRadio observations,kinemnticd ●nalysis.md the structureof lbc Balacticrmdtomurce SS433Effects01Anderson localizationin disorderedsystemson magncloresismnce,conductance,andZecman splittingGrand unified theories,proton decay, “eutrino masses.ffivor dynamacs,●nd Higgs bosoninthe SO(10)modelLatticeuaugetheory, quark confinement.snd strongand weakcoupfingQuantum chronmdynarnicsat a dynamicsof loops. the loop spacesolutioncd 2-dimensionalqusntum cbromcdymmics, ●nd the large N limit for eucfidennfidd lheorie$Surface-enhancedRaman scatlrnn8Propertiesof non-leptonic and charmed mesondecaysPm+wflim 01●morphous hydrcgenntedsilicon, with emphasison preparation by sputteringNuclear structure:Gamow-Teller states,spin excitations,txial Pcdarizabilities,and $catteringatinmnmediateenergiesChemicalcompositionand structureof globubr clusters.cstmgnkcuc objects.●ndgaseousnebulaMultiphoton ioni~tion studiesSoJitonsin one-dimensionalmagnets,sine-Gordon systems,cnd equilibrium dynamicsElectronicstructureof siliconcrystak

c

5524

11

72

5222

2

222

D

m264

17

a

4311

27}4244

56

1185

158

research fronts. We have just completedprocessing ZSR for August-December1982. Ths has provided some interestinginsights on the number of SCI researchfronts not covered by review articles. Iwant to stress that it is the entire SCIwhich is used to identify research fronts,not just the articles selected for LSR.

The numbers of the relevant 1982 re-search fronts from Table 2 follow the au-thors’ addresses in Table 1. Of the 17 pa-pers not included as core documents inLSR research fronts, five are core docu-ments in lSVGeoSciTech researchfronts. These research front numbersare distinguished by asterisks in Table 1.Five are core papers in 1981 researchfronts. Four of these are included in re-search front specialty 81-0032, “Trappedradiation, formation of rings, and ener-getic particle fluxes in the magneto-sphere of Saturn.” The fiith paper is con-tained in research front specialty81-0167, “Paleomagnetism of Creta-ceus and Tertiary rocks from the Medkterranean Sea region and cause of Creta-ceous-Tertiary extinction.” Three addi-tional papers are citing documents in theZSI/GeoSciTech research fronts, andone other paper appears as a citing doc-ument in an L$l/CompuA4afh researchfront.

We fully expect that by the time the1983 editions of ISR and ISI/GeoSci-Tech are compiled, the remaining eightpapers in this study wilf also havebecome core documents in 1S1 researchfronts. The names of research fronts, in-cidentaUy, are derived from the wordsand phrases most frequently used in thetitles of the articles that cite core docu-ments. Indeed, research front namescan be used as an alternative method ofclassifying the papers in th~ study.

Sixteen of the papers in Table 1 aresingle-author works. Twenty-two listtwo authom, 27 have three, 14 have four,and eight have five. Four papers haveseven authors, and two list eight. Onepaper each lists nine, ten, 11, 12, 19,20,22, 23, 62, 66, 73, and 86 authors. Thelatter four papers are from the field ofexperimental elementary particle phys-

ics, where much of the research requiresthe use of gigantic particle accelerators.These experiments require enormouscollaborative effort. The avemge num-ber of authors per paper in this group is26. I should point out that this number isnot remarkable-in our study of themost-cited 1979 physical sciences pa-pers, the experimental particle physicspapers averaged 39 authors each!7 Itseems to me, however, that perhaps thistype of multiple-author study cries outfor the kind of reforms I have spoken ofin the past,s in which most contributorsare given credit in an acknowledgmentsection, rather than as authors in the by-line.

Ninety-six authors have more thanone paper in Table 1. Of these, 93 havetwo papers fisted. Only three authors—D.G. Cassel, D.E. Eastman, and E. Wit-ten—have three papers in Table 1.

TabIe 3 lists the 33 journals that pub-lished the most-cited articles in th~study. Four journals account for overhalf of the papers. They are: PhysicalReview Letters, 28 papers; Physics Let-ters B, 16; Physical Re vie w D—Partic!esand Fields, 7; and Science, 7. PhysicalReview Letters has topped the journallist each year since 1976.T.~ I I

The authors in this study are affiliatedwith 118 institutions in 18 different coun-tries. Table 4 lists these institutions indescending order of the number of pa-pers produced. Sixty-two institutions arelocated in the US—a significant increaseover our last two studies. There were 44US institutions in our study of the 1978physical sciences papers, 11and 48 in oursurvey of the 1979 moat-cited articles.THowever, the number of papers from USinstitutions has actually decreasedslightly. In our study of the 1979 physicalsciences papers, the number of papersfrom US institutions was 88. Of these, 15were coauthored with scientists fromother countries. In this study, 73 paperswere produced by authors with US insti-tutional affiliations. Fourteen of thesepapers were collaborative efforts withauthors from other countries. Thus, thenumber of institutions increased without

159

T&Me3: The 33 journals representedon the list of 19S0phpical science$Ppers most cited in 19W 19S1.Thenumber’sin parenthcws ●rc the impsct facto= for thejoumafn (19S0impact fsc[or equals the number of cita-tions receivedby 1978-1W9 srticlesin ● journal dbidedby the numbm of mticlespublishedby thejournal duringthesameperiod). Dats weretakenfrom the 19S0Journal

Cmwioa Reportse. The figures w the right indicatethenumber of p.pers from eachjoumd which●ppearson thelist.

Phys.Rev. J-c(I.(5,41Phys. ktt, B (3.6)Phys.Rev. D—Part. Fields(2.6)Science(5,7)Astrophy%J.(4.0)J Chem. Phys. (3.2)Nuc], Phys.B (4.3)Phys. Rev. B—Condensed Mstter (2,6)Ann Phys NY (2.9)Astron As!rophys. (2.51Re,. Mod. Phys.(9.3)surf*ce SC!. (3,0)Electron. Lett. ( 1.2)IBM 1. Rcs. Develop. (1.1)lEEEJ. Quantum Electron. (3.1IJ Appl, Phys. (1.6)J.Magn. Resonance(2.1)J. NomCryw. Solk3s(2.7)J.Phys.—Paris(1.2)J. Phys. SOC.JPII.{!.5)J.Phys.—A—Mtth. Gen. (1.61J. Phys.-–Solidid StatePhys. (2.9)J.Vat. Sci. Technol. (2.11Jpn. 1. Appl. Phys. {0.8}Mon. Notic. Roy. AsIron. Sot. (2.5)Nucl. Instrum. Method Phys. Res. (1.2)Pbys J.ml.All IIPhys, Rep.—Rev. Sect. Phys. utt. C (7, I IPhys.Rev, C—f!ucl. Phys.(1.81Phy$. Ser. (1.4)Progr. Thcor. Phys.Kyo(o ( I 51Rev. Geophys. SpacePhy! (1.9)SolidSt.te Commun. ( I 9)

2s16

7

7

6

4

4

4

2

2221I1I11IIIII1I11I1II1I

a corresponding increase in the numberof papers. These results imply that cur-rent research in the physical sciences isbeing produced at a greater number ofinstitutions than ever before.

Of the remaining institutions in Table4, ten are located in the Federal Repub-lic of Germany (FRG ), while France hasnine, and the United Kingdom (UK) hasseven. Italy and Japan are each repre-sented by five institutions, and Denmarkand Switzerland by three each. It shouldbe noted that CERN, located in Geneva,Switzerland, is actually a consortium of12 European nations. Canada, Israel,Norway, and Sweden each have two in-stitutions in the table. Austria, Finland,Hungary, Mexico, the Netherlands, andthe USSR are each represented by one

institution. All of the papers in Table 1were published in English.

Of the institutions represented in Ta-ble 4, the University of California pro-duced nine papers-more than any oth-er institution. Cornell University andHarvard University foUowed with seveneach. Stanford University produced sixpapers. Interestingly, CERN appearedonly four times—a total identical withthat of the 1979 study,T but down sub-stantially from the 1978 total of 19. ~I

Table 5 lists the national affiliations ofthe authors included in Table 1, in orderof the total number of pape”rs on whichauthors from each nation appeared. As Imentioned earlier, US authors were rep-resented on 73 of the 105 papers in thisstudy. Of these, 59 papers listed authorsfrom the US alone. The remaining 14papers were coauthored with scientistsfrom Austria, France, the FRG, Israel,Mexico, the UK, and the USSR.

The six subject categories representedin Tabfe I are: chemical physics, quan-tum field theory, astrophysics and geo-physics, materials science, theoreticalelementary particle physics, and experi-mental elementary particle physics. Itshould be kept in mind, however, thatthese distinctions are made as a matterof convenience, and do not necessarilyreflect the way that physicists or othersmight classify the papers. The line be-tween chemical physics and physicalchemistry, for instance, is often quitethin.

Nineteen papers in Table 1 are fromthe field of chemical physics. Nine of thepapers in this group deal explicitly withsome aspect of spectroscopy or withlasers. Five more are concerned primari-ly with the Raman effect, or the changein the wavelength of light after it hasbeen scattered by particles of a givenmaterial. 1z The remaining five papersdeal with various subjects of interest tochemical physicists.

Nineteen papers in this study deal withquantum field theory. Briefly, quantumfield theory states that systems com-posed of matter or energy may exist only

160

Tshk 4t The institutional●ff~itions cd (he authorson thelist. [nstilutions am fisted in dmcendj”g ~~er of thenumber of papersproduced.

Lfmv Califomi., CA.Berkeley] 32A Jolla 3Irvine 1Los Angek~ 2Livermore ISama Barbara f

Cornell Univ l[haca, NYHarvard Univ., Cambridge, MA2Stanford Umv., CA3Brll Labs., NJ”

Murray Hill 5HoJmdel 1

IBM”Thomas J. Vafson Res Cm 5

York!own Heighm, NYGen. Prod. Div. Lab., San Jose,CA 1

Mas$acbuw!lsJnst.Technol., Cambridge, MAUnw Pmis, France

VJ Pierre et Marie C“ne, park 4X1 Paris-Sud, Orsay I

Acad. Sci. USSRLeningrad Nucl. Phys, Jnm, 1lnsl. Theor. Exp. Phys,, Moscow 1L.D. Landau Jnst.Theor. Phys,, 1

MoscowCalifornia Jnst.Technol., Pasadem, CACERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRutherford Lab., Chilton. UKUniv. W]sconsin, Madison, WJBmokhavcn Nafl. Lab., Upton, NYCUNY, New York, NYFermi Nat]. Accelerator Lab., B.taria, ILNatl. Ins( Nucl. Phys. (INFN), Jtaly -

PisO 2Florence fMilan I

Oak Ridge N.11,Lab,, TNFrinccfon Univ., NJSaclaYNucl. Res. CIr, (CENSI. Gif-sur-Y.e[(c.

k%nccUniv. Colorado, Boulder, COUnw. Jlfinois.Urbana. ILUniv. Lo”don. UK

Jmpen,alCOIL Sci. TechnoJ.Queen Mary Coil,Univ. CoIl. Londcm

Xerox, Palo Alto Rcs. Clr., CACarnegie1“s1.Washi”g!o”, Pasadena,CACNRS, Jnw.NucJ.Phys., Orsay, FranceColumbm Univ., New York, NYFlorida A&M Univ. Tallahassee,FLGerman EJecIronSy”chrotron {DESY ).

Hamburg, FRGIndiana Univ., Bloomington, JNJnst.Advmced Study. Princeton. NJJthscaCoIl. NYLe MoyrIc Coil., Syracmc, NYMax Planck SOC., FRG

Inst Amc.n., Katknburg-Linda”Ins!. Radioastron., BomI

NASAAmes-Res. Ctr.. Molfeu Field, CAGcddard SpaceFfight C1r. (G SFC),

Greenbelf, MDNatL Bum.” Standards,Boulder, COOhio Univ., A1hen$.OHOxford Univ UKRu[gers Univ., New Brunswick,NJScuols Not-maleSuperiore, Pwa, haly

II1

II

11

9

77b5

5

55

4

4444J333

333

333

322222

22’2

;

2

22222

51JNY, Stony Brook, NYSyracuseUniv., NYUniv. Arizona, T“eson, AZUniv. Copenhagc”, DenmarkUniv. Hamburg, FRGUniv. Rochester,NYUmv Tokyo, JapanVa”derbill UtItv., Nashville,TNWeizma”” Inst.SC,.,Rchovot, ],rae]Argonne NsII. Lab., ILBattefleColumbus Labs., Col.mb”s, OHBoston Univ MABrigham Young Univ., Provo, UTComputer SciencesCorp., Silver Spring, MDEcole Nornmle Supencure, Paris, FranceEmporia StateUniv KSEotvos Lorand Umv B“dapcst, HungmyFlorida Stale Univ., Tallahawce, FLGaku$hum Univ., Tokyo, JapanGnkushui” Women’s Jr CoIf., Tokyo, JapanGcddard Jnst.SpaceStudies,New York, NYHebrew Univ., Jerwalem, JwoelHelsmk) Univ Techncd FinlandHerzberg hw As(rophys,, Victoria, CanadaIowa StateUniv Ames, JAKansasS1ateUniv Ma”haltan, KSKit! Peak Natl, Observ., Tucson, AZKYom Univ., JapanLab. Annecy-fe-Vieux Pbys. Pm {LAPP), FranceLab. Chem, Mineral Appl,, Nancy, FranceLament.Doherty Gecd, Obwrv., Pali~des, NYLibra [l”iv., Tremo, IIalyLoutsianaStateUniv., Baton Rouge, LALowell Observ Flagstaff,AZMcMaster U“iv Hamilton. CanadaMwtich Techn. Univ., Garcbing, FRGNail, Cm Exploil. Oceans,Bres!, FranceNatl. .%i. Fdn,, Washington, DCNMJ U“i*. Mexico, Melico City. MexicoNipfmn Telegraph & Telephone Public Corp.,

Tokyo. Jaf)anNordisk JIM. Theor. Atomic Phys. (NORDJTA ),

Cop”hagen, DenmarkOhio Sfsm Umv., Columbus. OHRhme-Westphalia Tech”, Univ. (R WTH 1,

Amchen,FRGRice Univ., Houston, TXRockwell Intemall. Cm-p., Electron. Res Ctr.,

An’heim. CASolar Ener~y Res, [nst., Golden. COStandardTelecomnmn. Labs., Hadow, UKSwedishNail. Defense Res. Insl. (FOA 1,

Stockholm, SwedenTecbn. Uni., Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark

Univ. Amsterdam, lhe NetherlandsUniv. Bergen, NorwayUniv. Bern. SwlfzerlandUniv. Bonn, FRGUniv. Cambridge, UKUniv. ChIcngo, ILUniv, Claude-Bernard, Lyon, FrarIceUniv. Dusseldorf. FRGUniv. Geneva, SwitzerlandUni.. Georgia, Athens, GAUniv. Graz, AmtriaUniv. Hannover, FRGUniv. Heidelberg, FRGUmv. Iowa, 10WOCity, JAUnw. Lancaster,UKUrn.. Lo”is Pasteur,Sirasbourg, FranceUniv. Manchester,UKUniv. Maryland, College Park, MDUniv. Ode, NorwayJniv. Pmmm,ItalyUniv. Pennsylvania.Philadelphia, PA

222222222fII1I(ffIf1II11If111[1fIIIIJIJ1

I

11

11

I11

II11ItIII1II[III1II1I1

161

Univ. S%0.haty 1Univ. S. California, Los Ank-eks.CA IUniv. %arkndcs. Smrbmckcn, FRO IUpp3alnUniv., Sweden 1US Geol, Surwey,Menlo Park. CA IVi~nia Polytech, lost. amdStateUniv., I

kSlacksbu~,VAWocds Hole OceatwgraphicInst., MA IYale Univ., New Haven. C7 I

‘Some ollhepspcnlisl more than onelocation for aninstitution.

lIncludes Los Akmos Nail. hb. NM21nc[ude~H*~ard. Smithmnhn Ctr. lor AstrOphy%ic~31mcIu&~St,nford Linesr AccelermcwC(r. ~SLAC)

T!AAs St Na[iond ●ffiliations of the authom of the 1980physicalsciencespapersmos[citedin IWO 1’UJ1,in orderof tbc total number of papers on which each nation’s●utbors *ppc8red. shown in column A B= number 01pap-wscoa.tbored wt!h xmnust%from othcrcountrics.C = IWodtly d coauthors

Cmwry All

us 13 14

France 10 5

FRG 8sUK 76

SwWcrknd b4Japan 51USSR 41Denmark 32

Israel 33

IIaly 32Canada 21Au$lru IIFinland 10H“ngwy IIMexico 11the Nctherknds I ONorway IISweden 10

c

Austrk.Frmmz, FRG,kracl, hlcxico, UK&USSRDenmark. Israel. Mexico,Switzsrknd& USIsrael, Japan.UK & USFRG, Israel,Japan& USFrance, I181y& HungaryFRG & UKusCanada. France, lw.el&NorwayDenmark, France. FRG.UK&usSwitzerlandDenmark .S Norwayus

SwitzerlandFrance& US

Canada& Denmark

in certain discrete, well-defined energystates. Transitions from one state toanother are achieved only by the gain orloss of particular bundles, or quanta, ofenergy. Ten of the papers in this cate-gory are devoted to various aspects ofgauge theory, including the most-citedarticle in this study, by Michael Creutz,Brookhaven National Laboratory, Up-ton, New York. Interactions betweenparticles of matter are described interms of gauge theories. Creutz’s paperdiscusses a possible link between threeof the laws governing the behavior ofsubatomic particles: the “strong” nu-

clear force, which hoMa atomic nucleitogethefi the “weak” nuclear force,which is responsible for radioactivedecay; and electromagnetism.

Three papers in the quantum field the-ory group deal specKlcaUy with quantumchromodynamics, which forms a sub-specialty within the larger framework ofgauge theory. It is in terms of quantumchromodynamics that the strong force isdescribed. Three more papers diicussvarious aspects of grand untied theories

(GUTS). GUTS are attempts to showthat the four fundamental forces recog-nized by physicists—gravity, electro-magnetism, and the strong and weak nu-clear forces—are but different manifes-tations of a single force.lJ The rest of thepapers in this group are concerned withvarious theoretical aspects of low-tem-perature thermodynamics; ferromagrte-tism; and phase transitions, duringwhich matter is transformed from onestate to another.

Eighteen papers in this study are fromthe fields of astrophysics and geophys-ics. Five discuss the results of Pioneerf f‘s September 1979 flyby of the planetSaturn. Five more discuss various stellarobservations and discoveries. Two pa-pers report improved techniques for ob-serving objects in the sky. Two more dis-cuss sources of heat and heat flow withhsthe Earths crust. The rest deal withvarious sub jects.

Eighteen papers come under theheading of materials science, which in-cludes disciplines concerned with thebehavior of materials when they areunder various kinds of stress and strain.This field includes the disciplines oflow-temperature and condensed-matter

physics. The latter embraces the special-ty of solid-state physics. Thirteen of thepapers in this category deal with practi-cal and theoretical aspects of semicon-ductors. The remaining five papers areconcerned with such matters as new pro-cesses for fabricating integrated circuits,studies of hydrogen at low temperatures,ferromagnetism, and percolation mod-els.

162

.- ....- . . .. . ..Articles in theoretical elementary pttr-

ticle physics account for 16 papers. Thisgroup includes the second most-cited ar-ticle on the list, a review of currenttheories concerning the behavior of in-teracting subatomic particles. The paperwas written by Andrzej J. Buras, FermiNational Accelerator Laboratory, Bata-via, Illinois, and was cited in 93 publica-tions. The majority of the remainingpapers in this group discuss variousaspects of existing theoretical modelsconcerning subatomic particles.

Experimental elementary particlephysics contributed 15 papers to the list.The third most-cited paper in the studyis a comparison of experimental datawith various theoretical models con-cerning the behavior of elementary par-ticles. The paper was written by E,Eichten and colleagues, Cornell Univer-sity, and has received 78 citations. Apaper by F. Reines and colleagues, Uni-

versny or Cauromla, mvme, ts me rourtnmost-cited paper on the list. It reportsevidence of the instability of theneutrino, an elementary particle associ-ated with the weak nuclear force. Theremaining 13 papers report various ex-perimental results.

We have now published lists of themost-cited articles in the life andphysical sciences for each year since1970. Our next study will deal with the1980 chemical sciences papers mostcited between 1980 and 1982. Later thkyear we will report on the 1981 articlesmost cited in 1981 and 1982. Since theSCI for 1982 is now completed, we willreport on the new hot spots of science alittle earfier than in previous years.

● ****

My thanks to Stephen A. Bonaduceand Yeiena Levina for their help in thepreparation of this essay. !m Is,

REFERENCES

1, Gmrfkfd E. The 19JJJarticlesmostcited in M&l and 198[. 1. Life sciencesCunwm Comz.ti (101:5-15.7 March 19S3.2. -------------- ISf’s “new” Index to Srienliftc Rrviewj USRI: ●pplying researchfront specialtysesrching10the retrieval

of the reviewliterature.Currenf Contents(39):5-12. 27 September 19S2.3, ............... AJ)CSof cluwermappiq P.rts I & 2. Most activefieldsin the Me ●nd physical$ciencesin 19?8

EsrnyJ o(an in~onnation Jcienfist. Phikdefphia: 1S1Press, 1981.Vol. 4. p. 634-49.(Reprknfedfrom: Cumm Contem (40):5-12.6 October1980●nd (41):$12. !3 October fWJ.)

4. ............... IS~s on-line symemmakessemchin8so easyevena scientistcando it: introducing METADEX automaticindexing& LSIIB1OMED SEARCJS.Currr.f Co.rents (4):5-8, 26January1981

5, --------------- [S1/CompuMath, multidisciplinarycoverageof ●pplied ●nd pure matfwmatic~.st~ti~lic*.and comPuterscience.in print ●nd!or online-take your pickt Cut-rent Contents 110):5-10, 8 March 1982.

6, ............... Introducing lSI.’GtoSciTech ●nd fhe GeoSciTech Citation Index—the 50mal-ncti.e re=arch fronls in1981in fhe earthsciencesillustrate the unique retrievalcapab!litie$01our newonline ●nd print services.Current Contents(28):5-12, 12July 1982.

7. ............... TIM 1979●rficks mostcitedfrom 1979m 1981,2, Physicalscience!.Curwnt Contents(32):5-13, 9 August 1982.

8. ............. The 1,0(0 contemporaryscienlim mow-cited 1%5-1978.Part 1. The bamcl~f and introduction.Cumenf Con!cnfs (41):5-14. 12October 19S1.

9, ............... The 1976srficlesmow cifed in 1976and 1977.2. Physicalsciences.E.mJu o! an inbmalion scI*noJf.

Philadelphia: ISI Press,1981.Vol. 4. p. 115.26.(Reprinted from: Currsnf Contenf$(17):5-16,23 April 1979.)fO. --------------- The 1977articlesmat cited from 1977to 1979.2. Physicalsciences.Jima.wo/an i#orma#ion mwalt~t.

Philadelphia:1S1Press.19S1.Vol. 4. p. 542-54.(Reprinfed from: Currenl Confem$(30):5-17. 28 July 19SC.)If. --------------- 1978articlesmat citedin f978and 1979.1. PhysicaJsciences.Essays of an tnjormation m)enost.

Phiiadclphk: ISJPress.1981.Vol. 4. p. 674-85.(Reprinted from: Currem Conimtrs(46):5-16, 17November f9S0.)12, PJfiV M, ed. The Penguin dtctionury ofphywm. Middksex, UK: Penguin Books. 1977.428p.Il. Safron C. Waiting for the end. New S.[. 85:1016-9, IWO.

CorrectJon

In the essay, “The 1980 Articles Most Ched in 1980 and 1981. 1. Life Sciences,” Current

Contenrs (10):5-15, 7 March 1983, one author’s affiliation was incorrect, The entry shouldread:

Cheung W Y. CDkmsMfss pfeys ● pfvotel role fo ceffssfer regufetion.Science 207:19-27, 1980. St. Jude Children’s Res. Hosp., Memphis, TN. 81-f 181

We regret the error,

163