The Allies Turn the TideThe Allies Turn the Tide

Chapter 24Chapter 24--11

How did the Allies turn the tide against How did the Allies turn the tide against the Axis?the Axis?

After the dark days of 1942, the Allies After the dark days of 1942, the Allies began to make important advances.began to make important advances.

Tough years of fighting lay ahead, but Tough years of fighting lay ahead, but many began to see a glimmer of hope.many began to see a glimmer of hope.

““Wolf PacksWolf Packs”” of German Uof German U--Boats patrolled Boats patrolled the Atlantic and Caribbean, sinking 3500 the Atlantic and Caribbean, sinking 3500 merchant ships and killing tens of merchant ships and killing tens of thousands of Allies seamen.thousands of Allies seamen.A new invention, radar, helped Allied A new invention, radar, helped Allied vessels locate Uvessels locate U--Boats on the surface at Boats on the surface at night.night.LongLong--range aerial bombers and underwater range aerial bombers and underwater depth charges allowed Allied forces to sink depth charges allowed Allied forces to sink UU--Boats faster than Germany could make Boats faster than Germany could make thth

Allies Battle UAllies Battle U--Boats in the Boats in the AtlanticAtlantic

The Battle of Stalingrad, 1942The Battle of Stalingrad, 1942The German Army had The German Army had stalledstalled in in Russia.Russia.

It was unable to take Leningrad It was unable to take Leningrad so Hitler changed direction and so Hitler changed direction and tried to attack tried to attack StalingradStalingrad..

He failed after almost a year. He failed after almost a year. From then on, the Red Army was From then on, the Red Army was chasing the Germans out of chasing the Germans out of RussiaRussia..

Stalingrad was one of the Stalingrad was one of the bloodiest battles of the war. bloodiest battles of the war. Everyone Everyone sufferedsuffered, fighting was , fighting was fierce.fierce.

This is the true turning point of This is the true turning point of the war in Europe.the war in Europe.

"My hands are done for, and have been ever since the beginning o"My hands are done for, and have been ever since the beginning of f December. The little finger of my left hand is missing and December. The little finger of my left hand is missing and -- what's even what's even worse worse -- the three middle fingers of my right one are frozen. I can onlythe three middle fingers of my right one are frozen. I can onlyhold my mug with my thumb and little finger. I'm pretty helplesshold my mug with my thumb and little finger. I'm pretty helpless; only ; only when a man has lost any fingers does he see how much he needs thwhen a man has lost any fingers does he see how much he needs then en for the smallest jobs. The best thing I can do with the little ffor the smallest jobs. The best thing I can do with the little finger is to inger is to shoot with it. My hands are finished."shoot with it. My hands are finished."

Anonymous German soldier Anonymous German soldier

"I was horrified when I saw the map. We're quite alone, without "I was horrified when I saw the map. We're quite alone, without any any help from outside. Hitler has left us in the lurch. Whether thishelp from outside. Hitler has left us in the lurch. Whether this letter gets letter gets away depends on whether we still hold the airfield. We are lyingaway depends on whether we still hold the airfield. We are lying in the in the north of the city. The men in my unit already suspect the truth,north of the city. The men in my unit already suspect the truth, but they but they aren't so exactly informed as I am. No, we are not going to be caren't so exactly informed as I am. No, we are not going to be captured. aptured. When Stalingrad falls you will hear and read about it. Then you When Stalingrad falls you will hear and read about it. Then you will will know that I shall not return."know that I shall not return."

Anonymous German soldierAnonymous German soldier

The Battle of StalingradThe Battle of Stalingrad

The Allies win in North AfricaThe Allies win in North Africa

The German Army in The German Army in North Africa North Africa surrenders in 1943.surrenders in 1943.This allowed the This allowed the Allies to move into Allies to move into Italy. The Italian Italy. The Italian people overthrow people overthrow Mussolini but Hitler Mussolini but Hitler sends troops to fight sends troops to fight for Italy. for Italy.

Tank battles dominated the fighting, pitting Tank battles dominated the fighting, pitting two brilliant tank strategists against each two brilliant tank strategists against each

other.other.American General American General George S. Patton, Jr. vs German General George S. Patton, Jr. vs German General Erwin Erwin

Rommel, the Rommel, the ““Desert FoxDesert Fox””Patton eventually defeated RommelPatton eventually defeated Rommel’’s Afrika Korps, forcing a s Afrika Korps, forcing a

German surrender.German surrender.

The Allied victory in North Africa paved the The Allied victory in North Africa paved the way for an way for an invasion of Italy, invasion of Italy, with forceswith forces

capturing Sicily.capturing Sicily.

The campaign ended the rule of Benito The campaign ended the rule of Benito Mussolini.Mussolini.

In 1943, Italy surrendered to the Allies. In 1943, Italy surrendered to the Allies.

Allies AdvancesAllies Advances

Allies Invade ItalyAllies Invade Italy

Eisenhower commanded the joint AmericanEisenhower commanded the joint American-- British forces. British forces.

This 38 day campaign gave the Allies This 38 day campaign gave the Allies control of the western Mediterranean And control of the western Mediterranean And ended the rule of Benito Mussolini.ended the rule of Benito Mussolini.

The Allies next took the fight to the air.The Allies next took the fight to the air.Bombers launched nonstop attacks against Germany.Bombers launched nonstop attacks against Germany.

massive saturation bombingmassive saturation bombingpinpoint pinpoint strategic bombingstrategic bombing

The goal was unconditional surrender. The goal was unconditional surrender.

Bombers Batter GermanyBombers Batter Germany

Saturation Bombing Saturation Bombing –– British planes British planes dropped massive amounts of bombs on dropped massive amounts of bombs on German cities.German cities.

American bombers targeted GermanyAmerican bombers targeted Germany’’s key s key political and industrial centers in strategic political and industrial centers in strategic bombing.bombing.

An African American fighter squadron, the An African American fighter squadron, the Tuskegee Airmen, played a key role in this Tuskegee Airmen, played a key role in this campaigncampaign

While battles raged in Europe, the Allies While battles raged in Europe, the Allies continued to fight Japanese advances in continued to fight Japanese advances in

the Pacific.the Pacific.At At Midway,Midway, Allied aircraft carriers and fighter Allied aircraft carriers and fighter

planes were victorious in fierce fighting.planes were victorious in fierce fighting.

American Triumph at MidwayAmerican Triumph at Midway

Admiral Yamamoto wanted to defeat the Americans at Admiral Yamamoto wanted to defeat the Americans at Midway to force them back to the California coast.Midway to force them back to the California coast.

Admiral Chester Nimitz knew this was the Japanese's Admiral Chester Nimitz knew this was the Japanese's plan since navy code breakers intercepted plan since navy code breakers intercepted Japanese messages.Japanese messages.

Torpedo planes and dive bombers sank 4 Japanese Torpedo planes and dive bombers sank 4 Japanese aircraft carriers, along with all 350 aircraft on board aircraft carriers, along with all 350 aircraft on board and many of and many of japan;sjapan;s most experienced pilots most experienced pilots America only lost one aircraft carrier.America only lost one aircraft carrier.

The Battle of Midway proved to be a major The Battle of Midway proved to be a major turning point of the war in the Pacific.turning point of the war in the Pacific.

JapanJapan’’s momentum was finally halted.s momentum was finally halted.Americans took the offensive, moving on to Americans took the offensive, moving on to

defeat the Japanese at Guadalcanal.defeat the Japanese at Guadalcanal.Now the Allies began advancingNow the Allies began advancing——toward toward

Japan.Japan.