the book of romans · the book of romans 1 ... the english-greek reverse interlinear new testament...

The Book of Romans

1:1–12 I. The Exordium (“Introduction”):

1:1–7 A. The Inauguration of Paul’s Communication with the Christians

in Rome: Sender, Apostolic Credentials, Confession, Address,

and Greeting

1:8–12 B. Thanksgiving and Causa (“Issue”): The Announcement and

Rationale of Paul’s Forthcoming Visit

1:13–15 II. The Narratio (“Statement of Facts”): The Background of Paul’s

Missionary Project

1:16–17 III. The Propositio (“Thesis, Basic Contention”): The Thesis about the

Gospel as the Powerful Embodiment of the Righteousness of God

1:18—15:13 IV. The Probatio (“Proof”): Four Proofs of the Thesis and Its

Implications for the Roman Congregations

1:18—4:25 A. The First Proof: The Gospel Expresses the Impartial

Righteousness of God by Overturning Claims of Cultural

Superiority and by Rightwising Jews and Greeks through

Grace Alone

1:18–32 1. The Revelation of Divine Wrath

1:18–23 a. Thesis and Rationale: The Exposure of Human

Suppression of the Truth about God

1:24–32 b. Elaboration: Human Distortion as a Current Indication

of Divine Wrath

2:1–29 2. The Righteous Judgment of Greeks and Jews

2:1–16 a. Diatribe concerning Impartial Judgment according to

Works

2:17–29 b. Diatribe concerning the Nonexemption of Jews from

Impartial Judgment

3:1–20 3. The Evidence of Universal Sin

3:1–8 a. Diatribe Refuting Objections to Impartial Judgment

3:9–20 b. Diatribe and Catena of Quotations Demonstrating

Universal Sin

3:21–31 4. The Righteousness of God and Setting Right of All by

Faith Alone

3:21–26 a. Thesis and Rationale Concerning the Triumph of

Righteousness in Christ

3:27–31 b. Diatribe Affirming the One God of Jews and Gentiles

4:1–25 5. Abraham and the Righteousness That Comes through Faith

4:1–12 a. Diatribe and the First Part of a Midrash Showing That

Abraham Received Righteousness by Faith before He

Was Circumcised

4:13–25 b. Expansion of the Midrash Showing That Abraham’s

Promise Comes to Those Who Are Righteous through

Faith

5:1—8:39 B. The Second Proof: Life in Christ as a New System of Honor

That Replaces the Quest for Status through Conformity to the

Law

5:1–11 1. Introduction: Righteousness in Christ Requires a New

System of Boasting

5:12–21 2. Abundant Grace in Christ Overwhelms Adam’s Reign of

Death

6:1–14 3. Diatribe and Enthymemes Concerning the Death of the

Sinful Self and the New Life in Christ

6:15–23 4. Diatribe Concerning Living to God under the Grace and the

Lordship of Christ

7:1–6 5. Syllogism Concerning Life in Christ as Freedom from the

Law

7:7–12 6. Speech-in-Character Concerning the Moral Status of the

Law

7:13–25 7. Speech-in-Character Concerning the Effect of the Law

8:1–17 8. Thesis and Rationale Concerning the Cosmic Struggle

Between Flesh and Spirit

8:18–30 9. Thesis and Rationale Concerning the Hopeful Suffering of

the Children of God

8:31–39 10. Conclusion: The Status of the Elect Based on Divine Love

9:1—11:36 C. The Third Proof: The Triumph of Divine Righteousness in the

Gospel’s Mission to Israel and the Gentiles

9:1–5 1. Introduction: The Tragic Riddle of Israel’s Unbelief

9:6–18 2. Thesis and the First Part of a Midrash on Israel and the

Righteousness of Divine Election

9:19–29 3. Diatribe and the Second Half of a Midrash Refuting

Objections

9:30—10:4 4. Diatribe on the Failure to Submit to Divine Righteousness,

Which Is Caused by Misguided Zeal

10:5–13 5. Pesher Confirming Righteousness by Faith

10:14–21 6. Syllogism and Citation-Chain Concerning the Gospel

Preached But Rejected

11:1–10 7. Diatribe and Midrash Concerning the Status of Israel

11:11–24 8. Diatribe and Allegorical Enthymeme dealing with the

Missional Purpose of Israel’s Trespass

11:25–32 9. Oracular Disclosure and Enthymeme on the Mystery of

Global Salvation

11:33–36 10. Conclusion: A Hymn on the Majesty of God as Revealed in

the Mysterious Plan of Global Salvation

12:1—15:13 D. The Fourth Proof: Living Together according to the Gospel so

as to Sustain the Hope of Global Transformation

12:1–2 1. Introduction: The Thesis concerning the Motivation and

Assessment of Praiseworthy Behavior

12:3–8 2. The Elaboration of Sober Self-Assessment and the Exercise

of Charismatic Gifts

12:9–21 3. The Elaboration of Guidelines for Genuine Love

13:1–7 4. Diatribe concerning Fulfilling Obligations to the Governing

Authorities

13:8–10 5. The Admonition to Fulfill Law through the Agape Meal

13:11–14 6. The Admonition to Moral Alertness in the Last Days

14:1–12 7. Exemplary Guidelines for the Weak and the Strong

14:13–23 8. Exemplary Guidelines for Mutual Upbuilding in Pluralistic

Congregations

15:1–6 9. The Obligation to Follow Christ’s Example in Edifying

Each Other

15:7–13 10. Conclusion: Recapitulating the Inclusive Ethic That Will

Contribute to the Mission of Global Transformation

15:14—16:23 V. The Peroratio (“Conclusion”) An Appeal for Cooperation in

Missionary Activities in Jerusalem, Rome, and Spain

15:14–21 A. Recapitulation of Paul’s Missionary Calling and Strategy

15:22–33 B. The Report on Travel Pans and an Appeal to Participate in

Present and Future Missionary Activities

16:1–2 C. The Recommendation of Phoebe as Missionary Patroness

16:3–16, 21–23 D. Greetings and Commendations between Ministerial Leaders

16:3–16a 1. Greetings to Congregational Leaders in Rome

16:16b, 21–23 2. Greetings from Congregational Leaders in Corinth and

Elsewhere

16:17–20a The First Interpolation: The Church’s Campaign against Heretics

16:25–27 The Second Interpolation: The Supersessionist Doxology

16:24, 20b E. The Epistolary Benediction1

1 Jewett, R., & Kotansky, R. D. (2006). Romans: A commentary. (E. J. Epp, Ed.) (pp. vii–ix). Minneapolis,

MN: Fortress Press.

WORD BY WORD

The English-Greek Reverse Interlinear New Testament English Standard Version

Romans 5:12

Διὰ τοῦτο ὥσπερ διʼ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου ἡ

ἁμαρτία εἰς τὸν κόσμον εἰσῆλθεν καὶ διὰ τῆς

ἁμαρτίας ὁ θάνατος, καὶ οὕτως εἰς πάντας

ἀνθρώπους ὁ θάνατος διῆλθεν ἐφʼ ᾧ πάντες

ἥμαρτον— | ESV NT RI

Therefore, just as sin came into the world

through one man, and death through sin, and

so death spread to all men because all sinned

| ESV

ἑνὸς henos Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death

through sin, and so death spread to all men because all sinned—

εἷς heis one

adjective, genitive, singular, masculine

Sense: one (single unit) – used of a single unit or thing; not two or more.

BDAG one; one and the same; someone, anyone; the first

LSJ

Louw-Nida one

ἀνθρώπου anthrōpou Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death


ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos man

noun, genitive, singular, masculine

Sense: man – an adult person who is male, as opposed to a woman; sometimes referred

to collectively as men.

BDAG a human being; man; someone, one, a person.; the outer being; the inner being;

new being; the person; a certain person; a human figure

LSJ man; gods; the men

Louw-Nida man

ἁμαρτία hamartia Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death through

sin, and so death spread to all men because all sinned—

ἁμαρτία hamartia sin

noun, nominative, singular, feminine

Sense: sin (personification) – sin personified as a destructive and depraved principle

reigning over unbelievers and persisting in believers; especially as a slavemaster doling

out payment with the currency of death and decay.

BDAG sin; sinfulness

LSJ a failure, fault; error

Louw-Nida to sin, to engage in wrongdoing, sin

κόσμον kosmon Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death through


κόσμος kosmos world

noun, accusative, singular, masculine

Sense: world (creation) – the created realm considered as a distinct, spatial-temporal

entity in distinction to the heavenly realm.

BDAG adornment, adorning; orderly arrangement, order; the world, the (orderly)

universe; the world; totality, sum total

LSJ order; order, duly; shamefully; in order; becomingly; in; natural order

Louw-Nida cosmos, universe

εἰσῆλθεν eisēlthen Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death


εἰσέρχομαι eiserchomai enter; go in

(to)

verb, aorist, active, indicative, third person, singular

Sense: to happen ⇔ enter – to happen, conceived of as something entering into someone

or something.

BDAG enter; come into; someth.; happen, develop

LSJ go in; into, enter; invaded; come into; enter the ranks of; enter; house, visit; pay a

visit; come in

Louw-Nida to happen, to come into

ἁμαρτίας hamartias Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death



noun, genitive, singular, feminine







θάνατος thanatos Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death through


θάνατος thanatos death

noun, nominative, singular, masculine

Sense: death (event) – the event of dying or departure from life.

BDAG death; fatal illness, pestilence

LSJ death; the death threatened; to death

Louw-Nida to die, death

οὕτως houtōs Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death through sin,

and so death spread to all men because all sinned—

οὕτως houtōs so; thus; in this way

adverb

Sense: thus – in the way indicated.

BDAG in this manner, thus, so; in this way, as follows; so; without further ado, just,

simply

LSJ in this way; manner, so, thus; thus, as follows; so; on this supposition; so in this way

Louw-Nida so, thus, in this way

πάντας pantas Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death through


πᾶς pas every; all

adjective, accusative, plural, masculine

Sense: each – (used of count nouns) every one considered individually.

BDAG each, every, any; any and every, every; all; whole; every kind of, all sorts of

LSJ all; the whole; every

Louw-Nida all, every, each, whole

ἀνθρώπους anthrōpous Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death



noun, accusative, plural, masculine

Sense: person – a human being; sometimes referred to collectively as people.




Louw-Nida person, human being, individual; people, persons, mankind

θάνατος thanatos Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death through








διῆλθεν diēlthen Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death through


διέρχομαι dierchomai pass

through; go through


Sense: to spread ⇔ pass through – to distribute or disperse widely; understood as

something making a passage or journey from one place to another.

BDAG go (through); review; penetrate.

LSJ go through, pass through

Louw-Nida to move on to, to go on to

πάντες pantes Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death through sin,

and so death spread to all men because all sinned—


adjective, nominative, plural, masculine





ἥμαρτον hēmarton Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death


ἁμαρτάνω hamartanō sin

verb, aorist, active, indicative, third person, plural

Sense: to sin – to violate a divine law.

BDAG to sin

LSJ miss the mark; miss


Romans 5:13

ἄχρι γὰρ νόμου ἁμαρτία ἦν ἐν κόσμῳ,

ἁμαρτία δὲ οὐκ ἐλλογεῖται μὴ ὄντος νόμου,

| ESV NT RI

for sin indeed was in the world before the

law was given, but sin is not counted where

there is no law | ESV

νόμου nomou for sin indeed was in the world before the law was given, but sin is not

counted where there is no law.

νόμος nomos law


Sense: Mosaic law system – the Torah understood as the system of laws, civil statutes,

and priestly ordinances comprising the Mosaic covenant; especially understood as the

means of earning God’s favor.

BDAG a custom, rule, principle, norm; law; sacred ordinance

LSJ that which is in habitual practice, use; possession

Louw-Nida the Law

ἁμαρτία hamartia for sin indeed was in the world before the law was given, but sin is not










ἦν ēn for sin indeed was in the world before the law was given, but sin is not counted where

there is no law.

εἰμί eimi be

verb, imperfect, active, indicative, third person, singular

Sense: to be (somewhere) – to occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere.

BDAG be, exist, be on hand; is; be; live; take place, occur, become, be, be in; it is

possible, one can; be,/come from somewhere; be, belong; be.

LSJ sum

Louw-Nida to be

κόσμῳ kosmō for sin indeed was in the world before the law was given, but sin is not counted

where there is no law.

κόσμος kosmos world

noun, dative, singular, masculine

Sense: world (creation) – the created realm considered as a distinct, spatial-temporal

entity in distinction to the heavenly realm.

BDAG adornment, adorning; orderly arrangement, order; the world, the (orderly)

universe; the world; totality, sum total

LSJ order; order, duly; shamefully; in order; becomingly; in; natural order

Louw-Nida people of the world

ἁμαρτία hamartia for sin indeed was in the world before the law was given, but sin is not




Sense: sin (act) – an act or feeling that transgresses something forbidden or ignores

something required by God’s law or character; whether in thought, feeling, speech, or

action.




οὐκ ouk for sin indeed was in the world before the law was given, but sin is not counted where

there is no law.

οὐ ou not

adverb, negative

BDAG no; not; not so?

LSJ fact; statement; will; thought

Louw-Nida not

ἐλλογεῖται ellogeitai for sin indeed was in the world before the law was given, but sin is not


ἐλλογέω ellogeō charge to one’s

account

verb, present, passive, indicative, third person, singular

Sense: to be imputed ⇔ be assessed – to be or become attributed with responsibility or

fault; conceived of as being or becoming charged with a financial payment.

BDAG charge to the account of someone

LSJ reckon, put to an account; to be reckoned in

Louw-Nida to record, to list

μὴ mē for sin indeed was in the world before the law was given, but sin is not counted where

there is no law.

μή mē not

adverb, negative

BDAG not; that…(not), lest; so that…not; ‘it isn’t so, is it, that …?’; whether…not

LSJ not; will; thought; fact; statement

Louw-Nida not

ὄντος ontos for sin indeed was in the world before the law was given, but sin is not counted


εἰμί eimi be

verb, present, active, participle, singular, genitive, masculine

Sense: to exist – to have an existence, be extant.



LSJ sum

Louw-Nida to be, to exist

νόμου nomou for sin indeed was in the world before the law was given, but sin is not counted




Sense: law of God – any representative declaration of God’s legal requirements for His

creatures; whether in Scripture or in the conscience.



Louw-Nida the Law

Romans 5:14

ἀλλὰ ἐβασίλευσεν ὁ θάνατος ἀπὸ Ἀδὰμ

μέχρι Μωϋσέως καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς μὴ

ἁμαρτήσαντας ἐπὶ τῷ ὁμοιώματι τῆς

παραβάσεως Ἀδάμ, ὅς ἐστιν τύπος τοῦ

μέλλοντος. | ESV NT RI

Yet death reigned from Adam to Moses,

even over those whose sinning was not like

the transgression of Adam, who was a type

of the one who was to come | ESV

ἐβασίλευσεν ebasileusen Yet death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those

whose sinning was not like the transgression of Adam, who was a type of the one who

was to come.

βασιλεύω basileuō rule; reign; be

king


Sense: to reign as king – to rule as a king or supreme ruler over a nation, or to become

ruler or supreme ruler over a nation.

BDAG be king, rule; become king

LSJ to be king, rule, reign; was king; reigned as queen; to have become king; to be king

of, rule over; to be king among; to be governed by a king; submit to the king; to be

governed; administered

Louw-Nida to reign, to control completely

θάνατος thanatos Yet death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those whose sinning was

not like the transgression of Adam, who was a type of the one who was to come.







Ἀδὰμ Adam Yet death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those whose sinning was not

like the transgression of Adam, who was a type of the one who was to come.

Ἀδάμ Adam Adam


BDAG Adam

Louw-Nida Adam

DBL Greek Adam

Μωϋσέως Mōuseōs Yet death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those whose sinning was

not like the transgression of Adam, who was a type of the one who was to come.

Μωϋσῆς Mōusēs Moses


BDAG Moses

Louw-Nida the Law, the Law of Moses, the Law given through Moses, Moses

M-M

μὴ mē Yet death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those whose sinning was not like the

transgression of Adam, who was a type of the one who was to come.

μή mē not

adverb, negative

BDAG not; that…(not), lest; so that…not; ‘it isn’t so, is it, that …?’; whether…not

LSJ not; will; thought; fact; statement

Louw-Nida not

ἁμαρτήσαντας hamartēsantas Yet death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those whose

sinning was not like the transgression of Adam, who was a type of the one who was to come.


verb, aorist, active, participle, plural, accusative, masculine


BDAG to sin



ὁμοιώματι homoiōmati Yet death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those whose sinning

was not like the transgression of Adam, who was a type of the one who was to come.

ὁμοίωμα homoiōma form;

appearance; likeness

noun, dative, singular, neuter

Sense: similarity – the quality of being similar (to something).

BDAG likeness; image, form

LSJ likeness, image; similar cases; analogy

Louw-Nida similarity, likeness, being similar

παραβάσεως parabaseōs Yet death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those whose sinning


παράβασις parabasis transgression


Sense: transgression – the action of going beyond or overstepping some moral boundary

or limit.

BDAG overstepping, transgression

LSJ going aside, escape; deviation; digression

Louw-Nida to disobey, to break the law, to transgress, disobedience, transgression

Ἀδάμ Adam Yet death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those whose sinning was not

like the transgression of Adam, who was a type of the one who was to come.

Ἀδάμ Adam Adam


BDAG Adam

Louw-Nida Adam

DBL Greek Adam

ἐστιν estin Yet death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those whose sinning was not like

the transgression of Adam, who was a type of the one who was to come.

εἰμί eimi be

verb, present, active, indicative, third person, singular

Sense: to be (quality) – to have the quality of being.



LSJ sum

Louw-Nida to be

τύπος typos Yet death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those whose sinning was not like

the transgression of Adam, who was a type of the one who was to come.

τύπος typos pattern; example;

type


Sense: archetype – an example that prefigures or foreshadows what is to come;

understood as a container into which liquid is poured to create a given shape when it

hardens.

BDAG mark, trace; copy, image; image, statue; form, figure, pattern; text, content; type,

pattern, model; design, pattern; example, pattern; types

LSJ blow; beat

Louw-Nida archetype, figure, foreshadow, symbol

μέλλοντος mellontos Yet death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those whose sinning


μέλλω mellō be about to; is going

to

verb, present, active, participle, singular, genitive, masculine

Sense: to be about to – to be imminent or impending; occur soon in the future.

BDAG be about to; be destined, inevitable; (in the) future, to come; delay

LSJ

Louw-Nida to be about to

Romans 5:15

Ἀλλʼ οὐχ ὡς τὸ παράπτωμα, οὕτως καὶ τὸ

χάρισμα· εἰ γὰρ τῷ τοῦ ἑνὸς παραπτώματι οἱ

πολλοὶ ἀπέθανον, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἡ χάρις

τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἡ δωρεὰ ἐν χάριτι τῇ τοῦ ἑνὸς

ἀνθρώπου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰς τοὺς πολλοὺς

ἐπερίσσευσεν. | ESV NT RI

But the free gift is not like the trespass. For

if many died through one man’s trespass,

much more have the grace of God and the

free gift by the grace of that one man Jesus

Christ abounded for many | ESV

οὐχ ouch But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if many died through one man’s

trespass, much more have the grace of God and the free gift by the grace of that one man

Jesus Christ abounded for many.

οὐ ou not

adverb, negative



Louw-Nida not

παράπτωμα paraptōma But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if many died through one

man’s trespass, much more have the grace of God and the free gift by the grace of that one man


παράπτωμα paraptōma sin; trespass

noun, nominative, singular, neuter

Sense: sin ⇔ transgression – a sin understood especially as the action of going beyond

or overstepping some boundary or limit.

BDAG offense, wrongdoing, sin

LSJ false step, slip, blunder

Louw-Nida transgression, sin

οὕτως houtōs


adverb



simply



καὶ kai

καί kai and

adverb, emphatic

BDAG and; also, likewise

LSJ and; even, also, just

Louw-Nida and, and also, also, in addition, even

χάρισμα charisma But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if many died through one man’s

trespass, much more have the grace of God and the free gift by the grace of that one man Jesus

Christ abounded for many.

χάρισμα charisma gift


Sense: present ⇔ grace – a present given as a sign of beneficent favor.

BDAG favor bestowed, gift

LSJ grace, favour; gift of God’s grace; favour bestowed

Louw-Nida gift, gracious gift

ἑνὸς henos But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if many died through one man’s trespass,

much more have the grace of God and the free gift by the grace of that one man Jesus Christ

abounded for many.

εἷς heis one




LSJ

Louw-Nida one

παραπτώματι paraptōmati But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if many died through

one man’s trespass, much more have the grace of God and the free gift by the grace of that one

man Jesus Christ abounded for many.








πολλοὶ polloi But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if many died through one man’s



πολύς polys great; many; much


Sense: multitude (gathering) – a multitude (throng) or a large gathering of people.

BDAG many, a great number of; much, extensive

LSJ

Louw-Nida many, a great deal of, a great number of

ἀπέθανον apethanon But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if many died through one



ἀποθνῄσκω apothnēskō die

verb, aorist, active, indicative, third person, plural

Sense: to die – to pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions

necessary to sustain life.

BDAG die; be about to die, face death, be mortal

LSJ die; to be ready to die


πολλῷ pollō But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if many died through one man’s




adjective, dative, singular, neuter

Sense: much – to a great degree or extent.


LSJ

Louw-Nida much, great, extensive

μᾶλλον mallon But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if many died through one man’s



μᾶλλον mallon instead; more;

rather

adverb

Sense: more (extent) – to a greater degree or extent.

BDAG more; rather, all the more; rather

LSJ more, rather; more than; more and more; exceedingly

Louw-Nida more, more than, to a greater degree, even more

χάρις charis But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if many died through one man’s



χάρις charis grace


Sense: grace – goodwill freely disseminated (by God); especially to the benefit of the

recipient regardless of the benefit accrued to the disseminator.

BDAG graciousness, attractiveness, charm, winsomeness; favor, grace, gracious

care/help, goodwill; (a sign of) favor, gracious deed/gift, benefaction; favor.; thanks,

gratitude

LSJ grace


θεοῦ theou But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if many died through one man’s trespass,


abounded for many.

θεός theos God


BDAG deity, god, goddess; God; god

LSJ God, the Deity; God; against his will; bless you! good heavens! for heaven’s sake!

Louw-Nida God

δωρεὰ dōrea But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if many died through one man’s



δωρεά dōrea gift


Sense: gift – something acquired or given without compensation in return.

BDAG gift, bounty

LSJ gift, present; bounty; legacy; privileges; immunities; gifts in cash; kind; mortis

causa

Louw-Nida gift, present

χάριτι chariti But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if many died through one man’s




noun, dative, singular, feminine

Sense: grace – goodwill freely disseminated (by God); especially to the benefit of the

recipient regardless of the benefit accrued to the disseminator.



gratitude

LSJ grace

Louw-Nida to show kindness, to manifest graciousness toward, kindness, graciousness,

grace

ἑνὸς henos But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if many died through one man’s trespass,


abounded for many.

εἷς heis one




LSJ

Louw-Nida one

ἀνθρώπου anthrōpou But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if many died through one










Louw-Nida man

Ἰησοῦ Iēsou But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if many died through one man’s



Ἰησοῦς Iēsous Jesus


BDAG Joshua/Jesus.; Joshua, successor of Moses; Jesus, son of Eliezer; Jesus Christ;

Jesus Barabbas; Jesus/Justus

LSJ Joshua

Louw-Nida Jesus, Joshua

Χριστοῦ Christou But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if many died through one man’s



Χριστός Christos Christ


BDAG the Anointed One, the Messiah, the Christ; Christ

LSJ to be rubbed on, used as ointment; salve; anointing

Louw-Nida Christ

πολλοὺς pollous But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if many died through one man’s







LSJ


ἐπερίσσευσεν eperisseusen But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if many died through one



περισσεύω perisseuō abound


Sense: to abound – to be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities.

BDAG abound; cause to abound

LSJ to be over and above; will go beyond; outflank

Louw-Nida to abound, to be in abundance, to be a lot of, to exist in a large quantity, to

be left over

Romans 5:16

καὶ οὐχ ὡς διʼ ἑνὸς ἁμαρτήσαντος τὸ

δώρημα· τὸ μὲν γὰρ κρίμα ἐξ ἑνὸς εἰς

κατάκριμα, τὸ δὲ χάρισμα ἐκ πολλῶν

παραπτωμάτων εἰς δικαίωμα. | ESV NT RI

And the free gift is not like the result of that

one man’s sin. For the judgment following

one trespass brought condemnation, but the

free gift following many trespasses brought

justification | ESV

οὐχ ouch And the free gift is not like the result of that one man’s sin. For the judgment

following one trespass brought condemnation, but the free gift following many

trespasses brought justification.

οὐ ou not

adverb, negative



Louw-Nida not

ἑνὸς henos And the free gift is not like the result of that one man’s sin. For the judgment

following one trespass brought condemnation, but the free gift following many trespasses

brought justification.

εἷς heis one




LSJ

Louw-Nida one

ἁμαρτήσαντος hamartēsantos And the free gift is not like the result of that one man’s sin. For

the judgment following one trespass brought condemnation, but the free gift following many



verb, aorist, active, participle, singular, genitive, masculine


BDAG to sin



δώρημα dōrēma And the free gift is not like the result of that one man’s sin. For the judgment



δώρημα dōrēma gift; present



BDAG gift, present

LSJ gift, present


κρίμα krima And the free gift is not like the result of that one man’s sin. For the judgment



κρίμα krima judgment;

condemnation


Sense: legal decision – the official decision of a court on issues of fact or law.

BDAG dispute, lawsuit; decision, decree; judging, judgment; judicial verdict; justice.

LSJ decision, judgement; verdict

Louw-Nida verdict, sentence, judgment

ἑνὸς henos And the free gift is not like the result of that one man’s sin. For the judgment



εἷς heis one

adjective, genitive, singular, neuter

Sense: one (single) – the smallest whole number; also used to refer to a single person or

thing.


LSJ

Louw-Nida one

κατάκριμα katakrima And the free gift is not like the result of that one man’s sin. For the

judgment following one trespass brought condemnation, but the free gift following many


κατάκριμα katakrima penalty;

condemnation

noun, accusative, singular, neuter

Sense: condemnation – a legal decision of guilty in a criminal case; often with the

ensuing punishment understood.

BDAG condemnation, punishment, penalty

LSJ condemnation

Louw-Nida to condemn, to render a verdict of guilt, condemnation

χάρισμα charisma And the free gift is not like the result of that one man’s sin. For the judgment



χάρισμα charisma gift


Sense: present ⇔ grace – a present given as a sign of beneficent favor.

BDAG favor bestowed, gift

LSJ grace, favour; gift of God’s grace; favour bestowed


πολλῶν pollōn And the free gift is not like the result of that one man’s sin. For the judgment




adjective, genitive, plural, neuter

Sense: many – a quantifier that can be used with count nouns; amounting to a large but

indefinite number.


LSJ


παραπτωμάτων paraptōmatōn And the free gift is not like the result of that one man’s sin. For

the judgment following one trespass brought condemnation, but the free gift following many



noun, genitive, plural, neuter






δικαίωμα dikaiōma And the free gift is not like the result of that one man’s sin. For the

judgment following one trespass brought condemnation, but the free gift following many


δικαίωμα dikaiōma

commandment; requirement


Sense: justification (legal) – a legal decision (in a criminal case) stating that an accused

person is in full accordance with the requirements of the law.

BDAG regulation, requirement, commandment; righteous deed

LSJ act of right; duty; amendment of a wrong

Louw-Nida to acquit, to set free, to remove guilt, acquittal

Romans 5:17

εἰ γὰρ τῷ τοῦ ἑνὸς παραπτώματι ὁ θάνατος

ἐβασίλευσεν διὰ τοῦ ἑνός, πολλῷ μᾶλλον οἱ

τὴν περισσείαν τῆς χάριτος καὶ τῆς δωρεᾶς

τῆς δικαιοσύνης λαμβάνοντες ἐν ζωῇ

βασιλεύσουσιν διὰ τοῦ ἑνὸς Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.

| ESV NT RI

For if, because of one man’s trespass, death

reigned through that one man, much more

will those who receive the abundance of

grace and the free gift of righteousness reign

in life through the one man Jesus Christ |

ESV

ἑνὸς henos For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one man,

much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and the free gift of

righteousness reign in life through the one man Jesus Christ.

εἷς heis one



thing.


LSJ

Louw-Nida one

παραπτώματι paraptōmati For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that

one man, much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and the free gift of









θάνατος thanatos For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one man,

much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and the free gift of righteousness reign

in life through the one man Jesus Christ.







ἐβασίλευσεν ebasileusen For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one

man, much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and the free gift of righteousness

reign in life through the one man Jesus Christ.


king









ἑνός henos For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one man, much

more will those who receive the abundance of grace and the free gift of righteousness reign in

life through the one man Jesus Christ.

εἷς heis one



thing.


LSJ

Louw-Nida one

πολλῷ pollō For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one man, much




adjective, dative, singular, neuter

Sense: much – to a great degree or extent.


LSJ

Louw-Nida much, great, extensive

μᾶλλον mallon For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one man, much



μᾶλλον mallon instead; more;

rather

adverb

Sense: more (extent) – to a greater degree or extent.

BDAG more; rather, all the more; rather

LSJ more, rather; more than; more and more; exceedingly

Louw-Nida more, more than, to a greater degree, even more

περισσείαν perisseian For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one man,

much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and the free gift of righteousness


περισσεία perisseia abundance;

surplus

noun, accusative, singular, feminine

Sense: overabundance – the state of being more than full.

BDAG surplus, abundance

LSJ surplus, abundance

Louw-Nida abundance, a great deal of

χάριτος charitos For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one man,

much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and the free gift of righteousness




Sense: grace (outworking) – the resulting activity that is a necessary consequence of

genuine, beneficent goodwill; especially used of the outworking of God’s goodwill.



gratitude

LSJ grace


grace

δωρεᾶς dōreas For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one man, much



δωρεά dōrea gift



BDAG gift, bounty

LSJ gift, present; bounty; legacy; privileges; immunities; gifts in cash; kind; mortis

causa


δικαιοσύνης dikaiosynēs For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one

man, much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and the free gift of


δικαιοσύνη dikaiosynē

righteousness


Sense: righteousness (state) – a status of legal rectitude that satisfies the moral

requirements of God’s character.

BDAG justice, equitableness, fairness; righteousness.; uprightness, righteousness

LSJ righteousness, justice; justice; fulfilment of the Law

Louw-Nida righteousness, doing what God requires, doing what is right

λαμβάνοντες lambanontes For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one

man, much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and the free gift of


λαμβάνω lambanō receive; take

verb, present, active, participle, plural, nominative, masculine

Sense: to experience ⇔ receive – to experience, conceived of as coming into the

possession of an experience.

BDAG take, take hold of, grasp, take in hand; remove; take, acquire; receive, accept;

take up, receive; choose, select; receive; receive, make one’s own,

apprehend/comprehend; receive, get, obtain

LSJ take; receive

Louw-Nida to receive, receiving, to accept

ζωῇ zōē For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one man, much more

will those who receive the abundance of grace and the free gift of righteousness reign in life

through the one man Jesus Christ.

ζωή zōē life

noun, dative, singular, feminine

Sense: life (state) – the condition of living or the state of being alive; especially

healthiness, happiness, exuberance, energy, vitality, and the like.

BDAG life

LSJ living; substance, property

Louw-Nida to be alive, to live, life

βασιλεύσουσιν basileusousin For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that

one man, much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and the free gift of



king

verb, future, active, indicative, third person, plural








ἑνὸς henos For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one man, much



εἷς heis one



thing.


LSJ

Louw-Nida one

Ἰησοῦ Iēsou For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one man, much







LSJ Joshua


Χριστοῦ Christou For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one man,

much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and the free gift of righteousness reign

in life through the one man Jesus Christ.





Louw-Nida Christ

Romans 5:18

Ἄρα οὖν ὡς διʼ ἑνὸς παραπτώματος εἰς

πάντας ἀνθρώπους εἰς κατάκριμα, οὕτως καὶ

διʼ ἑνὸς δικαιώματος εἰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους

εἰς δικαίωσιν ζωῆς· | ESV NT RI

Therefore, as one trespass led to

condemnation for all men, so one act of

righteousness leads to justification and life

for all men | ESV

ἑνὸς henos Therefore, as one trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one act of

righteousness leads to justification and life for all men.

εἷς heis one




LSJ

Louw-Nida one

παραπτώματος paraptōmatos Therefore, as one trespass led to condemnation for all men, so

one act of righteousness leads to justification and life for all men.


noun, genitive, singular, neuter






πάντας pantas Therefore, as one trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one act of








ἀνθρώπους anthrōpous Therefore, as one trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one act of









κατάκριμα katakrima Therefore, as one trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one act of


κατάκριμα katakrima penalty;

condemnation


Sense: condemnation – a legal decision of guilty in a criminal case; often with the

ensuing punishment understood.

BDAG condemnation, punishment, penalty

LSJ condemnation

Louw-Nida to condemn, to render a verdict of guilt, condemnation

οὕτως houtōs Therefore, as one trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one act of



adverb



simply



καὶ kai

καί kai and

adverb, emphatic




ἑνὸς henos Therefore, as one trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one act of


εἷς heis one




LSJ

Louw-Nida one

δικαιώματος dikaiōmatos Therefore, as one trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one act

of righteousness leads to justification and life for all men.

δικαίωμα dikaiōma

commandment; requirement

noun, genitive, singular, neuter

Sense: righteous act – a deed considered just for its conformity to the law.

BDAG regulation, requirement, commandment; righteous deed

LSJ act of right; duty; amendment of a wrong


πάντας pantas Therefore, as one trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one act of








ἀνθρώπους anthrōpous Therefore, as one trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one act of









δικαίωσιν dikaiōsin Therefore, as one trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one act of


δικαίωσις dikaiōsis justification;

vindication


Sense: justifying – the act of declaring a verdict that someone is in full accordance with

the requirements of the law (of God).

BDAG justification, vindication, acquittal

LSJ setting right, doing justice to


ζωῆς zōēs Therefore, as one trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one act of


ζωή zōē life




BDAG life



Romans 5:19

ὥσπερ γὰρ διὰ τῆς παρακοῆς τοῦ ἑνὸς

ἀνθρώπου ἁμαρτωλοὶ κατεστάθησαν οἱ

πολλοί, οὕτως καὶ διὰ τῆς ὑπακοῆς τοῦ ἑνὸς

δίκαιοι κατασταθήσονται οἱ πολλοί. | ESV

NT RI

For as by the one man’s disobedience the

many were made sinners, so by the one

man’s obedience the many will be made

righteous | ESV

παρακοῆς parakoēs For as by the one man’s disobedience the many were made sinners,

so by the one man’s obedience the many will be made righteous.

παρακοή parakoē disobedience


Sense: disobedience (state) – the state of failure to submit to the law, custom, or practice

of an authority.

BDAG unwillingness to hear, disobedience

LSJ that which has been heard imperfectly, hearsay

Louw-Nida to refuse to listen, to refuse to obey, disobedience

ἑνὸς henos For as by the one man’s disobedience the many were made sinners, so by the one

man’s obedience the many will be made righteous.

εἷς heis one




LSJ

Louw-Nida one

ἀνθρώπου anthrōpou For as by the one man’s disobedience the many were made sinners, so by

the one man’s obedience the many will be made righteous.








Louw-Nida man

ἁμαρτωλοὶ hamartōloi For as by the one man’s disobedience the many were made sinners, so

by the one man’s obedience the many will be made righteous.

ἁμαρτωλός hamartōlos sinner


Sense: sinner – a person who has disobeyed any divine command or neglected any duty

(whether intentionally or unintentionally).

BDAG sinful; the sinner; irreligious

LSJ erroneous; erring

Louw-Nida sinful, sinning

κατεστάθησαν katestathēsan For as by the one man’s disobedience the many were made

sinners, so by the one man’s obedience the many will be made righteous.

καθίστημι kathistēmi appoint; put

in charge

verb, aorist, passive, indicative, third person, plural

Sense: to be made – to be made or caused to be or to become.

BDAG bring, conduct, take; appoint, put in charge; make, cause

LSJ

Louw-Nida to cause to be, to make to be, to make, to result in, to bring upon, to bring

about

πολλοί polloi For as by the one man’s disobedience the many were made sinners, so by the one






LSJ


οὕτως houtōs For as by the one man’s disobedience the many were made sinners, so by the one



adverb



simply



καὶ kai

καί kai and

adverb, emphatic




ὑπακοῆς hypakoēs For as by the one man’s disobedience the many were made sinners, so by the

one man’s obedience the many will be made righteous.

ὑπακοή hypakoē obedience


Sense: obedience (state) – the state of submissive conformity to the law, custom, or

practice of an authority.

BDAG obedience; answer

LSJ obedience; answer to prayer

Louw-Nida to obey, obedience

ἑνὸς henos For as by the one man’s disobedience the many were made sinners, so by the one


εἷς heis one



thing.


LSJ

Louw-Nida one

δίκαιοι dikaioi For as by the one man’s disobedience the many were made sinners, so by the one


δίκαιος dikaios just; righteous


Sense: righteous person – a person characterized by righteous actions and morals.

BDAG upright, just, fair; right, fair, equitable

LSJ

Louw-Nida righteous, just

κατασταθήσονται katastathēsontai For as by the one man’s disobedience the many were made

sinners, so by the one man’s obedience the many will be made righteous.

καθίστημι kathistēmi appoint; put

in charge

verb, future, passive, indicative, third person, plural

Sense: to be made – to be made or caused to be or to become.

BDAG bring, conduct, take; appoint, put in charge; make, cause

LSJ

Louw-Nida to cause to be, to make to be, to make, to result in, to bring upon, to bring

about

πολλοί polloi For as by the one man’s disobedience the many were made sinners, so by the one






LSJ


Romans 5:20

νόμος δὲ παρεισῆλθεν ἵνα πλεονάσῃ τὸ

παράπτωμα· οὗ δὲ ἐπλεόνασεν ἡ ἁμαρτία,

ὑπερεπερίσσευσεν ἡ χάρις, | ESV NT RI

Now the law came in to increase the

trespass, but where sin increased, grace

abounded all the more | ESV

νόμος nomos Now the law came in to increase the trespass, but where sin increased,

grace abounded all the more,



Sense: Torah ⇔ law – the Torah, understood by its prominent legal characteristics.



Louw-Nida the Law

παρεισῆλθεν pareisēlthen Now the law came in to increase the trespass, but where sin increased,


παρεισέρχομαι pareiserchomai slip

in


Sense: to come alongside – to appear alongside as an unessential or foreign element,

whether physically or figuratively.

BDAG slip in, come in

LSJ come; go in beside; to be inserted; come in; to be introduced

Louw-Nida to slip into a group unnoticed, to join unnoticed

πλεονάσῃ pleonasē Now the law came in to increase the trespass, but where sin increased, grace

abounded all the more,

πλεονάζω pleonazō increase; grow

verb, aorist, active, subjunctive, third person, singular

Sense: to increase – to make bigger or more.

BDAG be/become more; be/become great, be present in abundance, grow, increase;

have too much; to bring forth in abundance, increase; to cause increase

LSJ to be more; to be more than enough, superfluous; excess; to be in excess of; have

more than the due number; to be frequent; encroach; expanded; used to excess; to be

redundant; added

Louw-Nida to increase considerably, to become more and more, to multiply

παράπτωμα paraptōma Now the law came in to increase the trespass, but where sin increased,









οὗ hou Now the law came in to increase the trespass, but where sin increased, grace abounded

all the more,

οὗ hou where

adverb

BDAG where; (in a situation) where

LSJ where

Louw-Nida where, wherever

ἐπλεόνασεν epleonasen Now the law came in to increase the trespass, but where sin increased,


πλεονάζω pleonazō increase; grow


Sense: to increase (undergo change) – to become bigger or greater in amount.

BDAG be/become more; be/become great, be present in abundance, grow, increase;

have too much; to bring forth in abundance, increase; to cause increase

LSJ to be more; to be more than enough, superfluous; excess; to be in excess of; have

more than the due number; to be frequent; encroach; expanded; used to excess; to be

redundant; added

Louw-Nida to increase considerably, to become more and more, to multiply

ἁμαρτία hamartia Now the law came in to increase the trespass, but where sin increased, grace




Sense: guilt ⇔ sin – the state of having broken God’s law (and now being liable to legal

consequences).




ὑπερεπερίσσευσεν hypereperisseusen Now the law came in to increase the trespass, but where

sin increased, grace abounded all the more,

ὑπερπερισσεύω hyperperisseuō be

in great excess


Sense: to abound beyond – to be or become numerous or abundant in a degree greater

than normal or than something else.

BDAG be in great excess; supply lavishly

LSJ abound much more, be in great excess

Louw-Nida extreme, extremely, to an extreme degree, to a very great degree

χάρις charis Now the law came in to increase the trespass, but where sin increased, grace








gratitude

LSJ grace


grace

Romans 5:21

ἵνα ὥσπερ ἐβασίλευσεν ἡ ἁμαρτία ἐν τῷ

θανάτῳ, οὕτως καὶ ἡ χάρις βασιλεύσῃ διὰ

δικαιοσύνης εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον διὰ Ἰησοῦ

Χριστοῦ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν. | ESV NT RI

so that, as sin reigned in death, grace also

might reign through righteousness leading to

eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord |

ESV

ἐβασίλευσεν ebasileusen so that, as sin reigned in death , grace also might reign through

righteousness leading to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.


king









ἁμαρτία hamartia so that, as sin reigned in death , grace also might reign through righteousness

leading to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.









θανάτῳ thanatō so that, as sin reigned in death , grace also might reign through righteousness



noun, dative, singular, masculine





οὕτως houtōs


adverb



simply



καὶ kai so that, as sin reigned in death , grace also might reign through righteousness leading to

eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

καί kai and

adverb, emphatic




χάρις charis so that, as sin reigned in death , grace also might reign through righteousness








gratitude

LSJ grace


βασιλεύσῃ basileusē so that, as sin reigned in death , grace also might reign through



king

verb, aorist, active, subjunctive, third person, singular








δικαιοσύνης dikaiosynēs so that, as sin reigned in death , grace also might reign through


δικαιοσύνη dikaiosynē

righteousness


Sense: righteousness (state) – a status of legal rectitude that satisfies the moral

requirements of God’s character.

BDAG justice, equitableness, fairness; righteousness.; uprightness, righteousness

LSJ righteousness, justice; justice; fulfilment of the Law

Louw-Nida righteousness, doing what God requires, doing what is right

ζωὴν zōēn so that, as sin reigned in death , grace also might reign through righteousness leading

to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

ζωή zōē life




BDAG life



αἰώνιον aiōnion so that, as sin reigned in death , grace also might reign through righteousness


αἰώνιος aiōnios eternal

adjective, accusative, singular, feminine

Sense: everlasting – continuing forever or indefinitely; sempiternal.

BDAG long ago; eternal; without end

LSJ lasting for an age; perpetual, eternal

Louw-Nida eternal

Ἰησοῦ Iēsou so that, as sin reigned in death , grace also might reign through righteousness






LSJ Joshua


Χριστοῦ Christou so that, as sin reigned in death , grace also might reign through righteousness






Louw-Nida Christ

κυρίου kyriou so that, as sin reigned in death , grace also might reign through righteousness


κύριος kyrios Lord


BDAG owner; lord, master

LSJ lord, master; head; master; owner; secure possessor; guardian; guardian, trustee

Louw-Nida Lord, Ruler, One who commands

the book of romans · the book of romans 1 ... the english-greek reverse interlinear new testament...

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