TheCentralDogma

Transcription(DNAàmRNA)

1. Initiation-______________________________attachestothepromotorregioninfrontofthegene.a. Prokaryotes-RNApolymerasebinds

____________________tothepromoter

b. Eukaryotes-A_______________________________isneededtobindtothepromoter

2. Elongationa. TemplateStrand-RNAisbeing____________________________

b. CodingStrand(non-templatestrand)-DNAwillhave

the______________sequenceasRNA**InsteadofTtherewillbeU**

3. Termination-Productioncontinuesuntiltheendofthe______________________unitisreached

TYPESOFRNA

1. MessengerRNA(mRNA)Carriesthe________sequencetothe_______________________

2. TransferRNA(tRNA)Carriesspecific____________________totheribosomes

3. RibosomalRNA(rRNA)Majorbuildingblockofthe_________________________

Usingthepictures,brieflydescribethedifference

betweenprokaryoticandeukaryoticmRNA

production.

PostTransitionalProcessingofmRNA(EukaryotesONLY)

5’GTPCap-3’Poly-ATail

ExonSplicing-Eukaryoteshavelargesectionsofnon-codingDNAcalled__________________betweensections

ofcodingDNAcalled__________________.Thisisneededtoproduceafunctioningprotein.Thisisdone

using__________________________,enzymaticRNAmolecules.

Multipleexonsallowsfor_____genetocode

formmanyfunctional_________________________.

Translation(mRNAàPolypeptide)

1. Ribosomes-Siteof_____________________synthesis.Theyarecomposedof_______subunits

andaretheonly_______________________organelles.Inaddition,allcellscontain

__________________.

THREESITES

a. Asite-

b. Psite-

c. Esite-

2. TransferRNA(tRNA)-Responsibleforbringing_____________________totheribosome

3. TheGeneticCodeis__________________________acrossalldomainsoflifeandthe__________isreadusing___-letterbasecombinationscalled________________.Thecodehasonestartcodonandthreestopcodons.

HowTranslationHappens…

1. Initiation-

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•

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ThetRNAbindingattheribosomeismediatedbythe______________________loopinthetRNAmolecule

2. Elongation-

3. Termination-

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ProkaryotesandEukaryoteSpecificsofTranslation

Prokaryotes-

Polyribosomes-

Eukaryotes

SignalPeptides

Mutations

PointMutation-

FrameShiftMutation-

SpecificPointMutations

Silent-

Missense-

Nonsense-

WhichoneisSickleCellAnemia?

SpecificFrameShiftMutations

a. Extensive

b. Immediate

c. Limited