The Effects of Colonization

Native Americans and European Settlers in

South CarolinaCherokee CatawbaYemassee

Standard 3.2-3Today We Will: Summarize the impact that the European colonization of South Carolina had on Native Americans,

Including conflicts between settlers and Native American

Native Americans in South Carolina

Indians or Native Americans were the first people to live on the land that is now South Carolina.

Some people think that there were originally between 40-50 different tribes in S.C.

The three main tribes or groups that occupied S.C. are the Catawba Indians, the Cherokee Indians, and the Yemassee Indians.

The Native Americans lived throughout the state. Some lived near the coast, some lived in the lowlands, and some lived into the mountainous areas of S.C.

Three Main Tribes of South Carolina prior to

Colonization

Prior to Colonization Before Europeans came to North

America, Native Americans traded with each other and learned from one another.

Different tribes had different ways of life. All Native Americans respected the earth.

Most Native Americans were friendly to Europeans at first.

At first the Native Americans enjoyed the trading relationship they had with the Europeans.

TRADEEuropeans

Knives Guns Other manufactured goods

Native Americans

Furs

Why Colonists Left Their Homeland

Many settlers came to America for religious freedom.

Others believed America had unspoiled land that could be turned into farmland. Europeans thought owning land was a sign of success.

Some Europeans went to America to fish, hunt, and trap animals for fur.

First Impressions Many Native Americans

welcomed Europeans at first. They believed in sharing the land

and its many resources. The settlers found this new

group of people strange and scary because they were different.

The Native Americans and the colonists had much to learn from each other.

Native American Contributions Corn was the most important crop in the

Americas. The Native Americans showed the settlers how to produce corn, maple syrup, sugar cane, and grains.

Cash crops such as tobacco and cotton were also introduced to the settlers. Many of them saw this as a way to get rich.

Wild turkey and buffalo were two animals that were new to the settlers.

Colonists’ Contributions The colonists brought many things from

Europe that changed the lives of Native Americans. Some helped Native Americans while others hindered their way of life.

Europeans brought different kinds of animals to the Americas. Among these animals were pigs, cattle, goats, and sheep.

The introduction of the horse had the greatest impact on Native American life. Although many natives were weary of the animal, it changed the way they traveled, hunted, and fought.

Colonists’ Contribution con’t. Colonists arrived with metal tools and

weapons which were unfamiliar to Native Americans.

Europeans arrived with their religious beliefs. Missionaries tried to convert some Native Americans to Christianity.

The arrival of the colonists brought a variety of deadly diseases. It is believed that 50 to 90 percent of Native Americans died from European diseases.

Trade Trading was important to Native Americans

and settlers. The Native Americans traded deerskins and

animal furs for European goods. Knives, axes, and guns were in great demand.

Trade relations turned bad when the Europeans started treating the Native Americans unfairly.

Europeans started to move west, from the low country to the back country.

Europeans started moving in on Native American territories and hunting grounds.

Native Americans and European Settlers began to fight over land ownership and land use.

Different Beliefs Most Native Americans saw themselves as

caretakers of the earth. They did not believe in owning land. Everyone could use the earth’s resources, but people should never take more than they needed and they should not be wasteful. When they took something, they believed something should be given back.

The settlers had different beliefs. They held no regard for earth’s resources and felt these resources would last forever. Most settlers wanted to own land for farming or ranching. Owning land was a sign a wealth

These different beliefs caused problems between the Native Americans and the settlers.

Endless Conflict Due to the different beliefs of Native

Americans and settlers regarding the ownership of land, violence and bloodshed began to dominate the Americas.

Land-hungry settlers built farms and towns on Native American hunting grounds.

Settlers destroyed Native American villages and forced some Native Americans to relocate on reservations and change their way of life.

Many wars were fought over land including The Yemassee War in 1715 which virtually decimated the whole tribe.

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Beaufort, S.C. Yemassee

Fought back against the European

Yemasee War ended in truce

Badly wounded by war

Driven out of South Carolina

Cherokee Sided with the

Europeans. Fought with

Europeans against the Yemassee and their allies

Badly wounded by war

Fought 4 yr war against the Europeans because the Governor didn’t keep a promises

Trail of Tears A peace treaty was signed. It set

borders for Cherokee and European land.

Disease killed many of the Native Americans after the Europeans came to South Carolina.

Europeans brought disease and Native Americans didn’t have medicines/shots for European disease.

Trail of Tears was the Cherokee name for what the Americans called Indian Removal. .

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