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The Florida State University Ringling

Conservation Center Sarasota, Florida

Linda Lewis Senior Thesis

Mechanical Option

The Pennsylvania State University Department of Architectural Engineering

LINDA LEWIS Mechanical Option

Conservation/Curatorial/Collection Facility FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY

Ringling Museum of Art Sarasota, Florida

Lighting/Electrical Systems • Main Distribution:

– 2000 Amps, 480/277V, 3PH, 4 Wire

• Transformers: – (8) 480V to 208Y/120, 9-225 KVA

• Lighting: – Library: Recessed Fluorescents – Lobbies: Recessed Compact Fluorescent Downlights – Classrooms: 2’x2’ Two Lamp Parabolic Louvered Fluorescents – Art Storage: 4’- 2 lamp industrial strip fixtures – Conservation Lab: 8’- 2 lamp Direct/Indirect Pendant Fluorescents

Mechanical Systems • General Overall System:

– VAV with Terminal Reheat – 7 Air Handling Units (45,920 Total CFM)

• Art Restoration Lab: – Dedicated Outdoor Air System- 1 Air Handling Unit (4,870 CFM) – Phoenix Control Valves used for Automatic Air Balance with Fume Hood System

Project Team • Architect: HOK • MEP & Technology:

TLC Engineering for Architecture

• Structural Engineer: Master Consulting Engineers

• Construction Manager: To Be Determined

Construction • Size:

– 73,000 sq. ft. Building, 23,000 sq ft parking garage on Ground Floor

• Cost: – GMP on 100% CD’s issued the end of October 2004

• Construction Schedule : – December 2004- June 2006

Structural • 3 Stories • Standing Seam Metal Roof • Precast concrete Joists • Concrete Sofit Beams

Architectural • Use :

– Personal Office Space, Art Library, Classrooms, Art Storage and Art Restoration

• Special Features: – Lobbies and Elevators designed to fit large pieces of artwork

- 1 - Florida State University Ringling Conservation Center

Sarasota, FL

Linda Lewis Mechanical Option Senior Thesis Report Spring 2005

Acknowledgement:

I would like to take some time to thank some of the many people who have help me through my

Architectural Engineering experience here at Penn State.

First and foremost, I would like to thank Dad, Mom, Randy and Adam for their support and

encouragement.

Secondly, I would like to thank the AE faculty and staff. Over these last five years you have

provided me with opportunities to learn and grow in knowledge and character. Special thanks to

Dr. Freihaut, Dr. Mumma, Dr. Bahnfleth, and Professor Burroughs for the one-on-one

consultations during the thesis process.

I would like to thank the many professional contacts that have aided me through the thesis

process. Special thanks to Kevin Keiter, Al Lapera, and the rest of the TLC –Tampa office for

all their engineering insight, and for all of their assistance in obtaining project information.

Thanks to all my great colleagues in the AE class of 2005. There were so many good times and

learning experiences spent with all of you. I would especially like to acknowledge Jason Jones,

Jesse Fisher, Emily Whitbeck, Andrew Kauffman, and Carey Steckler for a great five years and

amplitude of help on thesis.

Florida State University Ringling Conservation Center Sarasota, FL


Table of Contents

Thesis Abstract Insert

Acknowledgements 1

Executive Summary 2

1-Project Background 3

2-Existing Conditions 6

3-Mechanical Redesign 11

3.1 Energy Recovery Wheels 18

3.2 Thermal Storage 36

4-Acoustical Redesign 60

5- Lighting 70

6- Conclusions and Recommendations 75

Work Cited 76

Figures and Tables 78

Appendices


Sarasota, FL


Executive Summary:

This Thesis presents a case study of The Florida State University Ringling Conservation Center. This

building will be located in Sarasota, Florida and is currently under construction. The analysis that will

be done using this building is an analysis on a two mechanical redesigns an acoustical analysis and a

lighting analysis.

The first mechanical redesign evaluated was the use of these is Energy Recovery Wheels. With in this

topic Desiccant Wheels and Enthalpy Wheels were analyzed. It was determined that this building

does not provide the characteristics that make Desiccant Wheels applicable. Enthalpy Wheels proved

to work better and provide a reasonable payback period. The wheels will save on average $3275 in

energy a year.

The Second is Thermal Storage. Within this topic two alternatives will again be looked at; Partial

Storage and Load Leveling. A greater kilowatt demand was able to be shifted using partial storage.

The system could say approximately $42,000 a year in energy. The first cost of the system was too

high to make the alternative worthwhile though. Load Leveling provided a way to shift kilowatt

demand at a lower first cost. This system could save approximately $13,740 in energy a year.

However, this alternative also proved to have too high of a payback period to make it worthwhile too.

Lastly, after both thermal storage systems failed to provide adequate payback periods a third

alternative was looked at for the chiller plant. This was to use three smaller chillers opposed to two

large chillers. This proved to provide a better overall efficiency for the system as well as a reduced

first cost. This system would save around $8,000 in energy costs per year and $96,500 in first cost

The acoustic breadth took a look at reverberation times in the Library area as well as sound

transmission thru the partition. Two rooms had reverberation times too high. Using Echo Eliminators

was recommended to fix these rooms.

The Lighting breadth looked at using direct/indirect fixtures in the classrooms, as well as daylighting

lamps. After researching daylight lamps it was determined that daylight lamps at 5000K are still too

bright and make people feel uncomfortable. It was recommended to use lamps at 4100K with a high

CRI (85).


Sarasota, FL


1--Project Background

Location- Sarasota, Florida

Sarasota Florida is located approximately 60 miles south of Tampa. It is a high tourist area with

rolling white-sand beaches and sparkling azure waters. It is a city of sophistication and charm.

Sarasota began attracting wealthy Americans in the 1910's and still does today. John Ringling,

of Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus fame, made an influential mark on the

community of Sarasota. In the 1920s John Ringling and his wife Mable, built an outstanding

Venetian-style estate on Sarasota Bay named Cà d' Zan. Then they built an art museum for their

collection of works. The art museum contains work by Peter Paul Rubens and other 17th-

century Italian and Flemish art. In addition, John used his circus elephants to help build the first

bridge from the mainland to St. Armands Key, which he developed as a commercial and

residential center.

The circus' winter quarters were moved to Sarasota in 1927, thus creating a new identity for

Sarasota as a "circus town." Now Sarasota is known as the "Circus Capitol of the World" and is

home to many circuses. In 1949, the gymnastics program at Sarasota High School was expanded

to include circus acts and the Sarasota Sailor Circus was born. Sarasota County is the only public

school system in the United States that sponsors an after school youth circus program known as

the Sailor Circus and is also home to Ringling's Clown College.

Building Overview

The Florida State University Ringling Conservation Center is located on the Ringling Campus.

It is a 73,000 square foot building with a 23,000 square foot parking garage located on the

ground floor. The building contains a large art lab that will be used to restore art work for the

campus museum as well as restore famous pieces of art from all over the world. The building

also contains a large art library and classrooms that will be used by the general public as well as

the Florida State University. Lastly the building contains an area of offices. The Florida State

University has a large art program, mainly due to John Ringling and his influence in the area.


Sarasota, FL


Project Team

Owner: Sarasota County Architect: HOK – Tampa, Florida MEP & Technology: TLC Engineering for Architecture – Tampa, Florida Structural Engineer: Master Consulting Engineers – Tampa, Florida Construction Manager: To Be Determined

Building Systems

Structural

The building is a three story concrete structure. It will have pour concrete columns on which

will rest precast concrete sofit beams. 28 inch deep precast concrete joists, with ribs spaced five

foot on center, rest on the sofit beams. The floor is concrete that is poured onto the joists. The

lateral system of the building is a braced steel frame. The roof is a standing seem metal roof that

is made up of 30K12 steel joists placed five foot on center.

Pour Concrete Floor and Girder (Monolithic)

Figure 1.1 Structural System

Electrical

The building has a 2000 amp, 480/277, 3 phase, 4 wire system. It contains 8 step down

transformers that are used to transform the voltages to 208Y/120. The building lighting consists


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of various systems in the differing building functions. In the library area there are recessed

fluorescent lamps. The lobbies have recessed compact fluorescent downlights. The classrooms

have 2’x 2’—2 lamp parabolic louvered fluorescents. The art storage areas have 4’—2 lamp

industrial strip fixtures. Finally, the conservation lab has 8’—2 lamp direct/indirect pendant

fluorescents.

Telecommunications

The telecommunications design calls for telephone outlets to be located in most of the spaces,

especially in the offices and classrooms. Television cable and data cable serve most of the

common rooms, especially those used for group instruction.

Special Features

The building contains a few unique features. The lobby areas and elevators where designed to

easy fit large pieces of art work through. The art conservation lab contains a unique self

balancing system containing multiple fume hood exhausts and snokel exhausts. The snokel

exhausts are movable slinky like exhausts that hang from the ceiling and can be used at the work

stations throughout the room or pushed aside when not needed.


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2--Existing Conditions

Overview of System

The Florida State University Ringling Conservation Center serves the general public as well as

the Florida State University. The buildings main functions are: an art library, art classrooms, art

storage and an art conservation lab. Florida Power and Light will serve the buildings electricity

needs. The building is purely electric; there is currently no natural gas in the design.

The main system design is a Variable Air Volume (VAV) system. Forty-four VAV boxes are

served by eight air handling units which supply up to a total of 50,790 cubic feet per minute

(cfm) of air to the building. All of the air handling units are draw thru. The units are fed off of a

chiller loop that serves the entire Ringling Campus. Three of the units are constant volume,

three are variable air volume and two of them are variable air volume dual path. Heat for the

building is done by electric duct heaters for areas on constant volume air handlers and by

terminal electric reheat on the boxes for areas served by variable air volume air handlers. The air

handlers that serve areas that contain art work have steam humidifiers incase they are need to

meet the critical spaces humidity condition.

Schedule of Operation

Library: September-April Monday-Sunday 7am – 9pm May-August Monday-Sunday 7am – 6pm All other Areas: Monday-Sunday 7am – 5pm The building operates all year long but is closed on all national holidays.


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Design Loads

Equipment Cooling Sensible MBH

Cooling Total MBH

AHU 1-1 81.3 88.4 AHU 1-2 OA 93.6 290.7 AHU 1-2 RA 95.2 134.2

AHU 1-3 220.4 484.9 AHU 1-4 OA 58.0 130.0 AHU 1-4 RA 94.3 119.3

AHU 1-5 126.4 156.3 AHU 2-1 270.8 413.6 AHU 2-2 398.8 619.4 AHU 2-3 78.4 85.6 FCU's 98.4 108

Totals: 1615.6 2630.4

Table 1 Cooling Loads

Equipment Heating MBH VTU's 322.7 EDH's 529.4

Totals: 852.1

Table 2 Heating Loads

General Design

Type of System The main system chosen for this design was a Variable Air Volume (VAV) system. This system

was chosen for its ability to provide individualized temperature control. Control of the

temperature in this building was crucial in the design process due to the art work that will reside

in the building. This factor played a more crucial roll in the design process than energy

considerations.

Diffusers and Grilles Most areas of the building contain a drop ceiling. In areas where a drop ceiling exists flexible

duct was used as the last five feet of run out to the diffusers. The art storage areas do not have


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ceilings. These rooms are hard ducted out to the diffusers. Most rooms in the building contain

2’ by 2’ diffusers and returns. In the section of the library that is open two stories sidewall

diffusers where used. Also in the main lobby area the architect specified sidewall diffusers for

aesthetical purposes.

Acoustics Acoustics in this building were not a large concern. General precautions (outlined by ASHRAE)

were taken to reduce the sound transmission. Mechanical rooms were located near storage

rooms, bathrooms and stairwells where noise is not as big of an issue. All air handling units are

specified to sit on vibration isolators. Main branches of ductwork were sized a 0.1 inches of

water pressure drop while branch ductwork was sized at 0.08 inches of water pressure drip for

noise purposes also. Diffusers, registers, grilles or other air distribution devices are specified to

not exceed a noise criterion of NC 35.

Windows

Due to the location of the building, Sarasota Florida, most of the windows are located on the

north side of the building. The amount of glass on the south side of the building was limited to

prevent too much solar radiation from entering the building. This led to some of the layout of

the spaces in the building. The library for instance has a two story area that is all glass on the

exterior therefore is was located in the northwest area of the building.

System Design

Constant Volume Air Handling Units

Air handling units 1-1 and 2-3 are constant volume units. They serve the art storage rooms on

the first and second level respectively. These spaces must be kept at 70 ºF and 50% relative

humidity. These areas have sidewall grilles that are ducted into the mechanical rooms and back

to the air handling units. The outdoor air dampers are set to allow 100cfm of air into the air

handler at all times.


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Art Conservation Lab System

Air handler 1-3 is a 100% outdoor air unit. The design conditions of this room are 70 ºF and 50%

relative humidity. This air handler serves the Art Conservation Lab on the first level. This

system is a self balancing system that contains Phoenix Control valves. A control valve is

dedicated to each supply branch (two diffusers), each fume hood and each snorkel exhaust duct

branch (two snorkels). 400 cfm is supplied into the corridor next to the lab for transfer air. The

system will pull the necessary air to balance the air in the room, therefore the air was supplied

off of this system to make sure at all times this air is available to be transferred into the room.

Otherwise the air would have been pulled from somewhere else and may have caused problems

with other systems in the building. This system runs off of its own control panel that controls

the control valves. Each of the snorkels, fume hoods and the paint booth exhaust have minimum

set points. Therefore air is always leaving the system through their respective exhaust ducts. The

general exhaust duct is sized to take the remainder of the air that enters the room that is not

exhausted by the snorkels, fume hoods or the paint booth at minimum set points. When a form of

exhaust (snorkel, fume hood or the paint booth) is turned on the general exhaust valve is

modulated to balance the amount of air entering the room and leaving the room. The sum of the

minimum set points of the exhausts equals the minimum set point of the sum of the supplies.

The supply air modulates to meet the load in the room as well as the amount of air needed to

balance the system. Therefore the amount of air supplied is controlled by the room conditions

unless overridden by the amount of air needed to balance the exhaust air in the room. There are

two exhaust fans in this system. One exhausts air from all the snorkels and the fume hoods. The

other is dedicated to the paint booth exhaust.

Variable Air Volume Air Handlers

Air handling units 1-5, 2-1, and 2-2 are variable air volume units. Air handling unit 1-5 serves

offices on the first floor as well as the lobby to the bridge area, its room conditions set points are

72 ºF and 50% relative humidity. Air handling unit 2-1 serves the library on the second floor, its

room conditions set points are 70 ºF and 50% relative humidity. Air handling unit 2-2 serves the

second floor offices, its room conditions set points 72 ºF and 50%. All three of these units serve

terminal VAV boxes. The VAV box dampers modulate between 100% and 30%. The outdoor


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air dampers on the air handlers also modulate the same. The reheat on the boxes is controlled by

the space temperature sensors.

Variable Air Volume Dual Path Air Handlers

Air handling units 1-2, and 1-4 are variable air volume dual path air handling units. Dual path

air handling units were selected due to the high outdoor air load for these spaces. Air handling

unit 1-2 serves the first level classrooms, its room condition set points are 72 ºF and 50% relative

humidity. Air handling unit 1-4 serves the first level library, its room condition set points are 70

ºF and 50% relative humidity. Both of these air handlers serve terminal VAV boxes. The VAV

box dampers modulate between 100% and 30%. The outdoor air dampers on the air handlers

also modulate the same. The reheat on the boxes is controlled by the space temperature sensors.

-11 - Florida State University Ringling Conservation Center

Sarasota, FL


3--Mechanical Redesign

Redesign

The goals for The Florida State University Ringling Conservation Center redesign is to reduce

energy consumed by the building as well as provide a means to meet the design conditions

specified by the owner. These design conditions are to maintain the building conditions at 70°F

and 50% relative humidity at all times in areas of the building that will contain art work. The

first redesign is actually an addition to the current building mechanical system. The proposal is

to add energy recovery wheels to all eight of the building air handlers to reduce the cooling coil

load. The wheels will hopefully also be able to help humidify and heat in the winter. The

second redesign is to evaluate the effectiveness of using thermal storage in the campus chiller

plant. Both cases of load leveling and full storage will be evaluated.

Supporting Information for Selected Redesign

Energy Usage

Approximately 90% of the United States energy use comes from Fossil Fuel, mainly oil, natural

gas and coal. In the United States 71% of our electricity is generated using thermal means; i.e.

burning fossil fuels. While this has proven to be an effective way for the United States to

produce electricity, heat and cool buildings, power factories and run vehicles it is becoming

detrimental to our environment. In the process of burning these fossil fuels Nitrogen Oxides

(NOx), Sulfur Oxides (Sox), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Volatile Organic

Compounds (VOC) and particulates are produced. These emissions are released into our

environment. They produce many harmful effects to not only our environment but to our health

as well. Acid precipitation results from the solution of nitrogen and sulfur oxides to give a

mixture of nitrous, nitric, sulfurous and sulfuric acids. Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide

lead to “Greenhouse Effect”. The “Greenhouse Effect” is heating of the environment because

heat loss from the surface of the earth through the atmosphere is reduced by reflection of infrared

radiation from gases and vapors such as CO2 and water vapor. CO and CO2 form CFC’s

(Chlorofluorocarbons) that lead to ozone depletion. The ozone protects us from the harmful

effects of extra ultra-violet radiation from the sun, which ultimately leads to skin cancer and


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other health affects such as VOC’s in sunlight react with ozone to produce highly reactive

compounds that attack the human lungs. No one quit knows its full effects yet but changes in our

climate have been documented and contributed to global warming.

According to DOE (Department of Energy) HVAC (Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning)

Systems in commercial and residential buildings accounts for 40-60% of energy consumption in

the United States. The graphs below come from Energy Consumption Characteristics of

Commercial Building HVAC Systems written by Detlef Westphalen and Scott Koszalinski for the

DOE. From Figure 3.1 it can be seen that the south uses the most energy of any U.S. region and

about 83% of the energy used by the south is consumed by HVAC.

Figure 3.1 Energy Usages in the United States

It has taken years to get our energy production and consumption to the point at which they are

now, it will also take years to turn it back around. There are many ways to reduce energy

consumption though. One of the main ways is by using renewable recourses to produce energy

(wind energy, geothermal energy, Solar, Hydro-electric and biomass). HVAC loads can be

reduced by using higher efficiency equipment and/or less energy consuming equipment. This

would include but is not limited too: low e glass, tighter building envelopes, energy reduced


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equipment (such as Energy Star rated), energy reduced light fixtures, day lighting, water

reducing fixtures, economizers, heat recovery systems, and cogeneration,

The Florida State University Ringling Conservation Center is located in Sarasota Florida.

Reduction in energy usage in this area is very important to our environment as well as our health.

Florida Power and Light will supply the Florida State University Ringling Conservation Center.

They offer some incentives for reduces electricity consumption:

• Rebates are available for energy efficient equipment including lighting, air conditioning,

chillers, thermal storage, insulation and window treatments, and other custom measures.

• Free Business Energy Evaluations are also offered, providing comprehensive analysis of

facility energy use and recommendations for cost-effective energy efficiency

improvement.

• The Business Custom Incentive Program rewards innovations that trim at least 25 kW

from peak demand. To qualify for a business custom incentive, the project must differ

from other FPL conservation programs and pass the FPL’s energy conservation test.

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)

In general terms IAQ is how the indoor air affects the health and well-being of those exposed to

it. In more technical terms IAQ is defined by how indoor air satisfies three basic requirements

for human occupancy:

1. Thermal acceptability.

2. Maintenance of normal concentrations of respiratory gases.

3. Dilution and removal of contaminants and pollutants to levels below health or odor discomfort thresholds.

IAQ is not a simple nor is it easily defined. It is a constantly changing interaction of complex

factors. These factors affect the types, levels, and importance of pollutants in indoor

environments. They include: sources of pollutants or odors; design, maintenance and operation

of building ventilation systems; moisture and humidity; and occupant perceptions and


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susceptibilities. In addition, there are many other psychological factors that affect comfort or

perception of IAQ.

Some of the issues with IAQ today are:

• The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has estimated that we spend 90% of our

time indoors • Statistics show that 1 out of 5 Americans suffer from allergies caused by substances

found in the home and office.

• Asthma-

o In adults, asthma can develop in response to irritants in the workplace -

chemicals, dusts, gases, moulds and pollens.

o Nearly one in 13 school-aged children has asthma

o Asthma is the leading cause of school absenteeism due to a chronic illness,

accounting for over 14 million missed school days per year

o Deaths related to asthma have risen 40% in the past two decades.

• Indoor Air Quality problems can result in discomfort, acute health effects, and/or chronic

health effects for the building occupants

• Mild effects of poor IAQ are: irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, headaches,

dizziness, and/or fatigue

• Serious effects of poor IAQ: respiratory cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or

immunologic disorders

• Poor indoor air quality can result in a decrease in productivity of workers and larger

numbers of absenteeism’s.

NOTE: The health effects associated with indoor air pollutants is difficult to access since

documented cases are hard to come by. Health effects may show up immediately or years later as

a result of pollutants. Health effects associated with chronic low-level exposure to common

indoor air pollutants still remain unexplored.


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Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) has been an increasing research topic in recent years. SBS can be

defined as a persistent set of symptoms occurring in greater than 20% of those exposed, with

cause(s) not recognizable, and complaints/symptoms relieved after exiting the building.

Diagnosis of SBS is primarily based upon the exclusion of other disease and is determined

essentially by perception. These symptoms include but are not limited to: eye, nose or throat

irritation, headaches, fatigues and dizziness, difficulty in concentration, irritability, Dry skin,

rashes, Nasal congestion, difficulty in breathing, nose bleeds and nausea. These symptoms lead

to what is known as building related illness (BRI). Some BRI’s are hypersensitivity pneumonitis,

pontiac fever, legionnaire's disease and humidifier fever. The World Health Organization

(WHO) estimates that 30% of all commercial buildings exhibit signs of "sick" tendencies.

Poor IAQ can be contributed to the pollutants inside a building. Pollutants inside the building

can come from:

• Outside- cars, trucks, etc.

• Electrical equipment- computers, copy machines, printers, etc.

• Cleaning supplies- floor wax, carpet deodorizers, air fresheners ,etc.

• Cigarette smoke

• Off Gassing - new carpeting, furnishings, etc.

• Insulation and window coverings

• Pressed wood products

• Microbes such as mold and fungi – often mold develops in standing water within

the mechanical system and is then distributed throughout the building in the

supply air

• Etc.!!

Without proper ventilation these pollutants make it into our lungs instead of returned to the

mechanical equipment and exhausted or filtered.


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One of the main causes of the increase in building pollutants over the years is the change in

building design and operation. In the 1970’s energy conservation attempts “tighten” buildings

designs. Buildings do not breathe (infiltration and exfiltration) like they used to. Another attempt

at conserving energy is made by owners. Building owners will partially or fully close outdoor air

dampers to reduce energy consumption. They have also been cutting costs on needed

maintenance to mechanical equipment, thus equipment is not being changed or cleaned

adequately. This results in inadequate ventilation for building occupants.

Another cause of poor indoor air quality is using a building for other purposes than it was

designed to be used for. Often there are too many people in an area, resulting in the inability of

the ventilation system to be affective in this area. Also, the addition of electrical equipment

and/or furniture in an area can add to the pollutants and load in the room not allowing for proper

ventilation.

Problems arise when ventilation systems, in an effort to save energy, do not bring in adequate

amounts of outdoor air. The ventilation requirements set by ASHRAE Standard 62 require a

certain amount of outdoor air to be brought into the building at all times. Unfortunately this does

not always occur. Inadequate ventilation can occur if the air supply and return vents within each

room are blocked or placed in such a way that outdoor air does not actually reach certain areas of

the building. Improperly located outdoor air intake vents can also bring in air contaminated with

automobile and truck exhaust, boiler emissions, fumes from dumpsters, or air vented from

restrooms. Finally, ventilation systems can be a source of indoor pollution themselves by

spreading biological contaminants that have multiplied in cooling towers, humidifiers,

dehumidifiers, air conditioners or the inside surfaces of ventilation duct work.

In a cooling application if re-circulated was fully used the load on the cooling coil would only

result from cooling the return air at approximately 75°F instead of cooling the outdoor air that

may be over 100°F. The outdoor air load is thus one of the largest energy consumers in the

building. Ways to reduce the outdoor air load of a building without reducing indoor air quality

are by using desiccant wheels, enthalpy wheels, sensible wheels, Coil Energy Recovery Loop,


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Twin-Tower Enthalpy Recovery Loop, Heat Pipe Heat Exchangers, Fixed Plate Exchangers

Thermosyphon Heat Exchangers and better designs. Better designs are those that decrease

ventilation air required in a building. An example is a dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) that

only supplies the amount of air (air at the right temperature and absolute humidity to take care of

the latent load in each space) needed to each space to meet its ventilation requirements and uses

another parallel system to take care of the sensible load in the room. Another example is a

variable air volume (VAV) designed with all rooms on the same air handling unit having the

some Z factor (Z factor defined by ASHRAE Standard 62)


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3.1--Energy Recovery Wheels

Background Information

Energy Recovery Wheels can be used in systems to reduce the outdoor air cooling load and

improve the indoor air quality. As mentioned previously the outdoor air load is one of the

largest loads associated with a building HVAC system. Energy wheels run between an exhaust

air stream and the outdoor air stream. The wheels are used to exchange the properties of the

exhaust air stream and with that of the outdoor air stream without actually mixing the two air

streams. Energy Recovery Wheels can also reduce condensation on equipment and humidity

levels in air ducts, eliminating growth of mold, mildew, and bacteria, and thus helping control

indoor air quality. Also, Energy Recovery Wheels inadvertently increase IAQ when they

decrease the outdoor air load because building operators are much less likely to close off or

reduce the outdoor air damper when the energy cost is less. There are three main types of energy

recovery wheels; sensible wheels, enthalpy wheels and desiccant wheels. Sensible wheels

exchange sensible heat only between the two air streams. Enthalpy wheels exchange latent and

sensible heat between the two air streams. Desiccant wheels primary function is to transfer

latent heat, in the process sensible heat is actually added to the air.

The advantages to using Energy Recovery Wheels are:

• Pre-conditioning incoming outdoor air thus reducing the outdoor air load on the system.

• Easily integrated/retrofitted into new/existing ventilation systems.

• Helps to meet ventilation standard without raising energy cost.

• Allows reduction in system capacity by 30 to 65%.

• Less dehumidification and humidification is required

The disadvantages/drawbacks of using Energy Recovery Wheels are:

• Possible cross contamination between air streams


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• Generally not cost effective when the exhaust air stream is less than 50% of the outdoor

air stream.

• Increased maintenance- cleaning wheels

Desiccant Dehumidification

Background

Desiccant dehumidification is the process that uses a desiccant material to produce a

dehumidification affect. The process involves exposing the material to a high relative humidity

air stream where it will collect moisture from the air stream. Conventional solid desiccants

include silica gel, activated alumina, lithium chloride salt, molecular sieves and a new sold

desiccant material is zeolites.. Zeolites are designed to be more effective for cooling

applications. Liquid desiccants include lithium chloride, lithium bromide, calcium chloride, and

triethylene glycol solutions.

After the material is exposed to a high relative humidity air stream, it is then exposed to a lower

relative humidity air stream which will draw the moisture back out. The first air stream is

dehumidified while the second air stream is used to regenerate the desiccant material. In the

process of removing moisture from the air stream the desiccant wheel can also remove

contaminants thus improving IAQ. Often a normal exhaust air stream is unable to regenerate the

wheel to the proper conditions in which it can then remove the amount of moisture needed from

the high relative humidity air stream. A high heat source is needed to regenerate the wheel. This

heat source can be any means that reaches the appropriate temperature for proper regeneration

but one that is low cost or free heat is the best. Examples of ways to obtain regeneration heat are

solar energy, electric heat and waste heat off a boiler or absorption chiller. The process describe

above refers to a passive desiccant wheel, a system with only a desiccant wheel, it can be seen in

Figure 3.1-1 below.


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Figure 3.1-1 Desiccant Dehumidification

An Active Desiccant wheel is another configuration of a desiccant dehumidification system. An

example of one way of configuring an active desiccant system can be seen in Figure 3.1-2 below.

This desiccant system consists of a desiccant, and a heat exchanger often an enthalpy wheel.

The enthalpy wheel will rotate at a speed of about 40 revolutions per minute (rpm) between the

exhaust air from the building and the process air stream. The process air stream as it is supply

side air stream. The desiccant wheel will rotate at a slower speed of about 10 revolutions per

hour (rph). The desiccant is equipped with a burner to modulate the regeneration temperature

and thus control the moisture removal capacity of the wheel.

Figure 3.1-2 Active Desiccant Dehumidification


Sarasota, FL


Figure 3.1-3 Basic Air Desiccation Process

In Figure 3.1-4 shows the basic air process of a desiccant system. The desiccant wheel is used to

drive the moisture out of the air (process A to B in Figure 3.1-3). The use of a heat exchanger is

used to cool the air back down after the moisture is driven out (Process B to C in Figure 3.1-3).

The cooling down of the air after the dehumidification process and the needed heat to regenerate

the wheel add complexities to the desiccant system that sometimes make the system unable to be

used in certain applications. Normally desiccant dehumidification is best in applications where

the regeneration heat can be taken from a “free” source (like an absorption chiller) and the

cooling of the air after the dehumidification process is also “free” or at a lower energy cost than

it would be to just let the cooling coil do the process, as is normal practice in most conventional

systems today.

Redesign using Desiccant Dehumidification

Calculations

The Florida State University Ringling Conservation Center’s location and parameters make it a

good application for desiccant dehumidification. The humidity levels in Florida reach around

147.5 grains per pound for decent periods of time. Also, the outdoor air temperature in the


Sarasota, FL


summer months is in the upper 90’s most days. The parameters for the building are that in area’s

with containing art work the relative humidly must be kept at 50% at all times. Using desiccant

dehumidification will help properly maintained relative humidity while lowering the energy cost

of the building systems. The proposal was to using an active desiccant system in each of the

eight air handling units in the building. The configuration of the wheels is shown below in figure

3.1-4. This is like Figure 3.1-3 using the enthalpy wheel as the heat exchanger. Do to the fact

there is no waste heat in the building that can be used to regenerate the wheel an electric heater

must also be installed to create the heat for the wheel regeneration. The exhaust air stream must

be split to provide air for both the desiccant wheel and the enthalpy wheel. Calculations where

done using 285°F and 320°F for the electric heater temperatures. These temperatures are the

limits that Novel Aire suggests for low and high temperatures.

Figure 3.1-4 Active Desiccant System for Redesign

Design Considerations/Assumptions:

• The room air conditions for general occupancy area’s is 72°F and 50% RH

• The room air conditions for area’s containing artwork is 70°F and 50% RH

• A 2°F rise in exhaust air was assumed from room conditions.


Sarasota, FL


o The exhaust air flow was split between the desiccant wheel and the enthalpy

wheel. Using the Novel Aire desiccant wheel simulation program the amount of

air needed to pass through the desiccant wheel was determined. The rest of the

exhaust air was then used for the enthalpy wheel.

• The effectiveness of the enthalpy wheel and the desiccant wheel where taken from Novel

Aire simulation program. (Shown in Figure 3.1-5 & 6 below for AHU 1-1)

Figure 3.1-5 Novel Aire Desiccant Wheel Simulation Program


Sarasota, FL


Figure 3.1-6 Novel Aire Enthalpy Wheel Simulation Program

NOTE: Wheel Effectiveness typical = (143.4-111.1)/(143.4-72) = 0.452 = 45.2%

Conclusions Desiccant Dehumidification

The calculations for this section can be seen in Appendix A. After calculating the results of

using this configuration for AHU1-1 it was concluded that this set up of desiccant

dehumidification was not worth using. The savings was compared to the same system just using

an enthalpy wheel. The savings using the enthalpy wheel was greater (this is will discussed

more in the next section). The savings created by using this set up was minimal and the extra

equipment necessary was too great for these little savings. As it can be seen in the results there

are many things that led to a low energy savings in this set up:

• The exhaust air had to be split between two sections thus reducing the efficiency of both

the desiccant wheel and the enthalpy wheel.


Sarasota, FL


• Running the electric heater add energy to the system (these numbers were not calculated

since the energy savings of the wheel was so low—it was unnecessary to calculated this

additional energy cost.)

• Using a desiccant wheel before an enthalpy wheel reduces the effectiveness of the

enthalpy wheel.

• The sensible load increase from the desiccant wheel is too great for the enthalpy wheel to

handle and thus reduces the effectiveness of this system.

In conclusion an active desiccant system analyzed here was not a good energy reducer. Instead

of this desiccant system enthalpy wheels alone will next be used to reduce the outdoor air load.

Just using an enthalpy wheel is less maintenance as well as more effective. Another active

desiccant dehumidification configuration may have been more effective in this application. All

desiccant dehumidification systems are fairly complicated and add additional maintenance.

Therefore, active desiccant systems will not be used for this building.

Enthalpy Wheels

Background

Enthalpy wheels are becoming common in Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC)

systems. They bring incoming air closer in temperature and humidity to exhaust air, which

reduces the load on the heating and cooling systems. A well-designed enthalpy wheel system

(one in which the exhaust air flow matches the outdoor air flow) can recover 60% to 80% of the

energy that would otherwise be needed to heat or cool outside air. It lowers building operating

costs and the capital cost of cooling and heating equipment as smaller devices can be installed.

As the same with the desiccant wheel the enthalpy wheel can remove contaminants for the air

thus improving IAQ.

An enthalpy wheel is positioned so that the exhaust air and the supply air travel through it in

opposite directions through separate ducts. The incoming air travels through the wheel before it

enters the rest of the HVAC system. Enthalpy wheels can recover both sensible and latent


Sarasota, FL


energy. Sensible heat is transferred as the metallic substrate picks up and stores heat from the

warmer air stream and gives it up to the cooler one. Latent heat is transferred as the synthesized

metallic substrate condenses moisture from the air stream that has the higher humidity ratio

through adsorption and releases the moisture through evaporation into the air stream that has the

lower humidity ratio. This all can be seen in figure 3.1-7 below.

Figure 3.1-7 Enthalpy Wheel

Wheels with a honeycomb matrix were introduced in the mid sixties. The medium was asbestos

paper impregnated with lithium chloride. Due to inherent absorption properties of asbestos and

lithium chloride these rotors had a short life. In the late seventies asbestos was replaced by kraft

paper; however, lithium chloride continued to remain the preferred desiccant due to its ease of

impregnation of media. In the mid seventies, two new enthalpy wheel models hit the market and

continue to be offered to date. The oxidized aluminum wheels offered by some manufacturers,

has corrugated aluminum foil wound on a mandrel and braced by steel strips on the sides. The

assembly is dipped into a bromide solution to cause the aluminums to oxidize and form a layer

of alumina - a known desiccant. Such wheels have heat transfer characteristics comparable to the

others at a lower cost. However, these wheels have a weaker structural integrity and suffer from


Sarasota, FL


a desiccant migration problem. The other type of wheel uses silica gel as desiccant which is

bonded to the aluminum substrate through a coating process. The matrix is supported by spokes

and rim assembly. In the 1980s, considerable advances were being made in the fabrication of

silica and other compounds for the semiconductor industry. A derivative of these innovations

was the development of molecular sieves – synthetic zeolites that could be designed at the

molecular level. At the same time, manufacturing processes had been developed to allow the

bonding of a breathable layer of desiccant to metal or plastic surfaces.

Enthalpy wheels today are mainly either use Silica Gel or Molecular Sieve as the transfer

medium. Silica gel is a highly porous solid adsorbent material that structurally resembles a rigid

sponge. It has a very large internal surface composed of myriad microscopic cavities and a vast

system of capillary channels that provide pathways connecting the internal microscopic cavities

to the outside surface of the sponge. Silica gel enthalpy wheels transfer water by rotating

between two air streams of different vapor pressures. The vapor pressure differential drives

water molecules into/from these cavities to transfer moisture from the more humid air stream to

the drier air stream. Silica Gel is a substance that has preference for the adsorption of water

vapor molecules over other chemicals. Silica gel is the best desiccant for comfort ventilation

applications because, at typical relative humidity’s, it transfers two to three times as much water

by weight as compared to a Molecular Sieve. Silica gel has superior characteristics for

recovering space conditioning energy from exhaust air and handling high relative humidity

outside conditions. Another key point is that the transfer of water by sorption/desorption is not

dependent on temperature. Thus, the silica gel enthalpy wheel works to reduce latent load at

difficult part-load conditions. Molecular sieves are crystalline metal aluminosilicates having a

three dimensional interconnecting network of silica and alumina tetrahedra. Natural water of

hydration is removed from this network by heating to produce uniform cavities which selectively

adsorb molecules of a specific size. Molecular sieves are preferred for regenerated applications

such as desiccant cooling and dehumidification systems that must reduce processed air streams

to very low relative humidity.


Sarasota, FL


Figure 3.1-8 Enthalpy Wheel Desiccants

Early in the development of Enthalpy wheels cross contamination was a large problem. Faulty

seals, poor designs and poor installations gave Enthalpy wheels a bad reputation in the design

world. They were not readily used after this occurred. Today they are slowly making a

comeback. Early in the development of Enthalpy wheels cross contamination was a large

problem. Faulty seals, poor designs and poor installations gave Enthalpy wheels a bad

reputation in the design world. They were not readily used after this occurred. Today they are

slowly making a comeback. The concern for enthalpy wheels is that the exhaust air could

contaminate the fresh air coming from outdoors with particles that are removed from the

outgoing airstreams by the wheel, such as VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) from cleaning

agents, or microorganisms from carpets, behind insulation and even from people. Through the

use of better seals, purge sector and molecular sieve; cross-contamination is reduced to an

insignificant amount, around 0.04%.


Sarasota, FL


Redesign using Enthalpy Wheels:

Calculations

On The Florida State University Ringling Conservation Center Enthalpy wheels where added to

each of the air handling units to analysis the energy savings that they would achieve. The hope

is to reduce the outdoor air latent load significantly and that the first cost of the wheels is offset

by the savings that could be achieved by adding the wheels to all of the eight units.

Design Considerations/Assumptions:

• The room air conditions for general occupancy area’s is 72°F and 50% RH

• The room air conditions for area’s containing artwork is 70°F and 50% RH

• A 2°F rise in exhaust air was assumed from room conditions.

• The effectiveness of the enthalpy wheels where taken from Novel Aire simulation

program. (Shown in Figure 3.1-9 below for AHU 1-1)

• All of the air handling units where designed to supply air at 48°F and 38 Gr/lb

• The wheels are run until there is no net savings for running them.

• The wheels are modulated to reach design supply air temperatures when the temperature

falls below 48°F (the supply air temperature). While heating the air the wheels also

humidify, reducing the load on the humidifiers. At these conditions the cooling coil load

is not in use.


Sarasota, FL


Figure 3.1-9 Novel Aire Enthalpy Wheel Simulation Program AHU 1-1

NOTE: Wheel Effectiveness Typical = (147.5-85.7)/(147.5-58.5) = 0.694 = 69.4%

A bin year was created using Bin Maker. It takes in to account occupied/unoccupied times as

well as considers the fact that from May to September the building has a reduced occupancy in

certain areas of the building. This reduction in building occupancy comes from the fact that the

building is an education facility. From the HAP load analysis the average outdoor air flow in

each bin was determined. The total savings for each air handling unit was then calculated and

related to the amount of kilowatts of energy that would be saved. Lastly, a cost analysis was

done to determine the payback period of adding the wheels.

Conclusion--Enthalpy Wheels

Calculations for this section can be seen in Appendix B. Overall the enthalpy wheels proved to

be a sufficient way to reduce the load on the cooling coils of each air handling unit. Table 3.1-1


Sarasota, FL


shows the Novel Aire wheels that were selected for each air handling unit. Novel Aire’s

specification booklet can be seen in Appendix B.

AHU SA cfm OA cfm EA cfm Novel Aire

ECW Purge cfm Wheel Size

(inches) AHU 1-1 990 590 470 244 4 24 AHU 1-2 2500 1540 1380 364 13 36 AHU 1-3 4870 4870 4870 544 36 60 AHU 1-4 1450 580 480 244 4 24 AHU 1-5 3100 420 320 204 2 20 AHU 2-1 5600 2000 1380 364 13 36 AHU 2-2 1000 7600 4500 724 35 72 AHU 2-3 880 580 480 244 4 24

Table 3.1-1 General AHU Information and Enthalpy Wheel Selections

A summary of the savings achieved by each air handling unit can be seen in Table 3.1-2. As it

can be seen from these results on average the enthalpy wheels saved 33% of the overall outdoor

air load.

AHU Without EW kBtu

With EW kBtu

Savings Total kBtu % Savings

AHU 1-1 240,855 157,954 82,901 34% AHU 1-2 458,110 317,167 140,943 31% AHU 1-3 823,124 533,994 289,131 35% AHU 1-4 197,700 133,077 64,622 33% AHU 1-5 129,219 88,252 40,966 32% AHU 2-1 639,188 435,785 203,404 32% AHU 2-2 1,208,102 855,603 352,498 29% AHU 2-3 109,287 67,995 41,292 38%

Table 3.1-2 Total Outdoor Air Load

The enthalpy wheels were installed mainly to lessen the latent load of the system. A summary of

the latent load savings can be seen in Table 3.1-3 below. The enthalpy wheels were able to on

average save 49% of the overall latent load on the coiling coil. Of the total savings by the

enthalpy wheel on average 84% was latent load. This is because the latent load, especially in


Sarasota, FL


Florida, is much higher than the sensible load, therefore resulting in a great difference between

the outdoor air stream gr/lb and the exhaust air stream gr/lb.

AHU Without EW kBtu

With EW kBtu

Savings Total kBtu

% Savings of Latent

Load % Savings of Total Savings

AHU 1-1 139,873 70,321 69,552 50% 84% AHU 1-2 259,975 136,647 123,328 47% 88% AHU 1-3 461,681 220,810 240,871 52% 83% AHU 1-4 110,961 57,217 53,744 48% 83% AHU 1-5 74,417 39,201 35,216 47% 86% AHU 2-1 359,788 189,633 170,155 47% 84% AHU 2-2 687,560 399,524 288,036 42% 82% AHU 2-3 64,438 29,493 34,945 54% 85%

Table 3.1-3 Latent Savings

Table 3.1-4 shows the sensible savings. On average the wheels save 12% of the overall sensible

coiling cool load can be reduced using enthalpy wheels.

AHU Without EW kBtu

With EW kBtu

Savings Total kBtu

% Savings of Sensible

Load % Savings of Total Savings

AHU 1-1 100,982 87,633 13,349 13% 16% AHU 1-2 198,135 180,520 17,615 9% 12% AHU 1-3 361,443 313,184 48,259 13% 17% AHU 1-4 86,738 75,860 10,878 13% 17% AHU 1-5 54,802 49,052 5,750 10% 14% AHU 2-1 279,400 246,152 33,248 12% 16% AHU 2-2 520,542 456,080 64,463 12% 18% AHU 2-3 44,850 38,502 6,348 14% 15%

Table 3.1-4 Sensible Savings

The humidifier load in the building is relatively low. The only air handlers that contain

humidifiers are AHU 1-1, AHU 1-3, AHU 1-4, and AHU 2-3. These air handling units serve the

areas where artwork is located. The humidifier load is very hard to determine. It depends really

on the return air conditions. If the absolute humidity in the return air is enough to, when mixed,

offset the dryness of the outdoor air the humidifier is not needed. If the absolute humidity of the


Sarasota, FL


return air mixed with the outdoor air is less than the needed air humidity level then the

humidifier would be needed. The enthalpy wheels can aid in the process of humidifying but can

not always take the full load. These results assume that the enthalpy wheels are running to heat

the air up to supply air conditions. The humidifying that the wheel does in the process of heating

this air up is summarized in Table 3.1-5 and the heating in Table 3.1-6. The air may not actually

need to be heated to the supply air temperature though. Mixing the outdoor air with the return

air may still result in cooling during these bins. Therefore these results are only good when the

outdoor air needs to be heated by the enthalpy wheel to the supply air temperature. It is very

hard to know how much savings the wheels will provide for heating and humidifying. The only

concrete result is that they will provide some reduction in load.

AHU Without EW kBtu

With EW kBtu

Savings Total kBtu

% Savings of Total Savings

AHU 1-1 1,833 1,593 240 13% AHU 1-2 4,093 3,550 543 13% AHU 1-3 6,967 5,921 1,046 15% AHU 1-4 1,900 1,658 242 13% AHU 1-5 1,185 958 227 19% AHU 2-1 5,775 4,941 834 14% AHU 2-2 21,973 20,779 1,194 5% AHU 2-3 434 378 56 13%

Table 3.1-5 Humidifier Load

AHU

Heating Load Btu

Heating Load w/EW Btu

Savings Total kBtu

% Savings of Total Savings

AHU 1-1 242 0 242 100% AHU 1-2 593 0 593 100% AHU 1-3 1,138 0 1,138 100% AHU 1-4 338 0 338 100% AHU 1-5 243 0 242 100% AHU 2-1 1,173 0 1,173 100% AHU 2-2 1,267 0 1,267 100% AHU 2-3 57 0 57 100%

Table 3.1-6 Heating Load


Sarasota, FL


Cost Savings—Enthalpy Wheels

The cost savings of the enthalpy wheels was calculated and is summarized in Table 3.1-7. The

cost savings was done using 36% of the hours as on-peak and 64% of the hours as off-peak.

This is a fair assumption using Florida Power and Lights on-peak and off-peak hours. The

amount of savings achieved by the enthalpy wheels is on average $3,275.68.

AHU On Peak kWh

per Year

Off Peak kWh Per

Year On Peak kWh

Cost Off Peak kWh

Cost AHU 1-1 5,033.7 8948.9 $120.00 $66.31 AHU 1-2 10,667.7 18964.8 $254.32 $140.53 AHU 1-3 21,702.3 38581.9 $517.38 $285.89 AHU 1-4 3,023.3 5374.7 $72.07 $39.83 AHU 1-5 3,087.4 5488.7 $73.60 $40.67 AHU 2-1 15,328.0 27249.7 $365.42 $201.92 AHU 2-2 26,595.1 47280.1 $634.03 $350.35 AHU 2-3 3,062.6 5444.6 $73.01 $40.34

Totals 88,500.1 157333.5 $2,109.84 $1,165.84 Table 3.1-7 Total Cost Savings

The first cost of the enthalpy wheels is shown in Table 3.1-8. These prices are from Novel Aire.

Wheel Price Number of

Wheels Installation

Cost Total Cost ECW 204 $600.00 1 $420.00 $1,020.00 ECW 244 $900.00 3 $420.00 $3,120.00 ECW 364 $1,500.00 2 $505.00 $3,505.00 ECW 544 $3,400.00 1 $630.00 $4,030.00 ECW 724 $6,100.00 1 $630.00 $6,730.00

Totals $12,500.00 8 $2,605.00 $18,405.00 Table 3.1-8 Enthalpy Wheel First Cost

The cost of the wheels is not the only addition cost associated with adding enthalpy wheels to the

system. There is also additional cost for installing more exhaust fans since there are a few larger

exhaust fans in the building. Smaller exhausts fans were added to each air handling unit to

provide the wheels with there appropriate exhaust air cfm. Also the section for the enthalpy

wheel must be added to the unit. The total of all these costs was on average $625 per air


Sarasota, FL


handling unit. Therefore the actual total cost of adding enthalpy wheels to the system is

$24,405. The cost of the coiling coils is also reduced for each unit. This results in a first cost

reduction of $7896.00 therefore reducing the first cost of the system to $15,509.00. The pay

back period for the wheels is approximately 4.7 years.


Sarasota, FL


3.2--Thermal Storage:

Thermal storage is the process of storing energy. The energy can be stored in the storage

medium either by changing its temperature (heating or cooling) or by changing its "phase"

(liquid to solid). The energy is released when the process is reversed. This section will only

focus on storing cooling since that is the application that will be applied to The Florida State

University Ringling Conservation Center.

Long-term storage of thermal energy in large amounts (>1000 MWh) has been in use since the

1980s. The storage medium is generally water or rocks, e.g. in aquifers, rock caverns, bore

holes. Short-term storage of "coolness" in air-conditioned buildings is mostly used for Demand

Side Management (DSM) purposes, where the systems have been found to be cost-effective.

The main applications have been in the USA, Canada and Japan.

The concept of cooling thermal storage is to produce cooling by making ice or low temperature

water at off-peak electrical times (normally night time) to be melted or used during on-peak

electrical times. This is done because off-peak electrical rates are lower than on-peak rates. As

well as on-peak demand charges can be greatly reduced when the peak load is shifted from on-

peak hours to off-peak hours.

Storage can be done as “full storage” or “partial storage”. Installing a system that is capable of

avoiding all the on-peak chiller operation is referred to as “full storage.” An alternative referred

to as "partial storage" minimizes or eliminates any additional initial capital investment. By

operating a chiller for the entire day, on-peak at standard conditions and off-peak at ice-making

conditions, its size is usually reduced to 40% to 50% of the conventional design. A graph of

“full storage” and “partial storage” can be seen below. For “partial storage” the cooling

equipment (a chiller) would not be able to fully shut-down during the on-peak hours. Often

“partial storage” is used to load level (as seen in figure), letting the chillers run at full capacity

all the time. This allows for the best efficiency in your chiller (more energy efficient) as well as

provides a level load profile. A level load can lead to a good application for a combined heat

and power system (CHP) that allows for even more additional energy savings.


Sarasota, FL


Figure 3.2-1 Full Storage Vs. Partial Storage

The HVAC industry is very sensitive to the changes in electric power rates. Thermal storage for

cooling applications depends almost entirely on time differentiated utility rate structures for its

existence. Thermal storage is used mainly in commercial buildings because commercial


Sarasota, FL


building on-peak electrical rates are one of the highest rates out there. The commercial customer

presents a particularly poor load profile to the utility. Therefore, commercial customers pay, on

average, 65% more for their electricity than industrial customers. Considerable debate exists

about the eventual savings that deregulation will produce, but it is clear that off-peak power will

be extremely inexpensive.

There are many advantages to using thermal storage, some of which have been listed above. The

greatest benefit of thermal storage is its ability to produce more kWh from fewer kW of

operating capacity. Producing energy at off-peak times reduces the load on the utilities thus

taking some of the peak load off of them. All other things being equal, thermal storage

customers will consume approximately the same kWh as their conventional system counterpart.

Even if customers can only displace 20% of the peak demand, a conservative goal, the power

provider has the opportunity to sell all of the original kWh, plus an additional 20% in kWh sales

to another customer. Although it is debatable, most of the time Thermal storage systems can be

designed to use less electrical energy than their conventional counterparts. This savings comes

from using equipment at maximum capacity for longer time periods. Equipment sizes are most

often smaller, up to 40-50%. Often in full or partial storage the capacity of the chiller needed is

less than in a non-thermal storage application. Other benefits from this include the reduction in

operating costs compared to on-peak marginal capacity, lower emissions costs per kWh and

improved transmission efficiency. Thermal storage also presents one of the only ways of

shifting load. Storage systems do not negatively impact a facility's operation, as other load

shedding or load control programs almost always do. On a first cost basis thermal storage

systems are typically little to no additional cost and provide an energy cost reduction. Finally,

thermal storage is very versatile. As electrical rates change and costs shift thermal storage can

be adjusted to meet these changes.

As with every system there are draw-backs to using thermal storage. Storage tanks must be

installed. They can often take up large areas and cause maintenance issues. There are also

safety and hygiene concerns when there are large tanks with standing water or ice in them. These


Sarasota, FL


systems are not limited to but are most often used with only pure water and not mixture solutions

for these reasons. Special training for operators and maintenance persons can also be a concern.

Cool thermal storage can be done with chilled water or ice as the storage medium. Chilled-water

storage systems use the sensible heat capacity of water—1 Btu per pound (lb) per degree

Fahrenheit (F)—to store cooling capacity. They operate at temperature ranges compatible with

standard chiller systems and are most economical for systems greater than 2,000 ton-hours in

capacity. Ice thermal storage systems use the latent heat of fusion of water—144 Btu/lb—to

store cooling capacity. Storing energy at the temperature of ice requires refrigeration equipment

that can cool the charging fluid (typically, a water/glycol mixture) to temperatures below the

normal operating range of conventional air-conditioning equipment. Special ice-making

equipment or standard chillers modified for low-temperature service are used. When ice thermal

storage is incorporated into a building system the low temperatures of the chilled-water supply

allow the use of low-temperature air distribution (usually calling for Fahrenheit temperatures in

the mid-40s, versus the mid-50s for conventional systems), meaning smaller fans and ducts are

needed. When ice is the storage medium, there are several technologies available for creating ice

and using the ice to cool circulated fluid. The first of which is ice harvesting. Ice harvesting

systems have an evaporator surface on which ice is formed. It is then frequently released into a

storage tank that is partially filled with water. The second is external melt ice-on-coil systems.

They use submerged pipes through which a refrigerant or secondary coolant is circulated. This

causes ice to accumulate on the outside of the pipes. Storage is discharged by circulating the

warm return water over the pipes, melting the ice from the outside. Internal melt ice-on-coil

systems also feature submerged pipes on which ice is formed. Storage is discharged by

circulating warm coolant through the pipes, melting the ice from the inside. Ice slurry systems

store water or water/glycol solutions in a slurry state—a partially frozen mixture of liquid and

ice crystals that looks much like a frozen fruit smoothie. To meet cooling demand, the slurry

may be pumped directly to the load or to a heat exchanger that cools a secondary fluid that

circulates through the building's chilled-water system. Internal melt ice-on-coil systems are the

most commonly used type of ice storage technology in commercial applications. External melt


Sarasota, FL


and ice harvesting systems are more common in industrial applications, although they can also

be applied in commercial buildings and district cooling systems. Ice slurry systems have not

been widely used in commercial applications. Eutectic salts, also known as phase-change

materials, use a combination of inorganic salts, water, and other elements to create a mixture that

freezes at a desired temperature. The material is encapsulated in plastic containers that are

stacked in a storage tank through which water is circulated. The most commonly used mixture

for thermal storage freezes at 47°F, which allows the use of standard chilling equipment to

charge storage, but leads to higher discharge temperatures.

Storage tanks must have the strength to withstand the pressure of the storage medium, and they

must be watertight and corrosion-resistant. Aboveground outdoor tanks must be weather-

resistant. Buried tanks must withstand the weight of their soil covering and any other loads that

might occur above the tank, such as parked cars. Tanks may also be insulated to minimize

external condensation and thermal losses, which typically run 1 to 5 percent per day. Options for

tank materials include steel, concrete, and plastic. Large steel tanks have the capacity of up to

several million gallons. Cylindrical pressurized tanks are generally used to hold between 3,000

and 56,000 gallons. Concrete tanks may be precast or cast in place. Precast tanks are most

economical in sizes of one million gallons or more. Plastic tanks are typically delivered as

prefabricated modular units. Rectangular tanks are commonly available in sizes up to 8 x 8 x 20

feet. Steel and concrete are the most commonly used types of tanks for chilled-water storage.

Most ice harvesting systems use site-built concrete, external-melt systems usually use concrete

or steel tanks, internal melt systems usually use plastic or steel, and eutectic salt systems

commonly use concrete tanks with polyurethane.


Sarasota, FL


Figure 3.2-2 Volume Needed Per Ton-hour

Thermal Storage For This Project:

The Florida State University Ringling Conservation Center is served by a chiller plant that serves

the entire Ringling campus. Currently there are two 650 ton water cooled centrifugal chillers

providing 40 degree water at a 10 degree delta temperature. Using thermal storage on a campus

normally works well due to the fact that they are used year round. Also, when using a campus

instead of just one building the load profiles are normally more stable and a larger on-peak/ off-

peak load exists allowing for enough off-peak cooling to occur to make the option cost effective.

The analysis done on the chiller plant will be to analysis load leveling as well as partial storage

to find which application works best.

Calculation—Partial Storage

All calculations and specifications for equipment talked about in this section can be seen in

Appendix C.

Loads for June, July and August where acquired from the designing engineer. These months

were the only months needed to design the original plant. July, being the design month led to the

design containing one 650 ton chiller with one redundant 650 ton chiller. To do a typical year


Sarasota, FL


analysis bin data was used for each day of the year. Using the relationship between wet bulb

temperatures and tons of cooling a bin year was created.

Once the bin year was created the electricity on-peak and off-peak times (see Figure 3.2-3)

where used to find the maximum storage that would be needed to meet the peak demands while

shifting as much load to off-peak hours as possible. Originally July was assumed as the design

month. Since the off-peak/on-peak times vary between November-March and April-October the

design month actually turned out to be March. This is because March had the largest load where

only 8 hours where available for storage. The other off-peak hours from November to March are

during the day when the ice storage system would be used for meeting the load and not for

storage.

The thermal storage load was determined by subtracting the peak loads from hours 9-19 from the

base load design. The base load is around 110 tons. This chiller was sized at 150 tons. Extra

capacity was added to the system for future expansion.. A York water cooled Centrifugal Chiller

was selected to cover the base load. The thermal storage capacity needed was determined to be

4000 ton hours for the month of March. This load could be stored over eight hours. This

corresponds to a 500 ton thermal storage chiller. A MaxE York Centrifugal Chiller was selected

as the thermal storage chiller. This machine has the capability of making ice, although the

overall efficiency of the chiller is de-rated approximately 30%. The peak ton hours of 4445.5

occur on July 29th. This load could be stored over 11 hours and therefore led to a lower ton per

hour than was needed in March. The storage tanks needed where then sized using Calmac

Icetanks. They were sized off of the max ton hours (4445.5 tonh). It was determined that 8--

1500CSF model tanks are needed. They have the capacity to hold 4560 ton hours of cooling.

Next, the total electrical costs for the system with thermal storage and without thermal storage

were calculated. It was assumed that the 650 ton chillers would run at an ERR (Energy

efficiency ratio = Btu/kW) of 7 when performing the base load and an EER of 13 when

producing the peak load.


Sarasota, FL


July

0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

700.0

800.0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Hour of the Day

Tons July

Figure 3.2-3 Peak Day Storage—Partial Storage

Storage Tanks

The thermal storage system chosen was an internal melt ice-on coil system since it is most

commonly used for these applications. Figure 3.2-4 shows pictures taken from the ASHRAE

Thermal Storage Design Guide on how the melt ice-on coil system works.

Base Load Chiller


Sarasota, FL


Figure 3.2-4 Thermal Storage Design Guide—Melt Ice-on Coil System

Electric Rates

Florida power and light will supply the electricity for the chiller plant. A full layout of their

charges can be seen in Appendix C. A summary of the charges used for calculations are listed

below in Table 3.2-1. Using thermal storage led to a kW demand between 500-1999 while

without thermal storage the chiller plant is in the 2000+ kW demand category. The on-peak and

off-peak hours can be seen in Figure 3.2-5.


Sarasota, FL


kW Demand Monthly Demand

Charge On Peak kW

Charge On Peak kWh

Charge Off Peak

kWh Charge 21-499 $38.58 $8.16 3.337¢ 1.021¢

500 -1999 $38.12 $8.15 2.279¢ 0.788¢ Table 3.2-1 Summary of Rate Charges Florida Power and Light

Figure 3.2-3 Summary of On-Peak/Off-Peak Hours

Thermal Storage Conclusions—Partial Storage

From the calculations that can be seen in Appendix C it can be seen that the use of thermal storage

can reduce the cost of running this system by about 52%.

Month

Electric Bill w/out Thermal

Storage

Electric Bill w/ Thermal Storage Savings

January $5,882 $3,291 $2,591 February $6,199 $3,126 $3,073

March $5,913 $3,460 $2,453 April $7,806 $3,845 $3,961 May $7,694 $4,252 $3,441 June $8,331 $4,132 $4,199 July $8,624 $4,422 $4,202

August $8,513 $4,254 $4,259 September $8,308 $4,162 $4,146

October $8,149 $4,194 $3,955 November $6,477 $3,598 $2,879 December $6,186 $3,311 $2,875

Total Price $88,083 $46,047 $42,035

Table 3.2-2 Totals Partial Storage Savings


Sarasota, FL


Table 3.2-2 above shows the overall savings totals per month that can be acquired using thermal

storage. The average savings from November to March is $2774 and from April to October is

$4023. The reason there are two averages given is that during the months of November and March

there are different on-peak off-peak structures for these months.

Month

Without Thermal Storage

Thermal Storage Difference

January $3,799.53 $892.70 $2,906.83 February $4,263.00 $891.61 $3,371.39

March $3,697.04 $891.61 $2,805.43 April $4,466.00 $891.61 $3,574.39 May $4,709.60 $891.61 $3,817.99 June $4,709.60 $891.61 $3,817.99 July $4,679.56 $891.61 $3,787.95

August $4,709.07 $892.70 $3,816.37 September $4,583.74 $891.61 $3,692.13

October $4,486.30 $891.61 $3,594.69 November $4,141.20 $891.61 $3,249.59 December $4,100.60 $891.61 $3,208.99

Total $52,345.23 $10,701.51

% of Overall Price 59.4% 23.2% Table 3.2-3 On-Peak kW Demand Charge

As it can be seen in this table the largest charge is the kilowatt demand charge. When the peak

load occurs during peak hours the cost is significantly larger. The peak kilowatts for each month

can be seen in Table 3.2-4 below. Due to the fact the peak load occurs during on-peak hours for

the chiller without thermal storage the demand charge per month is much greater.


Sarasota, FL


Month Without Thermal

Storage Thermal Storage Difference

January 466 109 357 February 525 109 416

March 455 109 346 April 550 109 441 May 580 109 471 June 580 109 471 July 576 109 467

August 578 109 468 September 565 109 455

October 553 109 443 November 510 109 401 December 505 109 396

Table 3.2-4 On-Peak kW Demand

The peak load now is from the base load chiller and is drastically reduced. Lowering this

kilowatt demand now places the plant in a slightly higher customer service charge bracket.

Shifting the load also puts the plant in a higher kilowatt hour rate for both off-peak and on-peak.

Despite this the overall cost of the thermal storage chiller plant energy usage is still less. As it

can be seen in Table 3.2-5 this shift in demand can be seen in the kilowatt hour charge too.



January $1,081.85 $665.09 $416.76 February $1,001.86 $602.39 $399.47

March $1,153.22 $683.90 $469.32 April $2,625.91 $889.90 $1,736.01 May $2,945.89 $992.32 $1,953.58 June $2,716.93 $903.92 $1,813.01 July $3,089.13 $997.50 $2,091.63

August $2,842.90 $971.13 $1,871.76 September $2,924.83 $898.54 $2,026.30

October $2,879.47 $989.99 $1,889.48 November $1,211.23 $702.43 $508.80 December $1,080.23 $662.79 $417.44

Total $25,553.45 $9,959.90

% of Overall Price 29.0% 21.6% Table 3.2-5 On-Peak kWh Charge


Sarasota, FL


The off-peak charges are higher for the case using thermal storage. This is because the majority

of the load was shifted to off-peak, under the higher demand charge savings was still achieved.

Month



January $962.84 $1,695.02 -$732.18 February $896.51 $1,593.68 -$697.17

March $1,024.83 $1,845.76 -$820.94 April $676.25 $2,024.91 -$1,348.66 May $764.14 $2,329.71 -$1,565.57 June $866.08 $2,298.01 -$1,431.92 July $817.25 $2,494.37 -$1,677.11

August $923.36 $2,842.90 -$1,919.54 September $760.90 $2,333.03 -$1,572.14

October $744.93 $2,273.47 -$1,528.54 November $1,086.26 $1,965.25 -$878.98 December $967.38 $1,718.37 -$750.99

Total $10,490.74 $25,414.47

% of Overall Price 11.9% 55.2% Table 3.2- 6 Off-Peak kWh Charge

Summary Tables 3.2-7, 8 & 9 show the overall shifting of the total kilowatt hours for the entire

year.

Month



January 67,933 157,733 -89,800 February 59,078 140,618 -81,540

March 69,081 165,610 -96,529 April 81,270 198,326 -117,057 May 91,816 228,179 -136,363 June 104,722 225,074 -120,352 July 95,059 236,146 -141,087

August 111,688 237,983 -126,294 September 91,434 228,505 -137,070

October 89,534 222,671 -133,137 November 73,759 178,531 -104,772 December 67,654 159,948 -92,294

Totals 1,003,029 2,379,325 -1,376,296 Table 3.2-7 Off-Peak kwh


Sarasota, FL




January 97,864 28,213 69,651 February 87,491 24,472 63,018

March 107,710 35,664 72,046 April 115,222 28,559 86,663 May 129,263 29,737 99,526 June 119,216 29,026 90,190 July 138,935 38,052 100,884

August 124,743 30,072 94,671 September 128,338 28,855 99,483

October 126,348 29,667 96,681 November 106,409 27,496 78,913 December 98,657 28,216 70,440

Totals 1,380,196 358,030 1,022,166 Table 3.2-8 On-Peak kwh

Category Without Thermal

Storage Thermal Storage

Total kWh 2,383,225 2,737,355 kWh On-Peak 1,380,196 358,030 kWh Off-Peak 1,003,029 2,379,325

% kWh On-Peak 57.9% 13.1% % kWh Off-Peak 42.1% 86.9%

Table 3.2-9 Summary of kwh Usage

The thermal storage chiller will be laid out with the chiller downstream as shown in Figure 2-7.

Using the chiller downstream allows the warm water to first flow through the storage tanks

cooling it down before it enters the chiller. This arrangement results in a higher usable storage

capacity and a constant discharge temperature. The downside to using this arrangement is that

when the chiller operates at a lower temperature it is less efficient.


Sarasota, FL


Figure 3.2-7 Chiller Configuration

Payback Period on Investment

The payback period for the partial thermal storage system was calculated. The first cost of the

original system and the thermal storage system are shown in Tables 3.2-10, 11 below.

Equipment Thermal StorageIce Chiller 500 tons $250,000.00 Base Load Chiller 180 ton $94,250.00 Redundant Chiller 500 Tons $169,600.00 Ice Storage Tanks (4560 Ton-hr) $456,000.00

Total $969,850.00 Table 3.2-10 Thermal Storage First Cost

Equipment Original System 650 Ton Chiller $215,000.00 651 Ton Chiller Redundant $215,000.00

Total $430,000.00 Table 3.2-11 Original System First Cost

The difference in first cost between these two systems is $539,850. Using the inflation rate of

money to be 1.023% per year a payback period of 12 years was calculated.


Sarasota, FL


Calculation—Load Leveling

All calculations and specifications for equipment talked about in this section can be seen in

Appendix C.

The calculations for the load leveling system were done using the same bin year created in the

partial storage section. These loads were then compared the original chiller plant design as done

for the partial storage system. The design day for this system occurred in July. The thermal

storage capacity needed was determined to be 2650 ton hours for the design day in July. This

corresponds to a 310 ton thermal storage chiller. A MaxE York Centrifugal Chiller was selected

as the thermal storage chiller. The storage tanks needed where then sized using Calmac

Icetanks. It was determined that 7-- 1320CSF model tanks are needed. They have the capacity to

hold 2660 ton hours of cooling. Figure 3.2-8 shows the design day load.

July

0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

700.0

800.0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Hour of the Day

Tons July

Figure 3.2-8 Design Day Storage—Load Leveling

STORE


Sarasota, FL


Thermal Storage Conclusions—Load Leveling

From the calculations that can be seen in Appendix C it can be seen that the use of thermal

storage can reduce the cost of running this system by about 15.8%. The overall cost analysis can

be seen in the following tables. The results are similar to the partial storage system but less

savings is achieved because using load leveling shifts less kilowatt usage to off-peak than the

partial storage system did. Again the thermal storage chiller will be laid out with the chiller

downstream as shown in Figure 3.2-7.

Month

Electric Bill w/out Thermal

Storage

Electric Bill w/ Thermal Storage Savings

January $5,821 $5,262 $559 February $6,619 $6,012 $607

March $5,707 $5,185 $522 April $7,529 $5,985 $1,544 May $8,005 $6,426 $1,578 June $8,111 $6,632 $1,479 July $8,199 $6,864 $1,335

August $8,115 $6,412 $1,703 September $7,960 $6,302 $1,658

October $7,854 $6,287 $1,567 November $6,450 $5,889 $561 December $6,317 $5,693 $624

Total Price $86,687 $72,949 $13,738

Table 3.2-12 Totals Load Leveling Savings

Table 3.2-12 above shows the overall savings totals per month that can be acquired using load

leveling thermal storage. The average savings from November to March is $575 and from April

to October is $1552. Again the reason there are two averages given is the two rate structures that

occur.


Sarasota, FL


Month



January $3,799.53 $2,170.96 $1,628.57 February $4,278.75 $2,480.26 $1,798.49

March $3,710.70 $2,138.95 $1,571.74 April $4,482.50 $2,138.95 $2,343.55 May $4,727.00 $2,570.08 $2,156.92 June $4,727.00 $2,652.31 $2,074.69 July $4,696.85 $2,744.90 $1,951.94

August $4,709.07 $2,564.26 $2,144.81 September $4,600.68 $2,520.51 $2,080.17

October $4,502.88 $2,514.42 $1,988.45 November $4,156.50 $2,429.68 $1,726.82 December $4,115.75 $2,348.57 $1,767.18

Total $52,507.19 $29,273.85

% of Overall Price 60.6% 40.1% Table 3.2-13 On-Peak kW Demand Charge Load Leveling

As in the partial storage case the largest charge is the kilowatt demand charge. The peak

kilowatts for each month can be seen in Table 3.2-14 below. As you can see, less kilowatts are

able to be shifted using load leveling as opposed to the partial storage case.



January 466 266 200 February 525 304 221

March 455 262 193 April 550 293 257 May 580 315 265 June 580 325 255 July 576 336 240

August 578 314 264 September 565 309 256

October 553 308 244 November 510 298 212 December 505 288 217

Table 3.2-14 On-Peak kW Demand Load Leveling

Lowering this kilowatt demand again places the plant in a slightly higher customer service

charge bracket. Shifting the load also puts the plant in a higher kilowatt hour rate for both off-


Sarasota, FL


peak and on-peak. As it can be seen in Table 3.2-15 this shift in demand can be seen in the

kilowatt hour charge too.

Month



January $1,065.88 $1,917.66 -$851.78 February $1,251.60 $2,190.87 -$939.27

March $1,059.21 $1,889.38 -$830.17 April $2,412.87 $2,378.69 $34.18 May $2,594.39 $2,553.99 $40.40 June $2,688.41 $2,635.70 $52.70 July $2,780.95 $2,727.72 $53.23

August $2,689.47 $2,548.21 $141.26 September $2,662.58 $2,504.73 $157.85

October $2,649.98 $2,498.68 $151.30 November $1,229.35 $2,146.19 -$916.84 December $1,166.39 $2,074.55 -$908.16

Total $24,251.07 $28,066.37

% of Overall Price 28.0% 38.5% Table 3.2-15 On-Peak kWh Charge Load Leveling

The off-peak charges are higher for the case using thermal storage. This is because the majority

of the load was shifted to off-peak. Under the higher demand charge savings was still achieved

though.


Sarasota, FL


Month



January $956.09 $1,173.47 -$217.38 February $1,088.62 $1,340.65 -$252.03

March $936.68 $1,156.17 -$219.48 April $633.53 $1,212.99 -$579.45 May $683.39 $1,302.38 -$618.99 June $695.71 $1,344.05 -$648.34 July $720.80 $1,390.97 -$670.17

August $716.58 $1,299.43 -$582.85 September $696.95 $1,277.26 -$580.31

October $701.21 $1,274.18 -$572.97 November $1,064.52 $1,313.31 -$248.80 December $1,034.78 $1,269.47 -$234.69

Total $9,928.84 $15,354.32

% of Overall Price 11.5% 21.0% Table 3.2- 16 Off-Peak kWh Charge Load Leveling

Summary Tables 3.2-17, 18, 19 show the overall shifting of the total kilowatt hours for the entire

year.

Month



January 97,864 74,228 23,636 February 87,491 76,596 10,895

March 107,710 73,133 34,577 April 115,222 79,203 36,019 May 129,263 87,874 41,388 June 119,216 87,760 31,456 July 138,935 82,104 56,831

August 124,743 87,675 37,068 September 128,338 83,399 44,939

October 126,348 85,971 40,377 November 106,409 80,394 26,015 December 98,657 80,300 18,356

Totals 1,380,196 978,638 401,558 Table 3.2-17 On-Peak kwh Load Leveling


Sarasota, FL


Month



January 67,933 123,713 -55,780 February 59,078 127,660 -68,582

March 69,081 121,889 -52,807 April 81,270 132,004 -50,735 May 91,816 146,457 -54,641 June 104,722 146,267 -41,545 July 95,059 156,419 -61,360

August 111,688 146,125 -34,437 September 91,434 143,632 -52,198

October 89,534 138,663 -49,129 November 73,759 133,990 -60,231 December 67,654 133,834 -66,180

Totals 1,003,029 1,650,653 -647,624 Table 3.2-18 Off-Peak kwh Load Leveling

Category


Thermal Storage

Total kWh 2,383,225 2,629,290 kWh On-Peak 1,380,196 978,638 kWh Off-Peak 1,003,029 1,650,653

% kWh On-Peak 57.9% 37.2% % kWh Off-Peak 42.1% 62.8%

Table 3.2-19 Summary of kwh Usage Load Leveling

Payback Period on Investment

The payback period for the load leveling thermal storage system was calculated. The first cost

of the original system and the thermal storage system are shown in Tables 3.2-20 & 21 below.

Equipment Thermal Storage Ice Chiller 320 tons $160,000.00 Redundant Chiller 650 Tons $215,000.00 Ice Storage Tanks (2660 Ton-hr) $266,000.00

Total $641,000.00 Table 3.2-20 Thermal Storage First Cost Load Leveling

Equipment Original System 650 Ton Chiller $215,000.00 650 Ton Chiller Redundant $215,000.00

Total $430,000.00 Table 3.2-21 Original System First Cost Load Leveling


Sarasota, FL


The difference in first cost between these two systems is $211,000.00. Using the inflation rate of

money to be 1.023% per year a payback period of 15.52 years was calculated.

Thermal Storage—Comparing Systems

Both the partial storage and load leveling systems have too great of payback periods to make

them worth investing in. The systems both have similarities and differences in results. First,

both systems successfully shifted kilowatt hours from on-peak to off-peak hours. However the

partial storage system, which is really set up as a base load chiller and then full storage of the

rest of the load, is more successful at shifting kilowatt hours. With using load leveling about 235

kW of on-peak demand were able to be shifted to off-peak as well as 53,970 kWh on a monthly

average. With using partial storage about 430 kW of on-peak demand were able to be shifted to

off-peak as well as 114,690 kWh on a monthly average. Therefore the savings for the partial

storage system is much greater. Secondly, the shift for both systems is enough to move the plant

down into the next pay structures with Florida Power in Light. This actually really hurts the cost

savings of both systems. The on-peak kwh charge in the lower bracket is 1.058 cents higher than

the higher bracket. The off-peak kwh charge in the lower bracket is 0.233 cents higher. The on-

peak kW demand charge only changes slightly from $8.15/kW to $8.16/kW. Had the plant

stayed in the same bracket the savings would have been much greater for both of these systems.

Finally, the first cost of a thermal storage system in both cases is too high for the amount of

money the plant is able to save on energy bills. The main extra charge comes from the storage

tanks at $100/tonh. Using load leveling less ton hours are needed and therefore the cost of the

tanks is less. However storing less ton hours results in a higher number of on-peak hours which

in turn leads to less savings for the overall system. Finally, both systems overall use more

kilowatts with thermal storage than they do without thermal storage. This does not meet the

design objectives to reduce energy usage. Thermal storage reduces costs by shifting time of use.

The decrease in energy efficiency in making ice increases the overall energy consumption of the

plan.


Sarasota, FL


Chiller Configuration

Currently the chiller plant contains two 650 ton chillers. One of these chillers is redundant.

There are plans to add possibly one or two more buildings onto the plant in the future. The

Ringling campus is running out of land though. Looking at the overall load that the chillers

currently see during about 85% of the year the tonnage needed is under 500 tons. Over night the

load reduces to around 110 tons. A 650 ton chiller running at 110 ton has a very poor efficiency.

If the system had 2—350 ton chillers and 1—300 ton chiller it would be about to meet the loads

with a better efficiency. Also this set up will allow the redundant chiller to be 350 tons therefore

saving on first cost. If more buildings are added to the system more than likely the 300 ton

chiller would still be good for the over night base load. In both set ups another chiller will

probably have to be added to the system when more buildings are added. With this new

configuration the chillers will run closer to full load more often allowing for the overall

efficiency of the system to be higher.

First Cost and Operation Cost Comparison

Equipment First Cost 650 Ton Chiller $215,000.00 650 Ton Redundant $215,000.00

Total $430,000.00 Table 3.2-22 Original Design First Cost

Equipment First Cost 300 Ton Chiller $89,900.00 350 Ton Chillers $121,800.00 350 Ton Redundant Chiller $121,800.00

Total $333,500.00 Table 3.2-23 New Chiller Configuration

From this first cost analysis it can be seen that just by using three smaller chillers opposed to two

larger chillers reduces the first cost of the equipment by $96,500. On a first cost analysis this

makes this option more attractive. Next, the operation cost of running these two configurations

was analyzed. As before it was assumed that on average the 650 ton chiller would run at an EER

of 7 during the night when the load is around 110 tons and at on average an EER of 13 during

the day. With the new configuration the chillers would run on average at an EER of 13 all the


Sarasota, FL


time. This led to the cost savings of approximately $8,040 a year in operating costs. An overall

cost of operation of each configuration and the savings achieved by the new configuration can be

seen in Table 3.2-24 below. On average from November to March the new system saves $524 a

month and from April to October $775 per month.

Table 3.2-24 Operation Cost Saving New Chiller Configuration

Month Cost with 2-650

Ton Chillers

Cost with 1-300 Ton, 2-350

Ton Chillers Savings January $5,882 $5,492 $390 February $6,199 $5,662 $537

March $5,913 $5,433 $480 April $7,806 $6,993 $814 May $7,694 $7,289 $405 June $8,331 $7,451 $879 July $8,624 $7,828 $797

August $8,513 $7,644 $869 September $8,308 $7,461 $847

October $8,149 $7,339 $810 November $6,477 $5,694 $782 December $6,186 $5,757 $430

Total Price $88,083 $80,043 $8,040


Sarasota, FL


4-Acoustics:

Background

In the past acoustics for buildings especially concert halls was done by luck. A design would be

done that worked well and then it would be mimicked. Other times awful designs emerged and

the concert hall would have to be torn down. Acoustic calculations did not exist until the

Harvard University's Fogg Art Museum was built in 1895. Soon after the museum was built it

was determined that its lecture hall had absolutely atrocious acoustics. A young physics

professor, Wallace Clement Sabine, was asked to do some research on the lecture hall. Over the

next three years, Sabine did scientific testing on the room using a stopwatch, organ pipes and a

number of seat cushions. Fogg Art Museum was never fixed but Sabine was able to develop

some useful equations from his research. He formulated an equation for reverberation time,

relating it to room volume and materials (T60 = 0.161*V/A where V is the room volume in cubic

meters, and A is the total absorption in square meters). The unit for a material's sound

absorption, the Sabin, is named after him. The unit of sound absorption is square meter,

referring to the area of open window. This unit stems from the fact that sound energy traveling

toward an open window in a room will not be reflected at all, but completely disappears in the

open air outside. The effect would be the same if the open window would be replaced with 100

% absorbing material of the same dimensions. One sabin is the absorption of one square foot of

open window, and one metric sabin is the absorption of one square meter of open window.

Since the days of Wallace Clement Sabine many advances have been made in the realm of

acoustics. Various branches of acoustics exist that deal with different aspects of sound and

hearing including bioacoustics, physical acoustics, ultrasonic, and architectural acoustics. In the

area of architectural acoustics most of the developments have been made in regards to concert

halls. As this data was collected it was verified how important acoustics are in all areas of a

building. The rest of this section will focus on acoustical items that will apply to The Florida

State University Ringling Conservation Center library area.


Sarasota, FL


Human Hearing

Humans can not hear all sounds produced in a building, therefore only sounds in the audible

range must be accounted for. The upper and the lower limits of the audible frequency (the

number of cycles that the periodic signal completes in one second) range is generally considered

to be 16 Hz to 20,000 Hz. The diagram below shows the typical frequencies at which different

sounds are heard. The audible frequency range depends on many factors such as the setup of the

measurements and the age of the listeners. The human hearing system is more sensitive to

frequencies in the range of 1000 Hz-4000 Hz. Also, the human hearing system is unable to

distinguish between two separate sounds with frequencies too close to each other. For this

reason acoustical measurements and calculations are done in octave bands. An octave band is

the interval between two frequencies having a ratio of 2:1.

Figure 4.1 Human Hearing

Sound levels are measured in decibels. A decibel is the unit used to measure the loudness of

sound. The decibel is a measure of sound intensity as a function of power ratio, with the


Sarasota, FL


difference in decibels between two sounds being given by dB=10 log 10 (P 1 /P 2 ), where P 1 and

P 2 are the power levels of the two sounds. The change in the sound pressure level (SPL) must

be more than certain value in order to be noticeable by the human hearing system. In the chart

below it can be seen how the human hearing system responds to varying decibel levels at

different frequencies. It should be noted that the decibel values of sounds can not be added to

obtain the value of the resulting sound. Instead, the combining levels are turned into intensities,

added together and then turned back into decibel values.

Figure 4.2 Speech Levels

Acoustic Materials

The sound absorption coefficient of a material has is measured in sabins as stated above. It is the

ratio of the absorbed sound energy to the incident energy. For architectural purposes, sound

absorbing materials and constructions can be divided into four types of materials depending on

the way the absorption is mainly performed:

1. Turning the sound energy into heat such as fiberglass and carpet.


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2. Vibrating with a specific frequency when the sound hits the surface such as lightweight

panels and 5/8" gypsum board. (These materials absorb the sound effectively on a

narrow band of frequencies)

3. Turning the sound energy into heat in the neck of the cavities (Helmholtz resonator) such

as sound blocks. (This construction has a good absorption on low frequencies)

4. Allowing the sound to go through such as some types of grid systems and lay-in ceiling

with sound leakage above it.

The most common way to measure sound absorption coefficient is to lay a piece of the material

in a reverberant room and then measure the Reverberation time so the coefficient can be derived

from Sabin equation. Reverberation time is the time required for the sound level in the room to

decay 60 dB, or in other words, it is the time needed for a loud sound to be inaudible after

turning off the sound source. Reverberation time of a room can be controlled by changing the

size or the materials of the room. The optimum reverberation time for different rooms depends

on the volume of the space, the type of the room, and the frequency of the sound.

Often NRC (Noise Reduction Coefficients) is used to evaluate materials absorptive quality. The

NRC is the arithmetic average of the sound absorption coefficients at 250, 500, 1000, and 2000

Hz. This average is rounded to the multiples of 0.05.

Noise Paths

Noise in buildings may take many paths. The following figures illustrate the possible paths.


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Figure 4.3 Transmission Paths

Figure 4.4 Transmission Paths--Partition

Rating Systems

NC - The Noise Criteria values are determined from the measurements of the octave-band

sound levels in an occupied room when the air-conditioning system is on. The

measured values are then compared to standard NC curves to determine the values.


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RC - The Room Criterion is mostly used for acoustical design of HVAC systems. The RC

criteria take into account the noise components at the lowest and the highest

frequencies. The measurement values should be taken in an unoccupied room.

NCB – The Balanced Noise Criterion has been recently standardized and has concepts similar

to NC and RC. The sound level measurements for NCB should be taken in an occupied

room. The RC and NCB ratings include procedures for checking different factors such as

the rumble compliance (excessive noise at frequencies below 500 Hz) and the hiss

compliance (excessive noise at frequencies above 1000 Hz).

STC - Sound Transmission Class is a single number used to characterize the air-borne

isolation properties of a partition. The STC is determined from the measured

Transmission Loss (TL- sound loss through walls/barriers) of a partition at different

frequencies. These measured values are then compared with standardized STC

contours.

IIC - Impact Isolation Class is another single-number rating system for a solid-borne noise

(floor-ceiling structure). The higher the IIC rating, the more efficient the construction

will be in attenuating the impact sound within the frequency range of the IIC

Library Acoustics

The acoustic design of internal spaces has a major bearing on the successful operation of a

building. Consideration of privacy, intelligibility and all aspects of room acoustic design allow a

building to be used to its full potential. Libraries fall in the speech category and typically are

dead spaces (reverberation time is fairly low) and should fall in the range of 0.6 to 1.4. It is

important that the reverberation time in a library is low because it directly affects the articulation

loss (the ability to understand to speech). This occurs because it is able to keep each sound event

separate rather than running them together.


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FSU Ringling Conservation Center Library Acoustics:

There was not any documentation on the acoustics in The Florida State University Ringling

Conservation Center. This section will focus directly on the library area as it is an important

area for good acoustics. Twenty rooms were analyzed in all. These rooms and there volumes

and wall areas are listed in Table 4.1. The reverberation times in these rooms were calculated to

see if they fall below the recommended levels for the specific type of room. Also the sound

transmissions were calculated for rooms with critical sound transmission characteristics. The

calculations were done using the sound pressure levels of a normal speaking voice at 1 meter.

The rooms that were analyzed for sound transmission were all the offices, conference rooms and

study rooms.

Table 4.1 Acoustically Analyzed Rooms

Room Volume

(Ft3) Exterior wall

Area (Ft2) Interior Wall Area (Ft2)

Floor/Ceiling Area (Ft2)

Window Area (Ft2)

1000 Periodicals 4090 190 625 409 0 1005 Periodicals 4090 190 625 409 0 1010 Library 51660 960 2100 5166 0 1025 Office 2180 0 600 218 0 1030 Conference 2180 0 600 218 0 1035 Conference 1390 0 480 139 0 1040 Study Rm 1390 0 480 139 0 1045 Study Rm 1450 0 520 145 0 1060 Corridor 1580 0 720 158 0 1085 Lobby 8350 130 1410 835 0 1185 Library 21160 840 2100 2116 1260 2005 Periodicals 7000 120 1280 700 0 2010 Library 8510 600 600 851 0 2015 Library 5060 205 665 506 0 2020 Library 22140 600 1285 2214 0 2030 Conf 1980 0 580 198 0 2041 Office 700 0 470 70 0 2045 Multi-purpose 2500 125 920 250 0 2050 Library 12050 50 1340 1205 0 2080 Conf 2230 78 450 223 72 2085 Sitting 3420 0 760 342 0


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The main room of concern in this list is 1185 Library. This room has a very large volume. It is a

two story room. From the rendering in Figure 4.5 you can see that there are books in this room

that will help keep the reverberation time down but half of this room is study tables which will

not. Also the floor in this room is terrazzo which is a reflecting material instead of an absorbing

material.

Figure 4.5 1185 Library

FSU Ringling Conservation Center Library Acoustics Conclusions:

All calculations can be seen in Appendix D for this section.

Reverberation Times

All of the reverberation times are expectable except for 1185 Library and 2080 Conference

where the reverberation times are too high in certain octave bands. Some of the other rooms have

too low of reverberation times. This results in poor speech intelligibility. Since it is a library,

and little talking will be done unless at a close range, low speech intelligibility is expectable. The


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reverberation time in 1185 Library at 500 Hz and 1000 Hz is over 2 seconds. If this room was

empty a person talking in this room would bounce off the walls and be reflected back to a listen

for over 2 seconds. This is not good in a library, especially when there is a large potential for

someone to drop a book. However, the reverberation time in this room will probably in

actuality less than 2 seconds. This is because the presence of books in the room was not

accounted for. The reverberation times in this space will most likely still be too high though. In

2080 Conference the reverberation time in the 250 and 500 octave bands is over 1.0 seconds.

This is to high for a conference room where speech intelligibility is necessary. It is

recommended to add acoustical panels or acoustical clouds to these rooms. In 1185 Library if

the reverberation time can be reduced with these panels down to around 1.4 seconds then with

the addition of the books damping the sound the acoustics in this room will be much approved.

In 2080 Conference the reverberation times in the 250 and 500 Hz octave bands needs to be

reduced below 1.0 seconds. Pictures of these suggested panels can be seen in Figures 4.6 and

4.7. Cost data for these panels and clouds can be seen in Appendix C. These panels were

selected from Acoustical Services, Inc. The sound absorption qualities of these materials can also

be seen in Appendix C. The selected option is to use the Echo Eliminator, an acoustical panel,

because it is the cheapest solution as well as the material is made from recycled cotton therefore

it is considered a green material. The panels come in a Blue (Jean Material) or White, Light

Gray, and Charcoal. The price of the blue panels is cheaper ($1.75/ft2) because they are covered

with jean material and do not need to be died another color. To achieve proper reverberation

times in 1185 Library 40 of these panels are needed and would cost $560 in blue and $688 in any

other color ($2.15/ft2). To achieve proper reverberation times in 2080 Conference 3 panels are

needed and would cost $42.00 in blue and $51.60 in any other color.


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Figure 4.6 Acoustical Clouds

Figure 4.7 Echo Eliminator

Sound Transmission

The sound transmissions that were calculated turned out all to be satisfactory. The sound

pressure levels in the receiving room were compared to the RC rating sound pressure levels for

that the receiver room minus 5dB. This is because the RC rating distinguishes the amount of

sound that is expectable in that type of room. If the received levels are below the RC level minus

5 dB they are expectable. Therefore all of the rooms are considered expectable as designed.


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5-Lighting

Background

General

Thomas Edison invented the incandescent lamp in 1879 transforming the way we live and work.

However artificial lighting has its risks as well as its benefits. Over the years many different

types of lamps have been developed:

• Incandescent Lamps – Least expensive, most costly to operate, used for residential

lighting.

• Fluorescent Lamps – Used mainly in commercial buildings, 3 to 4 times as efficient as

incandescent lamps, last about 10 times as long as incandescent lamps, need ballasts to

operate, should be used in places they will be on for a long time

o Compact Fluorescent Lamps - combine the efficiency of fluorescent lighting

with the convenience and popularity of incandescent fixtures, replace

incandescent approximately three to four times their wattage, more attractive

color temperature for residential use than before, cost more than incandescent but

they last a lot longer

• High Intensity Discharge – Longest lasting lamp, outdoor light

• Low Pressure Sodium – Used where color rendering is not important, such as parking

lots, very efficient

When selecting a lamp the two characteristics that are looked at most are the CRI (color

rendering index) and the color temperature. The CRI is a numerical system that rates the "color

rendering" ability of fluorescent light in comparison with natural daylight, which has a CRI of

100. This means that a lamp with a CRI of 91 shows colors more naturally than a lamp with a

CRI of 62. Most standard "cool white" fluorescent bulbs range 60 to 75 CRI. The color

temperature is expressed in degrees Kelvin (K). Noon time daylight is about 5500 degrees

Kelvin. Fluorescent lamps with lower color temperatures look red; fluorescents with higher color

temperatures look blue.


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Daylighting

Daylighting is becoming more and more popular these days. Daylighting is using natural light

for interior lighting. Using natural light makes people more productive, happier and healthier in

a building. Using daylighting can suppress melatonin levels in the body. Melatonin is the

hormone that makes humans tired. Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland, a pea-size

structure at the center of the brain, as our eyes register the fall of darkness. At night melatonin is

produced to help our bodies regulate our sleep-wake cycles. Daylight can actually help you stay

awake. Four cells in the human retina capture light and form the visual system. One type, rod

cells, regulates night vision. The other three types, called cone cells, control color vision. It's

known that exposure to light at night can disrupt the body's production of melatonin, which is

produced by the pineal gland in the brain and plays a vital role in resetting the body's daily

biological clock. According to Several very recent studies, most notably research from a team

headed by Dr. George Brainard at Thomas Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, have

identified the specific wavelengths of blue light, 446-477 nm that are crucial in suppressing

melatonin production in humans.

Daylighting would be a nice feature to add to any building. Unfortunately in Florida adding

windows to any part of the building especially the south side can increase the thermal load on the

building immensely. Also, the sun produces 7,000 to 10,000 foot candles. Only about 50 foot

candles are needed in an office setting. Having too much sunlight in a room produces dark areas

and/or glare. Regions with lots of sun are not the best application for daylighting.

Although daylighting using natural light is not the best idea in southern areas with lots of sun

daylight features are still needed. Lamps have been developed that better mimic daylight levels

but are controlled as too not add too much glare. Full spectrum lamps, as they are called, are

good for areas where natural light is not possible or would cause too many problems. Natural

Full Spectrum Fluorescent lights have the proven capability to blend with natural light from

windows and skylights and reveal detail and colors accurately. They can also help improve the

performance and productivity of people by suppressing melatonin production.


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Proposal for this Building

The proposal for The Florida State University Ringling Conservation Center is to use full

spectrum bulbs in the classroom areas. Using them in classrooms where learning will occur is

one of the best applications for natural light. Also, the high CRI of a full spectrum lamp will

allow for better color distinction in the classrooms. Secondly, using direct/indirect fixtures in

this room will assessed. Using these fixtures will help eliminate glare and the harshness of the

2’x 2’ fluorescent lamps that currently in the room.

Current Lighting Layout

Figure 5.1 Classroom Lighting Design

The currently lighting layout uses 2’x 2’ two lamp, parabolic louvered, lay-in fluorescent

fixtures. In Figure 5.1 this fixtures are designated by FR5. The solid circles on the plan show


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the location of the sprinkler heads (not to be confused with downlights). The room contains

three way switching with four different alternatives of light configurations.

New Lighting Design

Figure 5.2 New Lighting Layout

This design would use a direct/indirect fixture and full spectrum fluorescent T8 lamps and

incandescent downlights in the front of the room. The specification sheets for both the fixtures

and lamps can be seen in Appendix D. The fluorescent lamps have a CRI of 85 and a color

temperature of 5000K. The lamp was selected because of these characteristics. Most daylight

bulbs are 6500K which leads to very blue light, which can be uncomfortable. Using a 5000K

bulb lowers the CRI slightly, although 85 is a very high CRI still. The full spectrum lamp at

5000K still produces enough blue light to reduce melatonin levels while reducing the harshness

of the brightness associated with the 6500K lamp. The direct/indirect lamps are tandem wired to

allow for more diversity in the light levels in the room. Incandescent downlights were added to

the front of the room because they provide better color rendering than fluorescents. They will

provide an area for viewing artwork while the fluorescent direct/indirect will provide a good area


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for actually making artwork. Since both fluorescents and incandescent were used in the design

of the building the power options for both types of lamps is available. ASHRAE Standard 90.1-

2004 states that a classroom must be under 1.4 W/ft^2. With this new design the room is

approximately 1.37 W/ft^2. Very rarely will all these lamps be on.

Conclusions

Scientists at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia and the University of Connecticut have

done many studies using 5000K natural lamps. In some cases people have liked the light color

they produce. In most cases, though, people have complained that they are still too bright (i.e.

they are too blue). Therefore it is recommended to use the same layout as given in the section

above but to use 4100K lamps (seen in Appendix D) with a CRI of 85. The incandescent lamps

will still be good for viewing artwork in the front of the room and should still be used.


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6-Conclusions and Recommendations

Although, one always wants there results to come out as predicted it does not always happen that

way. It is recommended to use Enthalpy Wheels on this project to reduce the cooling cool load

as well as the peak kilowatt demand. The payback period on this investment is fairly high if you

only consider the kilowatt hour charges. Kilowatt demand will also be saved and will help make

this payback period more reasonable.

It is not recommended to use thermal storage on this project. The payback period is just too

high. This is due to the large first cost associated with the system. Thermal storage also uses

more energy overall in the long run, hurting the environment more. It is recommended to use 2—

350 ton chillers and 1—300 ton chiller instead of the 2—650 ton chillers. This will allow for an

initial first cost savings as well as an overall efficiency increase of the system. With this

increase in efficiency will come a reduction in operation costs.

Acoustically it is recommended to add “Echo Eliminator” panels to the walls in 1185 Library

and 2080 Conference. 1185 Library will greatly benefit from these panels being added. The

reverberation time will come down to an expectable level allowing for a comfortable working

environment. In 2080 Conference adding these panels will increase the speech intelligibility in

the room by reducing the echo in the room. Overall the cost for these panels is minuscule in

comparison to the overall project cost.

It is recommended to use direct/indirect lighting in the classrooms for less glaring light. This

will allow for a better art working environment. It is recommended to use the 4100K lamp over

the 5000K (natural Light) lamp. Both lamps have around the same CRI but the 5000K lamp

appears much bluer and may cause glare and may cause people to be uncomfortable from its

brightness. It is also recommended to add the incandescent downlights to help in art instruction,

as incandescent allow you to better view color and therefore artwork.


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Work Cited

American Society of Heating Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (1999). Standard 90.1-1999: Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings. American Society of Heating Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (2001). ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals. American Society of Heating Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (2001). Standard 62-2001: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.

American Society of Heating Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (2003). ASHRAE Handbook: Applications. ASHRAE 1998 Winter Meeting, Forum 7, "Impact of Electric Utility Deregulation on Thermal Energy Storage." http//www.ashrae.org. American Society of Heating Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (2004). Thermal

Storage. http//www.ashrae.org

“Architectural Acoustics and Lighting”. Room Acoustics. http://home.tir.com/~ms/index.html.

“Concert Hall Acoustics”.(2004) History.

http://www.concerthalls.unomaha.edu/foundations/history.htm

“Bry Air”. Heat Recovery Wheels. http://www.bryair.com.my/heat-r-w.htm

“Calmac Manufacturing Company”. (2005) ICE BANK. http://www.calmac.com

“Calmac Manufacturing Company”. Thermal Storage and Deregulation. Brian Silvetti, PE, and Mark MacCracken, PE. http://www.pwi-energy.com/main/whitepapers/tsdereg.htm

“Daylighting”.(2004) Appleton, Wisconsin Case Study.

http://www.daylighting.org/pubs/appleton_case_study.pdf

Dorgan, Charles E., Elleson, James S. (1993). Design Guide for Cool Thermal Storage.


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American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.

“Echo Eliminator”. Acoustical Solutions, Inc. (2004) http://www.acousticalsolutions.com Enterprise Corporation. Enthalpy Wheels. http://www.emprise-usa.com/Enthalpy.htm

“Faculty of Applied Science”. Enthalpy Wheels.

http://appsci.queensu.ca/ilc/livebuilding/heating/enthalpy.php

Florida Power and Light (2004). Rate Structures. http//www.fpl.com

Lindeburg, Michael R. Engineering Economic Analysis: An Introduction. Belmont, CA: Professional Publications, Inc., 2001.

Mossmann, M. J. (2005). RS Means Mechanical Cost Data. Kingston, MA: RS Means Construction Publishers and Consultants.

“Novel Aire Technologies”. (2005) Heat Mass and Transfer Products. http//www.novelaire.com.

Egan, D.M. (1988). Architectural Acoustics. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. “York International”. York International Corp. (2004) http://www.york.com.

Programs: Carrier Hourly Analysis Program Version 4.2 Bin Maker Plus


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Figures and Tables:

Figures Page

Figure 1.1 Structural System 4

Figure 3.1 Energy Usage In the United States 12

Figure 3.1-1 Desiccant Dehumidification 19

Figure 3.1-2 Active Desiccant Dehumidification 20

Figure 3.1-3 Basic Air Desiccation Process 20

Figure 3.1-4 Active Desiccant System for Redesign 22

Figure 3.1-5 Novel Aire Desiccant Wheel Simulation Program 23

Figure 3.1-6 Novel Aire Enthalpy Wheel Simulation Program 24

Figure 3.1-7 Enthalpy Wheel 26

Figure 3.1-8 Enthalpy Wheel Desiccants 28

Figure 3.1-9 Novel Aire Enthalpy Wheel Simulation Program AHU 1-1 30

Figure 3.2-1 Full Storage Vs. Partial Storage 37

Figure 3.2-2 Volume Needed Per Ton-hour 38

Figure 3.2-3 Peak Day Storage—Partial Storage 43

Figure 3.2-4 Thermal Storage Design Guide—Melt Ice-on Coil System 44

Figure 3.2-5 Summary of On-Peak/Off-Peak Hours 45

Figure 3.2-7 Chiller Configuration 50

Figure 3.2-8 Design Day Storage—Load Leveling 51

Figure 4.1 Human Hearing 61

Figure 4.2 Speech Levels 62

Figure 4.3 Transmission Paths 64

Figure 4.4 Transmission Paths—Partition 64

Figure 4.5 1185 Library 67

Figure 4.6 Acoustical Clouds 69

Figure 4.7 Echo Eliminator 69


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Page

Figure 5.1 Classroom Lighting Design 72

Figure 5.2 New Lighting Layout 73

Tables

Table 1 Cooling Loads 7

Table 2 Heating Loads 8

Table 3.1-1 General AHU Information and Enthalpy Wheel Selections 31

Table 3.1-2 Total Outdoor Air Load 31

Table 3.1-3 Latent Savings 32

Table 3.1-4 Sensible Savings 32

Table 3.1-5 Humidifier Load 33

Table 3.1-6 Heating Load 33

Table 3.1-7 Total Cost Savings 34

Table 3.1-8 Enthalpy Wheel First Cost 35

Table 3.2-1 Summary of Rate Charges Florida Power and Light 45

Table 3.2-2 Totals Partial Storage Savings 45

Table 3.2-3 On-Peak kW Demand Charge Partial Storage 46

Table 3.2-4 On-Peak kW Demand Partial Storage 47

Table 3.2-5 Off-Peak kWh Charge Partial Storage 47

Table 3.2-6 On-Peak kWh Charge Partial Storage 48

Table 3.2-7 Off-Peak kwh Partial Storage 48

Table 3.2-8 On-Peak kwh Partial Storage 49

Table 3.2-9 Summary of kwh Usage Partial Storage 49

Table 3.2-10 Thermal Storage First Cost Partial Storage 50

Table 3.2-11 Original System First Cost Partial Storage 50

Table 3.2-12 Totals Load Leveling Savings 52


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Page

Table 3.2-13 On-Peak kW Demand Charge Load Leveling 53

Table 3.2-14 On-Peak kW Demand Load Leveling 53

Table 3.2-15 On-Peak kWh Charge Load Leveling 54

Table 3.2- 16 Off-Peak kWh Charge Load Leveling 55

Table 3.2-17 On-Peak kwh Load Leveling 55

Table 3.2-18 Off-Peak kwh Load Leveling 56

Table 3.2-19 Summary of kwh Usage Load Leveling 56

Table 3.2-20 Thermal Storage First Cost Load Leveling 56

Table 3.2-21 Original System First Cost Load Leveling 56

Table 3.2-22 Original Design First Cost 57

Table 3.2-23 New Chiller Configuration 58

Table 3.2-24 Operation Cost Saving New Chiller Configuration 59

Table 4.1 Acoustically Analyzed Rooms 66


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Appendix AEnergy Recovery Wheels

Sample Calculations Example—AHU 1-1 Art Storage (Bin—147.5 Gr/lb, 85 dB see Appendix A pg. 3)

Outdoor Air Load without Energy Recovery Wheel

BtuhrFFcfmhrTTscfmQ SAOAs 153,472*)4885(*590*08.1*)(**08.1 =−=−=

BtuhrlbgrlbgrcfmhrWWscfmQ SAOAL 863,872*)/38/5.147(*590*68.0*)(**68.0 =−=−= Outdoor Air Load with Energy Recovery Wheel

BtuhrFFcfmhrTTscfmQ SAAfterEWs 449,802*)481.111(*590*08.1*)(**08.1 =−=−=

Btu

hrlbgrlbgrcfmhrWWscfmQ SAAfterEWL

631,29

2*)/38/9.74(*590*68.0*)(**68.0

=

−=−=

Outdoor Air Load Savings

296,33449,80153,47 −=−=sQ

232,58631,29863,87 =−=LQ Total Sensible Load on Spreadsheet The total sensible load on the cooling coil without the recovery wheel is the sum of the column

without the heating hours (the bins at which the sensible load is negative). The total sensible load

with the recovery wheel in the spread sheets that follow is not the sum of the column. It is the sum

of the sensible load with the enthalpy only when the enthalpy wheel is running and the load without

the enthalpy wheel when the wheel is off until you hit the heating. The sum only contains the

amount of cooling the system needs to do. Heating is assessed in a separate column.


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Total Latent Load on Spreadsheet The total latent load on the cooling coil without the recovery wheel is the sum of the column without

the humidifying hours (the bins at which the latent load is negative). The total latent load with the

recovery wheel is not the sum of the column. It is the sum of the latent load with the enthalpy wheel

while the wheel is running plus the latent load without the enthalpy wheel while the wheel is off.

Humidifying is assessed in another column.

Heating Load

BtuhrFFcfmhrTTscfmQ OASAs .906,44198*)5.4748(*420*08.1*)(**08.1 =−=−=

Humidifying Load

BtuhrlbgrlbgrcfmhrWWscfmQ OASAL

762,593198*)/5.27/38(*420*68.0*)(**68.0

=−=−=

Note: Energy Recovery Wheels can heat and humidify but the amount needed depends on the mixed air conditions that occur when the outdoor air mixes with the return air. Also, in some bins the Energy Recovery Wheel can not take the full heating or humidifying load.

Linda LewisMechanical Option Senior Thesis ReportSpring 2005


Desiccant Wheels

AHU1-1 990 cfm SA Constant Volume EW - Novel Aire - ECW 244 24 inches590 cfm OA (470 exhaust) SA: 38 gr/lb, 48 DB 3.14 Ft^2

Electric Heat 285 FSept-August Occupied Mon-Sunday All

midpts Gr/Lb DB

Total Hrs

OA cfm

Face Velocity

DW Sensible Eff

DW Latent Eff

DW Leaving

DB

DW Leaving

Gr/lbEW Sensible

Eff

EW Latent

Eff

EW Leaving

DB

EW Leaving

Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu

Sensible OA Load w/

DW/EW Btu

Latent OA Load w/

DW/EW Btu

Sensible OA Load

Savings Btu

Latent OA Load

Savings Btu

Total Savings

Btu

System On/Off Mod

147.5 85 2 590 187.90 29.2 66.5 143.4 88.3 45.2 44.9 111.1 74.9 47,153 87,863 80,449 29,631 -33,297 58,232 24,935 ON142.5 84.1 13 580 184.71 29.2 66.5 142.8 86.6 45.2 44.9 110.8 74.0 293,970 535,792 511,214 184,606 -217,244 351,187 133,942 ON137.5 84.6 85 550 175.16 29.2 66.5 143.1 85.0 45.2 44.9 111.0 73.1 1,847,934 3,163,105 3,179,457 1,115,264 -1,331,523 2,047,841 716,319 ON132.5 84.5 261 530 168.79 29.2 66.5 143.0 83.3 45.2 44.9 110.9 72.2 5,452,969 8,889,086 9,401,995 3,213,173 -3,949,026 5,675,913 1,726,887 ON127.5 82.9 407 520 165.61 29.2 66.5 141.9 81.6 45.2 44.9 110.3 71.2 7,977,135 12,880,410 14,242,828 4,783,218 -6,265,693 8,097,192 1,831,499 ON122.5 81.2 561 485 154.46 29.2 66.5 140.7 79.9 45.2 44.9 109.7 70.3 9,755,880 15,634,004 18,116,804 5,978,562 -8,360,924 9,655,443 1,294,518 ON117.5 79.8 730 475 151.27 29.2 66.5 139.7 78.3 45.2 44.9 109.1 69.4 11,908,782 18,745,305 22,884,965 7,401,570 -10,976,183 11,343,735 367,552 ON112.5 78.2 810 400 127.39 29.2 66.5 138.6 76.6 45.2 44.9 108.5 68.5 10,567,584 16,413,840 21,166,279 6,712,619 -10,598,695 9,701,221 -897,474 OFF107.5 76.7 490 450 143.31 29.2 66.5 137.5 74.9 45.2 44.9 107.9 67.5 6,834,618 10,420,830 14,266,237 4,429,927 -7,431,619 5,990,903 -1,440,716 OFF102.5 76.9 386 435 138.54 29.2 66.5 137.7 73.2 45.2 44.9 108.0 66.6 5,240,807 7,364,533 10,877,763 3,267,996 -5,636,956 4,096,537 -1,540,419 OFF97.5 75.3 514 415 132.17 29.2 66.5 136.5 71.6 45.2 44.9 107.4 65.7 6,289,232 8,630,523 13,675,913 4,017,735 -7,386,681 4,612,787 -2,773,894 OFF92.5 73.9 324 425 135.35 29.2 66.5 135.5 69.9 45.2 44.9 106.8 64.8 3,851,744 5,103,162 8,747,561 2,507,187 -4,895,817 2,595,975 -2,299,842 OFF87.5 72.1 515 460 146.50 29.2 66.5 134.3 68.2 45.2 44.9 106.1 63.9 6,166,033 7,974,054 14,870,683 4,164,706 -8,704,650 3,809,348 -4,895,301 OFF82.5 70.2 505 425 135.35 29.2 66.5 132.9 66.5 45.2 44.9 105.4 62.9 5,145,849 6,494,553 13,301,565 3,638,415 -8,155,716 2,856,138 -5,299,578 OFF77.5 68.9 396 460 146.50 29.2 66.5 132.0 64.9 45.2 44.9 104.9 62.0 4,111,716 4,892,818 11,190,291 2,973,733 -7,078,576 1,919,085 -5,159,490 OFF72.5 69.1 343 440 140.13 29.2 66.5 132.1 63.2 45.2 44.9 105.0 61.1 3,439,165 3,540,583 9,283,831 2,369,029 -5,844,666 1,171,554 -4,673,112 OFF67.5 66.9 282 425 135.35 29.2 66.5 130.6 61.5 45.2 44.9 104.1 60.2 2,446,378 2,404,191 7,262,079 1,806,099 -4,815,701 598,092 -4,217,608 OFF62.5 64.9 346 430 136.94 29.2 66.5 129.2 59.8 45.2 44.9 103.3 59.2 2,715,533 2,478,675 8,890,352 2,148,691 -6,174,819 329,983 -5,844,836 OFF57.5 63.8 309 440 140.13 29.2 66.5 128.4 58.2 45.2 44.9 102.9 58.3 2,320,021 1,802,830 8,061,625 1,878,217 -5,741,604 -75,387 -5,816,991 OFF52.5 61.2 287 450 143.31 29.2 66.5 126.5 56.5 45.2 44.9 101.9 57.4 1,841,162 1,273,419 7,517,129 1,703,087 -5,675,966 -429,668 -6,105,635 OFF47.5 58.9 296 450 143.31 29.2 66.5 124.9 54.8 45.2 44.9 101.0 56.5 1,568,030 860,472 7,624,486 1,672,899 -6,056,455 -812,427 -6,868,883 OFF42.5 55.3 201 460 146.50 29.2 66.5 122.4 53.1 45.2 44.9 99.6 55.5 728,955 282,928 5,153,018 1,103,206 -4,424,063 -820,279 -5,244,342 OFF37.5 51.7 166 425 135.35 29.2 66.5 119.8 51.5 45.2 44.9 98.2 54.6 281,918 -23,987 3,825,498 797,506 -3,543,580 -821,493 -4,365,073 OFF32.5 50.4 144 400 127.39 29.2 66.5 118.9 49.8 45.2 44.9 97.7 53.7 149,299 -215,424 3,091,921 614,969 -2,942,622 -830,393 -3,773,015 OFF27.5 47.5 198 420 133.76 29.2 66.5 116.9 48.1 45.2 44.9 96.6 52.8 -44,906 -593,762 4,362,908 835,671 -4,407,815 -1,429,433 -5,837,248 OFF22.5 46.5 106 430 136.94 29.2 66.5 116.1 46.4 45.2 44.9 96.2 51.9 -73,840 -480,413 2,372,211 429,426 -2,446,051 -909,839 -3,355,890 OFF17.5 44.3 65 425 135.35 29.2 66.5 114.6 44.8 45.2 44.9 95.3 50.9 -110,390 -385,093 1,412,277 242,928 -1,522,667 -628,020 -2,150,687 OFF12.5 46.5 18 430 136.94 29.2 66.5 116.1 43.1 45.2 44.9 96.2 50.0 -12,539 -134,212 402,828 63,206 -415,367 -197,418 -612,785 OFF

100,981,866 139,872,974 132,115,756 102,643,431 -31,133,890 37,229,543 6,095,653

Wheel Diameter: Wheel Area:

- 3 -Florida State University Ringling Conservation Center

Sarasota, FL



Desiccant Wheels

990 cfm SA Constant Volume EW - Novel Aire - ECW 244 24 inches590 cfm OA (470 exhaust) SA: 38 gr/lb, 48 DB 3.14 Ft^2

Electric Heat 320F

DB Total HrsOA cfm

Face Velocity

DW Sensible Eff

DW Latent Eff

DW Leaving

DB

DW Leaving

Gr/lbEW Sensible

Eff

EW Latent

EffLeaving

DBLeaving

Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu

Sensible OA Load w/

DW/EW Btu

Latent OA Load w/

DW/EW Btu

Sensible OA Load

Savings Btu

Latent OA Load

Savings Btu

Total Savings

Btu

System On/Off Mod

85 2 590 187.90 1.82 0.79 154.70 76.00 66.0 64.0 100.1 64.8 47,153 87,863 66,419 21,504 -19,266 66,358 47,092 ON84.1 13 580 184.71 1.82 0.79 153.06 76.14 66.0 64.0 99.6 64.9 293,970 535,792 419,872 137,667 -125,903 398,125 272,222 ON84.6 85 550 175.16 1.82 0.79 153.97 75.09 66.0 64.0 99.9 64.5 1,847,934 3,163,105 2,618,941 841,558 -771,007 2,321,547 1,550,541 ON84.5 261 530 168.79 1.82 0.79 153.79 74.04 66.0 64.0 99.8 64.1 5,452,969 8,889,086 7,740,018 2,454,554 -2,287,050 6,434,532 4,147,482 ON82.9 407 520 165.61 1.82 0.79 150.88 72.99 66.0 64.0 98.8 63.7 7,977,135 12,880,410 11,615,650 3,700,981 -3,638,515 9,179,430 5,540,914 ON81.2 561 485 154.46 1.82 0.79 147.78 71.94 66.0 64.0 97.8 63.3 9,755,880 15,634,004 14,623,993 4,688,055 -4,868,113 10,945,949 6,077,836 ON79.8 730 475 151.27 1.82 0.79 145.24 70.89 66.0 64.0 96.9 63.0 11,908,782 18,745,305 18,312,651 5,885,413 -6,403,869 12,859,892 6,456,023 ON78.2 810 400 127.39 1.82 0.79 142.32 69.84 66.0 64.0 95.9 62.6 10,567,584 16,413,840 16,764,723 5,415,994 -6,197,139 10,997,846 4,800,706 OFF76.7 490 450 143.31 1.82 0.79 139.59 68.79 66.0 64.0 95.0 62.2 6,834,618 10,420,830 11,188,284 3,629,208 -4,353,666 6,791,622 2,437,956 OFF76.9 386 435 138.54 1.82 0.79 139.96 67.74 66.0 64.0 95.1 61.8 5,240,807 7,364,533 8,542,283 2,720,470 -3,301,476 4,644,063 1,342,587 OFF75.3 514 415 132.17 1.82 0.79 137.05 66.69 66.0 64.0 94.1 61.4 6,289,232 8,630,523 10,623,881 3,401,209 -4,334,649 5,229,313 894,664 OFF73.9 324 425 135.35 1.82 0.79 134.50 65.64 66.0 64.0 93.2 61.1 3,851,744 5,103,162 6,729,298 2,160,220 -2,877,553 2,942,942 65,389 OFF72.1 515 460 146.50 1.82 0.79 131.22 64.59 66.0 64.0 92.1 60.7 6,166,033 7,974,054 11,292,151 3,655,564 -5,126,118 4,318,490 -807,628 OFF70.2 505 425 135.35 1.82 0.79 127.76 63.54 66.0 64.0 91.0 60.3 5,145,849 6,494,553 9,957,858 3,256,675 -4,812,009 3,237,877 -1,574,131 OFF68.9 396 460 146.50 1.82 0.79 125.40 62.49 66.0 64.0 90.2 59.9 4,111,716 4,892,818 8,293,334 2,717,236 -4,181,619 2,175,582 -2,006,037 OFF69.1 343 440 140.13 1.82 0.79 125.76 61.44 66.0 64.0 90.3 59.6 3,439,165 3,540,583 6,891,219 2,212,444 -3,452,054 1,328,139 -2,123,915 OFF66.9 282 425 135.35 1.82 0.79 121.76 60.39 66.0 64.0 88.9 59.2 2,446,378 2,404,191 5,296,308 1,726,160 -2,849,930 678,031 -2,171,899 OFF64.9 346 430 136.94 1.82 0.79 118.12 59.34 66.0 64.0 87.7 58.8 2,715,533 2,478,675 6,375,897 2,104,587 -3,660,364 374,088 -3,286,277 OFF63.8 309 440 140.13 1.82 0.79 116.12 58.29 66.0 64.0 87.0 58.4 2,320,021 1,802,830 5,726,553 1,888,293 -3,406,532 -85,463 -3,491,995 OFF61.2 287 450 143.31 1.82 0.79 111.38 57.24 66.0 64.0 85.4 58.0 1,841,162 1,273,419 5,215,310 1,760,515 -3,374,148 -487,096 -3,861,244 OFF58.9 296 450 143.31 1.82 0.79 107.20 56.19 66.0 64.0 84.0 57.7 1,568,030 860,472 5,174,115 1,781,485 -3,606,084 -921,013 -4,527,097 OFF55.3 201 460 146.50 1.82 0.79 100.65 55.14 66.0 64.0 81.7 57.3 728,955 282,928 3,369,132 1,212,841 -2,640,178 -929,914 -3,570,092 OFF51.7 166 425 135.35 1.82 0.79 94.09 54.09 66.0 64.0 79.5 56.9 281,918 -23,987 2,401,022 907,303 -2,119,104 -931,290 -3,050,395 OFF50.4 144 400 127.39 1.82 0.79 91.73 53.04 66.0 64.0 78.7 56.5 149,299 -215,424 1,910,253 725,955 -1,760,954 -941,379 -2,702,334 OFF47.5 198 420 133.76 1.82 0.79 86.45 51.99 66.0 64.0 76.9 56.2 -44,906 -593,762 2,596,757 1,026,723 -2,641,664 -1,620,485 -4,262,149 OFF46.5 106 430 136.94 1.82 0.79 84.63 50.94 66.0 64.0 76.3 55.8 -73,840 -480,413 1,392,822 551,031 -1,466,661 -1,031,444 -2,498,105 OFF44.3 65 425 135.35 1.82 0.79 80.63 49.89 66.0 64.0 74.9 55.4 -110,390 -385,093 803,541 326,867 -913,931 -711,959 -1,625,890 OFF46.5 18 430 136.94 1.82 0.79 84.63 48.84 66.0 64.0 76.3 55.0 -12,539 -134,212 236,517 89,592 -249,056 -223,804 -472,860 OFF

100,981,866 139,872,974 119,095,589 97,667,140 -18,113,723 42,205,834 24,092,111



Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels

AHU2-2 10000 cfm SA Variable Air Volume 72 inches7600 cfm OA (4500 exhaust) 28.3 Ft^2

Sept-August Occupied Mon-Friday 7am-5pm

midpts Gr/Lb DB

Total Hrs

OA cfm

Sensible Eff

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu

Sensible OA Load with EW

Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu

Sensible OA Load

Savings Btu

Latent OA Load

Savings Btu

Total Savings

Btu

EW On/Off Mod

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

Sensible Load

Savings Btu

Humidifier Savings

Btu

EW % Savings Sensible

EW % Savings Latent

Humidifier Load Btu

Heating Load Btu

147.5 85 2 7500 65.0 63.0 76.6 91.4 599,400 1,116,900 462,510 544,986 136,890 571,914 708,804 ON 22.8 51.2142.5 84.1 7 7400 65.0 63.0 76.2 89.6 2,019,578 3,680,908 1,579,579 1,816,854 440,000 1,864,054 2,304,054 ON 21.8 50.6137.5 85.1 37 6000 65.0 63.0 76.6 87.7 8,895,096 15,020,520 6,853,540 7,507,241 2,041,556 7,513,279 9,554,836 ON 23.0 50.0132.5 85.2 112 6500 65.0 63.0 76.6 85.9 29,248,128 46,781,280 22,502,189 23,702,515 6,745,939 23,078,765 29,824,704 ON 23.1 49.3127.5 85.3 159 5500 65.0 63.0 76.7 84.0 35,228,358 53,222,070 27,063,501 27,372,200 8,164,857 25,849,870 34,014,727 ON 23.2 48.6122.5 83.9 198 4500 65.0 63.0 76.2 82.2 34,545,852 51,196,860 27,102,616 26,767,778 7,443,236 24,429,082 31,872,317 ON 21.5 47.7117.5 82.6 239 5000 65.0 63.0 75.7 80.3 44,654,760 64,601,700 35,762,526 34,397,358 8,892,234 30,204,342 39,096,576 ON 19.9 46.8112.5 82 271 5300 65.0 63.0 75.5 78.5 52,740,936 72,762,958 42,658,110 39,536,168 10,082,826 33,226,790 43,309,616 ON 19.1 45.7107.5 80.6 179 5500 65.0 63.0 75.0 76.6 34,662,276 46,527,470 28,718,653 25,861,240 5,943,623 20,666,230 26,609,854 ON 17.1 44.4102.5 80.2 143 5000 65.0 63.0 74.9 74.8 24,864,840 31,359,900 20,749,014 17,882,436 4,115,826 13,477,464 17,593,290 ON 16.6 43.097.5 78.5 173 4500 65.0 63.0 74.3 72.9 25,643,790 31,498,110 22,091,495 18,491,243 3,552,296 13,006,867 16,559,162 ON 13.9 41.392.5 76.2 115 4200 65.0 63.0 73.5 71.1 14,710,248 17,899,980 13,286,171 10,864,795 1,424,077 7,035,185 8,459,262 ON 9.7 39.387.5 74.9 188 4200 65.0 63.0 73.0 69.2 22,939,459 26,577,936 21,331,992 16,768,261 1,607,468 9,809,675 11,417,142 ON 7.0 36.982.5 74.1 119 4300 65.0 63.0 72.7 67.4 14,423,800 15,484,042 13,669,451 10,222,947 754,348 5,261,095 6,015,443 ON 5.2 34.077.5 73.4 92 4300 65.0 63.0 72.5 65.5 10,852,099 10,625,816 10,463,304 7,405,790 388,796 3,220,026 3,608,821 ON 3.6 30.372.5 72.9 111 4200 65.0 63.0 72.3 63.7 12,537,050 10,937,052 12,242,505 8,140,971 294,545 2,796,081 3,090,626 OFF67.5 70.4 85 4500 65.0 63.0 71.4 61.8 9,253,440 7,672,950 9,683,064 6,198,183 -429,624 1,474,767 1,045,143 OFF62.5 69.7 98 4600 65.0 63.0 71.2 60.0 10,564,949 7,510,328 11,292,810 6,737,837 -727,862 772,491 44,629 OFF57.5 66.6 76 4500 65.0 63.0 70.1 58.1 6,870,096 4,534,920 8,166,550 4,681,433 -1,296,454 -146,513 -1,442,966 OFF52.5 65.7 94 4600 65.0 63.0 69.8 56.3 8,265,758 4,263,464 10,178,091 5,374,905 -1,912,332 -1,111,441 -3,023,773 OFF47.5 62.4 69 4230 65.0 63.0 68.6 54.4 4,539,162 1,885,480 6,506,133 3,260,888 -1,966,970 -1,375,408 -3,342,378 OFF42.5 60.3 45 4560 65.0 63.0 67.9 52.6 2,725,877 627,912 4,411,266 2,034,435 -1,685,390 -1,406,523 -3,091,913 OFF37.5 56.9 41 4325 65.0 63.0 66.7 50.7 1,704,448 -60,291 3,584,128 1,534,996 -1,879,680 -1,595,287 -3,474,967 OFF 60,29132.5 55.8 46 4500 65.0 63.0 66.3 48.9 1,743,768 -774,180 4,097,855 1,531,469 -2,354,087 -2,305,649 -4,659,736 OFF 774,18027.5 51.6 73 4600 65.0 63.0 64.9 47.0 1,305,590 -2,397,612 6,114,515 2,061,946 -4,808,925 -4,459,558 -9,268,483 MOD 2,397,61222.5 52 33 5000 65.0 63.0 65.0 45.2 712,800 -1,739,100 3,029,400 805,596 -2,316,600 -2,544,696 -4,861,296 MOD 1,739,10017.5 48 38 4000 65.0 63.0 63.6 43.3 0 -2,118,880 2,560,896 550,909 -2,560,896 -2,669,789 -5,230,685 MOD 48.0 17.5 0 0 4,971,183 012.5 47.1 17 5000 65.0 63.0 63.3 41.5 -82,620 -1,473,900 1,403,163 201,144 -1,485,783 -1,675,044 -3,160,827 MOD 48.0 14.2 82,620 99,705 9,942,365 82620

416,251,559 525,788,556 354,906,384 306,573,920 61,733,971 219,214,636 280,948,607 82,620 99,705 19,884,730 82620



Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels

990 cfm SA EW - Novel Aire - ECW 244 24 inches590 cfm OA 4 cfm purge 3.14 Ft^2

Sept-August-OccupiedMon-Sunday All

midpts Gr/Lb DB

Total Hrs

OA cfm

Sensible Eff %

Latent Eff %

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu

Sensible OA Load with

EW Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu

Sensible OA Load Savings

Btu

Latent OA Load

Savings Btu

Total Savings

BtuEW

On/Off ModLeaving

DBLeaving

Gr/lb

Sensible Load

Savings

Humidifier Savings

Btu


EW % Savings Latent

Humidifier Load Btu

Heating Load Btu

147.5 85 2 590 83.0 80.0 74.2 76.3 47,153 87,863 33,402 30,732 13,751 54,461 68,212 ON 29.2 62.0142.5 84.1 13 580 83.0 80.0 74.1 75.3 293,970 535,792 212,187 191,245 81,782 323,605 405,387 ON 27.8 60.4137.5 84.6 85 550 83.0 80.0 74.1 74.3 1,847,934 3,163,105 1,319,910 1,153,977 528,024 1,843,195 2,371,220 ON 28.6 58.3132.5 84.5 261 530 83.0 80.0 74.1 73.3 5,452,969 8,889,086 3,902,981 3,320,473 1,549,988 4,986,105 6,536,093 ON 28.4 56.1127.5 82.9 407 520 83.0 80.0 73.9 72.3 7,977,135 12,880,410 5,909,251 4,936,291 2,067,884 6,971,159 9,039,043 ON 25.9 54.1122.5 81.2 561 485 83.0 80.0 73.6 71.3 9,755,880 15,634,004 7,512,027 6,161,093 2,243,852 8,121,977 10,365,829 ON 23.0 52.0117.5 79.8 730 475 83.0 80.0 73.3 70.3 11,908,782 18,745,305 9,484,334 7,616,017 2,424,448 9,260,971 11,685,420 ON 20.4 49.4112.5 78.2 810 400 83.0 80.0 73.1 69.3 10,567,584 16,413,840 8,766,896 6,896,016 1,800,688 7,646,944 9,447,633 ON 17.0 46.6107.5 76.7 490 450 83.0 80.0 72.8 68.3 6,834,618 10,420,830 5,905,634 4,543,182 928,984 4,515,196 5,444,180 ON 13.6 43.3102.5 76.9 386 435 83.0 80.0 72.8 67.3 5,240,807 7,364,533 4,503,286 3,345,439 737,521 2,861,247 3,598,768 ON 14.1 38.997.5 75.3 514 415 83.0 80.0 72.6 66.3 6,289,232 8,630,523 5,658,235 4,104,938 630,997 2,972,287 3,603,284 ON 10.0 34.492.5 73.9 324 425 83.0 80.0 72.3 65.3 3,851,744 5,103,162 3,617,219 2,556,263 234,525 1,485,943 1,720,468 ON 6.1 29.187.5 72.1 515 460 83.0 80.0 72.0 64.3 6,166,033 7,974,054 6,144,797 4,236,720 21,236 1,829,257 1,850,492 ON 0.3 22.982.5 70.2 505 425 83.0 80.0 71.7 63.3 5,145,849 6,494,553 5,492,151 3,692,409 -346,302 1,002,402 656,100 ON -6.7 15.477.5 68.9 396 460 83.0 80.0 71.5 62.3 4,111,716 4,892,818 4,617,909 3,010,012 -506,193 274,909 -231,285 OFF72.5 69.1 343 440 83.0 80.0 71.5 61.3 3,439,165 3,540,583 3,831,491 2,391,176 -392,326 -290,907 -683,233 OFF67.5 66.9 282 425 83.0 80.0 71.1 60.3 2,446,378 2,404,191 2,994,289 1,817,405 -547,911 -590,098 -1,138,009 OFF62.5 64.9 346 430 83.0 80.0 70.8 59.3 2,715,533 2,478,675 3,662,434 2,154,930 -946,901 -1,183,759 -2,130,661 OFF57.5 63.8 309 440 83.0 80.0 70.6 58.3 2,320,021 1,802,830 3,319,393 1,876,792 -999,371 -1,516,563 -2,515,934 OFF52.5 61.2 287 450 83.0 80.0 70.2 57.3 1,841,162 1,273,419 3,091,479 1,694,965 -1,250,317 -1,818,060 -3,068,377 OFF47.5 58.9 296 450 83.0 80.0 69.8 56.3 1,568,030 860,472 3,132,177 1,657,541 -1,564,146 -2,271,705 -3,835,851 OFF42.5 55.3 201 460 83.0 80.0 69.2 55.3 728,955 282,928 2,113,070 1,087,699 -1,384,115 -1,830,142 -3,214,257 OFF37.5 51.7 166 425 83.0 80.0 68.5 54.3 281,918 -23,987 1,565,711 781,976 -1,283,793 -1,589,698 -2,873,490 OFF 23,98732.5 50.4 144 400 83.0 80.0 68.3 53.3 149,299 -215,424 1,264,564 599,270 -1,115,265 -1,479,988 -2,595,253 OFF 215,42427.5 47.5 198 420 83.0 80.0 67.8 52.3 -44,906 -593,762 1,781,437 808,648 -1,826,343 -2,375,199 -4,201,543 MOD 48.0 28.1 44,906 36,521 593,762 44,90622.5 46.5 106 430 83.0 80.0 67.7 51.3 -73,840 -480,413 968,037 412,226 -1,041,877 -1,448,450 -2,490,327 MOD 48.0 24.8 73,840 69,737 480,413 73,84017.5 44.3 65 425 83.0 80.0 67.3 50.3 -110,390 -385,093 575,547 231,056 -685,936 -960,639 -1,646,576 MOD 48.0 23.8 110,390 118,737 385,093 110,39012.5 46.5 18 430 83.0 80.0 67.7 49.3 -12,539 -134,212 164,384 59,474 -176,922 -298,595 -475,518 MOD 48.0 15.4 12,539 15,132 134,212 12,539

100,981,866 139,872,974 87,633,271 70,320,708 12,917,379 53,874,749 66,792,127 241,674 240,127 1,832,891 241,674


AHU1-1


Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels


Sept-April Occupied Mon-Friday 7am-7pm Sat. 9am-12pm

midpts Gr/Lb DB Total Hr

OA cfm

Sensible Eff

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu


EW Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu

OA Load Savings

Btu

Load Savings

Btu

Total Savings

BtuEW

On/Off ModLeaving

DBLeaving

Gr/lb

Sensible Load

Savings

Humidifier Savings

Btu


EW % Savings Latent

Humidifier Load Btu

Heating Load Btu

137.5 87.1 1 1540 79 77 76.8 79.8 65,031 104,196 47,819 43,721 17,212 60,476 77,688 ON 26.5 58.0132.5 83.7 17 1445 79 77 76.0 78.6 947,128 1,578,547 743,827 678,191 203,301 900,356 1,103,657 ON 21.5 57.0127.5 83.4 33 1335 79 77 76.0 77.5 1,684,311 2,681,187 1,330,986 1,181,819 353,325 1,499,368 1,852,692 ON 21.0 55.9122.5 82.0 59 1400 79 77 75.7 76.3 3,033,072 4,746,196 2,469,277 2,151,234 563,795 2,594,962 3,158,756 ON 18.6 54.7117.5 81.0 113 1325 79 77 75.5 75.2 5,336,199 8,094,134 4,441,981 3,782,353 894,218 4,311,781 5,205,998 ON 16.8 53.3112.5 80.5 141 1450 79 77 75.4 74.0 7,176,195 10,357,437 6,042,356 5,004,936 1,133,839 5,352,501 6,486,340 ON 15.8 51.7107.5 77.8 121 1500 79 77 74.8 72.9 5,841,396 8,577,690 5,252,944 4,301,187 588,452 4,276,503 4,864,955 ON 10.1 49.9102.5 77.9 118 1365 79 77 74.8 71.7 5,201,272 7,064,530 4,665,315 3,691,080 535,957 3,373,450 3,909,407 ON 10.3 47.897.5 76.7 161 1505 79 77 74.6 70.6 7,510,486 9,803,660 6,952,302 5,363,179 558,183 4,440,481 4,998,665 ON 7.4 45.392.5 75.8 116 1450 79 77 74.4 69.4 5,050,037 6,233,492 4,791,722 3,591,406 258,315 2,642,086 2,900,400 ON 5.1 42.487.5 74.0 199 1525 79 77 74.0 68.3 8,521,578 10,214,969 8,521,578 6,242,481 0 3,972,488 3,972,488 ON 0.0 38.982.5 72.3 131 1450 79 77 73.6 67.1 4,985,048 5,747,887 5,260,559 3,758,731 -275,511 1,989,156 1,713,645 ON -5.5 34.677.5 72.8 114 1350 79 77 73.7 66.0 4,122,058 4,133,754 4,279,627 2,925,023 -157,569 1,208,731 1,051,162 ON -3.8 29.272.5 72.1 132 1400 79 77 73.6 64.8 4,809,974 4,335,408 5,109,550 3,367,795 -299,576 967,613 668,037 ON -6.2 22.367.5 69.3 104 1500 79 77 73.0 63.7 3,588,624 3,129,360 4,214,190 2,720,952 -625,566 408,408 -217,158 OFF62.5 69.4 112 1425 79 77 73.0 62.5 3,688,675 2,658,936 4,315,061 2,658,936 -626,385 0 -626,385 OFF57.5 66.4 112 1505 79 77 72.4 61.4 3,349,624 2,235,106 4,442,621 2,676,396 -1,092,997 -441,290 -1,534,287 OFF52.5 65.6 109 1465 79 77 72.2 60.2 3,035,292 1,574,494 4,179,736 2,410,605 -1,144,443 -836,111 -1,980,554 OFF47.5 62.6 104 1435 79 77 71.6 59.1 2,353,216 964,090 3,804,796 2,136,221 -1,451,580 -1,172,131 -2,623,711 OFF42.5 60.0 61 1450 79 77 71.1 57.9 1,146,312 270,657 2,202,830 1,196,905 -1,056,518 -926,248 -1,982,766 OFF37.5 56.3 52 1425 79 77 70.3 56.8 664,232 -25,194 1,783,264 944,775 -1,119,032 -969,969 -2,089,001 OFF 25,19432.5 55.6 58 1480 79 77 70.1 55.6 704,575 -321,042 2,052,167 1,027,333 -1,347,592 -1,348,375 -2,695,967 OFF 321,04227.5 51.3 88 1355 79 77 69.2 54.5 424,971 -851,374 2,734,369 1,333,819 -2,309,397 -2,185,192 -4,494,590 OFF 851,37422.5 51.2 48 1385 79 77 69.2 53.3 229,755 -700,699 1,522,988 691,658 -1,293,233 -1,392,357 -2,685,590 OFF 700,69917.5 47.7 42 1305 79 77 68.5 52.2 -17,758 -764,051 1,212,132 527,382 -1,229,890 -1,291,433 -2,521,324 Mod 48.0 18.0 17,758 19,101 764,051 17,75812.5 47.1 17 1300 79 77 68.4 51.0 -21,481 -383,214 485,738 195,364 -507,219 -578,578 -1,085,797 Mod 48.0 14.2 21,481 25,923 383,214 21,481

82,814,336 94,505,730 79,095,122 56,915,779 4,373,941 37,589,951 41,963,892 39,240 45,025 3,045,574 39,240

Wheel Area: Wheel Diameter: AHU1-2


Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels


May-August Occupied Mon-Friday 7am-6pm Sat. 9am-12pm

midpts Gr/Lb DB Hours

OA cfm

Sensible Eff

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu


EW Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu


Btu

Latent OA Load

Savings Btu

Total Savings

BtuEW

On/Off Mod147.5 85 2 1380 85 83 75.7 77.0 110,290 205,510 82,419 73,101 27,870 132,408 160,279 ON142.5 84.4 12 1380 85 83 75.6 76.1 651,007 1,176,754 492,905 429,036 158,102 747,717 905,819 ON137.5 85.5 43 1370 85 83 75.7 75.3 2,385,855 3,985,851 1,763,942 1,492,190 621,913 2,493,660 3,115,573 ON132.5 85.6 120 1300 85 83 75.7 74.4 6,334,848 10,024,560 4,673,635 3,861,312 1,661,213 6,163,248 7,824,461 ON127.5 85.7 150 1255 85 83 75.8 73.6 7,664,787 11,456,895 5,642,869 4,550,756 2,021,918 6,906,140 8,928,057 ON122.5 84.5 177 1280 85 83 75.6 72.7 8,930,995 13,018,138 6,747,183 5,345,910 2,183,812 7,672,228 9,856,040 ON117.5 83.5 174 1240 85 83 75.4 71.9 8,272,238 11,663,986 6,390,595 4,966,364 1,881,643 6,697,622 8,579,265 ON112.5 83 170 1180 85 83 75.4 71.0 7,582,680 10,162,396 5,925,323 4,501,464 1,657,357 5,660,932 7,318,289 ON107.5 85 76 1120 85 83 75.7 70.2 3,401,395 4,022,771 2,541,853 1,860,893 859,542 2,161,878 3,021,420 ON102.5 84.9 55 1280 85 83 75.6 69.3 2,805,581 3,087,744 2,101,144 1,498,394 704,436 1,589,350 2,293,787 ON97.5 81.9 59 1150 85 83 75.2 68.5 2,484,124 2,745,211 1,992,062 1,404,902 492,062 1,340,309 1,832,371 ON92.5 80.2 25 1290 85 83 74.9 67.6 1,121,526 1,195,185 937,972 649,128 183,554 546,057 729,611 ON87.5 80.3 30 1205 85 83 74.9 66.8 1,261,057 1,216,809 1,051,987 706,733 209,070 510,077 719,146 ON82.5 80.2 28 1250 85 83 74.9 65.9 1,217,160 1,059,100 1,017,954 664,020 199,206 395,080 594,286 ON77.5 77.6 7 1305 85 83 74.5 65.1 292,028 245,366 261,838 168,029 30,189 77,337 107,526 ON72.5 82.9 2 1280 85 83 75.3 64.2 96,492 60,058 75,576 45,609 20,916 14,449 35,364 ON67.5 76.8 4 1285 85 83 74.4 63.4 159,875 103,108 146,663 88,603 13,212 14,505 27,717 ON62.5 82.9 2 1290 85 83 75.3 62.5 97,245 42,983 76,166 42,983 21,079 0 21,079 ON

54,869,182 75,472,423 41,922,088 32,349,427 12,947,094 43,122,996 56,021,294

Wheel Area: AHU1-2 Wheel Diameter:


Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels


Sept-April UnoccupiedMon-Friday 7pm-6am Sat. 12pm-9am

midpts Gr/Lb DB

Total Hrs

OA cfm

Sensible Eff

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu


EW Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu


Btu

Latent OA Load

Savings Btu

Total Savings

BtuEW

On/Off ModLeaving

DBLeaving

Gr/lb

Sensible Load

Savings

Humidifier Savings

Btu


EW % Savings Latent

Humidifier Load Btu

Heating Load Btu

132.5 84.4 11 500 85 83 75.6 74.4 216,216 353,430 163,706 136,136 52,510 217,294 269,804 ON 24.3 61.5127.5 81.6 26 500 85 83 75.1 73.6 471,744 791,180 381,046 314,262 90,698 476,918 567,616 ON 19.2 60.3122.5 80.1 60 500 85 83 74.9 72.7 1,040,040 1,723,800 872,046 707,880 167,994 1,015,920 1,183,914 ON 16.2 58.9117.5 77.6 134 500 85 83 74.5 71.9 2,141,856 3,622,020 1,920,434 1,542,206 221,422 2,079,814 2,301,236 ON 10.3 57.4112.5 74.8 164 500 85 83 74.1 71.0 2,373,408 4,154,120 2,313,187 1,840,080 60,221 2,314,040 2,374,261 ON 2.5 55.7107.5 72.7 123 500 85 83 73.8 70.2 1,640,574 2,906,490 1,713,968 1,344,513 -73,394 1,561,977 1,488,583 ON -4.5 53.7102.5 72.6 113 500 85 83 73.8 69.3 1,501,092 2,478,090 1,573,706 1,202,546 -72,614 1,275,544 1,202,930 ON -4.8 51.597.5 72.2 184 500 85 83 73.7 68.5 2,404,512 3,722,320 2,556,533 1,904,952 -152,021 1,817,368 1,665,347 ON -6.3 48.892.5 71.7 135 500 85 83 73.7 67.6 1,727,730 2,501,550 1,870,250 1,358,640 -142,520 1,142,910 1,000,391 ON -8.2 45.787.5 69.6 242 500 85 83 73.3 66.8 2,822,688 4,072,860 3,311,431 2,365,550 -488,743 1,707,310 1,218,567 ON -17.3 41.982.5 68.3 293 500 85 83 73.1 65.9 3,211,866 4,433,090 3,978,442 2,779,398 -766,576 1,653,692 887,116 ON -23.9 37.377.5 66.8 262 500 85 83 72.9 65.1 2,659,824 3,518,660 3,525,682 2,409,614 -865,858 1,109,046 243,188 ON -32.6 31.572.5 66.8 200 500 85 83 72.9 64.2 2,030,400 2,346,000 2,691,360 1,781,600 -660,960 564,400 -96,560 OFF67.5 65 168 500 85 83 72.7 63.4 1,542,240 1,685,040 2,236,248 1,447,992 -694,008 237,048 -456,960 OFF62.5 62.4 231 500 85 83 72.3 62.5 1,796,256 1,924,230 3,026,192 1,924,230 -1,229,936 0 -1,229,936 OFF57.5 62.3 197 500 85 83 72.2 61.7 1,521,234 1,306,110 2,579,183 1,584,077 -1,057,949 -277,967 -1,335,916 OFF52.5 58.5 178 500 85 83 71.7 60.8 1,009,260 877,540 2,275,641 1,379,856 -1,266,381 -502,316 -1,768,697 OFF47.5 56.8 192 500 85 83 71.4 60.0 912,384 620,160 2,428,186 1,432,896 -1,515,802 -812,736 -2,328,538 OFF42.5 53.3 140 500 85 83 70.9 59.1 400,680 214,200 1,730,862 1,004,360 -1,330,182 -790,160 -2,120,342 OFF37.5 49.6 114 500 85 83 70.3 58.3 98,496 -19,380 1,375,250 784,890 -1,276,754 -804,270 -2,081,024 OFF 19,38032.5 46.9 86 500 85 83 69.9 57.4 -51,084 -160,820 1,018,661 567,256 -1,069,745 -728,076 -1,797,821 MOD 48.0 33.7 51,084 34,844 160,820 51,08427.5 44.4 110 500 85 83 69.6 56.6 -213,840 -392,700 1,280,664 693,770 -1,494,504 -1,086,470 -2,580,974 MOD 48.0 32.2 213,840 173,910 392,700 213,84022.5 42.7 58 500 85 83 69.3 55.7 -165,996 -305,660 667,273 349,044 -833,269 -654,704 -1,487,973 MOD 48.0 30.5 165,996 156,774 305,660 165,99617.5 38.7 23 500 85 83 68.7 54.9 -115,506 -160,310 257,156 131,767 -372,662 -292,077 -664,739 MOD 48.0 33.4 115,506 124,240 160,310 115,50612.5 35.1 1 500 85 83 68.2 54.0 -6,966 -8,670 10,889 5,440 -17,855 -14,110 -31,965 MOD 48.0 37.2 6,966 8,407 8,670 6,966

31,522,500 43,250,890 33,491,381 26,879,057 -1,103,023 16,371,833 14,402,953 553,392 498,175 1,047,540 553,392

AHU1-2 Wheel Diameter: Wheel Area:


Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels


May-August UnoccupiedMon-Friday 6pm-7am Sat. 12pm-9am

midpts Gr/Lb DB Total Hr

OA cfm

Sensible Eff

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu


EW Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu


Btu

Latent OA Load

Savings Btu

Total Savings

BtuEW

On/Off Mod142.5 81 1 500 85 83 75.1 76.1 17,820 35,530 14,607 12,954 3,213 22,576 25,789 ON137.5 83.6 41 500 85 83 75.4 75.3 788,184 1,387,030 607,522 519,265 180,662 867,765 1,048,427 ON132.5 83.4 113 500 85 83 75.4 74.4 2,160,108 3,630,690 1,672,558 1,398,488 487,550 2,232,202 2,719,752 ON127.5 80.8 198 500 85 83 75.0 73.6 3,506,976 6,025,140 2,888,978 2,393,226 617,998 3,631,914 4,249,912 ON122.5 79 265 500 85 83 74.8 72.7 4,436,100 7,613,450 3,827,925 3,126,470 608,175 4,486,980 5,095,155 ON117.5 78.2 309 500 85 83 74.6 71.9 5,039,172 8,352,270 4,443,482 3,556,281 595,690 4,795,989 5,391,679 ON112.5 76.5 335 500 85 83 74.4 71.0 5,155,650 8,485,550 4,771,238 3,758,700 384,413 4,726,850 5,111,263 ON107.5 75.2 170 500 85 83 74.2 70.2 2,496,960 4,017,100 2,403,324 1,858,270 93,636 2,158,830 2,252,466 ON102.5 76 100 500 85 83 74.3 69.3 1,512,000 2,193,000 1,420,200 1,064,200 91,800 1,128,800 1,220,600 ON97.5 74.8 110 500 85 83 74.1 68.5 1,591,920 2,225,300 1,551,528 1,138,830 40,392 1,086,470 1,126,862 ON92.5 72.5 48 500 85 83 73.8 67.6 635,040 889,440 668,088 483,072 -33,048 406,368 373,320 ON87.5 71.8 44 500 85 83 73.7 66.8 565,488 740,520 609,919 430,100 -44,431 310,420 265,989 ON82.5 70.6 53 500 85 83 73.5 65.9 646,812 801,890 729,524 502,758 -82,712 299,132 216,420 ON77.5 72 13 500 85 83 73.7 65.1 168,480 174,590 180,414 119,561 -11,934 55,029 43,095 ON72.5 71.3 9 500 85 83 73.6 64.2 113,238 105,570 124,392 80,172 -11,154 25,398 14,244 ON67.5 73 6 500 85 83 73.9 63.4 81,000 60,180 83,754 51,714 -2,754 8,466 5,712 ON62.5 73.9 1 500 85 83 74.0 62.5 13,986 8,330 14,032 8,330 -46 0 -46 OFF

28,928,934 46,745,580 26,011,484 20,502,391 2,917,496 26,243,189 29,160,685



Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels


May-August UnoccupiedMon-Friday 6pm-7am Sat. 12pm-9am

midpts Gr/Lb DB

Total Hrs

OA cfm

Sensible Eff

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu


Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu


Btu

Latent OA Load

Savings Btu

Total Savings

BtuEW

On/Off Mod142.5 81 1 500 85 83 75.1 76.1 17,820 35,530 14,607 12,954 3,213 22,576 25,789 ON137.5 83.6 41 500 85 83 75.4 75.3 788,184 1,387,030 607,522 519,265 180,662 867,765 1,048,427 ON132.5 83.4 113 500 85 83 75.4 74.4 2,160,108 3,630,690 1,672,558 1,398,488 487,550 2,232,202 2,719,752 ON127.5 80.8 198 500 85 83 75.0 73.6 3,506,976 6,025,140 2,888,978 2,393,226 617,998 3,631,914 4,249,912 ON122.5 79 265 500 85 83 74.8 72.7 4,436,100 7,613,450 3,827,925 3,126,470 608,175 4,486,980 5,095,155 ON117.5 78.2 309 500 85 83 74.6 71.9 5,039,172 8,352,270 4,443,482 3,556,281 595,690 4,795,989 5,391,679 ON112.5 76.5 335 500 85 83 74.4 71.0 5,155,650 8,485,550 4,771,238 3,758,700 384,413 4,726,850 5,111,263 ON107.5 75.2 170 500 85 83 74.2 70.2 2,496,960 4,017,100 2,403,324 1,858,270 93,636 2,158,830 2,252,466 ON102.5 76 100 500 85 83 74.3 69.3 1,512,000 2,193,000 1,420,200 1,064,200 91,800 1,128,800 1,220,600 ON97.5 74.8 110 500 85 83 74.1 68.5 1,591,920 2,225,300 1,551,528 1,138,830 40,392 1,086,470 1,126,862 ON92.5 72.5 48 500 85 83 73.8 67.6 635,040 889,440 668,088 483,072 -33,048 406,368 373,320 ON87.5 71.8 44 500 85 83 73.7 66.8 565,488 740,520 609,919 430,100 -44,431 310,420 265,989 ON82.5 70.6 53 500 85 83 73.5 65.9 646,812 801,890 729,524 502,758 -82,712 299,132 216,420 ON77.5 72 13 500 85 83 73.7 65.1 168,480 174,590 180,414 119,561 -11,934 55,029 43,095 ON72.5 71.3 9 500 85 83 73.6 64.2 113,238 105,570 124,392 80,172 -11,154 25,398 14,244 ON67.5 73 6 500 85 83 73.9 63.4 81,000 60,180 83,754 51,714 -2,754 8,466 5,712 ON62.5 73.9 1 500 85 83 74.0 62.5 13,986 8,330 14,032 8,330 -46 0 -46 OFF

28,928,934 46,745,580 26,011,484 20,502,391 2,917,496 26,243,189 29,160,685



Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels

4870 cfm SA Constant Volume EW - Novel Aire - ECW 544 48 inches4870 cfm OA (4870 exhaust) 36-37 cfm purge 12.56 Ft^2


midpts Gr/Lb DB

Total Hrs

OA cfm

Sensible Eff

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load Btu

OA Latent CC Load Btu


EW Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu


Btu

Latent OA Load Savings

BtuTotal Savings

BtuEW

On/Off ModLeaving

DBLeaving

Gr/lb

Sensible Load

Savings

Humidifier Savings

Btu


EW % Savings Latent

Humidifier Load Btu

Heating Load Btu

147.5 85 2 875 81.1 78.3 74.5 77.8 69,930 130,305 50,004 47,377 19,926 82,928 102,854 ON 28.5 63.6142.5 84.1 13 1425 81.1 78.3 74.3 76.7 722,253 1,316,387 525,922 487,857 196,331 828,530 1,024,861 ON 27.2 62.9137.5 85.7 68 2930 81.1 78.3 74.6 75.6 8,112,256 13,480,578 5,721,464 5,099,994 2,390,792 8,380,584 10,771,376 ON 29.5 62.2132.5 85.5 203 1960 81.1 78.3 74.6 74.6 16,114,140 25,567,769 11,409,456 9,891,074 4,704,684 15,676,695 20,381,379 ON 29.2 61.3127.5 85 256 1825 81.1 78.3 74.5 73.5 18,669,312 28,433,792 13,349,567 11,269,630 5,319,745 17,164,162 22,483,907 ON 28.5 60.4122.5 84 302 2930 81.1 78.3 74.3 72.4 34,403,357 50,844,056 25,102,983 20,691,425 9,300,374 30,152,631 39,453,005 ON 27.0 59.3117.5 82.8 338 1425 81.1 78.3 74.0 71.3 18,102,334 26,037,999 13,546,163 10,907,465 4,556,170 15,130,534 19,686,704 ON 25.2 58.1112.5 81.8 354 1425 81.1 78.3 73.9 70.2 18,414,443 25,555,437 14,084,434 11,051,612 4,330,009 14,503,825 18,833,834 ON 23.5 56.8107.5 80.7 214 2930 81.1 78.3 73.6 69.1 22,143,838 29,632,965 17,365,848 13,274,289 4,777,990 16,358,676 21,136,666 ON 21.6 55.2102.5 80.4 189 1960 81.1 78.3 73.6 68.0 12,962,436 16,247,498 10,236,964 7,569,067 2,725,472 8,678,431 11,403,904 ON 21.0 53.497.5 79.1 253 1425 81.1 78.3 73.3 67.0 12,109,314 14,586,842 9,867,300 7,100,482 2,242,014 7,486,359 9,728,373 ON 18.5 51.392.5 77.1 174 2930 81.1 78.3 73.0 65.9 16,022,623 18,893,929 13,745,263 9,664,678 2,277,360 9,229,251 11,506,611 ON 14.2 48.887.5 75.3 269 1960 81.1 78.3 72.6 64.8 15,545,144 17,746,898 14,021,208 9,605,912 1,523,937 8,140,986 9,664,923 ON 9.8 45.982.5 74.8 212 2930 81.1 78.3 72.5 63.7 17,978,855 18,796,302 16,455,483 10,858,771 1,523,373 7,937,530 9,460,903 ON 8.5 42.277.5 74.4 153 1425 81.1 78.3 72.5 62.6 6,216,329 5,856,152 5,758,016 3,650,532 458,313 2,205,619 2,663,932 ON 7.4 37.772.5 73.2 184 2930 81.1 78.3 72.2 61.5 14,672,690 12,647,755 14,106,045 8,629,068 566,645 4,018,687 4,585,332 ON 3.9 31.867.5 70 145 1960 81.1 78.3 71.6 60.5 6,752,592 5,701,052 7,250,442 4,339,177 -497,850 1,361,875 864,025 ON -7.4 23.962.5 69.5 161 1960 81.1 78.3 71.5 59.4 7,327,303 5,257,230 8,018,285 4,585,163 -690,982 672,067 -18,915 OFF57.5 67.5 173 3900 81.1 78.3 71.1 58.3 14,209,182 8,946,522 16,868,485 9,305,759 -2,659,303 -359,237 -3,018,540 OFF52.5 65.4 132 1960 81.1 78.3 70.8 57.2 4,861,866 2,550,979 6,357,477 3,377,496 -1,495,611 -826,517 -2,322,128 OFF47.5 63.6 144 2930 81.1 78.3 70.4 56.1 7,108,508 2,725,603 10,212,739 5,196,721 -3,104,231 -2,471,118 -5,575,349 OFF42.5 59.7 100 1425 81.1 78.3 69.7 55.0 1,800,630 436,050 3,335,829 1,650,013 -1,535,199 -1,213,963 -2,749,162 OFF37.5 56.4 66 4470 81.1 78.3 69.1 53.9 2,676,421 -100,307 6,707,494 3,198,383 -4,031,073 -3,298,689 -7,329,762 OFF 100,30732.5 55.2 60 2930 81.1 78.3 68.8 52.9 1,367,021 -657,492 3,953,880 1,776,185 -2,586,859 -2,433,677 -5,020,536 OFF 657,49227.5 51.2 101 1960 81.1 78.3 68.1 51.8 684,150 -1,413,434 4,290,645 1,854,022 -3,606,495 -3,267,456 -6,873,952 OFF 1,413,43422.5 52 55 1425 81.1 78.3 68.2 50.7 338,580 -826,073 1,711,522 676,207 -1,372,942 -1,502,279 -2,875,221 OFF 826,07317.5 48.7 42 2930 81.1 78.3 67.6 49.6 93,033 -1,715,456 2,604,442 970,948 -2,511,409 -2,686,405 -5,197,814 OFF 1,715,45612.5 47.1 17 1960 81.1 78.3 67.3 48.5 -32,387 -577,769 694,303 238,313 -726,690 -816,081 -1,542,771 MOD 48.0 14.2 32,387 39,084 577,769 32,387

279,478,540 331,392,099 233,063,255 164,881,437 46,696,878 165,063,971 211,760,849 32,387 39,084 5,290,531 32,387


AHU1-3


Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels

4870 cfm SA Constant Volume EW - Novel Aire - ECW 544 48 inches4870 cfm OA (4870 exhaust) 36-37 cfm purge 12.56 Ft^2

Sept-August Unoccupied Mon-Friday 7am-6pm

midpts Gr/Lb DB

Total Hrs

OA cfm

Sensible Eff

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load Btu

OA Latent CC Load Btu


EW Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu


Btu


BtuTotal Savings

BtuEW

On/Off ModLeaving

DBLeaving

Gr/lb

Sensible Load

Savings

Humidifier Savings

Btu


EW % Savings Latent

Humidifier Load Btu

Heating Load Btu

137.5 80.1 17 875 93.0 90.0 72.6 66.4 515,687 1,006,443 394,669 287,266 121,018 719,177 840,194 ON 23.5 71.5132.5 80.9 58 875 93.0 90.0 72.6 65.9 1,803,249 3,261,195 1,349,587 962,829 453,662 2,298,366 2,752,028 ON 25.2 70.5127.5 79.2 151 875 93.0 90.0 72.5 65.4 4,452,084 8,041,128 3,496,598 2,461,753 955,486 5,579,375 6,534,860 ON 21.5 69.4122.5 77.9 259 875 93.0 90.0 72.4 64.9 7,318,175 13,021,873 5,975,204 4,145,425 1,342,971 8,876,448 10,219,419 ON 18.4 68.2117.5 77.2 392 875 93.0 90.0 72.4 64.4 10,816,848 18,542,580 9,025,400 6,157,536 1,791,448 12,385,044 14,176,492 ON 16.6 66.8112.5 75.4 456 875 93.0 90.0 72.2 63.9 11,807,208 20,213,340 10,444,639 7,027,188 1,362,569 13,186,152 14,548,721 ON 11.5 65.2107.5 73.7 276 875 93.0 90.0 72.1 63.4 6,703,074 11,413,290 6,290,718 4,171,188 412,356 7,242,102 7,654,458 ON 6.2 63.5102.5 73.5 197 875 93.0 90.0 72.1 62.9 4,747,208 7,560,368 4,487,507 2,918,654 259,700 4,641,714 4,901,414 ON 5.5 61.497.5 71.6 261 875 93.0 90.0 72.0 62.4 5,820,822 9,240,053 5,912,574 3,789,198 -91,752 5,450,855 5,359,103 ON -1.6 59.092.5 70.2 150 875 93.0 90.0 71.9 61.9 3,146,850 4,864,125 3,384,140 2,133,075 -237,289 2,731,050 2,493,761 ON -7.5 56.187.5 68.7 246 875 93.0 90.0 71.8 61.4 4,812,129 7,245,315 5,525,579 3,425,058 -713,450 3,820,257 3,106,807 ON -14.8 52.782.5 66.9 293 875 93.0 90.0 71.6 60.9 5,233,127 7,757,908 6,546,392 3,992,272 -1,313,266 3,765,636 2,452,370 ON -25.1 48.577.5 65.4 243 875 93.0 90.0 71.5 60.4 3,995,649 5,711,108 5,405,149 3,238,704 -1,409,500 2,472,404 1,062,904 ON -35.3 43.372.5 64.2 159 875 93.0 90.0 71.5 59.9 2,434,131 3,263,873 3,524,081 2,071,850 -1,089,950 1,192,023 102,073 ON -44.8 36.567.5 63.6 137 875 93.0 90.0 71.4 59.4 2,019,654 2,404,693 3,031,035 1,744,421 -1,011,381 660,272 -351,109 OFF62.5 60.8 185 875 93.0 90.0 71.2 58.9 2,237,760 2,696,838 4,058,737 2,300,568 -1,820,977 396,270 -1,424,707 OFF57.5 59 136 875 93.0 90.0 71.1 58.4 1,413,720 1,577,940 2,967,527 1,650,768 -1,553,807 -72,828 -1,626,635 OFF52.5 57.6 155 875 93.0 90.0 71.0 57.9 1,406,160 1,337,263 3,367,753 1,835,278 -1,961,593 -498,015 -2,459,608 OFF47.5 54.4 152 875 93.0 90.0 70.8 57.4 919,296 859,180 3,270,396 1,754,536 -2,351,100 -895,356 -3,246,456 OFF42.5 51.1 101 875 93.0 90.0 70.5 56.9 295,880 270,428 2,151,044 1,135,796 -1,855,164 -865,368 -2,720,532 OFF37.5 48.7 100 875 93.0 90.0 70.4 56.4 66,150 -29,750 2,113,871 1,094,800 -2,047,721 -1,124,550 -3,172,271 OFF 29,75032.5 47 84 875 93.0 90.0 70.3 55.9 -79,380 -274,890 1,766,205 894,642 -1,845,585 -1,169,532 -3,015,117 MOD 48.0 33.6 79,380 54,145 274,890 79,38027.5 43.6 97 875 93.0 90.0 70.0 55.4 -403,326 -606,008 2,017,730 1,004,241 -2,421,056 -1,610,249 -4,031,304 MOD 48.0 33.2 403,326 328,014 606,008 403,32622.5 40.6 51 875 93.0 90.0 69.8 54.9 -356,643 -470,348 1,050,747 512,831 -1,407,390 -983,178 -2,390,568 MOD 48.0 33.6 356,643 336,830 470,348 356,64317.5 36.3 23 875 93.0 90.0 69.5 54.4 -254,300 -280,543 467,324 224,434 -721,624 -504,977 -1,226,600 MOD 48.0 37.5 254,300 273,529 280,543 254,30012.5 35.1 1 875 93.0 90.0 69.4 53.9 -12,191 -15,173 20,239 9,461 -32,430 -24,633 -57,063 MOD 48.0 37.2 12,191 14,711 15,173 12,191

81,964,859 130,288,935 80,120,855 55,928,334 1,844,003 74,360,601 76,204,604 1,105,839 1,007,228 1,676,710 1,105,839



Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels

1450 cfm SA Variable Air Volume EW - Novel Aire - ECW 244 24 inches580 cfm OA (480 exhaust) 4 cfm purge 3.14 Ft^2

Sept-April Occupied Mon-Sunday 7am-9pm

midpts Gr/Lb DB

Total Hrs

OA cfm

Sensible Eff

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu


EW Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu


Btu


BtuTotal Savings

BtuEW

On/Off ModLeaving

DBLeaving

Gr/lb

Sensible Load

Savings Btu

Humidifier Savings

Btu


EW % Savings Latent

Humidifier Load Btu

Heating Load Btu

137.5 87.1 1 580 73.0 71.0 76.1 81.4 24,492 39,243 17,587 17,121 6,905 22,122 29,027 ON 28.2 56.4132.5 84 28 575 73.0 71.0 75.2 80.0 625,968 1,034,586 473,649 459,378 152,319 575,208 727,527 ON 24.3 55.6127.5 83.2 52 570 73.0 71.0 75.0 78.5 1,126,794 1,803,890 865,071 816,487 261,724 987,403 1,249,127 ON 23.2 54.7122.5 81.9 94 535 73.0 71.0 74.7 77.1 1,841,217 2,889,663 1,448,696 1,335,743 392,521 1,553,921 1,946,442 ON 21.3 53.8117.5 80.6 168 540 73.0 71.0 74.3 75.6 3,194,070 4,904,323 2,578,966 2,320,146 615,103 2,584,177 3,199,281 ON 19.3 52.7112.5 79.4 185 560 73.0 71.0 74.0 74.2 3,513,283 5,248,376 2,908,864 2,547,400 604,419 2,700,976 3,305,395 ON 17.2 51.5107.5 77.2 145 520 73.0 71.0 73.4 72.7 2,377,814 3,563,404 2,068,699 1,779,651 309,116 1,783,753 2,092,869 ON 13.0 50.1102.5 77.3 147 545 73.0 71.0 73.4 71.3 2,535,159 3,513,844 2,200,397 1,811,945 334,762 1,701,899 2,036,661 ON 13.2 48.497.5 76.8 219 560 73.0 71.0 73.3 69.8 3,814,595 4,962,014 3,350,486 2,652,801 464,109 2,309,213 2,773,322 ON 12.2 46.592.5 75.6 173 530 73.0 71.0 73.0 68.4 2,733,096 3,398,031 2,472,857 1,892,922 260,238 1,505,110 1,765,348 ON 9.5 44.387.5 73.9 284 545 73.0 71.0 72.5 66.9 4,329,506 5,209,895 4,097,652 3,042,789 231,854 2,167,106 2,398,960 ON 5.4 41.682.5 72.4 239 505 73.0 71.0 72.1 65.5 3,180,555 3,652,231 3,142,492 2,253,714 38,062 1,398,517 1,436,579 ON 1.2 38.377.5 72.8 185 540 73.0 71.0 72.2 64.0 2,675,722 2,683,314 2,612,713 1,766,911 63,009 916,403 979,412 ON 2.4 34.272.5 71.8 225 535 73.0 71.0 71.9 62.6 3,094,119 2,823,998 3,113,100 2,010,359 -18,981 813,639 794,658 ON -0.6 28.867.5 68.9 184 525 73.0 71.0 71.2 61.1 2,180,455 1,937,796 2,416,549 1,518,050 -236,094 419,746 183,652 ON -10.8 21.762.5 68.5 193 560 73.0 71.0 71.1 59.7 2,392,891 1,800,613 2,691,127 1,591,889 -298,236 208,724 -89,512 OFF57.5 66.9 204 560 73.0 71.0 70.6 58.2 2,331,867 1,514,822 2,791,208 1,569,977 -459,341 -55,155 -514,496 OFF52.5 64.7 173 555 73.0 71.0 70.0 56.8 1,731,727 946,708 2,284,324 1,224,844 -552,597 -278,136 -830,733 OFF47.5 62.7 182 575 73.0 71.0 69.5 55.3 1,661,423 676,039 2,428,730 1,231,814 -767,306 -555,775 -1,323,082 OFF42.5 58.8 121 560 73.0 71.0 68.4 53.9 790,353 207,346 1,495,523 730,778 -705,170 -523,432 -1,228,603 OFF37.5 54.9 90 545 73.0 71.0 67.4 52.4 365,521 -16,677 1,026,795 480,631 -661,274 -497,308 -1,158,583 OFF 16,67732.5 54.2 79 550 73.0 71.0 67.2 51.0 290,941 -162,503 900,698 382,916 -609,756 -545,419 -1,155,176 OFF 162,50327.5 50 129 560 73.0 71.0 66.1 49.5 156,038 -515,794 1,409,027 565,408 -1,252,988 -1,081,202 -2,334,190 OFF 515,79422.5 51 67 580 73.0 71.0 66.3 48.1 125,906 -409,584 769,288 265,833 -643,382 -675,418 -1,318,800 OFF 409,58417.5 47.7 46 545 73.0 71.0 65.4 46.6 -8,123 -349,476 472,171 146,780 -480,294 -496,256 -976,550 MOD 48.0 18.0 8,123 8,737 349,476 8,12312.5 47.1 17 525 73.0 71.0 65.3 45.2 -8,675 -154,760 166,533 43,454 -175,208 -198,214 -373,422 MOD 48.0 14.2 8,675 10,469 154,760 8,675

47,093,512 52,810,136 43,606,323 31,790,690 3,715,161 21,019,446 24,734,607 16,798 19,206 1,608,793 16,798


AHU1-4


Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels


Sept-April Unoccupied Mon-Sunday 9pm-7am

midpts Gr/Lb DB

Total Hrs

OA cfm

Sensible Eff

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu


EW Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu


Btu


BtuTotal Savings

BtuEW

On/Off ModLeaving

DBLeaving

Gr/lb

Sensible Load

Savings Btu

Humidifier Savings

Btu


EW % Savings Latent

Humidifier Load Btu

Heating Load Btu

127.5 78.1 7 200 83.0 81.0 73.0 71.6 45,511 85,204 37,856 31,997 7,655 53,207 60,863 ON 16.8 62.4122.5 77.6 25 200 83.0 81.0 73.0 70.7 159,840 287,300 134,741 111,044 25,099 176,256 201,355 ON 15.7 61.3117.5 76.1 79 200 83.0 81.0 72.7 69.7 479,498 854,148 421,430 340,692 58,069 513,456 571,525 ON 12.1 60.1112.5 74.4 120 200 83.0 81.0 72.4 68.8 684,288 1,215,840 632,655 502,003 51,633 713,837 765,469 ON 7.5 58.7107.5 72.4 99 200 83.0 81.0 72.1 67.8 521,770 935,748 514,670 401,362 7,099 534,386 541,486 ON 1.4 57.1102.5 71.9 84 200 83.0 81.0 72.0 66.9 433,642 736,848 435,148 329,697 -1,506 407,151 405,645 ON -0.3 55.397.5 70 126 200 83.0 81.0 71.7 65.9 598,752 1,019,592 643,931 478,266 -45,179 541,326 496,148 ON -7.5 53.192.5 69.2 78 200 83.0 81.0 71.5 65.0 357,178 578,136 396,332 285,992 -39,155 292,144 252,990 ON -11.0 50.587.5 67.6 157 200 83.0 81.0 71.3 64.0 664,675 1,056,924 788,522 555,366 -123,847 501,558 377,712 ON -18.6 47.582.5 65.8 185 200 83.0 81.0 70.9 63.1 711,288 1,119,620 916,922 630,510 -205,634 489,110 283,476 ON -28.9 43.777.5 64.5 191 200 83.0 81.0 70.7 62.1 680,724 1,026,052 937,543 626,281 -256,819 399,771 142,952 ON -37.7 39.072.5 62.8 107 200 83.0 81.0 70.4 61.2 342,058 502,044 518,541 337,024 -176,483 165,020 -11,464 OFF67.5 61.9 88 200 83.0 81.0 70.3 60.2 264,211 353,056 423,555 265,809 -159,344 87,247 -72,097 OFF62.5 59.8 150 200 83.0 81.0 69.9 59.3 382,320 499,800 710,402 433,704 -328,082 66,096 -261,986 OFF57.5 57.8 105 200 83.0 81.0 69.6 58.3 222,264 278,460 489,570 290,027 -267,306 -11,567 -278,873 OFF52.5 55.8 114 200 83.0 81.0 69.2 57.4 192,067 224,808 523,162 300,157 -331,094 -75,349 -406,444 OFF47.5 52.7 114 200 83.0 81.0 68.7 56.4 115,733 147,288 510,185 285,429 -394,452 -138,141 -532,592 OFF42.5 50.1 80 200 83.0 81.0 68.3 55.5 36,288 48,960 350,387 189,965 -314,099 -141,005 -455,103 OFF37.5 48 76 200 83.0 81.0 67.9 54.5 0 -5,168 327,007 170,647 -327,007 -175,815 -502,822 OFF 5,168 032.5 45.8 65 200 83.0 81.0 67.5 53.6 -30,888 -48,620 274,426 137,550 -305,314 -186,170 -491,484 MOD 48.0 34.9 30,888 21,069 48,620 30,88827.5 42.8 69 200 83.0 81.0 67.0 52.6 -77,501 -98,532 283,713 137,100 -361,213 -235,632 -596,846 MOD 48.0 34.2 77,501 63,029 98,532 77,50122.5 28.9 39 200 83.0 81.0 64.7 51.7 -160,898 -82,212 140,453 72,453 -301,352 -154,665 -456,016 MOD 48.0 38.0 160,898 82,212 82,212 160,89817.5 36 19 200 83.0 81.0 65.9 50.7 -49,248 -52,972 73,380 32,843 -122,628 -85,815 -208,442 MOD 48.0 38.0 49,248 52,972 52,972 49,24812.5 35.1 1 200 83.0 81.0 65.7 49.8 -2,786 -3,468 3,829 1,599 -6,615 -5,067 -11,683 MOD 48.0 37.2 2,786 3,363 3,468 2,786

6,892,106 10,969,828 7,414,690 6,347,625 -522,583 4,622,203 4,099,620 321,322 222,644 290,972 321,322



Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels


May-August Occupied Mon-Sunday 9am-6pm

midpts Gr/Lb DB

Total Hrs

OA cfm

Sensible Eff

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu


EW Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu


Btu

Latent OA Load

Savings BtuTotal

Savings BtuEW

On/Off Mod147.5 85 2 480 83.0 81.0 74.2 75.4 38,362 71,482 27,175 24,421 11,187 47,060 58,247 ON142.5 84.8 11 480 83.0 81.0 74.2 74.5 209,848 375,197 149,266 130,906 60,582 244,291 304,873 ON137.5 86.3 59 450 83.0 81.0 74.4 73.5 1,098,214 1,796,373 757,882 641,098 340,332 1,155,275 1,495,607 ON132.5 86.6 150 460 83.0 81.0 74.5 72.6 2,876,472 4,433,940 1,973,439 1,621,555 903,033 2,812,385 3,715,418 ON127.5 86.4 176 465 83.0 81.0 74.4 71.6 3,394,068 4,980,782 2,337,665 1,870,437 1,056,404 3,110,346 4,166,749 ON122.5 86.1 183 440 83.0 81.0 74.4 70.7 3,313,237 4,626,679 2,295,525 1,788,253 1,017,712 2,838,427 3,856,138 ON117.5 85.5 166 430 83.0 81.0 74.3 69.7 2,890,890 3,858,803 2,027,092 1,539,153 863,798 2,319,650 3,183,448 ON112.5 84.4 169 425 83.0 81.0 74.1 68.8 2,823,584 3,638,655 2,025,224 1,502,349 798,361 2,136,305 2,934,666 ON107.5 86.7 76 460 83.0 81.0 74.5 67.8 1,461,188 1,652,210 1,000,517 708,667 460,671 943,542 1,404,213 ON102.5 85.3 66 480 83.0 81.0 74.3 66.9 1,276,197 1,389,485 898,504 621,714 377,693 767,771 1,145,464 ON97.5 83.9 70 460 83.0 81.0 74.0 65.9 1,248,458 1,302,812 904,976 611,117 343,483 691,695 1,035,177 ON92.5 83.1 25 420 83.0 81.0 73.9 65.0 398,034 389,130 293,559 192,494 104,475 196,636 301,111 ON87.5 82.5 33 460 83.0 81.0 73.8 64.0 565,607 510,959 422,730 268,486 142,877 242,473 385,350 ON82.5 82.3 29 440 83.0 81.0 73.8 63.1 472,681 386,118 354,869 217,441 117,812 168,677 286,489 ON77.5 80.3 8 460 83.0 81.0 73.4 62.1 128,373 98,845 100,993 60,333 27,380 38,512 65,892 ON72.5 82.9 2 440 83.0 81.0 73.9 61.2 33,169 20,645 24,571 13,859 8,598 6,786 15,384 ON67.5 80.7 3 455 83.0 81.0 73.5 60.2 48,206 27,382 37,561 20,615 10,645 6,767 17,412 ON62.5 82.9 2 405 83.0 81.0 73.9 59.3 30,531 13,495 22,616 11,710 7,914 1,785 9,699 ON

22,307,121 29,572,989 15,654,164 11,844,607 6,652,957 17,728,382 24,381,339



Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels


May-August UoccupiedMon-Sunday 6pm-9am

midpts Gr/Lb DB

Total Hrs

OA cfm

Sensible Eff

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu


EW Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu


Btu

Latent OA Load

Savings BtuTotal

Savings BtuEW

On/Off Mod142.5 80.6 2 200 83.0 81.0 73.5 74.5 14,083 28,424 11,000 9,917 3,084 18,507 21,590 ON137.5 80.4 25 200 83.0 81.0 73.4 73.5 174,960 338,300 137,311 120,734 37,649 217,566 255,215 ON132.5 80.7 83 200 83.0 81.0 73.5 72.6 586,246 1,066,716 456,788 390,113 129,458 676,603 806,061 ON127.5 79.3 172 200 83.0 81.0 73.2 71.6 1,162,858 2,093,584 937,754 786,205 225,104 1,307,379 1,532,483 ON122.5 77.8 259 200 83.0 81.0 73.0 70.7 1,667,131 2,976,428 1,397,817 1,150,416 269,314 1,826,012 2,095,327 ON117.5 77.3 317 200 83.0 81.0 72.9 69.7 2,006,230 3,427,404 1,705,021 1,367,082 301,208 2,060,322 2,361,531 ON112.5 75.8 336 200 83.0 81.0 72.6 68.8 2,017,613 3,404,352 1,788,708 1,405,609 228,905 1,998,743 2,227,648 ON107.5 74.4 170 200 83.0 81.0 72.4 67.8 969,408 1,606,840 896,262 689,207 73,146 917,633 990,779 ON102.5 74.6 89 200 83.0 81.0 72.4 66.9 511,358 780,708 469,873 349,321 41,485 431,387 472,872 ON97.5 72.6 99 200 83.0 81.0 72.1 65.9 526,046 801,108 515,397 375,780 10,649 425,328 435,977 ON92.5 71 48 200 83.0 81.0 71.8 65.0 238,464 355,776 247,069 175,995 -8,605 179,781 171,176 ON87.5 69.4 41 200 83.0 81.0 71.6 64.0 189,518 276,012 208,630 145,032 -19,111 130,980 111,869 ON82.5 69.2 52 200 83.0 81.0 71.5 63.1 238,118 314,704 264,222 177,224 -26,103 137,480 111,377 ON77.5 69.8 12 200 83.0 81.0 71.6 62.1 56,506 64,464 61,239 39,348 -4,733 25,116 20,383 ON72.5 71.3 9 200 83.0 81.0 71.9 61.2 45,295 42,228 46,425 28,348 -1,129 13,880 12,751 ON67.5 71.8 7 200 83.0 81.0 72.0 60.2 35,986 28,084 36,237 21,144 -251 6,940 6,689 ON62.5 73.9 1 200 83.0 81.0 72.3 59.3 5,594 3,332 5,254 2,891 341 441 781 ON

10,445,414 17,608,464 9,185,004 7,234,366 1,260,410 10,374,098 11,634,508

Wheel Area: Wheel Diameter: AHU1-4


Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels

AHU1-5 3100 cfm SA Variable Air Volume EW - Novel Aire - ECW 204 20 inches420 cfm OA (320 exhaust) 2 cfm purge 2.18 Ft^2


midpts Gr/Lb DB

Total Hrs

OA cfm

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu


EW Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu

Sensible OA Load

Savings Btu

Latent OA Load

Savings Btu

Total Savings

Btu

EW On/Off Mod

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

Sensible Load

Savings Btu

Humidifier Savings

Btu


EW % Savings Latent

Humidifier Load Btu

Heating Load Btu

147.5 85 2 420 67.0 76.0 87.9 33,566 62,546 25,429 28,486 8,138 34,061 42,198 ON 24.2 54.5142.5 84.1 7 415 67.0 75.8 86.2 113,260 206,429 87,066 95,254 26,194 111,176 137,370 ON 23.1 53.9137.5 85.1 37 400 67.0 76.1 84.6 593,006 1,001,368 448,527 468,680 144,479 532,688 677,167 ON 24.4 53.2132.5 85.2 112 400 67.0 76.1 82.9 1,799,885 2,878,848 1,359,203 1,368,443 440,681 1,510,405 1,951,087 ON 24.5 52.5127.5 85.3 159 400 67.0 76.1 81.3 2,562,062 3,870,696 1,931,713 1,871,341 630,350 1,999,355 2,629,705 ON 24.6 51.7122.5 83.9 198 385 67.0 75.7 79.6 2,955,590 4,380,176 2,279,591 2,157,431 675,998 2,222,745 2,898,743 ON 22.9 50.7117.5 82.6 239 400 67.0 75.3 78.0 3,572,381 5,168,136 2,817,225 2,598,370 755,156 2,569,766 3,324,922 ON 21.1 49.7112.5 82 271 420 67.0 75.1 76.3 4,179,470 5,766,121 3,331,284 2,965,876 848,187 2,800,245 3,648,432 ON 20.3 48.6107.5 80.6 179 415 67.0 74.7 74.7 2,615,426 3,510,709 2,139,355 1,852,341 476,072 1,658,368 2,134,440 ON 18.2 47.2102.5 80.2 143 385 67.0 74.5 73.0 1,914,593 2,414,712 1,578,171 1,311,058 336,421 1,103,655 1,440,076 ON 17.6 45.797.5 78.5 173 390 67.0 74.0 71.4 2,222,462 2,729,836 1,895,651 1,531,002 326,811 1,198,834 1,525,645 ON 14.7 43.992.5 76.2 115 400 67.0 73.3 69.7 1,400,976 1,704,760 1,257,003 992,202 143,973 712,558 856,531 ON 10.3 41.887.5 74.9 188 400 67.0 72.9 68.1 2,184,710 2,531,232 2,022,197 1,537,660 162,513 993,572 1,156,086 ON 7.4 39.382.5 74.1 119 415 67.0 72.7 66.4 1,392,064 1,494,390 1,314,781 954,395 77,284 539,995 617,279 ON 5.6 36.177.5 73.4 92 390 67.0 72.4 64.8 984,260 963,737 946,827 653,145 37,433 310,592 348,025 ON 3.8 32.272.5 72.9 111 385 67.0 72.3 63.1 1,149,230 1,002,563 1,120,568 729,982 28,662 272,581 301,242 ON 2.5 27.267.5 70.4 85 400 67.0 71.5 61.5 822,528 682,040 863,067 542,626 -40,539 139,414 98,875 ON -4.9 20.462.5 69.7 98 400 67.0 71.3 59.8 918,691 653,072 985,878 581,634 -67,187 71,438 4,251 ON -7.3 10.957.5 66.6 76 420 67.0 70.3 58.2 641,209 423,259 769,658 437,802 -128,449 -14,543 -142,991 OFF52.5 65.7 94 415 67.0 70.0 56.5 745,715 384,639 928,858 491,276 -183,143 -106,638 -289,780 OFF47.5 62.4 69 405 67.0 69.0 54.9 434,601 180,525 634,517 320,574 -199,916 -140,049 -339,965 OFF42.5 60.3 45 385 67.0 68.4 53.2 230,145 53,015 381,199 179,307 -151,054 -126,292 -277,346 OFF37.5 56.9 41 375 67.0 67.3 51.6 147,785 -5,228 320,792 141,874 -173,007 -147,102 -320,109 OFF 5,22832.5 55.8 46 400 67.0 67.0 49.9 155,002 -68,816 377,131 149,143 -222,129 -217,959 -440,088 OFF 68,81627.5 51.6 73 415 67.0 65.7 48.3 117,787 -216,306 578,334 211,568 -460,547 -427,874 -888,421 OFF 216,30622.5 52 33 400 67.0 65.8 46.6 57,024 -139,128 253,757 77,373 -196,733 -216,501 -413,234 OFF 139,12817.5 48 38 420 67.0 64.6 45.0 0 -222,482 285,441 75,644 -285,441 -298,126 -583,568 OFF 222,482 012.5 47.1 17 390 67.0 64.3 43.3 -6,444 -114,964 116,578 23,985 -123,023 -138,949 -261,972 MOD 48.0 14.2 6,444 7,777 114,964 6444.36

33,943,429 42,062,809 28,932,803 23,281,362 5,010,625 18,781,447 23,792,072 6,444 7,777 766,924 6,444



Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels



midpts Gr/Lb DB

Total Hrs

OA cfm

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu


EW Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu

Sensible OA Load

Savings Btu

Load Savings

Btu

Total Savings

Btu

EW On/Off Mod

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

Load Savings

Btu

Humidifier Savings

Btu


EW % Savings Latent

Humidifier Load Btu

Heating Load Btu

147.5 85 2 420 67.0 76.0 87.9 33,566 62,546 25,429 28,486 8,138 34,061 42,198 ON 24.2 54.5142.5 84.1 7 415 67.0 75.8 86.2 113,260 206,429 87,066 95,254 26,194 111,176 137,370 ON 23.1 53.9137.5 85.1 37 400 67.0 76.1 84.6 593,006 1,001,368 448,527 468,680 144,479 532,688 677,167 ON 24.4 53.2132.5 85.2 112 400 67.0 76.1 82.9 1,799,885 2,878,848 1,359,203 1,368,443 440,681 1,510,405 1,951,087 ON 24.5 52.5127.5 85.3 159 400 67.0 76.1 81.3 2,562,062 3,870,696 1,931,713 1,871,341 630,350 1,999,355 2,629,705 ON 24.6 51.7122.5 83.9 198 385 67.0 75.7 79.6 2,955,590 4,380,176 2,279,591 2,157,431 675,998 2,222,745 2,898,743 ON 22.9 50.7117.5 82.6 239 400 67.0 75.3 78.0 3,572,381 5,168,136 2,817,225 2,598,370 755,156 2,569,766 3,324,922 ON 21.1 49.7112.5 82 271 420 67.0 75.1 76.3 4,179,470 5,766,121 3,331,284 2,965,876 848,187 2,800,245 3,648,432 ON 20.3 48.6107.5 80.6 179 415 67.0 74.7 74.7 2,615,426 3,510,709 2,139,355 1,852,341 476,072 1,658,368 2,134,440 ON 18.2 47.2102.5 80.2 143 385 67.0 74.5 73.0 1,914,593 2,414,712 1,578,171 1,311,058 336,421 1,103,655 1,440,076 ON 17.6 45.797.5 78.5 173 390 67.0 74.0 71.4 2,222,462 2,729,836 1,895,651 1,531,002 326,811 1,198,834 1,525,645 ON 14.7 43.992.5 76.2 115 400 67.0 73.3 69.7 1,400,976 1,704,760 1,257,003 992,202 143,973 712,558 856,531 ON 10.3 41.887.5 74.9 188 400 67.0 72.9 68.1 2,184,710 2,531,232 2,022,197 1,537,660 162,513 993,572 1,156,086 ON 7.4 39.382.5 74.1 119 415 67.0 72.7 66.4 1,392,064 1,494,390 1,314,781 954,395 77,284 539,995 617,279 ON 5.6 36.177.5 73.4 92 390 67.0 72.4 64.8 984,260 963,737 946,827 653,145 37,433 310,592 348,025 ON 3.8 32.272.5 72.9 111 385 67.0 72.3 63.1 1,149,230 1,002,563 1,120,568 729,982 28,662 272,581 301,242 ON 2.5 27.267.5 70.4 85 400 67.0 71.5 61.5 822,528 682,040 863,067 542,626 -40,539 139,414 98,875 ON -4.9 20.462.5 69.7 98 400 67.0 71.3 59.8 918,691 653,072 985,878 581,634 -67,187 71,438 4,251 ON -7.3 10.957.5 66.6 76 420 67.0 70.3 58.2 641,209 423,259 769,658 437,802 -128,449 -14,543 -142,991 OFF52.5 65.7 94 415 67.0 70.0 56.5 745,715 384,639 928,858 491,276 -183,143 -106,638 -289,780 OFF47.5 62.4 69 405 67.0 69.0 54.9 434,601 180,525 634,517 320,574 -199,916 -140,049 -339,965 OFF42.5 60.3 45 385 67.0 68.4 53.2 230,145 53,015 381,199 179,307 -151,054 -126,292 -277,346 OFF37.5 56.9 41 375 67.0 67.3 51.6 147,785 -5,228 320,792 141,874 -173,007 -147,102 -320,109 OFF 5,22832.5 55.8 46 400 67.0 67.0 49.9 155,002 -68,816 377,131 149,143 -222,129 -217,959 -440,088 OFF 68,81627.5 51.6 73 415 67.0 65.7 48.3 117,787 -216,306 578,334 211,568 -460,547 -427,874 -888,421 OFF 216,30622.5 52 33 400 67.0 65.8 46.6 57,024 -139,128 253,757 77,373 -196,733 -216,501 -413,234 OFF 139,12817.5 48 38 420 67.0 64.6 45.0 0 -222,482 285,441 75,644 -285,441 -298,126 -583,568 OFF 222,482 012.5 47.1 17 390 67.0 64.3 43.3 -6,444 -114,964 116,578 23,985 -123,023 -138,949 -261,972 MOD 48.0 14.2 6,444 7,777 114,964 6444.36

33,943,429 42,062,809 28,932,803 23,281,362 5,010,625 18,781,447 23,792,072 6,444 7,777 766,924 6,444



Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels


Sept-August Unoccupied Mon-Friday 5pm-7am

midpts Gr/Lb DB

Total Hrs

OA cfm

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu


EW Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu

Sensible OA Load

Savings Btu

Latent OA Load

Savings Btu

Total Savings

Btu

EW On/Off Mod

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

Sensible Load

Savings Btu

Humidifier Savings

Btu


EW % Savings Latent

Humidifier Load Btu

Heating Load Btu

137.5 80.8 19 200 80.0 73.5 74.3 134,611 257,108 104,636 93,799 29,976 163,309 193,284 ON 22.3 63.5132.5 81.8 72 200 80.0 73.7 73.3 525,658 925,344 399,158 345,658 126,500 579,686 706,186 ON 24.1 62.6127.5 79.7 167 200 80.0 73.3 72.3 1,143,482 2,032,724 912,946 779,022 230,536 1,253,702 1,484,239 ON 20.2 61.7122.5 78.3 282 200 80.0 73.1 71.3 1,845,634 3,240,744 1,527,125 1,277,122 318,509 1,963,622 2,282,131 ON 17.3 60.6117.5 77.7 429 200 80.0 73.0 70.3 2,752,121 4,638,348 2,313,727 1,884,511 438,393 2,753,837 3,192,230 ON 15.9 59.4112.5 75.8 493 200 80.0 72.6 69.3 2,960,366 4,995,076 2,624,503 2,098,602 335,863 2,896,474 3,232,337 ON 11.3 58.0107.5 74 287 200 80.0 72.3 68.3 1,611,792 2,712,724 1,508,885 1,182,670 102,907 1,530,054 1,632,961 ON 6.4 56.4102.5 74.1 214 200 80.0 72.4 67.3 1,206,446 1,877,208 1,125,878 852,747 80,568 1,024,461 1,105,029 ON 6.7 54.697.5 72.2 284 200 80.0 72.0 66.3 1,484,525 2,298,128 1,474,342 1,093,059 10,183 1,205,069 1,215,252 ON 0.7 52.492.5 70.8 160 200 80.0 71.8 65.3 787,968 1,185,920 822,390 594,048 -34,422 591,872 557,450 ON -4.4 49.987.5 69.2 266 200 80.0 71.5 64.3 1,218,067 1,790,712 1,351,595 951,429 -133,528 839,283 705,755 ON -11.0 46.982.5 67.5 321 200 80.0 71.2 63.3 1,352,052 1,942,692 1,611,022 1,104,497 -258,970 838,195 579,225 ON -19.2 43.177.5 65.9 258 200 80.0 71.0 62.3 997,531 1,385,976 1,279,682 852,638 -282,151 533,338 251,187 ON -28.3 38.572.5 64.7 172 200 80.0 70.8 61.3 620,438 807,024 845,542 545,034 -225,104 261,990 36,886 ON -36.3 32.567.5 64.4 151 200 80.0 70.7 60.3 534,902 605,812 740,644 457,953 -205,742 147,859 -57,883 OFF62.5 61.3 195 200 80.0 70.2 59.3 560,196 649,740 934,264 564,876 -374,068 84,864 -289,204 OFF57.5 59.8 151 200 80.0 69.9 58.3 384,869 400,452 715,138 416,881 -330,270 -16,429 -346,698 OFF52.5 58.3 166 200 80.0 69.7 57.3 369,317 327,352 777,035 435,717 -407,719 -108,365 -516,083 OFF47.5 55.2 165 200 80.0 69.1 56.3 256,608 213,180 753,572 410,652 -496,964 -197,472 -694,436 OFF42.5 51.8 111 200 80.0 68.6 55.3 91,109 67,932 493,090 261,161 -401,982 -193,229 -595,210 OFF37.5 48.9 105 200 80.0 68.1 54.3 20,412 -7,140 455,256 232,764 -434,844 -239,904 -674,748 OFF 7,14032.5 47.6 89 200 80.0 67.9 53.3 -7,690 -66,572 381,635 185,191 -389,324 -251,763 -641,088 MOD 48.0 32.9 7,690 5,245 66,572 7689.627.5 44.1 104 200 80.0 67.3 52.3 -87,610 -148,512 432,589 202,259 -520,199 -350,771 -870,970 MOD 48.0 32.5 87,610 71,250 148,512 87609.622.5 41.7 58 200 80.0 66.8 51.3 -78,926 -122,264 236,140 104,910 -315,067 -227,174 -542,241 MOD 48.0 32.0 78,926 74,542 122,264 78926.417.5 36.9 25 200 80.0 66.0 50.3 -59,940 -69,700 97,378 41,820 -157,318 -111,520 -268,838 MOD 48.0 36.5 59,940 64,473 69,700 5994012.5 35.1 1 200 80.0 65.7 49.3 -2,786 -3,468 3,829 1,537 -6,615 -5,005 -11,620 MOD 48.0 37.2 2,786 3,363 3,468 2786.4

20,858,105 32,354,196 20,118,844 15,919,303 739,261 16,434,893 17,174,154 2,786 218,872 417,656 236,952



Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels


Sept-April Occupied Mon-Sunday 7am-9pm

midpts Gr/Lb DB

Total Hrs

OA cfm

Sensible Eff

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu


Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu


Btu

Latent OA Load

Savings Btu

Total Savings

Btu

EW On/Off Mod

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

Sensible Load

Savings Btu

Humidifier Savings

Btu


EW % Savings Latent

Humidifier Load Btu

Heating Load Btu

137.5 87.1 1 2000 66.0 65.0 77.1 86.2 84,456 135,320 62,929 65,484 21,527 69,836 91,363 ON 25.5 51.6132.5 84 28 2000 66.0 65.0 76.1 84.4 2,177,280 3,598,560 1,698,278 1,766,912 479,002 1,831,648 2,310,650 ON 22.0 50.9127.5 83.2 52 2000 66.0 65.0 75.8 82.7 3,953,664 6,329,440 3,123,395 3,157,648 830,269 3,171,792 4,002,061 ON 21.0 50.1122.5 81.9 94 1800 66.0 65.0 75.4 80.9 6,194,750 9,722,232 5,000,753 4,935,902 1,193,997 4,786,330 5,980,327 ON 19.3 49.2117.5 80.6 168 1900 66.0 65.0 74.9 79.2 11,238,394 17,255,952 9,281,672 8,931,854 1,956,722 8,324,098 10,280,819 ON 17.4 48.2112.5 79.4 185 1650 66.0 65.0 74.5 77.4 10,351,638 15,463,965 8,741,530 8,178,258 1,610,108 7,285,707 8,895,815 ON 15.6 47.1107.5 77.2 145 1800 66.0 65.0 73.8 75.7 8,230,896 12,334,860 7,263,484 6,682,122 967,412 5,652,738 6,620,150 ON 11.8 45.8102.5 77.3 147 1700 66.0 65.0 73.8 73.9 7,907,836 10,960,614 6,963,753 6,100,559 944,082 4,860,055 5,804,137 ON 11.9 44.397.5 76.8 219 1665 66.0 65.0 73.6 72.2 11,341,607 14,753,132 10,094,030 8,467,554 1,247,577 6,285,578 7,533,155 ON 11.0 42.692.5 75.6 173 1775 66.0 65.0 73.2 70.4 9,153,292 11,380,200 8,365,313 6,765,476 787,979 4,614,723 5,402,702 ON 8.6 40.687.5 73.9 284 1880 66.0 65.0 72.6 68.7 14,934,810 17,971,747 14,211,712 11,127,961 723,099 6,843,787 7,566,885 ON 4.8 38.182.5 72.4 239 1900 66.0 65.0 72.1 66.9 11,966,443 13,741,066 11,836,970 8,923,973 129,473 4,817,093 4,946,566 ON 1.1 35.177.5 72.8 185 1885 66.0 65.0 72.3 65.2 9,340,250 9,366,754 9,141,393 6,438,161 198,857 2,928,593 3,127,449 ON 2.1 31.372.5 71.8 225 1600 66.0 65.0 71.9 63.4 9,253,440 8,445,600 9,304,762 6,217,920 -51,322 2,227,680 2,176,358 ON -0.6 26.467.5 68.9 184 1700 66.0 65.0 70.9 61.7 7,060,522 6,274,768 7,751,710 5,030,450 -691,188 1,244,318 553,130 ON -9.8 19.862.5 68.5 193 1900 66.0 65.0 70.8 59.9 8,118,738 6,109,222 9,033,581 5,460,896 -914,843 648,326 -266,518 OFF57.5 66.9 204 1800 66.0 65.0 70.3 58.2 7,495,286 4,869,072 8,830,161 5,031,374 -1,334,875 -162,302 -1,497,177 OFF52.5 64.7 173 1600 66.0 65.0 69.5 56.4 4,992,365 2,729,248 6,432,677 3,463,322 -1,440,312 -734,074 -2,174,386 OFF47.5 62.7 182 1600 66.0 65.0 68.8 54.7 4,623,091 1,881,152 6,553,468 3,296,966 -1,930,376 -1,415,814 -3,346,191 OFF42.5 58.8 121 1885 66.0 65.0 67.5 52.9 2,660,383 697,940 4,806,426 2,310,957 -2,146,043 -1,613,017 -3,759,060 OFF37.5 54.9 90 1900 66.0 65.0 66.2 51.2 1,274,292 -58,140 3,358,590 1,529,082 -2,084,298 -1,587,222 -3,671,520 OFF 58,14032.5 54.2 79 1880 66.0 65.0 65.9 49.4 994,490 -555,465 2,878,888 1,151,327 -1,884,398 -1,706,792 -3,591,190 OFF 555,46527.5 50 129 1700 66.0 65.0 64.5 47.7 473,688 -1,565,802 3,912,663 1,439,047 -3,438,975 -3,004,849 -6,443,823 OFF 1,565,80222.5 51 67 1665 66.0 65.0 64.9 45.9 361,438 -1,175,790 2,031,283 599,273 -1,669,844 -1,775,063 -3,444,908 OFF 1,175,79017.5 47.7 46 1450 66.0 65.0 63.7 44.2 -21,611 -929,798 1,133,703 278,939 -1,155,313 -1,208,737 -2,364,051 MOD 48.0 18.0 21,611 23,245 929,798 21610.812.5 47.1 17 1600 66.0 65.0 63.5 42.4 -26,438 -471,648 456,327 81,382 -482,765 -553,030 -1,035,796 MOD 48.0 14.2 26,438 31,906 471,648 26438.4

154,183,050 174,020,843 143,835,456 109,076,868 10,347,594 64,943,975 75,291,569 48,049 55,151 4,756,643 48,049



Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels



midpts Gr/Lb DB

Total Hrs

OA cfm

Sensible Eff

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu


Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu


Btu

Latent OA Load

Savings Btu

Total Savings

Btu

EW On/Off Mod

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

Sensible Load

Savings Btu

Humidifier Savings

Btu


EW % Savings Latent

Humidifier Load Btu

Heating Load Btu

127.5 78.1 7 700 87.0 82.0 72.8 70.9 159,289 298,214 131,205 109,689 28,085 188,525 216,609 ON 17.6 63.2122.5 77.6 25 700 87.0 82.0 72.7 70.0 559,440 1,005,550 467,359 381,038 92,081 624,512 716,593 ON 16.5 62.1117.5 76.1 79 700 87.0 82.0 72.5 69.1 1,678,244 2,989,518 1,465,209 1,170,236 213,036 1,819,282 2,032,317 ON 12.7 60.9112.5 74.4 120 700 87.0 82.0 72.3 68.2 2,395,008 4,255,440 2,205,585 1,726,166 189,423 2,529,274 2,718,697 ON 7.9 59.4107.5 72.4 99 700 87.0 82.0 72.1 67.3 1,826,194 3,275,118 1,800,148 1,381,676 26,046 1,893,442 1,919,488 ON 1.4 57.8102.5 71.9 84 700 87.0 82.0 72.0 66.4 1,517,746 2,578,968 1,523,270 1,136,345 -5,525 1,442,623 1,437,098 ON -0.4 55.997.5 70 126 700 87.0 82.0 71.7 65.5 2,095,632 3,568,572 2,261,377 1,650,540 -165,745 1,918,032 1,752,287 ON -7.9 53.792.5 69.2 78 700 87.0 82.0 71.6 64.6 1,250,122 2,023,476 1,393,768 988,347 -143,646 1,035,129 891,483 ON -11.5 51.287.5 67.6 157 700 87.0 82.0 71.4 63.7 2,326,363 3,699,234 2,780,716 1,922,107 -454,353 1,777,127 1,322,774 ON -19.5 48.082.5 65.8 185 700 87.0 82.0 71.2 62.8 2,489,508 3,918,670 3,243,913 2,185,649 -754,405 1,733,021 978,616 ON -30.3 44.277.5 64.5 191 700 87.0 82.0 71.0 61.9 2,382,534 3,591,182 3,324,718 2,174,711 -942,184 1,416,471 474,287 ON -39.5 39.472.5 62.8 107 700 87.0 82.0 70.8 61.0 1,197,202 1,757,154 1,844,661 1,172,455 -647,460 584,699 -62,760 OFF67.5 61.9 88 700 87.0 82.0 70.7 60.1 924,739 1,235,696 1,509,321 926,563 -584,582 309,133 -275,448 OFF62.5 59.8 150 700 87.0 82.0 70.4 59.2 1,338,120 1,749,300 2,541,748 1,515,108 -1,203,628 234,192 -969,436 OFF57.5 57.8 105 700 87.0 82.0 70.2 58.3 777,924 974,610 1,758,585 1,015,594 -980,661 -40,984 -1,021,644 OFF52.5 55.8 114 700 87.0 82.0 69.9 57.4 672,235 786,828 1,886,912 1,053,807 -1,214,677 -266,979 -1,481,656 OFF47.5 52.7 114 700 87.0 82.0 69.5 56.5 405,065 515,508 1,852,180 1,004,969 -1,447,116 -489,461 -1,936,577 OFF42.5 50.1 80 700 87.0 82.0 69.2 55.6 127,008 171,360 1,279,333 670,970 -1,152,325 -499,610 -1,651,935 OFF37.5 48 76 700 87.0 82.0 68.9 54.7 0 -18,088 1,199,681 604,863 -1,199,681 -622,951 -1,822,632 OFF 18,088 032.5 45.8 65 700 87.0 82.0 68.6 53.8 -108,108 -170,170 1,011,989 489,471 -1,120,097 -659,641 -1,779,738 MOD 48.0 34.9 108,108 73,740 170,170 10810827.5 42.8 69 700 87.0 82.0 68.2 52.9 -271,253 -344,862 1,053,921 490,032 -1,325,174 -834,894 -2,160,069 MOD 48.0 34.2 271,253 220,602 344,862 271252.822.5 28.9 39 700 87.0 82.0 66.4 52.0 -563,144 -287,742 542,417 260,267 -1,105,562 -548,009 -1,653,571 MOD 48.0 38.0 563,144 287,742 287,742 563144.417.5 36 19 700 87.0 82.0 67.3 51.1 -172,368 -185,402 277,512 118,657 -449,880 -304,059 -753,940 MOD 48.0 38.0 172,368 185,402 185,402 17236812.5 35.1 1 700 87.0 82.0 67.2 50.2 -9,752 -12,138 14,517 5,817 -24,270 -17,955 -42,225 MOD 48.0 37.2 9,752 11,769 12,138 9752.4

24,122,372 38,394,398 26,039,560 22,016,961 -1,917,188 16,377,437 14,460,249 1,124,626 779,256 1,018,402 1124626



Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels


May-August Occupied Mon-Sunday 9am-6pm

midpts Gr/Lb DB

Total Hrs

OA cfm

Sensible Eff

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu


Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu


Btu

Latent OA Load

Savings Btu

Total Savings

Btu

EW On/Off Mod

147.5 85 2 1380 87.0 82.0 73.7 74.5 110,290 205,510 76,577 68,541 33,713 136,969 170,682 ON142.5 84.8 11 1380 87.0 82.0 73.7 73.6 603,314 1,078,691 420,746 367,684 182,568 711,007 893,575 ON137.5 86.3 59 1380 87.0 82.0 73.9 72.7 3,367,857 5,508,877 2,273,875 1,922,294 1,093,982 3,586,584 4,680,565 ON132.5 86.6 150 1280 87.0 82.0 73.9 71.8 8,004,096 12,337,920 5,370,209 4,415,539 2,633,887 7,922,381 10,556,268 ON127.5 86.4 176 1280 87.0 82.0 73.9 70.9 9,342,812 13,710,541 6,294,720 5,043,028 3,048,092 8,667,513 11,715,605 ON122.5 86.1 183 1300 87.0 82.0 73.8 70.0 9,789,109 13,669,734 6,637,324 5,179,939 3,151,785 8,489,795 11,641,579 ON117.5 85.5 166 1300 87.0 82.0 73.8 69.1 8,739,900 11,666,148 6,002,563 4,566,673 2,737,337 7,099,475 9,836,811 ON112.5 84.4 169 1360 87.0 82.0 73.6 68.2 9,035,470 11,643,694 6,357,595 4,723,120 2,677,875 6,920,574 9,598,449 ON107.5 86.7 76 1300 87.0 82.0 73.9 67.3 4,129,445 4,669,288 2,764,807 1,969,835 1,364,637 2,699,453 4,064,091 ON102.5 85.3 66 1290 87.0 82.0 73.7 66.4 3,429,780 3,734,240 2,365,812 1,645,382 1,063,967 2,088,859 3,152,826 ON97.5 83.9 70 1280 87.0 82.0 73.5 65.5 3,473,971 3,625,216 2,472,132 1,676,739 1,001,839 1,948,477 2,950,317 ON92.5 83.1 25 1250 87.0 82.0 73.4 64.6 1,184,625 1,158,125 858,701 565,675 325,924 592,450 918,374 ON87.5 82.5 33 1100 87.0 82.0 73.4 63.7 1,352,538 1,221,858 994,409 634,872 358,129 586,986 945,114 ON82.5 82.3 29 1260 87.0 82.0 73.3 62.8 1,353,588 1,105,700 999,958 616,708 353,630 488,993 842,623 ON77.5 80.3 8 1100 87.0 82.0 73.1 61.9 306,979 236,368 238,351 143,137 68,628 93,231 161,859 ON72.5 82.9 2 1300 87.0 82.0 73.4 61.0 97,999 60,996 71,371 40,699 26,628 20,297 46,925 ON67.5 80.7 3 1200 87.0 82.0 73.1 60.1 127,138 72,216 97,709 54,150 29,428 18,066 47,495 ON62.5 82.9 2 1150 87.0 82.0 73.4 59.2 86,692 38,318 63,136 33,188 23,556 5,130 28,686 ON

64,535,602 85,743,441 44,359,997 33,667,203 20,175,605 52,076,238 72,251,843



Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels


May-August UoccupiedMon-Sunday 6pm-9am

midpts Gr/Lb DB

Total Hrs

OA cfm

Sensible Eff

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu


Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu


Btu

Latent OA Load

Savings Btu

Total Savings

Btu

EW On/Off Mod

142.5 80.6 2 700 87.0 82.0 73.1 73.6 49,291 99,484 37,978 33,910 11,313 65,574 76,887 ON137.5 80.4 25 700 87.0 82.0 73.1 72.7 612,360 1,184,050 474,239 413,168 138,121 770,882 909,003 ON132.5 80.7 83 700 87.0 82.0 73.1 71.8 2,051,860 3,733,506 1,576,920 1,336,161 474,940 2,397,345 2,872,285 ON127.5 79.3 172 700 87.0 82.0 72.9 70.9 4,070,002 7,327,544 3,244,168 2,695,226 825,833 4,632,318 5,458,151 ON122.5 77.8 259 700 87.0 82.0 72.8 70.0 5,834,959 10,417,498 4,846,932 3,947,554 988,027 6,469,944 7,457,971 ON117.5 77.3 317 700 87.0 82.0 72.7 69.1 7,021,804 11,995,914 5,916,768 4,695,759 1,105,035 7,300,155 8,405,190 ON112.5 75.8 336 700 87.0 82.0 72.5 68.2 7,061,645 11,915,232 6,221,868 4,833,266 839,777 7,081,966 7,921,743 ON107.5 74.4 170 700 87.0 82.0 72.3 67.3 3,392,928 5,623,940 3,124,578 2,372,574 268,350 3,251,366 3,519,715 ON102.5 74.6 89 700 87.0 82.0 72.3 66.4 1,789,754 2,732,478 1,637,558 1,203,985 152,196 1,528,493 1,680,690 ON97.5 72.6 99 700 87.0 82.0 72.1 65.5 1,841,162 2,803,878 1,802,094 1,296,852 39,069 1,507,026 1,546,094 ON92.5 71 48 700 87.0 82.0 71.9 64.6 834,624 1,245,216 866,195 608,214 -31,571 637,002 605,432 ON87.5 69.4 41 700 87.0 82.0 71.7 63.7 663,314 966,042 733,427 501,952 -70,113 464,090 393,978 ON82.5 69.2 52 700 87.0 82.0 71.6 62.8 833,414 1,101,464 929,178 614,345 -95,764 487,119 391,355 ON77.5 69.8 12 700 87.0 82.0 71.7 61.9 197,770 225,624 215,133 136,631 -17,364 88,993 71,629 ON72.5 71.3 9 700 87.0 82.0 71.9 61.0 158,533 147,798 162,677 98,618 -4,144 49,180 45,037 ON67.5 71.8 7 700 87.0 82.0 72.0 60.1 125,950 98,294 126,870 73,704 -921 24,590 23,669 ON62.5 73.9 1 700 87.0 82.0 72.2 59.2 19,580 11,662 18,331 10,101 1,250 1,561 2,811 ON

36,558,950 61,629,624 31,916,585 24,872,019 4,642,365 36,757,605 41,381,640



Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels

AHU2-2 10000 cfm SA Variable Air Volume 72 inches7600 cfm OA (4500 exhaust) 28.3 Ft^2


midpts Gr/Lb DB

Total Hrs

OA cfm

Sensible Eff

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

OA Sensible CC Load

Btu

OA Latent CC Load

Btu


Btu

Latent OA Load w/EW

Btu

Sensible OA Load

Savings Btu

Latent OA Load

Savings Btu

Total Savings

Btu

EW On/Off Mod

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

Sensible Load

Savings Btu

Humidifier Savings

Btu


EW % Savings Latent

Humidifier Load Btu

Heating Load Btu

147.5 85 2 7500 65.0 63.0 76.6 91.4 599,400 1,116,900 462,510 544,986 136,890 571,914 708,804 ON 22.8 51.2142.5 84.1 7 7400 65.0 63.0 76.2 89.6 2,019,578 3,680,908 1,579,579 1,816,854 440,000 1,864,054 2,304,054 ON 21.8 50.6137.5 85.1 37 6000 65.0 63.0 76.6 87.7 8,895,096 15,020,520 6,853,540 7,507,241 2,041,556 7,513,279 9,554,836 ON 23.0 50.0132.5 85.2 112 6500 65.0 63.0 76.6 85.9 29,248,128 46,781,280 22,502,189 23,702,515 6,745,939 23,078,765 29,824,704 ON 23.1 49.3127.5 85.3 159 5500 65.0 63.0 76.7 84.0 35,228,358 53,222,070 27,063,501 27,372,200 8,164,857 25,849,870 34,014,727 ON 23.2 48.6122.5 83.9 198 4500 65.0 63.0 76.2 82.2 34,545,852 51,196,860 27,102,616 26,767,778 7,443,236 24,429,082 31,872,317 ON 21.5 47.7117.5 82.6 239 5000 65.0 63.0 75.7 80.3 44,654,760 64,601,700 35,762,526 34,397,358 8,892,234 30,204,342 39,096,576 ON 19.9 46.8112.5 82 271 5300 65.0 63.0 75.5 78.5 52,740,936 72,762,958 42,658,110 39,536,168 10,082,826 33,226,790 43,309,616 ON 19.1 45.7107.5 80.6 179 5500 65.0 63.0 75.0 76.6 34,662,276 46,527,470 28,718,653 25,861,240 5,943,623 20,666,230 26,609,854 ON 17.1 44.4102.5 80.2 143 5000 65.0 63.0 74.9 74.8 24,864,840 31,359,900 20,749,014 17,882,436 4,115,826 13,477,464 17,593,290 ON 16.6 43.097.5 78.5 173 4500 65.0 63.0 74.3 72.9 25,643,790 31,498,110 22,091,495 18,491,243 3,552,296 13,006,867 16,559,162 ON 13.9 41.392.5 76.2 115 4200 65.0 63.0 73.5 71.1 14,710,248 17,899,980 13,286,171 10,864,795 1,424,077 7,035,185 8,459,262 ON 9.7 39.387.5 74.9 188 4200 65.0 63.0 73.0 69.2 22,939,459 26,577,936 21,331,992 16,768,261 1,607,468 9,809,675 11,417,142 ON 7.0 36.982.5 74.1 119 4300 65.0 63.0 72.7 67.4 14,423,800 15,484,042 13,669,451 10,222,947 754,348 5,261,095 6,015,443 ON 5.2 34.077.5 73.4 92 4300 65.0 63.0 72.5 65.5 10,852,099 10,625,816 10,463,304 7,405,790 388,796 3,220,026 3,608,821 ON 3.6 30.372.5 72.9 111 4200 65.0 63.0 72.3 63.7 12,537,050 10,937,052 12,242,505 8,140,971 294,545 2,796,081 3,090,626 OFF67.5 70.4 85 4500 65.0 63.0 71.4 61.8 9,253,440 7,672,950 9,683,064 6,198,183 -429,624 1,474,767 1,045,143 OFF62.5 69.7 98 4600 65.0 63.0 71.2 60.0 10,564,949 7,510,328 11,292,810 6,737,837 -727,862 772,491 44,629 OFF57.5 66.6 76 4500 65.0 63.0 70.1 58.1 6,870,096 4,534,920 8,166,550 4,681,433 -1,296,454 -146,513 -1,442,966 OFF52.5 65.7 94 4600 65.0 63.0 69.8 56.3 8,265,758 4,263,464 10,178,091 5,374,905 -1,912,332 -1,111,441 -3,023,773 OFF47.5 62.4 69 4230 65.0 63.0 68.6 54.4 4,539,162 1,885,480 6,506,133 3,260,888 -1,966,970 -1,375,408 -3,342,378 OFF42.5 60.3 45 4560 65.0 63.0 67.9 52.6 2,725,877 627,912 4,411,266 2,034,435 -1,685,390 -1,406,523 -3,091,913 OFF37.5 56.9 41 4325 65.0 63.0 66.7 50.7 1,704,448 -60,291 3,584,128 1,534,996 -1,879,680 -1,595,287 -3,474,967 OFF 60,29132.5 55.8 46 4500 65.0 63.0 66.3 48.9 1,743,768 -774,180 4,097,855 1,531,469 -2,354,087 -2,305,649 -4,659,736 OFF 774,18027.5 51.6 73 4600 65.0 63.0 64.9 47.0 1,305,590 -2,397,612 6,114,515 2,061,946 -4,808,925 -4,459,558 -9,268,483 MOD 2,397,61222.5 52 33 5000 65.0 63.0 65.0 45.2 712,800 -1,739,100 3,029,400 805,596 -2,316,600 -2,544,696 -4,861,296 MOD 1,739,10017.5 48 38 4000 65.0 63.0 63.6 43.3 0 -2,118,880 2,560,896 550,909 -2,560,896 -2,669,789 -5,230,685 MOD 48.0 17.5 0 0 4,971,183 012.5 47.1 17 5000 65.0 63.0 63.3 41.5 -82,620 -1,473,900 1,403,163 201,144 -1,485,783 -1,675,044 -3,160,827 MOD 48.0 14.2 82,620 99,705 9,942,365 82620

416,251,559 525,788,556 354,906,384 306,573,920 61,733,971 219,214,636 280,948,607 82,620 99,705 19,884,730 82620



Sarasota, FL



Enthalpy Wheels

880 cfm SA Constant Volume EW - Novel Aire - ECW 244 24 inches540 cfm OA (440 exhaust) 4 cfm purge 3.14 Ft^2

Sept-August Occupied Mon-Sunday Allmidpts Gr/Lb DB

Total Hrs

OA cfm

Sensible Eff

Latent Eff

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

Sensible CC Load

CC Load Btu

Load with EW Btu

Load w/EW Btu

Load Savings Btu

Load Savings

Savings Btu

On/Off Mod

Leaving DB

Leaving Gr/lb

Load Savings

Savings Btu

Savings Sensible

Savings Latent

Humidifier Load Btu

Heating Load Btu

147.5 85 2 540 83.0 80.0 74.2 76.3 43,157 80,417 30,571 28,128 12,585 52,289 64,875 ON 29.2 65.0142.5 84.1 13 540 83.0 80.0 74.1 75.3 273,696 498,841 197,554 178,055 76,142 320,786 396,928 ON 27.8 64.3137.5 84.6 85 400 83.0 80.0 74.1 74.3 1,343,952 2,300,440 959,934 839,256 384,018 1,461,184 1,845,202 ON 28.6 63.5132.5 84.5 261 320 83.0 80.0 74.1 73.3 3,292,358 5,366,995 2,356,517 2,004,814 935,842 3,362,181 4,298,023 ON 28.4 62.6127.5 82.9 407 200 83.0 80.0 73.9 72.3 3,068,129 4,954,004 2,272,789 1,898,574 795,340 3,055,430 3,850,770 ON 25.9 61.7122.5 81.2 561 200 83.0 80.0 73.6 71.3 4,023,043 6,447,012 3,097,743 2,540,657 925,300 3,906,355 4,831,655 ON 23.0 60.6117.5 79.8 730 300 83.0 80.0 73.3 70.3 7,521,336 11,839,140 5,990,106 4,810,116 1,531,230 7,029,024 8,560,254 ON 20.4 59.4112.5 78.2 810 250 83.0 80.0 73.1 69.3 6,604,740 10,258,650 5,479,310 4,310,010 1,125,430 5,948,640 7,074,070 ON 17.0 58.0107.5 76.7 490 150 83.0 80.0 72.8 68.3 2,278,206 3,473,610 1,968,545 1,514,394 309,661 1,959,216 2,268,877 ON 13.6 56.4102.5 76.9 386 175 83.0 80.0 72.8 67.3 2,108,371 2,962,743 1,811,667 1,345,866 296,704 1,616,877 1,913,581 ON 14.1 54.697.5 75.3 514 150 83.0 80.0 72.6 66.3 2,273,216 3,119,466 2,045,145 1,483,712 228,071 1,635,754 1,863,825 ON 10.0 52.492.5 73.9 324 160 83.0 80.0 72.3 65.3 1,450,068 1,921,190 1,361,777 962,358 88,292 958,833 1,047,124 ON 6.1 49.987.5 72.1 515 200 83.0 80.0 72.0 64.3 2,680,884 3,466,980 2,671,651 1,842,052 9,233 1,624,928 1,634,161 ON 0.3 46.982.5 70.2 505 150 83.0 80.0 71.7 63.3 1,816,182 2,292,195 1,938,406 1,303,203 -122,224 988,992 866,768 ON -6.7 43.177.5 68.9 396 120 83.0 80.0 71.5 62.3 1,072,621 1,276,387 1,204,672 785,220 -132,050 491,167 359,116 ON -12.3 38.572.5 69.1 343 130 83.0 80.0 71.5 61.3 1,016,117 1,046,081 1,132,031 706,484 -115,914 339,597 223,683 ON -11.4 32.567.5 66.9 282 140 83.0 80.0 71.1 60.3 805,866 791,969 986,354 598,675 -180,488 193,294 12,806 ON -22.4 24.462.5 64.9 346 200 83.0 80.0 70.8 59.3 1,263,038 1,152,872 1,703,458 1,002,293 -440,419 150,579 -289,840 OFF57.5 63.8 309 120 83.0 80.0 70.6 58.3 632,733 491,681 905,289 511,852 -272,556 -20,172 -292,727 OFF52.5 61.2 287 130 83.0 80.0 70.2 57.3 531,891 367,877 893,094 489,656 -361,203 -121,780 -482,982 OFF47.5 58.9 296 140 83.0 80.0 69.8 56.3 487,832 267,702 974,455 515,679 -486,623 -247,977 -734,600 OFF42.5 55.3 201 100 83.0 80.0 69.2 55.3 158,468 61,506 459,363 236,456 -300,895 -174,950 -475,845 OFF37.5 51.7 166 100 83.0 80.0 68.5 54.3 66,334 -5,644 368,402 183,994 -302,069 -189,638 -491,707 OFF 5,64432.5 50.4 144 100 83.0 80.0 68.3 53.3 37,325 -53,856 316,141 149,818 -278,816 -203,674 -482,490 OFF 53,85627.5 47.5 198 100 83.0 80.0 67.8 52.3 -10,692 -141,372 424,152 192,535 -434,844 -333,907 -768,751 MOD 48.0 28.1 10,692 8,695 141,372 1069222.5 46.5 106 100 83.0 80.0 67.7 51.3 -17,172 -111,724 225,125 95,866 -242,297 -207,590 -449,887 MOD 48.0 24.8 17,172 16,218 111,724 1717217.5 44.3 65 100 83.0 80.0 67.3 50.3 -25,974 -90,610 135,423 54,366 -161,397 -144,976 -306,373 MOD 48.0 23.8 25,974 27,938 90,610 2597412.5 46.5 18 100 83.0 80.0 67.7 49.3 -2,916 -31,212 38,229 13,831 -41,145 -45,043 -86,188 MOD 48.0 15.4 2,916 3,519 31,212 2916

44,849,564 64,437,759 38,501,905 29,493,212 6,167,171 34,944,547 40,637,110 56,754 56,371 434,418 56754


AHU2-2


Sarasota, FL

ENERGY CONSERVATION WHEELENERGY CONSERVATION WHEEL04

Energy Efficient VentilationThe NovelAire Technologies Energy Conservation Wheel(ECW) is a rotary counter flow air-to-air exchanger designed toprovide maximum energy efficiency in ventilated systems whereheated or cooled air is exhausted and outdoor air is introduced asmakeup. In applications where ventilation is required, energywheels are used to reduce the initial investment in HVAC equip-ment and to minimize operating costs. Since HVAC equipmentis typically the largest single source of energy consumption inresidential and commercial buildings, ECW investments are eco-nomically justified on most new and retrofit HVAC systems with15% or more outdoor air makeup. In new HVAC installations,ECWs also allow ventilated systems to be sized with smallercompressors, condensers, and other DX components, loweringthe first cost of the HVAC package.

➣ Improves indoor air quality

➣ Reduces the ventilation energy penalty

➣ Transfers both latent and sensible energy

➣ Lowers operating costs

➣ Lowers first costs on new installations

➣ Both winter and summer energy savings

Improve Indoor Air QualityVentilation accomplishes several objectives: (1) It purges theconditioned space of unwanted pollutants such as organic vapors,dust, radon, etc. and, (2) It purges the space of unwanted prod-ucts of human activity such as tobacco smoke, carbon dioxide,bacteria, and germs.

Poor indoor air quality has been directly associated with the “sickbuilding syndrome”, a condition that can result in high illnessrates, absenteeism, and productivity decreases. Consequently,design engineers are becoming increasingly aware of the need todesign proper air quality into HVAC systems.

The ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 (Ventilation for AcceptableIndoor Air Quality), describes a recommended target ratio ofmakeup air to return air for a variety of application and buildingtypes. Building codes in the U.S. and abroad are becomingincreasingly more comprehensive in addressing ventilationrequirements. Architects and engineers are, with increasing fre-quency, including greater amounts of fresh air makeup in theirHVAC systems, and are doing so without a significant energypenalty by including exhaust air energy recovery.

The NovelAire ECW is designed to provide for all season venti-lation, providing acceptable IAQ year-round, normally withoutthe expense of additional HVAC-direct expansion capacity andwith minimal extra energy costs.

TO SPACE/EQUIPMENTMAKE-UP AIR INLET

EXHAUST AIR INLETTO OUTSIDE

WARM AIR/SUMMER

COOL AIR/WINTER

WARM AIR/SUMMER

COOL AIR/WINTER

COOL AIR/SUMMER

WARM AIR/WINTER

COOL AIR/SUMMER

WARM AIR/ WINTER

NovelAire TechnologiesEnergy Conservation Wheel

ECW Features and BenefitsNovelAire ECWs are constructed of our unique corrugatedsynthetic fiber-based media impregnated with a non-migrat-ing water selective molecular sieve desiccant. The fiber anddesiccant, intimately bound together in our process, formsheets with excellent heat and mass transfer properties whichare corrugated and spirally wound into wheels. Unlike othermedia, the desiccant is uniformly and permanently dispersedthroughout the matrix structure in contrast to being coated,bonded, or synthesized onto the matrix, and thus is not sus-ceptible to delamination or erosion of the desiccant material.

➣ Homogenous media- not coated or bonded will not delaminate

➣ Synthetic wheel media is completely corrosion resistant

➣ Synthetic wheel media maximizes desiccant loading

➣ Unitary wheel construction maximizes face flatness

➣ Fluted geometry minimizes internal cross leakage

➣ Molecular sieve desiccant reduces cross contamination

➣ Wheel is completely water washable

➣ ECWs offered in 4” or 6” deep wheels for single unit airvolumes of 500-45,000 cfm.

➣ Tough wheel face resists damage

ECW Cassettes➣ Heavy duty galvanized steel construction with

removable side panels

➣ No-maintenance bearings standard on small cassettes

➣ Flanged outboard bearings used on larger cassettes

➣ Full contact brush seals minimizes leakage

➣ Adjustable purge section reduces cross contamination

➣ AC drive motor with Power Twist link belt

➣ Optional variable speed drive motor available

Note: detailed ECW wheel and cassette specifications andsoftware selection programs are available for download atwww.novelaire.com

Performance Certification NovelAire ECWs are UL tested and are a UL recognizedcomponent for heat recovery ventilators and other HVACequipment.

NovelAire ECWs are ARI certified using the 84-1991ASHRAE standard (Method of Testing rotary Air-to-AirHeat Exchangers) and ARI Standard 1060 (RatingAir-to-Air Energy Recovery Equipment).

Frost ProtectionDuring extremely cold winter time conditions, frost forma-tion becomes a possibility in the exhaust air stream. Frostformation on the wheel will basically act to plug or reduceair flow but will not hurt the wheel itself.

In practice several types of frost prevention are employed;heating return air, heating outdoor air, variable speed con-trol, and air bypass. NovelAire generally recommends pre-heating outdoor air to keep exhaust air from freezing. Wheelspeed control works to limit frost formation by reducingwheel performance to a level where the exhaust air tempera-ture is kept above the dew point.

ECW SelectionNovelAire offers a software selection program available bydownload at its website www.novelaire.com. The followingexample shows the basic concepts for selecting ECWs for abalanced system (Air Ratio = 1.0). For calculations usingunbalanced Air Ratios (>1.0), please refer to our softwareprogram or contact the factory for assistance.

I. Example:Design parameters: outdoor: 4500 cfm, 95˚F dry bulb, 75° wet bulb,99 grains (0.0142lbmoisture/lbdry air)

return: 4500 cfm, 75˚F dry bulb, 62.5° wet bulb, 64 grains(0.00914lbmoisture/lbdry air)

Air Ratio (A.R.): 1.0, balanced flow.

A selection can be made as follows:

Size Determination:If unit size is a limitation in your package, first refer to theEngineering Detail Table at the back of the brochure to identify theappropriate cassette size for your application.

For the purpose of this example, let’s assume that you choose anECW544. At 4,500 cfm, from the plot featuring the model numbers,going down vertically along the line of constant face velocity yieldsresulting pressure drop (here: .96 inches of water). Since both sup-ply and return flows are equal, refer to the plot immediately abovethe model number plot along the same face velocity vertical line toread directly the latent, total and sensible effectivenesses for themodel wanted. In the present case:

latent effectiveness: 71.5%total effectiveness: 73.5%sensible effectiveness: 75.2%

II. Exact Determination of Supply andExhaust Air Conditions:This section shows how a detailed picture of all incoming andoutgoing flows can be derived from the examples above. Theeffectivenesses shown in our plots are accurately described by thefollowing equations:

Where:

� = sensible, latent, or total heat effectiveness;X = dry bulb temperature for sensible effectiveness, humidity ratio

for latent effectiveness, total enthalpy for total effectiveness;= mass flow rate of the exhaust, mass of dry air per unit time;= mass flow rate of the supply, mass of dry air per unit time;= minimum value of either mass flow rate;

Going back to the above Example, we can calculate the supply airconditions. The dry bulb temperature is assessed by using the sensibleeffectiveness:

Similarly, the humidity of the supply air flow is calculated using thelatent effectiveness:

The supply conditions are therefore completely defined as:

Dry bulb temperature: 80.0˚F

Humidity: 74 grains of moisture per pound of dry air

m•s

minm•=T2

�(T – T ) + T3 1 1

0.752 (75 – 95) + 9545004500

=

= 80.0

m•s

minm•=W2

�(W – W ) + W3 1 1

= 74.0

0.715 (64 – 99) + 99.445004500

=

Outdoor Air (1)

Exhaust Air (4)

Supply Air (2)

Purge Section

Return Air (3)

� = m X – Xm X – X

•

•4

3

3

1

e

min

� = m X – Xm X – X

•

•1

3

2

1

s

min

ECW Selection and Calculations

m•e

m•s

m•min

A.R.=1

ECW324

ECW364

ECW424

ECW484

ECW544

ECW604

ECW664

1.1

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

Latent

Total

Sensible

ECW784

A.R.=1

ECW486

ECW606

ECW726

ECW846

ECW966

ECW1086

ECW1206

Latent

Total

Sensible

1.1

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

4” Depth 6” Depth

Pressure Drop (Inches of water)

Flow Rate (scfm)

Effectiveness (%) Effectiveness (%)

Flow Rate (scfm)

Pressure Drop (Inches of water)

LEAKAGE AND EXHAUST AIR TRANSFER LEAKAGE AND EXHAUST AIR TRANSFER

Face Velocity (sfpm) Face Velocity (sfpm)

Exhaust Air Transfer Ratio (All Models)Pressure Differential 0.0” 0.5” 3.0”EATR 4.0% 0.1% 0.0%

Leakage-Outdoor Air Correction Factor (OACF)0.0” 0.5” 3.0”

ECW 324 1.04 1.08 1.21ECW 364 1.04 1.07 1.18ECW 424 1.04 1.06 1.16ECW 484 1.03 1.05 1.14ECW 544 1.03 1.05 1.12ECW 604 1.02 1.04 1.10ECW 664 1.02 1.03 1.09ECW 784 1.01 1.03 1.07

Exhaust Air Transfer Ratio (All Models)Pressure Differential 0.0” 0.5” 3.0”EATR 4.0% 0.1% 0.0%

Leakage-Outdoor Air Correction Factor (OACF)0.0” 0.5” 3.0”

ECW 486 1.04 1.05 1.14ECW 606 1.02 1.04 1.10ECW 726 1.02 1.03 1.08ECW 846 1.02 1.03 1.07ECW 966 1.01 1.02 1.05ECW 1086 1.00 1.01 1.04ECW 1206 1.00 1.01 1.03

NTLModel No.

FlowRate

(scfm)

WheelDiameter

D(inches)

WheelDepth

E(inches)

CassetteHeight/Width

A(inches)

CassetteDepth

B(inches)

HubDiameter

H(inches)

Approx.Total Wt.(pounds)

DriveMotor(Hp)

ECW204

ECW244

ECW324

ECW364

ECW424

ECW484

ECW544

ECW486

ECW604

ECW546

ECW664

ECW606

ECW724

ECW666

ECW784

ECW726

ECW844

ECW786

ECW846

ECW906

ECW966

ECW1026

ECW1086

ECW1206

ECW1326

ECW1446

600

900

1500

2000

3000

4000

5000

5000

6000

6000

7500

7500

9500

9500

11000

11000

13000

13000

15000

17500

20000

22500

25000

30000

37500

45000

20

24

32

36

42

48

54

48

60

54

66

60

72

66

78

72

84

78

84

90

96

102

108

120

132

144

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

6

4

6

4

6

4

6

4

6

4

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

23

27

39

42

48

54

60

54

66

60

72

66

78

72

84

78

90

84

90

96

102

108

116

128

141

153

7

7

7

7

7

8

8

10

8

10

9

10

9.5

11

9.5

11

9.5

13

13

12

12

12

15

15

15

15

2.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

4.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

10.0

6.5

10.0

10.0

10.0

10.0

10.0

10.0

10.0

12.0

12.0

12.0

12.0

12.0

12.0

12.0

12.0

12.0

40

65

160

190

230

320

370

380

480

490

580

590

770

750

840

850

1020

1040

1310

1410

1540

1700

2360

2740

3300

4000

1 / 100

1 / 100

1 / 3

1 / 3

1 / 2

1 / 2

3 / 4

1 / 2

3 / 4

3 / 4

1

3 / 4

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 1/2

1 1/2

1 1/2

2

2

2

2

2

10132 Mammoth AvenueBaton Rouge, LA 70814-4420Phone: (800) 762-1320 or(225) 924-0427Fax: (225) 930-0340Website: www.novelaire.com

Engineering Detail

The information contained in this brochure is believed to beaccurate by NovelAire Technologies, but is not warranted.

Revision 1/1/04


Sarasota, FL


Appendix BThermal Storage

Sample Calculation

Partial Storage Application—Design Day in March

Thermal Storage Tons = Ton-hour (design day)/ Hours of Storage = 3956Ton-hr/8hr = 494.6 Tons Tons to kW = Tons*12/EER = 101.5 Tons*12/13 = 93.7 kW (Base Load Chiller) $ = kW *1hr*$/kwh = 843.7kW*1hr*$1.021/100= $8.61 (Off-Peak charge)



Partial Storage-- Design Day

Month Day Hour WB Ton/WB Tons

Base Load Chiller Tons

Ice Storage Needed Tons

Thermal Storage

Tons

Base Chiller

kWIce Chiller

kWTotal kW

On Peak Cost 3.337

c/kwh

Off Peak Cost 1.021

c/kwh kW

On Peak Cost 2.279

c/kwh

Off Peak Cost 0.788

c/kwh3 15 1 69.6 1.46 101.5 101.5 0 500.0 93.7 750.0 843.7 $8.61 174.0 $1.43 15 2 69.4 1.43 99.5 99.5 0 500.0 91.8 750.0 841.8 $8.59 170.5 $1.33 15 3 69.4 1.42 98.7 98.7 0 500.0 91.1 750.0 841.1 $8.59 169.1 $1.33 15 4 69.4 1.41 98.0 98.0 0 500.0 90.5 750.0 840.5 $8.58 168.0 $1.33 15 5 69.4 1.40 97.1 97.1 0 456.7 89.6 685.0 774.7 $7.91 166.5 $1.33 15 6 69.4 1.39 96.6 96.6 0 0.0 89.1 0.0 89.1 $2.97 165.5 $3.83 15 7 69.4 1.38 95.9 95.9 0 0.0 88.5 0.0 88.5 $2.95 164.4 $3.73 15 8 69.4 1.47 101.9 101.9 0 0.0 94.0 0.0 94.0 $3.14 174.6 $4.03 15 9 69.6 5.16 358.8 145.0 213.8 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $3.65 331.2 $7.53 15 10 70.5 5.13 361.6 145.0 216.6 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $1.12 333.7 $2.63 15 11 70.8 6.63 469.3 145.0 324.3 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $1.12 433.2 $3.43 15 12 71.7 7.04 504.8 145.0 359.8 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $1.12 465.9 $3.73 15 13 72.8 7.63 555.4 145.0 410.4 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $1.12 512.7 $4.03 15 14 73.4 7.82 574.1 145.0 429.1 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $1.12 530.0 $4.23 15 15 73.6 7.88 579.9 145.0 434.9 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $1.12 535.3 $4.23 15 16 73.9 7.91 584.8 145.0 439.8 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $1.12 539.8 $4.33 15 17 73.6 7.89 580.9 145.0 435.9 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $1.12 536.2 $4.23 15 18 72 7.80 561.8 145.0 416.8 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $3.65 518.6 $11.83 15 19 70.1 6.00 420.3 145.0 275.3 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $3.65 388.0 $8.83 15 20 69.8 1.29 90.2 90.2 0 0.0 83.2 0.0 83.2 $2.78 154.6 $3.53 15 21 69.4 1.38 96.0 96.0 0 0.0 88.6 0.0 88.6 $2.96 164.5 $3.73 15 22 68.5 1.40 95.9 95.9 0 500.0 88.5 750.0 838.5 $8.56 164.4 $1.33 15 23 69.4 1.40 97.5 97.5 0 500.0 90.0 750.0 840.0 $8.58 167.1 $1.33 15 24 70.5 1.41 99.3 99.3 0 500.0 91.6 750.0 841.6 $8.59 170.2 $1.3

6819.5 2862.9 3956.7 3956.7 2374.1 5,935.0 8,309.1 $25.8 77.0 7,298.1 $47.0 $41.3

494.6771.8 4,181.07537.3 5,236.6

$102.71 $88.2

Thermal Storage Normal Chillers

Totals

On-Peak HrOff-Peak Hr

Sum on/off peak


Sum on/off peak

-2-The Florida State University Ringling Conservation Center

Sarasota, Florida



Partial Storage-- Peak Load

Month Day Hour WB Ton/WB Tons

Base Load Chiller Tons

Ice Storage Needed Tons

Thermal Storage

TonsElectrical Input

kWIce Chiller

kW kW

On Peak Cost 3.337

c/kwh

Off Peak Cost 1.021

c/kwh kW

On Peak Cost 2.279

c/kwh

Off Peak Cost 0.788

c/kwh7 29 1 73.5 1.46 107.2 107.2 0 500.0 99.0 750.0 849.0 $8.67 183.8 $1.47 29 2 72.9 1.43 104.5 104.5 0 500.0 96.4 750.0 846.4 $8.64 179.1 $1.47 29 3 72.9 1.42 103.6 103.6 0 500.0 95.7 750.0 845.7 $8.63 177.7 $1.47 29 4 72.9 1.41 103.0 103.0 0 500.0 95.0 750.0 845.0 $8.63 176.5 $1.47 29 5 72.9 1.40 102.0 102.0 0 500.0 94.2 750.0 844.2 $8.62 174.9 $1.47 29 6 72.9 1.39 101.4 101.4 0 445.4 93.6 668.1 761.7 $7.78 173.9 $1.47 29 7 74.6 1.38 103.1 103.1 0 0.0 95.2 0.0 95.2 $0.97 176.7 $1.47 29 8 76.7 1.47 112.6 112.6 0 0.0 103.9 0.0 103.9 $1.06 193.0 $1.57 29 9 77.5 5.16 399.6 145.0 254.6 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $1.12 368.8 $2.97 29 10 79.1 5.13 405.7 145.0 260.7 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $1.12 374.5 $3.07 29 11 79.1 6.63 524.3 145.0 379.3 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $1.12 484.0 $3.87 29 12 79.2 7.04 557.6 145.0 412.6 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $3.65 514.7 $11.77 29 13 78.7 7.63 600.4 145.0 455.4 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $3.65 554.2 $12.67 29 14 78.9 7.82 617.2 145.0 472.2 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $3.65 569.7 $13.07 29 15 78.9 7.88 621.7 145.0 476.7 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $3.65 573.9 $13.17 29 16 78.5 7.91 621.2 145.0 476.2 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $3.65 573.4 $13.17 29 17 78 7.89 615.6 145.0 470.6 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $3.65 568.2 $13.07 29 18 78.2 7.80 610.2 145.0 465.2 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $3.65 563.3 $12.87 29 19 77.9 6.00 467.1 145.0 322.1 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 $3.65 431.2 $9.87 29 20 77.2 1.29 99.7 99.7 0 0.0 92.1 0.0 92.1 $3.07 171.0 $3.97 29 21 77 1.38 106.5 106.5 0 0.0 98.3 0.0 98.3 $1.00 182.5 $1.47 29 22 77 1.40 107.8 107.8 0 500.0 99.5 750.0 849.5 $8.67 184.8 $1.57 29 23 74.5 1.40 104.6 104.6 0 500.0 96.6 750.0 846.6 $8.64 179.4 $1.47 29 24 73.9 1.41 104.1 104.1 0 500.0 96.1 750.0 846.1 $8.64 178.4 $1.4

2955.1 4445.4 4445.4 2459.2 6668.1 9,127.3 $32.29 $83.3 7,907.3 $103.0 $26.7

On-Peak Hr 967.5 4,519.4Off-Peak Hr 8159.8 3,387.9

Sum on/off peak $115.60 $129.7

Thermal Storage Normal Chillers

Totals


Sum on/off peak


Sarasota, Florida



Load Leveling-- Design Day

Month Day Hour WB Ton/WB TonsLoad with Thermal Storage Tons

Storage Rate Tons

Discharge Rate (Load Shift) Tons

kW Thermal Storage

On Peak Cost 3.337

c/kwh

Off Peak Cost 1.021

c/kwh kW

On Peak Cost 2.279 c/kwh

Off Peak Cost 0.788

c/kwh7 29 1 73.5 1.46 107.2 308.4 201.1 0.0 336.4 $3.43 183.8 $1.47 29 2 72.9 1.43 104.5 308.4 203.9 0.0 336.4 $3.43 179.1 $1.47 29 3 72.9 1.42 103.6 308.4 204.7 0.0 336.4 $3.43 177.7 $1.47 29 4 72.9 1.41 103.0 308.4 205.4 0.0 336.4 $3.43 176.5 $1.47 29 5 72.9 1.40 102.0 308.4 206.4 0.0 336.4 $3.43 174.9 $1.47 29 6 72.9 1.39 101.4 308.4 206.9 0.0 336.4 $3.43 173.9 $1.47 29 7 74.6 1.38 103.1 308.4 205.3 0.0 336.4 $3.43 176.7 $1.47 29 8 76.7 1.47 112.6 308.4 195.8 0.0 336.4 $3.43 193.0 $1.57 29 9 77.5 5.16 399.6 308.4 0.0 91.2 336.4 $3.43 368.8 $2.97 29 10 79.1 5.13 405.7 308.4 0.0 97.3 336.4 $3.43 374.5 $3.07 29 11 79.1 6.63 524.3 308.4 0.0 216.0 336.4 $3.43 484.0 $3.87 29 12 79.2 7.04 557.6 308.4 0.0 249.2 336.4 $11.23 514.7 $11.77 29 13 78.7 7.63 600.4 308.4 0.0 292.0 336.4 $11.23 554.2 $12.67 29 14 78.9 7.82 617.2 308.4 0.0 308.8 336.4 $11.23 569.7 $13.07 29 15 78.9 7.88 621.7 308.4 0.0 313.3 336.4 $11.23 573.9 $13.17 29 16 78.5 7.91 621.2 308.4 0.0 312.8 336.4 $11.23 573.4 $13.17 29 17 78 7.89 615.6 308.4 0.0 307.2 336.4 $11.23 568.2 $13.07 29 18 78.2 7.80 610.2 308.4 0.0 301.9 336.4 $11.23 563.3 $12.87 29 19 77.9 6.00 467.1 308.4 0.0 158.8 336.4 $11.23 431.2 $9.87 29 20 77.2 1.29 99.7 308.4 208.6 0.0 336.4 $11.23 171.0 $3.97 29 21 77 1.38 106.5 308.4 201.9 0.0 336.4 $3.43 182.5 $1.47 29 22 77 1.40 107.8 308.4 200.6 0.0 336.4 $3.43 184.8 $1.57 29 23 74.5 1.40 104.6 308.4 203.7 0.0 336.4 $3.43 179.4 $1.47 29 24 73.9 1.41 104.1 308.4 204.3 0.0 336.4 $3.43 178.4 $1.4

7400.5 7400.5 2648.5 2648.5 8073.2 $101.03 $51.52 7,907.3 $103.0 $26.7

On-Peak Hr 3027.5 4,519.4Off-Peak Hr 5045.8 3,205.3

Sum on/off peak $152.54 $129.7

Thermal Storage Normal Chiller

Totals


Sum on/off peak


Sarasota, Florida



kw D

eman

d

Mon

thly

C

usto

mer

C

harg

e

Dem

and

Cha

rges

per

kw

Tota

l Dem

and

Cha

rges

1 pe

r kw

Dem

and

Cha

rges

per

O

n-Pe

ak k

w

Tota

l Dem

and

Cha

rges

1 pe

r O

n-Pe

ak k

w

Dem

and

Cha

rges

1 pe

r Fi

rm k

w

Tota

l Dem

and

Cha

rges

1 pe

r fir

m k

w

Ener

gy

Cha

rges

2 pe

r kw

h

Ener

gy

Cha

rges

per

O

n-Pe

ak k

wh

Ener

gy

Cha

rges

2 pe

r O

ff-Pe

ak k

wh

Fuel

Cha

rge2

pe

r kw

h

Fuel

Cha

rge

per O

n-Pe

ak

kwh

Fuel

Cha

rge

per O

ff-Pe

ak

kwh

$8.37 4.629¢ 3.750¢$11.44 8.313¢ 2.945¢ 4.090¢ 3.599¢

$32.54 $5.81* $8.16* 1.512¢ 3.749¢$557.82 $2.26*** $2.26*** $1.08+ $3.52+ $5.44* $7.88* 1.090¢ 1.090¢ 4.090¢ 3.598¢$38.58 $5.81* $8.16* 3.337¢ 1.021¢ 4.090¢ 3.598¢

$38.12 $5.81 $8.15 1.220¢ 3.745¢$38.12 $5.81 $8.15 2.279¢ 0.788¢ 4.085¢ 3.595¢

$102.27 $5.81 $8.15 1.220¢ 3.745¢$102.27 $5.81 $8.15 2.279¢ 0.788¢ 4.085¢ 3.595¢

$158.05 $5.81 $8.12 1.212¢ 3.718¢$158.05 $5.81 $8.12 2.384¢ 0.741¢ 4.061¢ 3.573¢$158.05 $5.81 $8.12 1.212¢ 3.718¢$158.05 $5.81 $8.12 2.384¢ 0.741¢ 4.061¢ 3.573¢

$371.88 $5.81 $8.13 0.686¢ 3.575¢$371.88 $5.81 $8.13 0.749¢ 0.625¢ 3.899¢ 3.431¢$371.88 $5.81 $8.13 0.686¢ 3.575¢$371.88 $5.81 $8.13 0.749¢ 0.625¢ 3.899¢ 3.431¢

$2,975.04 $1.07+ $3.42 $5.81 $8.16 0.610¢ 0.610¢ 3.899¢ 3.431¢$557.82 $2.26** $2.26** $1.08+ $3.52+ $5.44 $7.88 0.797¢ 0.797¢ 4.054¢ 3.567¢

*In excess of 10kw of demand 1 Total demand charges noted above include the applicable capacity payment recovery charge per kw, plus the standard demandcharge per kw from each rate schedule. For the CILC program, the applicable capacity charge per kw is applied to on-peak and firm kw.

**Per kw of maximum demand forcurrent or prior 23 months 2 Energy charges noted above include the applicable energy conservation cost recovery charge per kwh, the applicable environmental***These schedules are subject to applicable cost recovery charge per kwh, plus the non-fuel energy charge per kwh for each rate schedule. For GS-1 and GST-1 rate schedules,franchise charges and utility and state sales tax energy charges also include the applicable capacity payment recovery charge per kwh.

"+" Per kw of on-peak kw less firm kw Note: Rate information appearing in this brochure is subject to change.++200-499 kw

2000

+50

0+

Rate Summary*** Rates effective as of Jan. 2, 2004

0-20

21-4

9950

0-19

99

General Service Non-Demand (GS-1)General Service Non-Demand-TOU (GST-1)

General Service Demand (GSD-1)C/I Load Control, General Service [CILC-1(G)]++General Service Demand-TOU (GSDT-1)

2000

+

General Service Large Demand (GSLD-2)General Service Large Demand-TOU (GSLDT-2)Curtailable Service (CS-2)

C/I Load Control Program, Transmission [CILC-1(T)]


C/I Load Control Program, Distribution [CILC-1(D)]

Cutailable Service-TOU (CST-2)


Curtailable Service-TOU (CST-1)

Curtailable Service-TOU (CST-3)

-5-Florida State University Ringling Conservation Center

Sarasota, FL

-6- Florida State University Ringling Conservation Center

Sarasota, FL



Full Chiller Specifications

http://www.york.com/products/esg/YorkEngDocs/1034.pdf

http://www.york.com/products/esg/YorkEngDocs/917.pdf


Sarasota, FL



Calmac Thermal Storage Tanks

Centrifugal Liquid

ChillersDesign Level F

250 THROUGH 2400 TONS

(879 through 8440 kW)

Utilizing HFC-134a

Rated in Ac cordance

with the lat est edi tion of ARI

STAN DARD 550/590

FORM 160.73-EG1 (704)

Metric Con ver sions

m

00611VIP


Sarasota, FL


Appendix CAcoustics

Sample Calculation Variables NR – Noise Reduction TL – Transmission Loss TLc – Composite Wall Transmission Loss TLdoor – Transmission Loss of the Door Lp – Sound Pressure Level Lps – Sound Pressure Level Source Lpr – Sound Pressure Level Receiver τw – Fraction of incident power transmitted thru partition τdoor – Fraction of incident power transmitted thru door RT – Room Contant Sw – Surface Area of partition T60 – Reverberation time V – Volume A – Total Absorption α – Absorption Coefficient αc = Absorption Coefficient Ceiling αf = Absorption Coefficient Floor αiw = Absorption Coefficient Interior Wall αew = Absorption Coefficient Exterior Wall αw = Absorption Coefficient Window Si – Total Surface Area Sc – Surface Area of Ceiling Sf – Surface Area of the Floor Siw – Surface Area of Interior Wall Sew – Surface Area of Exterior Wall Equations Reverberation Time Noise Transmission

AVT 05.060 =

∑= iSiA α

)/log(10 SwRTLNR T+= )/log(10 wTrs SRTLLpLp +=−

rwTs LpSRTLLp ++= )/log(10 )/log(10 wTsr SRTLLpLp −−=

α

α

−= ∑

1ii

T

SR

∑∑=

i

ii

SS α

α

w

doordoorwwc S

SSTL

ττ +−= log10

1010wTL

w

−

=τ

1010doorTL

door

−

=τ


Sarasota, FL


Appendix CAcoustics

Sample Calculation 1025 Office—125 Hz αc = 0.38 αf = 0.02 αiw = 0.29 αew = 0.55 V= 2180 ft3 Sc – 218 ft2 Sf – 218 ft2 Siw – 600 ft2 Sew – 0 ft2 Lp = 50 dB TLw = 22 dB TLdoor = 14 dB Sdoor = 24 ft2

2.26155.0*029.0*60002.0*21838.0*218 =+++=+++==∑ ewewiwiwffcc SSSSiSiA ααααα

===2.261

2180*05.005.060 AVT

25.00600218218

2.261=

+++==

∑∑

i

ii

SS α

α

3.34925.012.261

1=

−=

−= ∑

α

α iiT

SR

0063.01010 )10/22(10 === −− wTL

wτ

0398.01010 )10/14(10 === −− doorTL

doorτ

dBSSSTL

w

doordoorwwc 3.19

1500398.0*240063.0*)24150(log10log10 =

+−−=

+−=

ττ

=−−=−−= )150/3.349log(103.1950)/log(10 wTsr SRTLLpLp

0.42 sec

27dB


Sarasota, FL


Appendix CAcoustics

Reverberation Times 1000 Periodicals

Octave Band Center Freq

(Hz) αc αf αiw αew ∑= iSiA α T60

(sec) Range 0.6-1.4

(sec) 125 0.38 0.02 0.29 0.55 449.4 0.46 Acceptable 250 0.60 0.06 0.10 0.14 359.0 0.57 Acceptable 500 0.78 0.14 0.05 0.08 422.7 0.48 Acceptable 1000 0.80 0.37 0.04 0.04 511.1 0.40 Acceptable 2000 0.78 0.60 0.07 0.12 631.0 0.32 Acceptable 4000 0.70 0.65 0.09 0.11 629.3 0.32 Acceptable

1005 Periodicals



(sec) Range 0.6-1.4


1010 Library



(sec) Range 0.6-1.4

(sec) 125 0.38 0.02 0.29 0.55 3203.4 0.81 Acceptable 250 0.60 0.06 0.10 0.14 3754.0 0.69 Acceptable 500 0.78 0.14 0.05 0.08 4934.5 0.52 Low 1000 0.80 0.37 0.04 0.04 6166.6 0.42 Low 2000 0.78 0.60 0.07 0.12 7391.3 0.35 Low 4000 0.70 0.65 0.09 0.11 7268.7 0.36 Low


Sarasota, FL


Appendix CAcoustics

1025 Office Octave Band Center Freq

(Hz) αc αf αiw αew ∑= iSiA α T60 (sec)

Range 0.6 or less (sec)

125 0.38 0.02 0.29 0.55 261.2 0.42 Acceptable 250 0.60 0.06 0.10 0.14 203.9 0.53 Acceptable 500 0.78 0.14 0.05 0.08 230.6 0.47 Acceptable 1000 0.80 0.37 0.04 0.04 279.1 0.39 Acceptable 2000 0.78 0.60 0.07 0.12 342.8 0.32 Acceptable 4000 0.70 0.65 0.09 0.11 348.3 0.31 Acceptable

1030 Conference



(sec) Range 0.8-1.0

(sec) 125 0.38 0.02 0.29 0.55 261.2 0.42 Low 250 0.60 0.06 0.10 0.14 203.9 0.53 Low 500 0.78 0.14 0.05 0.08 230.6 0.47 Low 1000 0.80 0.37 0.04 0.04 279.1 0.39 Low 2000 0.78 0.60 0.07 0.12 342.8 0.32 Low 4000 0.70 0.65 0.09 0.11 348.3 0.31 Low

1035 Conference



(sec) Range 0.8-1.0


1040 Study Room



(sec)




Sarasota, FL


Appendix CAcoustics

1045 Study Room



(sec)



1060 Corridor



(sec)

No Requirements

(sec) 125 0.38 0.02 0.29 0.55 272.0 0.29 250 0.60 0.06 0.10 0.14 176.3 0.45 500 0.78 0.14 0.05 0.08 181.4 0.44 1000 0.80 0.37 0.04 0.04 213.7 0.37 2000 0.78 0.60 0.07 0.12 268.4 0.29 4000 0.70 0.65 0.09 0.11 278.1 0.28

1085 Lobby



(sec)




Sarasota, FL


Appendix CAcoustics

1185 Library

2005 Periodicals



(sec) Range 0.6-1.4


2010 Library



(sec) Range 0.6-1.4

(sec) 125 0.38 0.02 0.29 0.55 844.4 0.50 Low 250 0.60 0.06 0.1 0.14 705.7 0.60 Acceptable 500 0.78 0.14 0.05 0.08 860.9 0.49 Low 1000 0.80 0.37 0.04 0.04 1043.7 0.41 Low 2000 0.78 0.6 0.07 0.12 1288.4 0.33 Low 4000 0.70 0.65 0.09 0.11 1268.9 0.34 Low

2015 Library



(sec) Range 0.6-1.4



(Hz) αc αf αiw αew αwind ∑= iSiA α T60 (sec)

Range 0.6-1.4 (sec)

125 0.14 0.01 0.29 0.55 0.18 2464.0 0.43 Acceptable 250 0.10 0.01 0.10 0.14 0.06 864.4 1.22 Acceptable 500 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.08 0.04 527.1 2.01 High 1000 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03 379.8 2.79 High 2000 0.04 0.02 0.07 0.12 0.02 569.1 1.86 High 4000 0.03 0.02 0.09 0.11 0.02 569.2 1.86 High


Sarasota, FL


Appendix CAcoustics

2020 Library Octave Band Center Freq


(sec) Range 0.6-1.4


2030 Conference



(sec) Range 0.8-1.0


2041 Office





2045 Multi-purpose



(sec) Range 0.8-1.0



Sarasota, FL


Appendix CAcoustics

2050 Library Octave Band Center Freq


(sec) Range 0.6-1.4


2080 Conference Octave Band Center Freq

(Hz) αc αf αiw αew αwind ∑= iSiA α T60 (sec)

Range 0.8-1.0 (sec)

125 0.38 0.02 0.29 0.55 0.18 343.63 0.32 Acceptable 250 0.60 0.06 0.10 0.14 0.06 107.68 1.04 High 500 0.78 0.14 0.05 0.08 0.04 84.37 1.32 High 1000 0.80 0.37 0.04 0.04 0.03 113.93 0.98 Acceptable 2000 0.78 0.60 0.07 0.12 0.02 206.41 0.54 Low 4000 0.70 0.65 0.09 0.11 0.02 217.52 0.51 Low

2085 Sitting






Sarasota, FL


Appendix CAcoustics

Solution 1185 Library, 2080 Conference 1185 Library--With 40-2"x 2'x 4' Echo Eliminators Octave Band Center Freq

(Hz)

Current T60

(sec) Range 0.6-1.4

(sec) αpanel

Panel Area (ft2)

With Panels T60

(sec) Range 0.6-1.4

(sec) 125 0.43 Good 0.17 320 0.42 Low 250 1.22 Good 0.6 320 1.00 Acceptable 500 2.01 High 1.16 320 1.18 Acceptable 1000 2.79 High 1.21 320 1.38 Acceptable 2000 1.86 High 1.14 320 1.13 Acceptable 4000 1.86 High 1.22 320 1.10 Acceptable

2080 Conference--With 3-2"x 2'x 4' Echo Eliminators Octave Band Center Freq

(Hz)

Current T60

(sec) Range 0.6-1.4

(sec) αpanel

Panel Area (ft2)

With Panels T60

(sec) Range 0.8-1.0

(sec) 125 0.32 Good 0.17 24 0.32 Low 250 1.04 High 0.6 24 0.91 Acceptable 500 1.32 High 1.16 24 0.99 Acceptable 1000 0.98 Good 1.21 24 0.78 Acceptable 2000 0.54 Low 1.14 24 0.48 Low 4000 0.51 Low 1.22 24 0.45 Low

Cost 1185 Library 2"x 2'x 4' Echo Eliminators – White, Blue, Light Gray, and Charcoal Blue – $1.75/ft2 All other colors – $2.15/ft2 320 ft2 * $1.75/ft2 = $560.00 320 ft2 * $2.15/ft2 = $688.00 Shipping = $40.00 2080 Conference 2"x 2'x 4' Echo Eliminators – White, Blue, Light Gray, and Charcoal 24 ft2 * $1.75/ft2 = $42.00 24 ft2 * $2.15/ft2 = $51.60 Shipping = $40


Sarasota, FL


Appendix CAcoustics

Transmission thru Partitions

1025 Office

Freq

Lp Normal Voice

TLw dB

TLdoor dB

Sw Ft2

Sdoor Ft2 τw τdoor

TLc dB ∑ iSiα

α RT Lpr

RC=30 Office

RC-5dB

Lpr less than RC-

5dB 125 50 22 14 150 24 0.0063 0.0398 19.3 261.2 0.25 349.3 27.0 50 45 Yes 250 55 27 19 150 24 0.0020 0.0126 24.3 203.9 0.20 253.9 28.4 45 40 Yes 500 58 43 23 150 24 0.0001 0.0050 30.7 230.6 0.22 296.6 24.3 40 35 Yes

1000 49 47 18 150 24 0.0000 0.0158 25.9 279.1 0.27 382.0 19.0 35 30 Yes 2000 46 37 17 150 24 0.0002 0.0200 24.7 342.8 0.33 512.4 15.9 30 25 Yes 4000 41 46 21 150 24 0.0000 0.0079 28.9 348.3 0.34 524.7 0.0 25 20 Yes

1030 Conference

Freq

Lp Normal Voice

TLw dB

TLdoor dB

Sw Ft2


TLc dB ∑ iSiα

α RT Lpr

RC=25 Classroom RC-5dB

Lpr less than

RC-5dB 125 50 22 14 150 24 0.0063 0.0398 19.3 261.2 0.32 383.7 26.6 45 40 Yes 250 55 27 19 150 24 0.0020 0.0126 24.3 203.9 0.15 239.3 28.6 40 35 Yes 500 58 43 23 150 24 0.0001 0.0050 30.7 230.6 0.06 244.3 25.1 35 30 Yes 1000 49 47 18 150 24 0.0000 0.0158 25.9 279.1 0.36 435.1 18.4 30 25 Yes 2000 46 37 17 150 24 0.0002 0.0200 24.7 342.8 0.63 939.0 13.3 25 20 Yes 4000 41 46 21 150 24 0.0000 0.0079 28.9 348.3 0.27 476.4 7.1 20 15 Yes


Sarasota, FL


Appendix CAcoustics

1035 Conference

Freq

Lp Normal Voice

TLw dB

TLdoor dB

Sw Ft2


TLc dB ∑ iSiα

α RT Lpr


Lpr less than RC-

5dB 125 50 22 14 150 24 0.0063 0.0398 19.3 194.8 0.31 284.3 27.9 45 40 Yes 250 55 27 19 150 24 0.0020 0.0126 24.3 139.7 0.23 180.5 29.9 40 35 Yes 500 58 43 23 150 24 0.0001 0.0050 30.7 151.9 0.25 201.3 26.0 35 30 Yes 1000 49 47 18 150 24 0.0000 0.0158 25.9 181.8 0.29 257.5 20.7 30 25 Yes 2000 46 37 17 150 24 0.0002 0.0200 24.7 225.4 0.36 354.5 17.5 25 20 Yes 4000 41 46 21 150 24 0.0000 0.0079 28.9 230.9 0.37 368.1 8.2 20 15 Yes

1040 Study Room

Freq

Lp Normal Voice

TLw dB

TLdoor dB

Sw Ft2


TLc dB ∑ iSiα

α RT Lpr


Lpr less than RC-



Sarasota, FL


Appendix CAcoustics

1045 Study Room

Freq

Lp Normal Voice

TLw dB

TLdoor dB

Sw Ft2


TLc dB ∑ iSiα

α RT Lpr


Lpr less than

RC-5dB 125 50 22 14 150 24 0.0063 0.0398 19.3 208.8 0.31 304.4 27.6 45 40 Yes 250 55 27 19 150 24 0.0020 0.0126 24.3 147.7 0.22 189.9 29.6 40 35 Yes 500 58 43 23 150 24 0.0001 0.0050 30.7 159.4 0.24 209.7 25.8 35 30 Yes 1000 49 47 18 150 24 0.0000 0.0158 25.9 190.5 0.29 266.9 20.6 30 25 Yes 2000 46 37 17 150 24 0.0002 0.0200 24.7 236.5 0.36 367.0 17.4 25 20 Yes 4000 41 46 21 150 24 0.0000 0.0079 28.9 242.6 0.36 381.8 8.1 20 15 Yes 2030 Conference

Freq

Lp Normal Voice

TLw dB

TLdoor dB

Sw Ft2


TLc dB ∑ iSiα

α RT Lpr

RC=25 Classroom

RC-5dB

Lpr less than

RC-5dB 125 50 22 14 170 24 0.0063 0.0398 19.6 247.4 0.32 362.8 27.1 45 40 Yes 250 55 27 19 170 24 0.0020 0.0126 24.6 188.7 0.24 249.1 28.8 40 35 Yes 500 58 43 23 170 24 0.0001 0.0050 31.2 211.2 0.27 289.8 24.4 35 30 Yes 1000 49 47 18 170 24 0.0000 0.0158 26.5 254.9 0.33 379.0 19.0 30 25 Yes 2000 46 37 17 170 24 0.0002 0.0200 25.2 313.8 0.40 526.0 15.8 25 20 Yes 4000 41 46 21 170 24 0.0000 0.0079 29.4 319.5 0.41 542.1 6.5 20 15 Yes


Sarasota, FL


Appendix CAcoustics

2041 Office

Freq

Lp Normal Voice

TLw dB

TLdoor dB

Sw Ft2


TLc dB ∑ iSiα

α RT Lpr

RC=30 Office RC-5dB

Lpr less than RC-


2045 Multi-purpose

Freq

Lp Normal Voice

TLw dB

TLdoor dB

Sw Ft2


TLc dB ∑ iSiα

α RT Lpr

RC=25 Classroom

RC-5dB

Lpr less than RC-5dB

125 50 22 14 100 24 0.0063 0.0398 18.4 435.6 0.37 693.8 23.2 50 45 Yes 250 55 27 19 100 24 0.0020 0.0126 23.4 274.5 0.23 358.6 26.0 45 40 Yes 500 58 43 23 100 24 0.0001 0.0050 29.1 286.0 0.24 378.5 23.2 40 35 Yes 1000 49 47 18 100 24 0.0000 0.0158 24.2 334.3 0.29 468.0 18.1 35 30 Yes 2000 46 37 17 100 24 0.0002 0.0200 23.1 424.4 0.36 666.0 14.7 30 25 Yes 4000 41 46 21 100 24 0.0000 0.0079 27.2 434.1 0.37 690.0 5.5 25 20 Yes


Sarasota, FL


Appendix CAcoustics

2080 Conference

Freq

Lp Normal Voice

TLw dB

TLdoor dB

Sw Ft2


TLc dB ∑ iSiα

α RT Lpr

RC=25 Classroom

RC-5dB

Lpr less than RC-5dB

125 50 22 14 150 24 0.0063 0.0398 19.3 343.6 0.51 702.1 24.0 50 45 Yes 250 55 27 19 150 24 0.0020 0.0126 24.3 107.7 0.16 128.2 31.4 45 40 Yes 500 58 43 23 150 24 0.0001 0.0050 30.7 84.4 0.13 96.5 29.2 40 35 Yes 1000 49 47 18 150 24 0.0000 0.0158 25.9 113.9 0.17 137.1 23.5 35 30 Yes 2000 46 37 17 150 24 0.0002 0.0200 24.7 206.4 0.31 297.7 18.3 30 25 Yes 4000 41 46 21 150 24 0.0000 0.0079 28.9 217.5 0.32 321.4 8.8 25 20 Yes

Acoustical Surfaces, Inc.Soundproofing, Acoustics, Noise & Vibration Control Specialists

123 Columbia Court North = Suite 201 = Chaska, MN 55318(952) 448-5300 = Fax (952) 448-2613 = (800) 448-0121

Email: [email protected] our Website: www.acousticalsurfaces.com

We Identify and S.T.O.P. Your Noise Problems

Echo Eliminatorª Echo Eliminatorª Bonded Acoustical Pad (BAP)

The Most Cost Effective Acoustical AbsorbingMaterial On The Market

aRecycled cotton (green material).aClass A Ð nonflammable (Per ASTM E-84).aLightweight.aEasy to install (adhesively applied).aImpact resistant.aDurable.aPaintable (if required).aLow cost.aHi-light reflectance.aHi-performance acoustical absorption.aRelocatable (if required).

¥ Soundproofing Products ¥ SonexTM Ceiling & Wall Panels ¥ Sound Control Curtains ¥ Equipment Enclosures ¥ Acoustical Baffles & Banners ¥ Solid Wood & VeneerAcoustical Ceiling & Wall Systems ¥ Professional Audio Acoustics ¥ Vibration & Damping Control ¥ Fire Retardant Acoustics ¥ Hearing Protection ¥ Moisture & Impact

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Bonded Acoustical Pad panels are ideally suited to school gymnasiums, cafeterias, classrooms, churches,multi-purpose rooms, community centers and more.

Available in 12" x 12" (removable) 24" x 24", 24" x 48", 48" x 96" sizes. (3 lb./cub ft. density 1" and 2" thick-ness Ð 6# density available in 1" thickness).

White, Blue, Light Gray, and Charcoal.

APPLICATIONS:

SIZES:

COLOR:

Mount 125Hz 250Hz 500Hz 1KHz 2KHz 4KHz NRC1Ó 3lb./cf. A .08 .31 .79 1.01 1.00 .99 .802Ó 3lb./cf. A .17 .60 1.16 1.21 1.14 1.22 1.051Ó 3lb./cf. A Mod .09 .28 .77 1.04 1.07 1.22 .802Ó 3lb./cf. A Mod .17 .63 1.15 1.21 1.15 1.08 1.05

B.A.P. PANEL:Sound

AbsorptionCoefficients

125Hz 250Hz 500Hz 1KHz 2KHz 4KHz NRC Freq.Avg.1Ó x 2Õ x 4Õ 2.43 4.93 8.34 12.35 15.57 16.67 10.302Ó x 2Õ x 4Õ 2.40 6.55 12.86 17.46 18.49 16.77 13.85

B.A.P. BAFFLE:Sabins/Baffle

A Mount:Direct

A Mod Mount:With 3/4Ó Airspace

Acoustical Surfaces, Inc.Soundproofing, Acoustics, Noise & Vibration Control Specialists

123 Columbia Court North = Suite 201 = Chaska, MN 55318(952) 448-5300 = Fax (952) 448-2613 = (800) 448-0121

Email: [email protected] our Website: www.acousticalsurfaces.com

We Identify and S.T.O.P. Your Noise Problems

Echo Eliminatorª Client ListEcho Eliminatorª Client List(Bonded Acoustical Pad Applications, School Facilities)

¥ St. Francis School District, MN

¥ Los Rios Community College, Sacramento, CA¥ Lakeview School District, MN

¥ Santa Cruz School District, Nogales, AZ

¥ Portland Public Schools, Portland, OR

¥ Princeton University, Princeton, NJ

¥ Magnolia Science Academy, Reseda, CA

¥ Holcomb Consolidated Schools, Holcomb, KS

¥ Carlos School District, Carlos, MN

¥ Atkin High School, Atkins, MN

¥ Hauwley Public Schools, Hauwley, MN

¥ Delaware Valley Public Schools, Milford, PA

¥ Payson Public Schools, Payson, MN

¥ Keokuk Community School District, Keokuk, IA

¥ Hettinger Public Schools, Hettinger, ND

¥ Wisconsin Rapids School District, Wisconsin Rapids, WI

¥ Newport Public Schools, Newport, NH

¥ Gustavus University, St. Peter, MN

¥ Carlsbad Unified School District, Carlsbad, CA

¥ Soundproofing Products ¥ SonexTM Ceiling & Wall Panels ¥ Sound Control Curtains ¥ Equipment Enclosures ¥ Acoustical Baffles & Banners ¥ Solid Wood & VeneerAcoustical Ceiling & Wall Systems ¥ Professional Audio Acoustics ¥ Vibration & Damping Control ¥ Fire Retardant Acoustics ¥ Hearing Protection ¥ Moisture & Impact

Resistant Products ¥ Floor Impact Noise Reduction ¥ Sound Absorbers ¥ Noise Barriers ¥ Fabric Wrapped Wall Panels ¥ Acoustical Foam (Egg Crate) ¥ Acoustical Sealants &Adhesives ¥ Outdoor Noise Control ¥ Assistive Listening Devices ¥ OSHA, FDA, ADA Compliance ¥ On-Site Acoustical Analysis ¥ Acoustical Design & Consulting ¥ Large

Inventory ¥ Fast Shipment ¥ No Project too Large or Small ¥ Major Credit Cards Accepted

¥ White Bear Lake Schools, White Bear Lake, MN

¥ Barry University, Miami Shores, FL

¥ Lincoln University, Lincoln University, PA

¥ Champaign Park School District, Champaign Park, IL

¥ Cass Lake Schools, Cass Lake, MN

¥ Mclouth Schools, Mclouth, MN

¥ East Grand Forks School District, East Grand Forks, MN

¥ Underwood School District, Underwood, MN

¥ CHP School, NY, NY

¥ Metro School of Music, Minneapolis, MN

¥ Breckenridge School District, Breckenridge, MN

¥ Canby Schools, Canby, MN

¥ Everett School District, Everett, WA

¥ Woodbury Youth Center, Woodbury, MN

¥ Masonic Temple, St. Paul, MN

¥ Fergus Falls School District, Fergus Falls, MN

¥ Brandon School District, Brandon, MN

¥ Monticello School District, Monticello, MN

For More Information and Prices Call, Fax or e-mail us at...

1-800-448-3134

Visit Our Website @ www.acousticalsurfaces.com

Fax: 952-448-2613 ¥ e-mail: [email protected]


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