THE HISTORICAL AND MODERN MIGRATION PROСESSES IN THE WORLD.

THE FORMATION OF THE AMERICAN NATIONИсторические и современные миграционные

процессы мира и пути формирования американской нации

COUNTRIES-PARTISIPANTS: RUSSIA

THE USA

GREAT BRITAIN FRANCE

GERMANY

THE QUESTIONS WILL BE DISSCUSED:THE MODERN MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE

WORLDСовременные миграционные процессыTHE FORMATION OF THE AMERICAN NATION

AND THE MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE USAФормирование американской нации и

миграционные процессы в СШАTHE FORMATION OF THE POLYETHNIC

REGION IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA Формирование полиэтнического региона на

юге России

THE FORMATION OF THE AMERICAN NATION AND THE MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE USA

WHAT IS NATION?

culture language community

NATION people territory

economical connections

Nation is the historical community of people being formed in the process of the formation of their general territory, economical connections, literary language and also their character and ethnic peculiarities.

THE AMERICAN PEOPLE

The United States has the third largest population in the world (after China and India).By 2010, population of the United States will have passed 298,000,000 mark.

The most distinctive characteristic of the United States is its people.

As nineteenth-century poet Walt Whitman said, the United States “is not merely a nation but a NATION OF NATIONS”.

The United States is called a “melting pot” , or salad bowl/ mixed salad and the country of immigrants because people from all over the world have mixed together to create modern American society.The earliest immigrants came from every country of the world.

HOW WAS THE AMERICAN NATION FORMED?A melting pot

THE NATIVE AMERICANSWho were the first Americans? The first people on the American continent came from Asia. They came

across the Bering Strait from Siberia to Alaska at various times when the sea level dropped.

The first migration might have been as early as 40,000 years ago.When Columbus arrived in the fifteenth century, there were perhaps 10

million people in North America alone. They had developed many different kinds of societies.

These were the peoples that Columbus called “Indians”, in the mistaken belief that he had reached the East Indies.

THE BRITISH

Beginning in the 1600s, the British settled the eastern part of North America.In 1620 more than one hundred Englishmen left their country forever and went to America on board the ship “Mayflower” to live and work there.Their voyage lasted for many weeks and was very hard.At last they reached the coast of America and began to build a village called New Plymouth.Then the British culture was a foundation on which America was built.Also, over the years, many immigrants to the United States have come from the United Kingdom Ireland.

AFRICAN-AMERICANSFrom 1620 to 1820 by far the largest group of people to

come to the United States came, not as willing immigrants, but against their will.

These people were West Africans brought to work as slaves. In all, about 8 million people were brought from Africa.

Today about 12 percent of America‘s population is black. Many black Americans live in the South and in the cities of the Northeast and Midwest.

IMMIGRANTS FROM NORTHEN AND WESTERN EUROPE

Beginning in the 1820s, the number of immigrants coming to the United States began to increase rapidly. Faced with problems in Europe-poverty, war, discrimination-immigrants hoped for, and often found, better opportunities in the United States.

During these years most immigrants were from north-western Europe-from Germany, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Sweden, and Norway.

IMMIGRANTS FROM SOUTHERN AND EASTERN EUROPEAlthough immigration from Northwestern Europe

continued, from the 1870s to the 1930s even more people came from the countries of southern and eastern Europe-for example, Italy, Greece, Poland, and Russia.

During this period, the United States was changing from a mainly agricultural to a mainly industrial country. The new immigrants helped make this change possible.

In the 1920s discrimination and prejudice in the United States led to laws limiting immigration; it slowed down until the 1960s, when these laws were changed and immigration became increasing again.

HISPANIC-AMERICANSHispanics are people of Spanish-American

origin. Some Hispanics lived in areas that later became part of the United States. Many others immigrated to the US. Hispanic immigration has increased greatly in resent decades.

Hispanics come from many different countries. Three especially large groups are Mexican-Americans, Puerto-Ricans, and Cuban –Americans.

Hispanics are one of the fastest growing groups in the United States population.

ASIAN-AMERICANSIn the nineteenth century laws limited Asian immigration.

Also, Asians in the United States, such as the Chinese and Japanese, met with widespread discrimination.

Since the mid-1960s, with changes in immigration laws and with conflicts in Southeast Asia, Asians have been a major immigrant group.

Many Asians came from China, Korea and Indonesia.

THE IMMIGRATION IN THE USA

1960-2000 Philippine,

Korean, Chinese, Indian

1800-1860English, Irish, German

1860-1890Irish, Italian , German, Scandinavian, Russian,

Hungarian,

1890-1930Greece, Judaic, Hungarian, Italian, Poland, Portuguese, Russian

1930-1950Baltic groups, Poland,

Russian, Judaic, Jugoslavian

1960-2000Сuban, Dominican,

Tahitian,

1950-2000Mexican, Central

American

IMMIGRATION IN THE USA IN 1820-2000

Regions and countries

Immigration

ThousandPersons

%

All countriesEurope:GermanyItalyGreat BritainIrelandRussia, the USSRSwedenFranceNorwayPoland

554583697770715357510047153429

12457837535697

100.066.712.89.79.28.56.2

2.21.41.41.1

Regions and countries

Immigration

Thousand

Persons

%

Asia:PhilippinesChinaKoreaJapanVietnamIndiaTurkeyAmerica:CanadaMexicoWest-IndiaCubaAfricaOther regions

569795587461145644442740912.071427132081168739301412

10.31.71.61.10.80.80.80.721.77.75.82.11.30.50.8

WHAT IS AN AMERICAN? Struggling to define the meaning of the “New World” at the time of the

American Revolution, the French immigrant Michel Jean de Crevecoeur asked the question about American nationality in his Letters from an American farmer (1782):

What then is the American, this new man? He is neither an European, nor the descendent of an European, hence that strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country. I could point out to you a family whose grandfather was an Englishman, whose wife was a Dutch, whose son married a French woman, and whose present four sons have now four wives of different nations. He is an American, who leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys, and the new rank he holds… Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men, whose labours and prosperity will one day cause great changes in the world .

ARE THERE ANY SOCIAL PROBLEMS CONNECTED WITH IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED STATES ?

Of course, there are a lot of problems but the USA Administration is building its national politics according to the rules had written by Thomas Jefferson in his

Declaration of Independence ."We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are

created equal. that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights. among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."

The best example of our national and social politics is the

USA president Mr. Barak Obama and his family.Barak Obama is an American in the first generation only, his

father was from Kenya. But thanks to his own abilities and the possibilities of America, Barak Obama is the first black American who became the president of the United STATES of America

Melting Pots and MosaicsFor years it was thought that the United States

was and should be a “melting pot” – in other words, that people from all over the world would come and adopt the American culture as their own. More recently, some people have compared the United States to a mosaic – a picture made by many different pieces. America`s strength, they argue, lies in its diversity and in the contributions made by people of any different cultures. America needs to preserve and encourage this diversity, while making sure that everyone has equal opportunity to succeed.