The History & Developing of mouse

Instructor: LIN, RU-LI Speaker: SYU JHE-WEI

Department of Mechanical Engineering,Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology

Index

Chapter 1. The history & developing.

Chapter 2.How to choose a mouse?

What is the mouse ??

Is that ?

Or that ?

Or that ?

In the wiki

In computing, a mouse is a pointing device that functions by detecting two-dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface.

Chapter 1. History & Developing

1968 . Invention

1972~1983 Location & input have

began to change1989 ~2000Operation &

Transmission Technical Great Leap

2000~nowHigh-tech era

Who Invention ?

December 9, 1968, the world's first mouse was born in California, Stanford University, its inventor Dr. Douglas Englebart.original intention was to make the operation of the computer easier to replace the cumbersome command of the keyboard.

The first prototype of a computer mouse

With the augment computer use, the first mouse device looks very simple, it is an analog device, relying on the bottom two metal wheels, drive axle is connected to the variable resistor to generate mouse displacement signal.

How is work ?

Analog signalsContinuously varying electromagnetic wave transmitted through a variety of transmission media.

Digital signalThe continuous voltage pulse is mainly based on the type of potential state.

Digital and analog systems comparison:Digital system operator is accurate, it is not easy to noise interferenceSignal storage, easy to edit. But it is a distortion of the wave.

Serial port (RS-232):

Mainly used for serial bit-by-bit data transfer.General computer applications RS-232 (25-pin or 9-pin connector) and industrial computer applications half-duplex RS-485 with full-duplex RS-422.

Tell the computer modem carrier is detected.

Receive data.

Transfer the data.

The computer tells the modem can be transmitted.

Ground.

Modem tells the computer everything was ready.

Computer modem to send data.

Tell the computer modem can transfer data .

Tell the computer modem signal comes.

Abbreviation

Pin meaning Explanation

RS485

RS-232-C

RS-422

USBPS/2

Serial Port Specifications:Serial port points, According to electricity standards and protocols including:

1972~1983 Location & input have began to change

In early 1980, by Steve Kirsch designed one of the most original version of the optical mouse.

in 1972 replace the metal wheel to wheel mouse by Xerox Corporation, scroll not only the X and Y-axis mode.

Grating

In 1983, Logitech invented the first optical-mechanical mouse P4, which is what we today call the mechanical mouse. This mouse structure has become a de facto industry standard.

The initial listing price of $ 299!!

Operating an opto-mechanical mouse:1. moving the mouse turns the

ball.2. X and Y rollers grip the ball and

transfer movement.3. Optical encoding disks include

light holes. Infrared LEDs shine through the disks

4. Sensors gather light pulses to convert to X and Y vectors.

opto-mechanical mouse.

In 1983, Microsoft launched its own mouse, affected the entire computer industry in the next 20 years, when the mouse asking price is $ 195 USD

Apple also introduced a desktop computer with a mouse, an asking price of $ 9,995 USD

PS/2

Naming of PS / 2 from 1987 when IBM introduced the PC: PS / 2 series. PS / 2 mouse connection is usually used to replace the old serial mouse interface (DB-9 RS-232)

The color-coded PS/2 connection ports (purple for keyboards and green for mice)

Specifications:Pin number (from the slot into)

Pin function

Pin name function

1 +DATA Data

2 Reserved Retention*

3 GND Ground

4 Vcc+5 V DC supply current of 275 mA

5 +CLK Clock

6 Not connected Not connected*** On some notebook mouse data for splitter cable.** On some notebook mouse clock for splitter cable.

1989 ~2000Operation & Transmission Technical Great Leap

1989, trackball technology, first applied to the mouse

TrackMan

Because the trackball mouse strong positioning capability and accuracy at the same time caused a great sensation in the professional field and boom.

By Canada's Royal Navy in 1952 designed the first trackball

Advantages :

Disadvantage :

TrackballBy reading the direction and speed of the scroll ball scrolling to locate.

In 1991 the first wireless mouse by Logitech Logitech invention, the first 27 MHz RF wireless technology.

1995 by Eric Michelman the wheel in the middle of the left and right keys.

Wireless Mouse

Include 27Mhz, 2.4G, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11), Infrared (IrDA), ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4).

27Mhz Radio Frequence ?27 MHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) radio frequency .

In this frequency band four channels around the world: 1. two for the wireless keyboard, 2. the other two for the wireless mouse; 3. 27Mhz farthest effective transmission distance of only

6 feet (182.88cm)

Mega Hertz, (MHz) Fluctuation frequency of one of the units.1 Hz = 1/s

USB

Universal Serial Bus , abbreviation of “ USB ”A serial port bus standard is the the connection computer system with an external device

1994， Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC and Nortel

Specifications:

Length 5 meters (max)

Hot-swappable

Support

Electrical Characteristics

5 volts DCMaximum voltage of 5 V (± 5%)Maximum current500-900 mA @ 5 V (Depending on the version)

In 1996, Microsoft released a standard mouse has a rubber plastic roller wheel.

The Apple ‘hockey puck’ mouse appears in 1998 and it’s is notable as the first Apple mouse to support the USB peripheral standard .

2000~nowHigh-tech era

In 2002, Logitech introduced the first Bluetooth mouse.

In 2000, Apple releases the first mouse with an optical tracking sensor.

Light-Emitting Diode (LED) by infrared

There will be a prism of the light output of the light turning

The human eye to light in the visible wavelength range of about 400 ~ 700nm, this range of wavelength is referred to as the infrared ray is less than compared to UV light.

Through the barriers to the ability to use infrared LEDLong-wavelength light penetrating and will be better directivity.

"Bluetooth" technology was developed by a company established in September 1998, the private, non-profit organization Special Interest Group (SIG) to develop a standard.

BluetoothVersion 1.0、 1.1、 1.2、 2.0、 2.1、 4.0

Bluetooth uses frequency bands and 2.4G RF are free in most countries, authorized 2.4-2.485GHz ISM

2004, the first mouse to use a laser for optical tracking, the MX 1000. The laser tracking system.

2005 launched the first dedicated to people with disabilities to use the foot mouse

Laser engine

The spent two mutually parallel optically reflective surface forming of Seismic chamber, to form a total internal reflection and generating a narrow beam.

2006 , Logitech Logitech MX Air power shot Super Mouse

In 2006, the advent of Bluetooth Laser Mouse

Phone and mouse combo mouse phone was launched by SONY

In 2008, Microsoft introduced the Blu-ray Mouse with Blue Track technology, compatible with all interfaces (Microsoft SideWinder X8).

Blue ray - LED

Blue LED (wavelength of about 450 nm) and a high degree of scattering, four times more than the average optical irradiation area light dispersion mirrors, increased resolving power characteristics.

Through the media capacity is very low, the glass can also be used

In 2008, Logitech ships its one-billionth mouse since it began selling them in 1982.

In 2011, Cybork release the top of mouses, the R.A.T.9 Gaming Mouse.  Nothing can beat this piece of art !

In 2009, Logitech launch DarkField laser tracking technology can also be used in the glass .

Usually only use a set of positioning problem in a transparent material, it will enable the second group

In 2009, Apple introduced new Mouse Magic Mouse with multi-touch technology.

Chapter 2. How to choose the mouse?

CPI（ Counts Per Inch）DPI（ Dots Per Inch）

1920×1080

1920 DPI

960 DPI

Sensei MLG 16400 DPI !!

CPI & DPI

The location of the sensor will greatly affect the operation flu.

Frame Per Second (FPS) :It represents the sampling frequency of the induction engine per second.

frame rate is higher than about 10-12 frames per second, this phenomenon is called persistence of vision.

Laser Gaming Mouse up to 12000FPSOptical Gaming Mouse only 6400FPS ~ 9000FPSGeneral optical mouse has only 3000FPS

Early optical engine, FPS value is only 1500,and now up to 6000FPS.

receive 125 mouse positioning from the information per second

8 mS

Report Rate (Polling Rate） :Mouse input on the computer interface specifications, the default value is 125Hz. The low rate of return will be delayed information.

Report Rate and monitor refresh rate :traditional CRT can be adjusted in 75 to between 60Hz. 60Hz refresh rate per second 60 times

Most of the LCD screen refresh rate is fixed at 60Hz, reaction time was 16.67ms.

refresh rate is too low compared to the reaction time, the biggest reason is the cause screen image retention.

LCD monitor also introduced 120Hz specifications in order to use the 3D technology, but for the professional players, with 120Hz up to 8.33ms response time monitor.

So 125Hz Report Rate is more than enough!

Reference

維基百科 :

http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BC%A0%E6%A0%87

光學滑鼠的理論與結構 :

http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/ahow-lifenote/article?mid=88&prev=-1&next=87

串列埠 :

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%B2%E8%A1%8C%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3

RS-232:

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232

PS/2介面 :

http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PS/2%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3

滑鼠 40周年發展史 :

http://angelo-nmb.blogspot.com/2008/12/40.html#.UV0iAlfLtHZ

Mouse History In Photos:

http://www.topdesignmag.com/mouse-history-in-photos/

羅技鼠標歷史完全回顧 :

http://news.mydrivers.com/1/165/165989.htm

你所知道與不知道的關於滑鼠的大小事 :

http://www.computerdiy.com.tw/all-articles/articles-mouse/2618-mouse

Thank you for watching