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TRANSCRIPT
PowerPoint® Lecture Slides
prepared by
Karen Dunbar Kareiva
Ivy Tech Community College© Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images
Chapter 10 Part C
The Muscular
System
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.9: Muscles Crossing the Shoulder
Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus)
• Nine muscles cross shoulder joint
• Insert on and move humerus
• Some originate from scapula, others from axial
skeleton
• Actions include flexion, extension, adduction
• Three prime movers of arm
– Pectoralis major
– Latissimus dorsi
– Deltoid
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Table 10.9: Muscles Crossing the Shoulder
Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus)
(cont.)
• Rotator cuff muscles act as synergists and
fixators; originate on scapula; reinforce shoulder
capsule; prevent dislocation
– Supraspinatus
– Infraspinatus
– Teres minor
– Subscapularis
• Coracobrachialis and teres major: synergists
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Table 10.9-1 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus)
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A&P Flix™: Pectoralis major
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Table 10.9-1 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus)
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A&P Flix™: Deltoid
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Figure 10.15a Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively.
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Clavicle
Deltoid
Sternum
Lateral head
Long head
Medial head
Biceps brachii
Brachio-radialis
Pectoralismajor
Coracobrachialis
Triceps brachii:
Brachialis
Anterior view
Table 10.9-2 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (continued)
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A&P Flix™: Latissimus dorsi
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Table 10.9-2 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (continued)
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Table 10.9-3 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (continued)
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A&P Flix™: Subscapularis
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A&P Flix™: Supraspinatus
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A&P Flix™: Infraspinatus
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Table 10.9-3 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (continued)
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A&P Flix™: Teres minor
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A&P Flix™: Teres major
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Figure 10.15b Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Spine of scapula
Deltoid (cut)
Infraspinatus*
Teres minor*
Teres major
Triceps brachii:
Latissimus dorsi
Humerus
Lateral head
Long head
Anconeus
Posterior view
Greater tubercle
of humerus
Olecranon
of ulna
Supraspinatus*
*Rotator cuff muscles
Figure 10.15c-d Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.*Rotator cuff muscles
Long head
Subscapularis*
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
Short headBicepsbrachii
O = originI = insertion
I
O O
I
O
O
I
A&P Flix™: Muscles That Act on the Shoulder
Joint and Humerus: An Overview (a)
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A&P Flix™: Muscles That Act on the Shoulder
Joint and Humerus: An Overview (b)
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A&P Flix™: Muscles That Cross the
Glenohumeral Joint
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A&P Flix™: Movement from the Rotator Cuff
Muscles (a)
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A&P Flix™: Movement from the Rotator Cuff
Muscles (b)
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A&P Flix™: Scapular Muscles of the
Glenohumeral Joint (a)
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A&P Flix™: Axial Muscles of the
Glenohumeral Joint (a)
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A&P Flix™: Movement at the Glenohumeral
Joint: An Overview
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A&P Flix™: Movement at the Glenohumeral
Joint (a)
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A&P Flix™: Movement at the Glenohumeral
Joint (b)
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Table 10.10: Muscles Crossing the Elbow
Joint: Flexion and Extension of the Forearm
• Walls of fascia divide arm into two
compartments
– Anterior muscles
– Posterior muscles
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Table 10.10-1 Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint: Flexion and Extension of the Forearm
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.15b Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Spine of scapula
Deltoid (cut)
Infraspinatus*
Teres minor*
Teres major
Triceps brachii:
Latissimus dorsi
Humerus
Lateral head
Long head
Anconeus
Posterior view
Greater tubercle
of humerus
Olecranon
of ulna
Supraspinatus*
*Rotator cuff muscles
A&P Flix™: Triceps brachii
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Table 10.10-2 Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint: Flexion and Extension of the Forearm (continued)
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Figure 10.15a Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Clavicle
Deltoid
Sternum
Lateral head
Long head
Medial head
Biceps brachii
Brachio-radialis
Pectoralismajor
Coracobrachialis
Triceps brachii:
Brachialis
Anterior view
A&P Flix™: Biceps brachii
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A&P Flix™: Brachialis
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A&P Flix™: Brachioradialis
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A&P Flix™: The Elbow Joint and Forearm:
An Overview
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A&P Flix™: Muscles of the Elbow Joint (a)
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A&P Flix™: Muscles of the Elbow Joint (b)
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A&P Flix™: Muscles of the Elbow Joint (c)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.11: Muscles of the Forearm:
Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers
• Divided into anterior and posterior muscles
– Most anterior muscles are flexors; insert via
flexor retinaculum
– Most posterior muscles are extensors; insert via
extensor retinaculum
• Further divided into superficial and deep
muscles
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Table 10.11: Muscles of the Forearm:
Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers
(cont.)
• Actions: movements of wrist, fingers, thumb, as
well as pronation and supination of forearm
– Pronator teres and pronator quadratus
pronate forearm
– Supinator: synergist with biceps brachii in
forearm supination
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.11: Muscles of the Forearm:
Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers
(cont.)
• Anterior muscles
– Consist of five superficial and three deep
muscles
– Most arise from common flexor tendon attached
to medial epicondyle of humerus
– Most tendons of insertion held in place at wrist
by flexor retinaculum
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Table 10.11-1 Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers
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A&P Flix™: Pronator teres
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A&P Flix™: Flexor carpi radialis
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Table 10.11-1 Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers
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A&P Flix™: Flexor carpi ulnaris
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A&P Flix™: Flexor digitorum superficialis
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Table 10.11-2 Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (continued)
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Figure 10.16a Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm acting on the right wrist and fingers.
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Flexor digitorumsuperficialis
Superficialtransverseligament of palm
Palmaraponeurosis
Medial epicondyleof humerus
Flexor carpiulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpiradialis
Medial head oftriceps brachii
Flexorretinaculum
Pronatorquadratus
Flexorpollicislongus
Extensor carpiradialis longus
Brachio-radialis
Pronatorteres
Tendon ofbiceps brachii
Biceps brachii
Figure 10.16b Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm acting on the right wrist and fingers.
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Tendon of flexordigitorumsuperficialis
Pronatorquadratus
Flexorpollicislongus
Tendon of brachioradialis(cut)
Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris (cut)
Tendon of flexor carpi radialis (cut)
Flexordigitorumsuperficialis
Extensor carpiradialis longus
Supinator
Tendon ofbiceps brachii(cut)
Figure 10.16c Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm acting on the right wrist and fingers.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Tendon offlexor digitorumprofundus
Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris (cut)
Supinator
Flexor digitorumprofundus
Flexor pollicislongus
Pronator quadratus
Thenar musclesof thumb
Tendon of flexorpollicis longus
Lumbricals
Tendon of flexordigitorum superficialis(cut)
A&P Flix™: Anterior Muscles of the Wrist and
Fingers (a)
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A&P Flix™: Anterior Muscles of the Wrist and
Fingers (b)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.11: Muscles of the Forearm:
Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers
(cont.)
• Posterior muscles
– Consists of four superficial and four deep
muscles
– All are innervated by the radial nerve or its
branches
– Most arise from common flexor tendon attached
to lateral epicondyle of humerus
– Most tendons of insertion held in place at wrist
by extensor retinaculum
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Table 10.11-3 Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (continued)
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A&P Flix™: Posterior Muscles of the Wrist
and Fingers (a)
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A&P Flix™: Posterior Muscles of the Wrist
and Fingers (b)
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A&P Flix™: Extensor carpi radialis longus
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A&P Flix™: Extensor carpi radialis brevis
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A&P Flix™: Extensor digitorum
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A&P Flix™: Extensor carpi ulnaris
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Table 10.11-4 Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (continued)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.17a Muscles of the posterior fascial compartment of the right forearm acting on the wrist and fingers.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Extensor expansion
Extensor digitorumFlexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor indicis
Brachioradialis
Anconeus
Tendons of extensorcarpi radialis brevisand longus
Extensor carpiulnaris
Insertion oftriceps brachii
Abductorpollicis longus
Extensor carpiradialis brevis
Extensor carpiradialis longus
Extensor pollicisbrevis
Extensor pollicislongus
Tendons ofextensordigitorum
Figure 10.17b Muscles of the posterior fascial compartment of the right forearm acting on the wrist and fingers.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Olecranon of ulna
Anconeus
Supinator
Extensor indicis
Interossei
Extensor pollicisbrevis
Extensor pollicislongus
Abductor pollicislongus
A&P Flix™: Supinator
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A&P Flix™: Muscles of the Forearm (a)
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A&P Flix™: Muscles of the Forearm (b)
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A&P Flix™: Muscles of the Forearm (c)
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Table 10.12-1 Summary: Actions of Muscles Acting on the Arm, Forearm, and Hand
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Table 10.12-2 Summary: Actions of Muscles Acting on the Arm, Forearm, and Hand (continued)
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Table 10.12-3 Summary: Actions of Muscles Acting on the Arm, Forearm, and Hand (continued)
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Figure 10.18a Summary: Actions of muscles of the right arm and forearm.
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Muscles of the arm
Humerus
Brachialis
Biceps brachiiShort headLong head
Posterior compartment of arm(extends elbow); innervated byradial nerve
Tricepsbrachii
LateralheadLongheadMedialhead
ExtensorsFlexorsOthers
Key:
Anterior compartment of arm(flexes elbow); innervated bymusculocutaneous nerve
Figure 10.18b Summary: Actions of muscles of the right arm and forearm.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
OthersFlexors
Extensors
Ulna
Muscles of the forearm
Posterior compartment of forearm(extends wrist and fingers); innervatedby radial nerve
Radius
Abductor pollicislongus
Pronator teres
Brachioradialis(elbow flexor)
Anterior compartment of forearm(flexes wrist and fingers);innervated by median or ulnar nerve
ExtensorsFlexorsOthers
Key:
A&P Flix™: Muscles That Act on the Wrist
and Fingers: An Overview
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A&P Flix™: Carpal Tunnel
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Animation: Rotating Hand
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Table 10.13: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand:
Fine Movements of the Fingers
• Small, weak muscles that lie entirely within palm
of hand control precise movements of
metacarpals and fingers (example: threading a
needle)
• Abductors and adductors of fingers produce
opposition—move thumb toward little finger
• Flexion: thumb bends medially along palm, and
fingers bend anteriorly
• Extension: thumb points laterally, and fingers
move posteriorly
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Table 10.13: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand:
Fine Movements of the Fingers (cont.)
• Flexion and extension
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A&P Flix™: Movements of the Wrist and
Fingers (a)
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Table 10.13: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand:
Fine Movements of the Fingers (cont.)
• Abduction and adduction
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A&P Flix™: Movements of the Wrist and
Fingers (b)
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Table 10.13: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand:
Fine Movements of the Fingers (cont.)
• Three muscle groups
– Thenar eminence (ball of thumb)
– Hypothenar eminence (ball of the little finger)
• Each of above groups has flexor, abductor, and
opponens muscle
– Midpalmar muscles: lumbricals and interossei
extend fingers
– Interossei muscles also abduct and adduct
fingers
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Table 10.13-1 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers
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Table 10.13-2 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers (continued)
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Table 10.13-3 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers (continued)
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Figure 10.19a Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand.
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Tendons of:
Pisiform bone
Flexor pollicis longus
Adductor pollicis
Dorsal interossei
First lumbrical
Second lumbrical
Fibrous sheath
Tendons of:
Abductor pollicisbrevis
Opponenspollicis
Flexor carpiulnaris tendon
Flexor digitorumprofundus
Flexor digitorumsuperficialis
Thirdlumbrical
Fourthlumbrical
Opponensdigiti minimi
Flexor digitiminimi brevis
Abductordigiti minimi
Flexor digitorumsuperficialistendons
Abductor pollicislongus
Flexor carpi radialisPalmaris longus
Flexorretinaculum
Flexor pollicis
brevis
First superficial layer
Figure 10.19b Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand.
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Second layer
Palmarinterossei
Opponensdigiti minimi
Flexor digitiminimi brevis(cut)
Abductordigiti minimi(cut)
Abductorpollicisbrevis
Flexor pollicislongus tendon
Opponenspollicis
Flexorpollicisbrevis
Adductorpollicis
Dorsalinterossei
Flexordigitorumsuperficialistendon
Flexor digitorumprofundus tendon
Figure 10.19c Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Palmarinterossei
Palmar interossei (isolated)
Figure 10.19d Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Dorsalinterossei
Dorsal interossei (isolated)