theory translation (1)

8/12/2019 Theory Translation (1)

1/123

O..

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!"

#$$%


2/123


3/123

O.&. '()*+,)-

THEO ! "#$ % "&T'&E O T "# *"T'O#

(*+,-./+ #0-+1 234 T+1-1)

!"

#$$%


4/123

/,*012, 3THEO ! O T "# *"T'O# " " &'E#&E

Translation and art are twin processes.O*0(45 '(6

'/78

3. 9+, 61:;,*0 ()< 0(6-6 = 0+, 6*5,)*,.

T5+ 1.67+,- 234 -2181 09 -5+ 1,:+3,+;

92()6>(05 ) 56 ( ?,*1>5(2 0@?, = * AA1)5*(05 ) B 5)0,2>5)C1(> * AA1)5*9+, C (> = 02()6>(05 ) 56 0 02()6= 2A ( 0,D0 5) 0+, E 12*, /()C1(C, 5)0

5) 0+, 9(2C,0 /()C1(C,. 9+56 A,()6 0+(0 0+, A,66(C, ?2 (06+ 1>< *(>> = 20+ ( 2,(*05 ) =2 A 0+, 9/ 2,*,?0 2 65A5>(2 0 0+(0 *(>>,< =

25C5)(> A,66(C, =2 A 0+, E/ 2,*,?0 2. 9+, * )0,)0F 0+(0 56F 0+, 2,=,2,)05(> A,()50+, A,66(C, G50+ (>> 506 5A?>5*(05 )6 ()< 0+, = 2A = 0+, A,66(C, G50+ (>> 506()< 60@>5605* * )) 0(05 )6 A160 :, 2,?2 >@ (6 ? 665:>, 5) 0+, 02()60+,@ (2, 0 ,4 -, ( 65A5>(2 2,6? )6,. H+5>, 0+, * )0,)0 2,A(5)6 2,>(054,>@ 5)0(*0

= 2AF 0+(0 56F 0+, >5)C15605* 65C)6 = 0+, 25C5)(>F A(@ :, 61:605010,< 20+,2 65C)6 = 0+, 9/ :,*(16, = 6021*012(> > >,4,>6. E1*+ 61:605(2, ;1605=5, ()< (5A (0 (*+5,45)C ,J154(>,)*,.

KJ154(>,)0 0,D06 5) 0+, 0G >()C1(C,6 (2, ) 0 ),*,66(25>@ A(>@ 5 65C)6 ()< C2(AA(05*(> 6021*012,6 ()< ,J154(>,)*, 6+ 1 :, * )=16,< G50+ 5,)*, 56 ) 0( * )60()0 :10 ( 4(25(:>, J1()050@ ()< 0+, 2()C, = 4(25(:5>50@ 56 * )65,. ,)*, 60@>, 0 G+5*+ 0+, 0,D0 :,> )C6. K.C.Q

Early December brought a brief respite when temperatures fell and the groundhardened, but a quick thaw followed.

!" #"$%&' ()*+ ! $&)$' +"&"#- $, )"/+"&)*&+0 1 !(2, 1"/!' 1/"&1!, 0 +0)0/ %-()&0 !(2 0))"+"!2.


5/123

9+, A,66(C,6 * )4,@,< :@ 0+, 25C5)(> ()< 0+, 02()6>(0 ) (2, ,J154(>,)0 (6,4,2@ 6,A()05* ,>,A,)0 +(6 :,,) 2,0(5),< (>0+ 1C+ 6 A, *+()C,6 +(4, :,,) A(


6/123

Delegates to the conference in >an ?rancisco, 9pril, @ABC, from Europeancountries ha4e been tra4eling three weeks. The erman Fboats which were hangingaround were most effecti4ely scared off by depthFcharges from accompanyingdestroyers.

5"!":)- 1 "7&0+"


7/123

9+, 61:6050105 ) = 0+, 61:;,*0 ()< 0+, (,)*,.

9+, ?2(CA(05* (6?,*0 = 0+, * )0,)0 56 6 A,05A,6 *> 6,>@ 5)0,2G 4,) G50>5)C15605* (6?,*0 ()< 0+,52 5)0,2(*05 ) (>6 2,J152,6 ,D?>()(0 2@ (


8/123

Qold the line. O" $!# )" )&*%$*.

The 3ommonwealth countries handle a quarter of the world^s trade. O ()&- %& )($0:0 (0#&*8"()7 +& 60# )(' ")7"&)' ()2

/ &070< )0&:07! .

9+56 0@?, = ,J154(>,)*, (>6 * A?256,6 0+, 02()6>(05 ) = *>5*+Y6F G(2)5)C6 ()< ) 05*,6F ?+2(6, > C5*(> 1)506 ()< 6,0 ,D?2,665 )6F = 2A1> ? >50,),66F ,0*.

There were no sur4i4ors. (" +0: %! .

?ragile \ 0()0&080, ()"$!0_ eep off, wet paint \ " (# )2(', 0$& "0_ Pany happy returns of the day \ +01#&7!'I ( #"/ &08#" '.

&) 0+56 G(@F 0+, 0+52< 0@?, = ,J154(>,)*, * )4,@6 0+, 6,)6,F 0+, A,()5)C 100,2()*, G50+ 10 ?2,6,245)C 506 = 2A(> ,>,A,)06.

RZ 2 ( ,< ()(>@656 = 0+, >,4,>6 = ,J154(>,)*, ?2 :>,A6 ()< 0+, 6021*

>,4,> ?(00,2)6 0+, 2,(E* O E


9/123

F0/4G6.:C4:3 *+ +C 09 ED.: 2C+3,+

,.C.Qirresponsible \ %"10)7")()7"-


10/123

9+, 02()6>(05 ) :@ E.e(26+(- A(@ :, 2,C(2>,)0. 9+, 0,D0 (6 ( 1)50@56 2,?2 >@ ()< 0+56 * )*,?05 ) = 1)50@ ;1605=5,6 0+, *+()C, 5)

= 0+, >5),6 G50+5) 0+, 60()d(.7 6025*0 :6,24()*, = ,J154(>,)*, (0 (>> >,4,>6 ,)612,6 ( 65A5>(2 2,(*05 ) ) 0

?(20 = 0+, E ()< 9 >()C1(C, 2,*,?0 26 ()< *() :, (*+5,4,< :@ A,()6 = =1)*05 )(>61:6050105 )6.

/KL9MNKT!%E O T "# *"T'O#

g < 0+, 2@ 56 :(6,< ) 5)= 2A(05 ) C(5),< =2 A ?2(*05*,. g < ?2(*05*, 56 :(6,>@ G 2-,> :, (**12(0, (6 0 A,()5)C ()< )(012(> (6 0 0+, 2,*,?0 2>()C1(C, = 2A6 16, 2,(@ 1)(05 ) 56 A,(612,< :@ + G *>A,(612,6 1? 0 0+,6, 56.

9+, 5 02()6>(05 ) 6+ 1>< :,h

7**12(0,Q 2,?2 @ (6 ? 665:>, 0+, A,()5)C = 0+, 6 12*, 0,D 8(012(>Q 165)C )(012(> = 2A6 = 0+, 2,*,?0 2 >()C1(C, 5) ( G(@ 0+(0 56

(??2 ?25(0, 0 0+, -5)< = 0,D0 :,5)C 02()6>(0,> (6?,*06 = 0+, A,()5)C 5) ( G(@ 0+(0 56 2,(012(> * )0,D0 = 0+, 6 12*, >()C1(C, 0,D0F ()(50 5) 2 6021*012, G+5*+ (2, (??2 ?25(0, 5) 0+, 2,*,?0 2 >()C()< 506 *1>012(> * )0,D0. R/(26 ) >bb%F ?. aS
http://www.sil.org/translation/TrTheory.htm#larson1991http://www.sil.org/translation/TrTheory.htm#larson1998http://www.sil.org/translation/TrTheory.htm#larson1991http://www.sil.org/translation/TrTheory.htm#larson1998


11/123

Diagram from arson lAA , p. B

&) ?2(*05*,F 0+,2, 56 * )65, 4(25(05 ) 5) 0+, 0@?,6 = 02()6>(05 )6 ?2 (0 26. E A, 02()6>(0 26 G 2- )>@ 5) 0G >()C1(C,6 ()< (2, * A?,0,)0 5) :

O0+,26 G 2- =2 A 0+,52 =5260 >()C1(C, 0 0+,52 6,* )< >()C1(C,F ()< 605>> 0+0+,52 6,* )< >()C1(C, 0 0+,52 =5260 >()C1(C,. i,?,)()C1 ?2 =5*5,)*@F 0+, ?2 *,> 4(2@ =2 A ?2 ;,*0 0 ?2 ;,*0. &) A 60 ?2 ;,*0G+5*+ E&/ 56 5)4 >4,(05 ) 0,(A *(225,6 ) 0+, ?2 ;,*0.9,(A 2 >,6 (2,G 2-,< 10 (** 26 = 0,(A A,A:,26. 9+,2, 56 (>6 64(25(05 ) (050+(0 G5>> :, (**,?0,< :@ 0+, 5)0,)@ G 2-,> :, (**12(0, (6 0 A,()5)C ()< )(012(> (6 0 0+, 2,*,?0 2>()C1(C, = 2A6 16, 2,(@ 1)(05 ) 56 A,(612,< :@ + G *>A,(612,6 1? 0 0+,6, 56.

9+, 5 02()6>(05 ) 6+ 1>< :,h

7**12(0,Q 2,?2 @ (6 ? 665:>, 0+, A,()5)C = 0+, 6 12*, 0,D 8(012(>Q 165)C )(012(> = 2A6 = 0+, 2,*,?0 2 >()C1(C, 5) ( G(@ 0+(0 56

(??2 ?25(0, 0 0+, -5)< = 0,D0 :,5)C 02()6>(0,> (6?,*06 = 0+, A,()5)C 5) ( G(@ 0+(0 56 2,((05 )F 0+,)F * )65606 = 601,D5* )F C2(AA(05*(> 6021*012,F* AA1)5*(05 ) 6501(05 )F ()< *1>012(> * )0,D0 = 0+, 6 12*, >()C1(C, 0,D0F ()(50 5) 2 6021*012, G+5*+ (2, (??2 ?25(0, 5) 0+, 2,*,?0 2 >()C()< 506 *1>012(> * )0,D0. R/(26 ) >bb%F ?. aS

Diagram from arson lAA , p. B

&) ?2(*05*,F 0+,2, 56 * )65, 4(25(05 ) 5) 0+, 0@?,6 = 02()6>(05 )6 ?2 (0 26. E A, 02()6>(0 26 G 2- )>@ 5) 0G >()C1(C,6 ()< (2, * A?,0,)0 5) :O0+,26 G 2- =2 A 0+,52 =5260 >()C1(C, 0 0+,52 6,* )< >()C1(C,F ()< 605>> 0+0+,52 6,* )< >()C1(C, 0 0+,52 =5260 >()C1(C,. i,?,)()C1 ?2 =5*5,)*@F 0+, ?2 *,> 4(2@ =2 A ?2 ;,*0 0 ?2 ;,*0. &) A 60 ?2 ;,*0G+5*+ E&/ 56 5)4 >4,(05 ) 0,(A *(225,6 ) 0+, ?2 ;,*0.9,(A 2 >,6 (2,G 2-,< 10 (** 26 = 0,(A A,A:,26. 9+,2, 56 (>6 64(25(05 ) (050+(0 G5>> :, (**,?0,< :@ 0+, 5)0,) G5)C 0+2,, 0@?,6 = 02()6>(05 ) *() :, 50,2(> 02()6>(05 ) ()< =2,, 02()6>(05 ).

ED.: 2C+3- -/231C2-:03

KJ154(>,)0 02()6>(05 ) +(6 :,,) * )65 (5A,< (0 5) 02()6>(05 ).

*:-+/2C -/231C2-:03

&) 6?50, = 0+, =(*0 0+(0 0+,2, (2, *(6,6 = 6,A()05* ()< 6021*012(> * 5)*5

0+,@ (2, 2(0+,2 () ,D*,?05 ). 7 >50,2(> 2 G 2< 02()6>(05 ) 56 :45 16>@ 1)(** :,*(16, 50 2,61>06 5) ( 45 >(05 ) = = 2AF 2 (


13/123

8 (0 2 0 ?2,6,24, 5) +56 02()6>(05 ) 0+, >,C2(AA(05*(> 2 60@>5605* ?,*1>5(2505,6 = 0+, 25C5)(> 0,D0 *() ;1605=@ =2 A 0+, ) 2A6 = 0+, 9/.

/50,2(> 02()6>(05 ) 5A? 6,6 1? ) 0+, 9/ 0,D0 (>5,) >,D5*(> ()< C2(AA(056021*012,6F (>5,) * >> *(:5>50@F (>5,) * )) 0(05 )6 ()< (>5,) 60@>5605* ) 2A6

&) >50,2(> 02()6>(05 ) = 2A ?2,4(5>6 4,2 * )0,)0 ()< 0+, A,()5)C = 0+, 0,D5*(>F C2(AA(05*(> 2 60@>5605*F ,.C.

Qe wagged a grateful tail and climbed on the seat Rg, 2C,00( X,@,2S. %!:0#&0 17 !'! 670()0/ 7($&%$!(' ( #"2"I

>he was letting her temper go by inches Re )5*( i5*-,)6S. +0"/0:* )"&'! )"&+" ". W 7(" %0!2 " %0!2 " )"&'!

)"&+" "N.

9+, ?2(CA(05* (6?,*0 = 02()6>(05 ) < ,6 ) 0 (50,2(>56A ,50+,2 2,J152,6 5)0,2?2,05)C 02()6>(05 ) 2 61:6050105 ).

The Tory Team, howe4er, aren^t all batting on the same wicket.The metaphor is taken from cricket, a 4ery popular game in ritain but hardly

known to jussian readers.

#$0, $0("&7)0&- " "# -.#$0, $0/# $0("&7)0&07 :&! " #&*80.

T/231C2-:03 *0231

/50,2(> 02()6>(05 ) 6+ 1>< ) 0 :, * )=16,< G50+translation loans. 7 02()6>(05 )> () 56 ( ?,*1>5(2 = 2A = G 250,2(> 02()6>(05 ). 92> ()6 (2, :15>0 ) 0+, ?(00,2) = = 2,5C) G 2,A,)06

: 22 G5)C >()C1(C,F ,.C.collecti4e farm 56 ( 02()6>(05 ) > () = 0+, N1665()$0!601 :10 5) ( =1>> ()< ) 0 5) () (::2,45(0,< = 2AQoil dollars F"H)"#0!!&-_ goodneighbourly relations \ #0%&0(0("#($ " 0)0 " ' R( =1>> > ()S_ war effect R( ?(205(> > () (6 )1A:,2 < ,6 ) 0 * 5)*5(05 )F 0+(0 56F ?(2(?+2(65)C 56 ( 6?,*5(> 0@?, = 02()6>(05 ) 121>, 5) ()) 0(05 )6F ?2Y*56F (:602(*06F ,0*. =2,, 02()6>(05 ) 56 2,)(05 ) 56 0 * )4,@ 5)= 2A(05 ) 0

0+,2 * 1)025,6 5) ( A 60 * A?(*0 ()< * )


14/123

9+,2, 56 () 0+,2 5)0,2?2,0(05 ) = 0+, 0,2A VZ2,, 02()6>(05 )W.9+, 02()6>(0 2 5) 0+56 *(6, * )65= (6 * U(10+ 2 ()< 0(-,6 C

>5:,205,6 G50+ 0+, 25C5)(> 0,D0 2,6 205)C 0 1);1605=5,< ,D?()65 ) 2 A5665>he burst out crying 56 02()6>(0,< (6 Vj_ `

kW RL+. i5*-,)6F 02. T@ l.P. P,(05 ) (2,Q 2,)(09+, 4(60 2,6 12*,6 = 0+, N1665() >()C1(C, ,)(:>, 0+, 02()6>(0 2 0 (*+5,4, ,D*,>>()< 0+, =1) ?25)*5?>, = 02()6>(05 ) B G+(0 56 6(5< 5) ), >()C1(C, *()G,>> :, 6(5< 5) () 0+,2 B 2,A(5)6 5)45 >(:>,.

/KL9MNKK "II"T'&"* % OL*EI

K+3+/2C ,031:4+/2-:031

KJ154(>,)*,F (6 +(6 :,,) ? 5)0,< 5) 0+, ?2,45 16 *+(?0,2F 56 (*+5,4,< :@F >,D5*(>F 60@>5605*. 9+, ?2,6,)0 *G50+ C2(AA(05*(> 02()6= 2A(05 )6 ()< 0+,52 *(16,6. 9+, *(16,6 C,),2(05)C 002()6= 2A(05 )6 (2, ) 0 (>G(@6 ?12,>@ C2(AA(05*(> :10 A(@ :, >,D5*(>(6 G,>>

C2(AA(05*(> *(16,6 )(012(>>@ ?2,4(5> @F C2(AA(05*(> ()< >,D5*(> *(16,6 (2, 6 *> 6,>@ 5)0,2G 4

0+, 2,J152,< 02()6= 2A(05 )6 (2, = ( 0G = >< *+(2(*0,2. 9+, = >> G5)C ,D5>>1602(0,6 0+56 ? 5)0.

The 4igil of the .>. Embassy supported last week by many prominent peopleand still continuing, the marches last >aturday, the resolutions of organi ations ha4e

done something to show that the rime Pinister does not speak for ritain. G&*:!0(*)0 ' #"/0()&; ' * 1# ' /"& $($0:0 +0(0!2()7,+0!* 7 ' +&0 !0< "#"!" +0##"&8$* /0: 6 7 #-6 #"')"!"


15/123

N1665() 6,)0,)*,6. 9+, 6021*012, = 0+, K)C>56+ 6,)0,)*, 56 0@?5*(> = 0+, 6021* :25,= ) 0,6 2 = >,(>@ * )0(5) A56*,>>(), 16 5)= 2A(05 ) ?25)*5?>,6 = VG+ F G+(0F G+,)F G+,2, ()< + GW. 9+56F + G,4,2F 56 ) 0 1N1665() ),G6?(?,2 60@>,. 9+, G 25,< 5) 0+, N1665() ( 05A, R7 (*%%0)*SI mS 9+, ,A?+(05* A,()5)C = 0+, ?2,(05 ) 56 6 A,05A,6 5A?, + A )@5) e 56+. Z 2 ,D(A?>,F 0+, g,21)< ()< '(205*5?>, & (2, + A )@A6. 9+()(>@05*(> = 2A6 = 0+, Z1012,U5)U0+,U'(60 (2, + A )@A6 G50+ 0+, = 2AE1:;1)*054, A < RG 1>@ :, * )=


16/123

g2(AA(05*(> + A )@A@ A(@ =0,) :, ?1dd>5)C ()< A(@ 6 A,05A,6 *(16, < :, 0(-,) 0 ( G5 ?2,5)-p '2,


17/123

9+, *(0,C 25,6 = 5)(@02()6>(05 ).

&= 0+,6, A,()5)C6 (2, ) 0 2,),D5*(>>@ 0+, N1665() 6,)0,)*, 56,A()05*(>>@ 5)* A?>,0,.

The influence and authority of the >ecretariat depends to an e tent Wthough notnearly to the e tent that is popularly supposedN on the talents of one indi4idual \ the>ecretaryF eneral. R',0,2 /@ )F 9+, M.8. 5) 7*05 )S.

! ' " 7)0& )") J"$&")& ) 17 ( ) 7 $$0,)0 = 2A 56 0+, C,21)=5>6 4(25=1)*05 )6 5) 0+, 6,)0,)*, ()< *() :, 02()6>(0,< :@ 6G 20+@S.

*# 7!'I(2, )0 580! 0 &1&" ! M)* +0/0!7$* , \ ($1! 0)")* $" .

9+, C,21)< A (0,< :@61: 2(16,.

9+, C,21)< 16,< 5) 0+, =1)*05 ) = ( ?2,? 6505 )(> :;,*0 56 (>6 2,)(05 ) :@ ( 61: 2(16,.

The mayor of the island is talking of opening up its lush and 4irgin interior tobeefFandFdairy cattle ranching.

RM& 0()&07 +0:07& 7") 0 )0/, )0%- (+0!2107)2 (0 -",")&0*)-" !*: ":0 7*)&""< () #!' /'(0/0!0 0:0 601'>,< +(>=UC,21)< A(@ (>6 :, 02()6>(0,< :@ ( 61: 2(16,.


18/123

There was nothing more to say which didn t pre4ent, as the game went on, a good deal more being said. Rg.Z.E) GS.

L070& )2 %0!2 " %-!0 " 0 "/, 0 M)0 " +0/" !0 )0/*, )0 7 60#":&- %-!0 ($10 "=" 0 "2 /0:0.

T5+ %21- %+/9+,- T+31+; 9+, A,()5)C = 0+, '(60 ',2=,*0 9,)6, 56 161(>>@2,) = 2A6 +(2@ ,4,2 * 5)*5>@. 9+, 6* ?, = 0A,()5)C ()< 0+,52 =1)*05 )6 ()< 16(C, C,),2(>>@ @ ?(205(> ,J154(>,)06.

9+, *(0,C 2@ = )1A:,2 5) K)C>56+ ()< 5) N1665() 56 ( *(6,5) ? 5)0. e 60 =0+, 16, = 0+, 65)C1>(2 ()< 0+, ?>12(> 5) 0+, 0G >()C1(C,6 * 5)*512(> (??,(2 5) 0+, =5260 ?>(*, 5) 0+, 6 U*E5)C1>(25( ()< '>12(>5( 9()01AF 0+(0 56F 5) 0+ 6, ) 1)6 G+5*+ +(4, ,50+,2 )

65)C1>(2 2 ( ?>12(> = 2AF ,.C. gate \ 70&0), ink \ "& !, money \ #"2: , ()


19/123

7:602(*0 ) 1)6 (2, A 2, =0,) 16,< 5) 0+, ?>12(> 5) K)C>56+ 0+() 5) N1665,.C.

The struggles of many sections of the .>. population against the warFlo4ers in 9merica ha4e grown to a height ne4er reached before.

0&2% /0: 6 :&*++ ("!" ' J0"# "-6 x))07 +&0) 7()0&0 $07 701A, = 0+, G 2< V skills W ;1605=5,6 506 02()6>(05 ) :@ 0GN1665() G 2(2.

+-) ($*(()70 V!2"#" $$ +0! ) "($0:0 #"')"!']

E A,05A,6 (05 )F ,.C.

The right to work is ensured by the democratic organi ation of the nationaleconomy, the growth of the producti4e forces and the elimination of crisis andunemployment.

U&70 )&*# 0%"(+" 7")(' #"/0$&) "($0< 0&: 1; ",A()*, i(),S. U0 $&'/ #0&0: , (!070 (07-", ()0'! #*%-.

&06 ?5*012,6J1,),66 56 2,), G+5*+ A(-,6 0+, 02()6>(056,A()05*(>>@ ()< 60@>5605*(>>@ ,J154(>,)0.


21/123

9+, ,A,)0 = 0+, 100,2()*,F =0(** 1)06 = 2 0+, 16, = 0+, ?(6654, = 2A 5) K)C>56+. 76 0+, G 2< 2>@ 16,@ A(2),G6?(?,2 60@>,.

?ears are e pressed that the {orth >ea could be fished out of herring. -($1-7I)(' 0+(" ', )0 1 J"7"&0:0 /0&' /0:*) 7-!07 )2 7(I

("!2#2.

>+/62C1 B 0+, &)=5)5054, ()< 0+, '(205*5?>,6.

9+ 1C+ 0+,6, *(0,C 25,6 (>6 ,D560 5) N1665() 0+,2, (2, * )65, 56+ &)=5)5054, +(6 ',2=,*0 ()< L )05)1 1G+5*+ (2, (:6,)0 5) 0+, N1665() >()C1(C,F G+,2,(6 0+,6, 4,2:(>6 5) 0+, N1665()>()C1(C, +(4, ?,2=,*054, ()< 5A?,2=,*054, (6?,*06F ) )U,D560,)0 5) K)C>56+. 9+,2, 5)=5)5054, ()< ?(205*5?>, * A?>,D,6 5) K)C>56+G+5*+ +(4, ) * 1)0,2?(206 5) N1

T5+ '39:3:-: +; 8 A5)(054, G50+ 0+, 5)=5)5054, R0+, 5)=5)5054, (6 ( 6,* )


22/123


23/123

9+, A,()5)C = 0+, 4,2: Vhas been emptying of W 56 2,)()C1(C, 4(>,)*@Q

] 1# " 0+*()"!0 , /"%"!2 7-7"1! , (0)&*# $ 7-"6! .7 ?(2,)0+,05*(> ?+2(6, 2 *>(16, 6 A,05A,6 :2,(-6 1? 0+, > C5*(> => G =

6,)0,)*, G+5*+ 56 * AA ) K)C>56+ (6 0+, 2,>(05 )6 :,0G,,) 0+, A,A:,26 = 0+6,)0,)*, (2, *>,(2 *>(16, A160 :, ?>(*,< G+,2, 50 > C5*( :,> )C6 0 F 6 A,05A,6 ,4,) = 2A5)C ( 6,?(2(0, 6,)0,)*,.

The Xustice arty in Turkey has taken part in a coalition, and on anotheroccasion its leader has been asked \ but failed \ to form a go4ernment.

U&) ' J+&7"#! 70() 7 *&; 0# &1 * ()707! 7 $0! ; 00/+&7 )"!2()7", 7 #&*:0< &1 ! #"&* +&) %-!0 +&"#!08"0 (H0&/ &07)2+&7 )"!2()70, 0 M)0 "/* " *#!0(2 .

76 0 0+, A 2?+ > C5*(> ,D?2,665 ) = 0+, 61:;,*0 5) 0+, ?25)*5?(> ()< :, ) 0,< 0+(0 6@)0(*05*(> +5,2(2*+@ 2,J152,6 0+, ) 1) 5) 0+, = 2A,2 ()< = ( ?2 ) 1) 5) 0+, >(00,2F 2,C(2,66 = 0+,52 2,6?,*054,

The dark 9lgerian were ripe and as they crawled, the men picked the grapesand ate them. Rl. E0,5):,*-S.

"&-< !8 &($ < 7 0: *8" +0(+"!, +&0#7 :7 "(' +0!1$0/

(0!#)- (&-7! :&01#2' "! 6.

9+, 61: 2(16, 56 02()6>(0,< :@ () (0025:1054, ?(205*5?>, C2 1? 0 (0+, 16, = ( 6,* )< 61:;,*0.

/++ 234 L0.34 =1+ 09 K/2BB2/ 0/B1

g2(AA(05*(> = 2A6 (2, C,),2(>>@ 16,< =2,,>@ (** 25)C15605* =(*0 26F 61*+ (6 21>,6 = (C6@)0(*05* * )6021*05 )F ,0*. 5) 61*+ *(6,6 0+,52 16, 56 ) 0 =2,, :10 : 1)56+ 0+, 65)C1>(2 2 0+, ?>12(> = 2A = ( ) 1) ?2,*,


24/123

9+56 ?12,>@ = 2A(> 21>, = 0+, 6,J1,)*, = 0,)6,6 < ,6 ) 0 =5)< 506 2,=>,*002()6>(05 ) (6 ) 61*+ 21>, ,D5606 5) N1665() ()< 0+, 16, = 0+, 0,)6, = 2A 5),6FA5)10,6F 5) 2,? 206 ()< 2,* 2, = 0+, 6,J1,)*, = 0,)6,6 56 :6,20+2 1C+ 0+, 0,D0Q 0+, 6,J1,)*,6 (2, C 4,2),< :@ 0+, '(60 9,)6, = 0+, 5)505(> 6,)0,) Bhe said, it was reported, they declared, he stressed F ,0*.

9 * )*>1@ =2,, = 2A6 (2, 2,)(05 ) ()< : 1)< = 2A2,J152, 6?,*5(> (00,)05 ).

T?@+1 09 K/2BB2-:,2C T/23190/B2-:031

76 +(6 :,,) 6(5(05 ) 4(25 16 C2(AA(05*(> ()< >02()6= 2A(05 )6 5), 0 (*+5,4, ,J154(>,)*,. 9+,6, 02()6= 2A(05 )6 A(@ *>(66,< 5)0 = 12 0@?,6Q 3. 02()6? 6505 )6I #. 2,?>(*,A,)06I a. (< :, (??>5,< G50+ 2,6,24(05 ). &) A 60 *((2, * A:5),< G50+ ), () 0+,2F A 2, 4,2F C2(AA(05*(> ()< >,D5*(> ,>,A,)06 5)6,)0,)*, (2, 6 *> 6,>@ 5)0,2G 4,) 0+(0 ), *+()C, 5)4 >4,6 () 0+,2F ,.C.

9s they lea4e ashington, the four foreign ministers will be tra4eling togetherby plane.

(" ")-&" / ()& 0()&-6 #"! +0!")') 1 :)0 7/"()".

9+, = >> G5)C 0@?,6 = 02()6= 2A(05 )6 +(4, :,,) 2,6 20,< 0 5) 0+, 02()6>= 0+56 * A?>,D 6,)0,)*,Q

3. 9+, * A?>,D 6,)0,)*, 56 02()6>(0,< :@ ( 65A?>, ), R2,?>(*,A,)0 = 6,)0,)*,0@?,SI

#. 9+, G 2< 2>@ R(> 0+, = 12 0@?,6 = 02()6= 2A(05 )6 (2

65A1>0(), 16>@ ()< (2, (** A?()5,< :@ >,D5*(> 02()6= 2A(05 )6 (6 G,>>.

T/231@01:-:031


25/123

92()6? 6505 ) A(@ :, ,A,)0G 2(16,6 ()< 6,)0,)*,6. 9+,52 2@ 0+, * )0,)0 = 0+, 100G+5>, :6,245)C 0+, ) 2A6 = 0+, 9/.

&) * )65 *(0,C 25,6 = 56+ ()< 5) N1665() 6,)0,)*,6. &0 6+ 1>< (>6 :, )0+(0 0+, 02( G 2< 256+ 56 E1:;,*0 B '2, G,< :@ 0+, ?2,


26/123

9 professor of Esse ni4ersity was critical of the o4ernment social security policy.

U&0H"((0& (("$($0:0 * 7"&( )") $& ) $07! +&7 )"!2()7"*I+0! ) $* (0; !20:0 0%"(+" " '.

E,A()05*(>>@ >5)- 4,2:6 (2, +5C+>@ ?2, ?2,@ 2,?>(*,< :@ ) 1)661*+ N1665() (5)C15605* ?+,) A,) ) G+5*+ =2,J1,)0>@ *(16,6 2,?>(*,A,)06 502()6>(05 ) 56 0+, 16, = ) 1)6


27/123

M)0/ :0#* %*#*) +&0 (60# )2 7-%0&- 7 V/"& $", $0)0&' "=" $0:#" %-! )$0< &1Z"# "0< 01!0%!"0@ = 2A(>. 7*50 ,D?2,66,6 ( 2,>(05 )6 = 05A,F ?>(*,F *(16,F ,0*.

'(206 = 0+, 6,)0,)*, =0,) *+()C, 0+,52 6@)0(*05*(> =1)*05 ) 5) 02()6>(05 )*(165)C ( * A?>,0, 2 ?(205(> 2,* )6021*05 ) = 0+, 6,)0,)*, :@ A,()6 2,?>(*,A,)06.

The hite Qouse correspondents ha4e largely been beaten into submission bythe resident.

U&"1 #") :&*%-/ 8 /0/ 1()7 ! +0# )2(' %0!2 ()70$0&&"(+0#")07 +& "!0/ 50/".

+@C2,+B+3-1 09 1+3-+3,+ -?@+1

9+, 161(> 0@?,6 = 2,?>(*,A,)06 (2, 0+, 61:6050105 ) = ( 65A?>, 6,)0,)*, :@* A?>,D ), ()< 45*, 4,26(I = 0+, ?25)*5?(> *>(16, :@ ( 61: 2(*,A,)0 = 61: 256+ >()C1(C,F ,.C.

[ saw him cross the street and buy a newspaper. 7 #"!, $$ +"&" "! *! ;* $*+ ! :1")*.

7 65A?>, 6,)0,)*, 56 2,?>(*,< :@ ( * A?>,D ),.

Parsel Daussault, the airplane manufacturer who is said to be the richest man

in ?rance had defrauded the go4ernment of million in ta es. R&("!2 5((0, 7!#"!"; 7 ()&0 )"!20< $0/+ , $0)0&-, 6,)0,)*,6 * )0(5)5)C 5)=5)5054, * A?>,D,6 (2, 161(>>@ 02()6>(0,,D 6,)0,)*,6.

7 65A?>, 6,)0,)*, G50+ () (:6 >10, ?(205*5?>, 2 ( ) A5)(054, (:6 >10,* )6021*05 ) 56 161(>>@ 2,)


28/123

ith the fog rolling away and the sun shining out of a sky of icy blue thetre4ellers started on the leg of their climb . R92,4()5()S

G0:# )*/ +0#'!(' (0!;" 1( '!0 60!0#0/ :0!*%0/ "%",!2+ ()- ! +0(!"# < M)+ (70":0 70(608#" '.

&0 6+ 1>< (>6 :, ) 0,< 0+(0 0+, 0@?, = 0+, 61: 2(16, A(@ :, *+() 0+, 602,)C0+ = 16(C,.

>he glanced at rendon, where he sat on a chair across her. RH.i,,?5)CS. +0(/0)&"! &"#0, $0)0&-< ( #"! ()*!" +&0) 7 "".

9+, (@ < ,6 ) 0 =1)*05 ) +,2, (6 () ((*, :102(0+,2 (6 ( G 2< J1(>5=@5)C 0+, 6500,2.

7?(20 =2 A 2,?>(*5)C ( 65A?>, 6,)0,)*, :@ ( 61: 26 :, 2,?>(*,< :@ 0G F 2 A 2, 65A?>, 6,)0,)*,6. &0 ,6?,*5(>>@ ?2(*05*,< 5) 0+, 02()6>(05 ) = 0+, 6 U*(>>,< V>,(,(< 566,)0,)*, = ),G6U5)U:25,= G+5*+ * )0(5)6 0+, A(5) ? 5)0 = 0+, 5)= 2A(05 ). &0 * 5)*5>@ (*,< :@ ( 65A?>, ),.

[t was at the Cth

3ongress that the reat jussian writer Pa im orky met enin for the first time. "! $ < &*(($ < + ()"!2 R$( / L0&2$ < 7+"&7-" 7()&") !(' (

" -/ C (Z"1#" +&) .

Qe could not say anything unless he was prompted. R9(@> 2 L(>>S. "1 +0#($1$ 0 " /0: (!07 ($1)2.

"44:-:031


29/123

9+, 0,),D56@60,A6 = 0+, K)C>56+ >()C1(C, =0,) A(-,6 (,D,6. 9+,2, (2, 0+,2 *(6,6 G+,) (


30/123

7,D5*(> 2,(6 )6. 7 65)C>, 5)60()*, A61==5*, +,2, (6 0+, ?2 :>,A G5>> :, * )65,)C0+ 5) 0+, = >> G5)C *+70(), 16>@.

]Pr 9mes complained his way out of bed ] and went to the door .Rl.E0,5):,*-S

R ()"&


31/123

< ), (6 O.l,6?,26,) G250,6 5) +56 : - Vg2 G0+ ()< E021*012, = 0+, K)C>5>()C1(C,W Vh= 2 0+, :,),=50 = 0+ 6, G+ G,2, 2,=5),< ,D?2,665 )W. g2(@ 60@>5605* (05 ) ,4,) 5) ==5*5(> < *1A,)06 (6 ?>, )(605*F ,.C.

Equality of treatment in trade and commerce. \ |7-" 701/080() 7)0&:07!".

The purposes of the estern owers in pouring arms into [srael ha4e beenopen and unconcealed.

Y+#-" #"&87- $0:# " ($&-7! (70 6 ;"!"(*, (2, =2,J1,)0>@ =,>0 0 :, 2,(16, A(@ :, 2,C(2


32/123

9+, C2(AA(05*(> 6021*012, = ()@ >()C1(C, 56 (6 5A? 20()0 (6 506 G 2(2@. g2(AA(05*(> A,()5)C6 (2, ) >,66 65C)5=5*()0 0+() >,D5*(> A,()5)C0+,@ ,D?2,66 61*+ =1) *(0,C 25,6 (6 0,)6, 2,>(05 )6F C,)6 :, ,D?2,66,< >,D5*(>>@.

9+, A(5) 02()6>(05 ) ?25)*5?>, 6+ 1>< ),4,2 :, > 60 65C+0 = B G+(0 56 ,D?25) () 0+,2F C,),2(>>@ :@ A,()6 = 02()6= 2A(05 )6.

/KL9MNK*EM'&"* % OL*EI

N; *+J:,2C $:99+/+3,+1 L+- ++3 *23 .2 +1

/()C1(C,6 C5*(> ()< C2(AA(05*(> 6@60,A6I 0+,52 6= A,()5)C (2, (>6 ()C1(C, 56 (:>, 0 5=,. 9+56 (:5>50@ = >()C1(C, ,)612,6 * C)505 ) = 0+, G 2>>@ 4(2@ 5)>()C1(C,6. 9+(0 A,()6 0+(0 ()C1(C,6 16, ,A,)06 = A,()5)C 0 5)C6501(05 )6.

>he is not out of school yet. Rg.X,@,2S. "=" " $0 ! $0!- W*=" * )(' 7 $0!" N.

9+, 6(A, =(*0 56 56+ ()< 0+, N1665() >()C1(C,6 :@,A,)06.

enamin paced his chamber, tension building in him. RK.9(@> 2S. "#8/ :! +0 $0/)", ":0 +&'8"0" (0()0' " 7("

*( ! 7!0(2.

9+, * 22,>(0,< 4,2:6 Vto build W ()< ()&0 )2 R?25A(2@ A,()5)C6S +(4,@ 0+, 4,2:()&0 )2 56 1)(**,?0(:>, 5) 0+56 * )0,D0. KJ154(>,)*, 56(*+5,4,< :@ 0+, *+ 5*, = () 0+,2 4,2: B *( ! 7)2(' . 9+, 0G 4,2:6 Vto build W ()(0,< G 2,)0

?,)6 1? C2,(0 ? 665:5>505,6 = 2 02()6>(0 26. 7) 0+,2 ,D(A?>, A(@ 5>>1602(0, 0+


33/123

The cash needed to repair the canal is sitting in the bank. 5"2: , +&"#1 "-" #!' &"/0) $!, 7(" "=" !"8) 7 %$".

9+, 4,2: Vto sit W ()< !"8)2 (2, :@ ) A,()6 * 22,>(0,< G 2,< ) A5)(054,F >. N,=,2,)05(> A,()5)C A(@ :, ?25A(2@ ()< 6,* ) E,A()05* P(25()06 R/EPS.

EB0-: + A,()5)C 1)>5-, 2,=,2,)05(> A,()5)C +(6 ) 50@ :10 0 0+, =,,>5)C6 ()< ,A 05 )6 = 0+, 6?,(-

9+,2,= 2, ,A 054, A,()5)C :,(26 2,=,2,)*, 0 0+5)C6F ?+,) A,)( 2 51(05 ) = 0+,A. KA 054, A,()5)C 56 5)+,2,)0 5) ( (2@ ()< 56 = 2A,< :@ 60@>5605* 2,=,2,)*,F ,.C. face R),102(>SFcountenanceR>50,2(2@SFmug R* >> J15(>S.

+9+/+3-:2C I+23:3 234 :-1 +34+/:3 :3 T/231C2-:03/,D5*(> 02()6= 2A(05 ) G+5*+ (2, ?2(*05*(>>@ (>G(@6 2,J152,< 5) 0+, 2,)

= 2,=,2,)05(> A,()5)C 5) 02()6>(05 ) (2, *(16,< :@ 4(25 16 =(*0 26. 9+,@ A(*>(66,< (6 = >> G6Q

(Sdifferent vision = :;,*06 ()< ?+,) A,)( ()


34/123

7>> 0+,6, G 2>@ )* 22,>(0,< 0+,@ (2, ,J154(>,)06.

Qe was no armchair strategist \ 0)I#2 " %-! $% ")-/()&)":0/.

8 0 )>@ G 2> A,()5)C :10 ,4,) ?2,? 6505 )6 A(@ 5A?>@ 5,6 V0 0,2A5A,A:,26W = 0+, +()< ()< = 0F G+5>, 0+, K)C>56+ >()C1(C,


35/123

$: +/ +3,+1 :3 -5+ +B23-:, -/.,-./+ 09 F0/41

9+, 6,A()05* 6021*012, = G 25*(0,< ?2 :>,A (6 0+, 6*(>>,< * 22,>(0,< G 2()C1(C,6 (2, =(2 =2 A :,5)C 5 5) 0+56 29+, )>@ ,D*,?05 ) (2, 6 A, C2 1?6 = A ) 6,A()05* G 2> :, 0>(0,2.

i54,2C,)*,6 5) 0+, 6,A()05* 6021*012, = G 2()C1(C,6 (2), = 0+, ?25A(2@ *(6,6 = >,D5*(> 02()6= 2A(05 )6. 9+,6, @ 5. 9+, ?25A(2@ A,()5)C6 = * 22,>(0,< G 2, 0+,52 @ ?(205(> * 22,6? )@6,A()05* G 2,D5*(> 6,A()05* 4(25()06 < )

), () 0+,2. E,A()05* * 22,>(05 ) 56 ) 0 0 :, 5)0,2?2,0,< (6 6,A()05* 5@6,A()05* G 2()C1(C,6 56 +(2@ ,4,2 ? 665:>,.E1*+ ?(205(> * 22,6? )>1602(0,< :@ 0+, = >> G5)C ()(>@65

* 22,>(0,< G 2,4,> (2,(F ?>(0,(1I ?(>A = +()S = () K)C>56+ G 2< * )6560 = A 2, 0+() ), 6,A()05* * A? ),)0 2 6= 2A5)C 0+, 6 U*(>>,< V:1),6W = 6,A()05* ,>,A,)06. 9+56 56 161(>>@ 2,=,)0 = ,(*+ /E = 0+, K)C>G 2@656 = 0+, ? >@6,A()05* G 2< VmellowW 6+ G6 0+(0 50 *() A 5*(05 ) * 22,6? )6 = >> G6 =2 A 0+, (: 4, ,D(A?>, 0+(0 0+,2, 56 ) 65)C>, N1665()G50+ ( 65A5>(2 6,A()05* 6021*012, * 22,6? )> 506 A,()5)C6.


36/123

$:99+/+3- >2C+3,?

9+, (?0),66 = ( G 2< 0 (??,(2 5) 4(25 16 * A:5)(05 )6 56 ,D5*(> 4(>,)*@ 2 * >> *(:5>50@ G+5*+ (A 1)06 0 6,A()05* (C2,,A,)0. L >>5A?>5,6 0+, (:5>50@ = ( >,D5*(> 1)50 0 * A:5), G50+ 0+,2 >,D5*(> 1)506F G 2,D5*(> C2 1?6. 7 G 2< (6 ( >,D5*(> 1)50 +(6 : 0+ ?(2(> *(:5>50@. 9+, >,D5*(> A,()5)C = ( G 2< 56 2,4,(>,< 5) ,50+9+, * )0,D06 5) G+5*+ ( G 2< 56 16,< :25)C 10 506 > *(:5>50@ F 0+16 0+, 2()C, = >,D5*(> 4(>,)*@ = G 25)C15605*(> :@ 0+, >,D5*(> A,()5)C = G 250@ = ) 05 )6 ,D?2,66,()C1(C, G 2< :, ) 0,< 0+(0 4(>,)*@ * A?256,6 (>> >,4,>6 = >()C1(C, B ?+ ) > C5*(>F 6@)0(*05*(> ()< >,D5*(> >,4,>6. O)>@ >,D5*(> 4(>,)*@ G5>> :,+,2,.

7 ,< ()(>@656 = =(*01(> A(0,25(> 6+ G6 0+(0 4(>,)*@ 5) 0+, K)>()C1(C, 56 :2 (,D5:>, 0+() 0+(0 5) 0+, N1665() >()C1(C,. 9+56 =* )=2 )06 0+, 02()6>(0 2 G50+ (,6 ( G251),D?,*0,< 5)> G6 0+(0 4(>,)*@ A(@ :, :>5C(0

:>5C(0 2@ ()< G 2> 5)0 0G *(0,C 25,6Q V ?,)W 2 6, ,D(A

( G 2< G50+ ( *> 6,< 4(>,)*@ R. 0+, N1665() (5*+Y6F ,.C.a bad mistake,high hopes, hea4y sea Wrain, snow SF ,0*. 0+, 02()6>(0 2 56 0 =5)< 65A5>(2 9/ *>5*02( * >> *(05 )6Q:&*%' 0 %$, %0!2 " #"8#-, %*&0" /0&", ( !2-@ =2,, 4(>,)*@ 5) 0+, K)C>56+ >()C1(C, (** 1)06 = 2 0+, =2,, 10+, 6 U*(>>,< 02()6=,22,< ,?50+,0 5) G+5*+ > C5*(> ()< 6@)0(*05*(> A


39/123

L0&0# +0()&0" )"&&(6, (+*($I= 6(' $ 01"&*.

76 ( A(00,2 = =(*0 0+,2, 0G 4,2:6 Rto rise ()< (+*($)2(' S A(@ :, *(>>,,6.

E A,05A,6 >@ * A?> ?2,? 6505 )6.

Qe wrote under se4eral pseudonyms, many of his essays appearing o4er thename of ittle {ell . RZ.l +)6 )S.

+ (! +0# &1-/ +("7#0 // , /0: " ":0 0 "&$ +0'7!'! (2 +0#+0#+ (2I G&0 $ O"!!

M6(C, 56 ?(205*1>(2>@ * )6?5*1 16 5) 6,0 ,D?2,665 )6.

The {ew ealand earthquake was followed by tremors lasting an hour. {o lossof life was reported.

U0(!" 1"/!")&'(" ' 7 O070< Y"!# 7 )" " " ( 0=*=! (2)0! $ . v"&)7 " %-!0 .

The fact that the > o4ernment was finally and firmly coming to grips withcrime impressed many.

O /0: 6 +&0 17"!0 7+" )!" " )0, )0 +&7 )"!2()70 J0"# "-6 x))07, $0";, 0 "2 M"&: 0 !0 %0&2%* ( +&"()*+0()2I.

M6(C, ?>(@6 () 5A? 20()0 ?(20 5) 02()6>(05)C 2 6,>@ >5)-,< G50+ 0+, +560 2@ ()< ?A,)0 = 0+, >()C1(C,

>,D5*(> 6@60,A. X,)*, ,4,2@ >()C1(C, *2,(0,6 ?,*1>5(2 *>5*+Y6F 2,(@ +(4, =1>> ,J15) N1665(). 9+,2, (2, 0+, = >> G5)C >,D5*(> C2 1?6 = A ) 6,A()05* G 2 )(A,6F a. )(A,6 = 0+, A )0+6 ()< 0+, 6F m. 6 A, 6*5,)05=5* ()< 0,*+) > C5*(> 0,2A6F n. )(A,6 = 0+, 602,,


40/123

)(A,6 = + 0,>6F %. )(A,6 = 6? 206 ()< C(A,6F b. )(A,6 = ?,25 6F 3$. )(A,5)6050105 )6 ()< 2C()5d(05 )6.

9+, C2 1? = A ) 6,A()05* G 2@ ) A5)(054,. 9+,@ +,>? 0 (*,F 0 2,* C)5d, 0+,A (6 1)5J1,. 9+16 0+,@ +(4, )>@ ) A5A,()5)C ()< (2, >,00,2.

9+,2, (2, 0G G(@6 = 2,)(05 )Q 02()6*25?05 )02()6>(05 ).

92()6*25?05 ) 56 ) G 1)54,26(>>@ (**,?0,cotland \ x0)!# ', [reland \ &!# '.


41/123

E A, C, C2(?+5*(> )(A,6 +(4, 0+,52 02()6>(05 ) ,J154(>,)06 5) N1665()Q3apeof ood Qope \ R-( 50%&0< O#"8#-, Easter [sland \ ()&07 U(6 , ,0*.161(>>@ C, C2(?+5*(> )(A,6 = 0+56 0@?, (2, 0 -,) )(A,6F (6 0+,@ (2, )(A,< (=0,2)(A, = 0+, + >5>@ (66 *5(0,< G50+ ( 9+,@ 0,)< 0 :, A ) 6,A()05* 5) 0+, C54,) :2()*+ = 6*5,)*, 2 0,*+) > C@ ()0+,2,= 2, ,(65>@ *(>> = 20+ 0+, 2,J152,< * )*,?0. 9+,@ (2, 02()6>(0,< :@ * 22,6?

N1665() 0,2A6Qcalorie \ $!0& ', equator F M$7)0&, polysemantic \ /0:01 -< :, : 2), 5) A5)


42/123

\ &"#$; ' 8*&! $00/ () +0/"=")(' &"# #! ()& ) :10 tailorsli4ed in Threadneedle street \ +0&)-" 8 ! *! ;" :0!$ ( O )$06 (2, 161(>>@ 02()6*25:,6 161(>>@ 02()6*25:,


43/123

+&01& 0" 7 0_ bright day \ (7")!-< #"2_ bright reply \ %!"()'= < 0)7")_ abright boy \ (+0(0%-< , (/- !"-< /!2 $. 9+, = >> G5)C ,D(A?>,6 5>>1602(0,0+, 5A? 20()*, = 0+, * )0,D0 5) 02()6>(05 ).

The construction of the { was no simple or easy task.This e plains the peculiar construction of the >ecurity 3ouncil.

&) 0+, =5260 6,)0,)*, 0+, G 2< Vconstruction W +(6 0+, A,()5)C = V(*0 =,*0,< 5) 0+, N1665() 02()6>(05 ).

J01# " O %-!0 " +&0()0< " !":$0< 1# "(05 ) 56 :45 16. 9+, A5*2 *5A?>5,6 ) 0 )>@ >,D5*(> :10 (>6 6@)0(*05*(> (A:5,)0 ,>,A,)06F ,.C.Qthe elm stoodbefore the house \ +"&"# #0/0/ ()0'! 7'1_ he stood a whisky and soda \ 0

*:0() ! /"' 7 ($ ( (0#070< 70#0@ 2,4,(>6 0+, 5)0,)@6,A()05* G 2< :10 (>6 506 * )*2,0, 2 (:602(*0F 506


44/123

9+, 6 U*(>>,< * )0,D01(> A,()5)C 56 (>G(@6 5) ()< * : 1)54,6 )>@ 5) 506 * )0,D0 ()< 0,2, A,()5)C = ( G 2< 56 161(>>@ 6,A()05*(>>@ 25*+,2 0+


45/123

]he was a landlord with a Tory background.]0 %-! +0/"= $0/ +&0 (60# ! 1 ("/2 $0("&7)0&07.

arents of genuine hippies find themsel4es up against a type of mentality withwhich they are unprepared, either by background or e perience, to cope.

|0# )"! *%"8#"-6 6 ++ ()!$ 7I)(' ( )$ / 0%&10/ /-(!"ecretary of >tate to determine after aninter4iew whether it was going to be on the record, off the record or only forbackground. RL(2> T,2)60,5)F T : H


46/123

= 2A 5) A()@ >()C1(C,6. 9+,@ ,D?2,66 ) 0 )>@ 6*5,)05=5*F 6 *5(> ()< ? >505* :10 ,4,2@>Qelectronics \ M!"$)&0 $_ dynamic \# / -


47/123

9+, * )0,D01(> A,()5)C = 0+, G 2< Ve ploitation W 56 A,0 )@A5*(> B 0+, ? G,2= * > )5(> 6@60,A6 G(6 :(6,< ) ,D?> 50(05 ). 7 65A5>(2 A,0 )@A5* 02()6=,

0+, G 2 A,()5)C6. 9+16 0+, G 2(0,< :@ {.L+1- 46-@S.

9+, (< ) 0 :, 6150(:>, 5) ( 0(>, = 2 *+50+, 02()6>(0 2 5)02


48/123

8 )U,J154(>,)06 (2, E/ G 2 1)506 5) 9/ 4 *(:1>(2@.

9+, (:6,)*, = ,J154(>,)06 A(@ :, ,D?>(5),< : 0+ :@ ,D02(>5)C15605* ()5)C15605* 2,(6 )6. 7** 2@F ) )U,J154(>,)06 A(@ :, *+(2(*0,2 ()< (2, 05,< 1? G50+ 0+, +560 2 ?, ?>, 6?,(-5)C 0+(0 >()C1(C,F 0+, C2 G0+ = 506 *1>012,F 506 G(@ = >5=, ()< 0L1>012(> 50,2(> 6,)6, = 0+, G 2,< V:(225,2 = 1)02()6>(0(:5>50@W1)02()6>(0(:5>50@S. 9+, G 2 )C5)C 0 0+56 C2 1? * 4,2 ( G5> (6 050>,6 = ? >50,),66F,0*.

9+, 6,* )< C2 1? ,A:2(*,6 G 25)C15605* 2,(6 ) +(4, ,J154(>,)06 5) 0+, 0(2C,0 >()C1(C,F 0+, 6 U*(>>,< >5)C15605* >()*1)(,F ,.C. pri4acy,in4ol4ement, glimpse, conser4ationist, en4ironmentalist, oralist, readership, riser,bedder, 4oteFgetter, statehood, ,0*.

&0 6+ 1>< :, 602,66,< 0+(0 0+, 0,2A V) )U,J154(>,)06W A,2,>@ 5A?>5(:6,)*, = ( G 2< 2 ( G 2(2@ = 0+, 0(2C,0 >()C1(C

< ,6 ) 0 ,D*>150@ = 2,),)06W 5) 02()6>(05 :@ (05 ).

T/231C2-:03 09 #03GED.: 2C+3-1

9+,2, (2, 0+2,, G(@6 = 2,),)06 5) 02()6>(05 ).

%y %orrowings

9+, : 22 G,< G 250,2(0,< 2 02()6*25:,(00,2 ?25)*5?>, 56F6,,) =2 A 0+, (: 4, ,D(A?>,6F (??>5*(:>, 0 0+, 2,) C56A6.

%y translation loans Qouse of 3ommons \ U!) %= , backbencher \ 1#"($/"" $,

brain trust \ /01:070< )&"(). %y &escriptive or nterpreting Translation andslide \ +0%"# 7-%0&6 ( 0:&0/-/ +"&"7"(0/ :0!0(07_


49/123

a stringer R.S \ () 0 1')-< $0&&"(+0#"), )&*# $0)0&0:00+! 7")(' 1 &( ") $0! "()7 (!07_

a conser4ationist Wen4ironmentalistN \ "!07"$, 01%0 "-< 1:&'1" "/! * )08" "/ 0$&*8I="< (&"#-.

i5==,2,)*,6 5) *1>012(> :(*-C2 1)< =2,J1,)0>@ 2,J152, ,< (5(2 0 0+, )(054, 2,(5(2 0 0+, 2

= 0+, 02()6>(05 ). 7

%y &escriptive or nterpreting Trnslation


50/123

?eedback \ 0%&)' (7'12, acti4ism \ : ); 0' #"')"!20()2,bugging \ ) C56A6 A(@ :, 2,C(2,)06 ()< 02()6>(0,1(05 ).9+, ,>,A,)0 = ,A 054, A,()5)C A(@ :, 2,C(2,>,A,)0 = 0+,52 6,A()05* 6021*012,F ,.C. lo4e, hate, to cry, to suffer, ,0*.

e 2?+ > C5*(> =(*0 26 A(@ +,5C+0,) 0+, ,A 054, A,()5)C (>2,(.

Despite the limitation on its urisdiction, the [nternational 3ourt of Xusticemanages to smooth a considerable number of petty frictions, and keep them frombecoming serious 4e ations . R'./@ )S.

O"(/0)&' )$0" 0:& " " (70"< I& (# $; , R"8#*&0#0/*J*#* *#")(' (:!8 7)2 1 )"!20" $0! "()70 /"!$ 6 )&" < "#7)2 / +"&"&())2 7 ("&2"1-" $0H! $)-.

9+, ,A 054, A,()5)C 56 *2,(0,< :@ * )) 0(05 )6 G+5*+ A(@ :, ? 65054, ),C(054,. &) 0+, = >> G5)C ,D(A?>, Vthe endless resolutions recei4ed by the {ational

eace 3ommittee W +(6 ? 65054, * )) 0(05 )6. &06 * 22,>(0,< G 256+ ) 1) VblowW 56 ),102(> :10 G+,) 50 56 16,< G50+ 0+,

?2,? 6505 ) V= 2W 2 V(C(5)60W 50 (*J152,6 ? 65054, 2 ),C(054, * )2,6?,*054,>@ R+,>?F ?? 6, B 9+, LOiS G+,2,(6 0+, N1665() ) 1) (>G(@6 ,4 -,),C(054, * )) 0(05 )6.

The peaceful policy of the >o4iet nion is a tremendous blow for peace. R &' +0! ) $ J07")($0:0 J0I1 '7!'")(' 0:&0/-/ 7$!#0/ 7 #"!0

0%"(+" " ' / &.

9+, N1665() 4,2: 01& )2 * )4,@6 ? 65054, * )) 0(05 )6F ,.C."" ! ;001& ! *!-%$ , G+,2,(6 506 2,=,2,)05(> ,J154(>,)0 5) K)C>56+ 56 ,45@ ),102(>.

Qorror dawned in her face. RP5*0 25( X >0S


51/123

O "" ! ;" +0'7 !0(2 7-&8" " *8(.

9+,6, * )) 0(05 )6 A(@ = 2A ?(20 = 0+, 6(A, 6,A()05* 6021*012, = ( G 26 :, > *(05 )6 G50+ *,20(5) G 2,A,)0 = 4,+,A,)*, 56 @ =,>0 5) (>> 0+,6, 16,6 = 0+, GV fierce W * 22,6? )> 506 ,D5*(>U6,A()05* 4(25()06. T= >> G5)C ,D(A?>, 0+, 2,=,2,)*, = 0+, (>@ 16,< (6 () ,D?>,054,. &06 4(C1, 2,=,2,)05(> A,()5)* AA,)0,< 1? ) :@ 0+, G250,2.


52/123

[n a fury of haste he dragged a bottleFgreen sweater o4er the dark red one hewore. osh , he e claimed, this is fierce . hat he designated as V fierce Wcanonly be guessed, but probably referred to the furious speed with which life wasmo4ing. Re. ( N *+,S.

%"1*/0< (+" $" 0 )'*! )"/0F1"!"-< (7 )"& +07"&6 )"/0F$&(0:0, $0)0&-< "/ %-!. "&) 7012/ , F 70($! $*! 0 \ 1#0&070 .)0 0 60)"! ($1)2 M) /, /080 )0!2$0 #0:#-7)2(', 701/080 0 /"!7 7 #* )* %" "*I ($0&0()2, ( $$0< !")"! 8 12.

9+,2, (2, *(6,6 G+,) fierce > 2,=,2,)*, :,* A,6 ( A,2,5)0,)65=5,2} 0+, 02()6>(05 ) 5) 61*+ *(6,6 56 ?12,>@ * )0,D01(>~ K.C. fierce black hair,

fierce red moustache \ "&-" $$ (/0!2 70!0(-, 0:"0F&-8 " *(-.

E A,05A,6 > G 0+, 16, * 22,>(0,< N1665() G 2< G50+ 0+, 6(A, 2,=,2,)*,.

[n the general strike, the fight against the depression, the antifascist struggle,and against Qitlerism the ritish 3ommunist party played a proud role.

0 7&"/' 7("0%="< 1%()07$ 7 %0&2%" +&0) 7 $& 1 (, 7) H ()($0< %0&2%" 7 (/0< V:! 7 %0&2%" +&0) 7 : )!"& 1/$0//* () "($' +&) ' "! $0%& ) :&! 7-#I=*I(' &0!2.

V roud W ()< \7-#I=


53/123

G 2 16, R5.,. G 2 ?12? 6,S ? 66,665)C ) 6?,*5(> 602,=,2,)*, ()< -) G) (6 ),102(> G 2 G 2> J15G 250,2(2@ G 2>. L >> J15(> G 250,2(2@ G 2, ),102(> G 25605* =1)*05 ) = 0+, 56+ 4 *(:1>(2) 0 6 A1*+ ) 0+, 5)),2 J1(>505,6 = ,(*+ = 0+, C2 1?6 (6 ) 0+,52 5)0,2(*05 )

?? 6,< 0 ), () 0+,2.

Py dear 3opperfield , said Pr. Picawber, this is lu urious. This is a wayof life which reminds of a period when [ was myself in a state of celibacy , and Prs.

Picawber had yet not been solicited to plight her faith at the Qymeneal altar.RL+. i5*-,)6S

e2. e5*(G:,2c6 6?,,*+ 56 *+(2(*0,25d,< :@ +5C+>@ >50,2(2@F ? A? 16 G 2 ?+2(6,6.

R0< #0&0:0< G0++"&H !2# , F ($1! / ()"& R $0%"&, F )0 &0($0 0 . )0) 0%&1 8 1 +0/ ") /" 0 )0/ 7&"/" , $0:# ' (/%-! 7 (0()0' %"1%& ' , / (( ( R $0%"& "=" " */0!'! +& "()$!')7- !)&" L /""'.

[f you don^t keep your yap shut ] Rl.E(>5)C,2S (! )- " 1)$" 2(']

Then he really let one go at me.*) 0 /" 7&"1! +0F()0'="/*.

9+, ,D(A?>,6 =2 A E(>5)C,2 (2, 5) A(2-,< * )02(60 0 0+, J1 0(05 ) =2i5*-,)6. 9+, G 2> J15(>F :10 6>()C G 2>@ >50,2(2@.

&0 G 1>< :, () ,22 2 0 02()6>(0, ( ),102(> 2 ( >50,2(2@ G 2< :@ ( * >> J

2 ( * >> J15(> G 2< :@ ( >50,2(2@ ), 2 0 5)02 > J15(> G 2< 5* )0,D0. 7 A560(-, = 0+56 )(012, **126 5) 0+, ,D*,>>,)0 02()6>(05 ) = V9+, X56X,)2@ K6A )(6+)5- 4(Q

>he had recourse to the ultimo ratio of all women and burst into tears . +& %":! $ ultimo ratio 7("6 8"= *#& !(2 7 (!"1-.

9+, * A:5)(05 ) = ( /(05) ?+2(6, G50+ ( ) )U>50,2(2@ ?+2(6, 56 *,20(5 ;(225)C. 9+, 6,0 ,D?2,665 ) Vto burst into tears W 56 ),102(> ()< 506 ,J154(>,)0 G 1>< :, 1! )2(' (!"1/ . 9+,@ ? 66,66 () ,J1(>


54/123

T/231C2-:03 09 %5/21+0C0 :,2C =3:-1

'+2(6, > C5*(> 1)506 (2, 161(>>@ *>(665=5,< 5)0 0+2,, :5C C2 1?6Q ?+2(6=165 )6F ?+2(6, > C5*(> 1)505,6 ()< ?+2(6, > C5*(> * >> *(05 )6.

'+2(6, > C5*(> =165 )6 (2, ) )UA 054(0,< C2 1?6 = 2A5)C 5), : 0+ 6,A()05*(>>@ ()< 6@)0(*05*(>>@. 9+,52 A,()5)C 5) e 56+ < ,,A,)06. 9+,@ 6,>< AF 5= ,4,2F +(4,,J154(>,)06 5) 0+, E ()< 9 >()C1(C,6 ()< (2, 161(>>@ 2,)(05 ) 2 :@ ?(2(?+2(65)CF ,.C.to paint the lily \ +-))2(' *!* )2 !

*$&( )2 )0F!., *8#I=""(' 7 *!* " ! *$& " _ 1 /)2('%"(+!0#-/ #"!0/_ )&) )2 7&"/' ! ( !- +0+*()*. To show the white feather

\ ()&*( )2, +&0'7 )2 )&*(0()2.9+, A,()5)C = ( ?+2(6, > C5*(> =165 ) A(@ )(012(>>@ :, 2,)


55/123

Too many cooks spoil the broth. F z ("/ '"$ # )' %": :!1*.To buy a pig in a poke \ G*+ )2 $0) 7 /" $".

iberal P. .^s claimed to be united behind their leader while, at the sametime, strewing banana skins in his path.

%"&!- \ !"- +&!/") \ *)7"&8#! , )0 0 0%Z"# ! (270$&*: (70":0 ! #"&, 7 )0 8" 7&"/' 0 +0#()7!'! "/* 08$* $8#0/ :*.

E/ ?+2(6, > C5*(> 1)505,6 6 A,05A,6 +(4, 6@) )@A 16 9/ ,J154(>,)060+, *+ 5*, 56 ?,) 0 0+, 02()6>(0 2 ()< 56 161(>>@ ()C1(C, ,J154(>,)06 ? 66,665)C )(05 )(> * > 125)C 0+ 1C+ ,D?2,60+, 6(A, 5< :, (4 55,) )(05 )(> * > 125)CF ,.C.to carrycoals to {ewcastle 6+ 1>< ) 0 :, 02()6>(0,< :@ 0+, N1665() ?2 4,2:5(> 6(@5)C "1# )2 7 *!* (0 (70 / (/07&0/ . &) 61*+ *(6,6 0G 6 >105 )6 (2, ? 665:>,Q (S 0

?2,6,24, 0+, 5A(C, = 0+, K)C>56+ ?+2(6, > C5*(> 1)50@ B $)0 " 701 ) *:0!2 7 O2I$(!_ :S 0 2,6 20 0 5)0,2?2,05)C 02()6>(05 ) B 1 /)2(' %"(+0!"1-/ #"!0/.

9+, 6(A, ?25)*5?>,6 (2, (??>5,< 0 0+, 02()6>(05 ) = ?+2(6, > C5*(> 1)5050+, = 2A = 65A5>,Qcold as ice \ 60!0#-< $$ !"#_ as old as the hills \ ()& $$

/ &_ brown as a berry \ 1:0&"!- C5*(> =165 )6 ()< 1)505,6 56 ;1605=

=(*0 0+(0 0+,52 >50,2(> A,()5)C 56 61??2,66,< :@ G+(0 A(@ :, 0,2A,< 0+,52 02()6A,()5)C G+5*+ * )4,@6 0+, 5


56/123

&03,/+-:Q2-:03

E A, C2 1?6 = >,D5*(> 1)506 2,J152, * )*2,05d(05 ) 5) 02()6>(05 ). 9+56 50+, C2 1?6Q3. 81A,2 16 ) 1)6 = 2A,< :@ 6?,*5=5* 61==5D,6 = (:602(*0 A,()5)C. e()

61*+ ) 1)6 +(4, ) * 1)0,2?(206 5) 0+, N1665() >()C1(C,F ,.C.ministership, presidency , electorate, statehood, ,0*.

#. 7:602(*0 G 2,)06 5) N1665()F 0+, 6 U*(>>,< >(*61*+ (6e posure, occupant R1)>,66 (6 ( A5>50(2@ 0,2AS.

a. g,),2(>5d5)C G 2,)06 5) N1665() :10


57/123

|"$; 0-" &"8 /- (+0!21*I) 7(" H0&/- #7!" ' ( ! ', )0%-+& *# )2 *+&'/-6 1% &)"!"< +& ')2 * () " 7 7-%0&6.

uerto jico may launch a dri4e for > statehood. 01/080, U*M&)0 | $0 ") $/+ I 1 )0, )0%- ())2

))0/ JxV.

9+, (:602(*0 G 2< V statehood W 56 * )*2,05d,< :@ A,()6 = () (61: 2(16, = ?12? 6,.

H 2,)5) 0+, N1665() >()C1(C, (2, 02()6>(0,< :@ 6 A, * )*2,0, G 2< >@ * )4,@,< G50+ 0+, +,>? = 2,?>(*,A,)06(,4()*,.

Qe was hea4ily built. \ z ":0 :&*1' H :*& .

9+, 2 >, ()< 0+, 65C)5=5*()*, = 0+, * )0,D0 56 G,>> 5>>1602(0,< :@ 0+, =,D(A?>,F 0+, 02()6>(05 ) = G+5*+ 56 5d5)C G 2,)06 5) N1665() :10 G+5*+


58/123

9+, 2,?>(*,A,)0 = 0+, ) 1) Vman W :@ ( ?2 ?,2 )(A, 56 )(012(> (6 T,);(A5)-),G e(60,26 ) ()< G(6 5) +56 + 16,.

urn it, man, and who will be the wiser, ehJ08: %*/:*, $)0 ":0 " *1")

7) 0+,2 C2 1? 56 = 2A,< :@ ( >(2C, )1A:,2 = G 2


59/123

9+, > J15(> G 2< V party W R0(0%S 56 A500,< 5) 0+, 02()6>(05 )(6 50 6,24,6 +,2, A,2,>@ (6 ( ?2 ?UG 2> ( < 1:>, =1)*05 ) B >,D5*(> ()I 0+,@ *() :, 16,< (6 >,D5*(> 1)506 ? 66,665)C 2,=,2,)*, 2 (6C2(AA(05*(> 65C). 9+, ) 1) piece 5) 506 >,D5*(> =1)*05 ) A,()6 V( :50 = 6 A,0+5)CRa piece of bread SI 5) 506 C2(AA(05*(> =1)*05 ) 50 * )*2,05d,6 () 1)* 1)0(:>, ) 1012)5)C 50 5)0 ( * 1)0(:>, ), Ra piece of furniture, a piece of ad4ice, two pieces of

furniture, two pieces of ad4ice S.9+, G 2 C5*(> *>(66 5)0 () 0+,2I (?(20 =2 A :,> )C5)C 0 2,=,2,)05(> ) 1)6F 16,< (6 he took things terribly seriously. R7. X1D>,@S. 7(" +& /! 0 "2 %! 1$0 $ ("*.

&) 0+56 *(6, 0+, ) 1) Vthings W 56 02()6>(0,< :@ ( C,),2(>5d5)C G 26 *(6,6 G+,) 0+56 G 2< 2,J152,6 * )*2,05d(05 ).

Qe came in sight of the lodge, a long, low frowning thing of red brick.R7.H5>6 )S.

*7 #"! #0/ $ +& 7&) $, #! 0" 1$0", 6/*&0" 1# " 1 $&(0:0

$ &+ .

E?,*5(> (00,)05 ) 6+ 1>< :, ?(5< 0 0+, 02()6>(05 ) = 4,2:6 = G5 *(05 )6.

>o far C people ha4e died in floods in Dacca pro4ince.

U0 /"I= /(' (7"#" '/, C "!07"$ *)0*!0 W+0: %!0N 70 7&"/'70#" ' 7 +&07 ; 5$$.

9t the byFelection 4ictory went to the labour candidate. O #0+0! )"!2-6 7-%0&6 +0%"#* 0#"&8! $# #) !"


60/123

L )*2,05d(05 ) 56 =0,) 2,6 20,< 0 5) 0+, 02()6>(05 ) = 4,2:6 = 6(@5)C.

?ather she cried, the diamond is gone9re you out of your mind [ asked her.

one says enelope. one, nobody knows how RH.L >>5)6S.)"; 1$& ! 0, !/1 +&0+! .

5 )- ( */ (0 ! 70($! $*! '.( "1 , +07)0& ! U""!0+. ( "1, $)0 " 1") $$ / 0%&10/ .

7) 0+,2 4,2: G+5*+ +(6 :,* A, ?(205(>>@ ,D5*(> A,()5)CF 506 >,D5*(>U6,A()05* 4(25()0 56 >(2C,>@ 5d(05 ) 56 0+, ?? 650, = * )*2,05d(05 ). &) 0+56 *(6, ( E/ G 2* )*2,0, A,()5)C 56 2,) A,()5)C. 9+56 0@?, 56 ) 0 6G5,66 =2,J1,)0>@ 0+() * )*2,05d(05 ). e(@ :, 0+56 56 5d(05 ) (??,(26 0 :, >(*-5)C ( 65A5>(2 >5)C15605* = 1)5d(05 ) 56 2,6 20,< 0 = 2 ?2(CA(05* 2,(6 )6 5) 2cheme \ as it was later to be called \ was launched. )$ !0(2 0(*="()7!" " M)0< %"1*/0< 1)" , $$ 7+0(!"#()7

L&& U0!! )) !"- &"#$0!!": *)0 0 1-7! +! 1# ' +"&706 0+, )(012, = ?(2(?+2(65)CQ 0+, *>5*+Y Vto keep offthe air W 56 02()6>(0,< :@ ( * 22,6? )5*+Y B ! )2 +&7 7-()*+)2+0 0F * )4,@5)C 0+, 6(A, 5,D5*(> A,()6.

9+, =54, 0@?,6 = >,D5*(> 02()6= 2A(05 )6 * )655d(05 )F ()0 )@A5* 02()6>(05 )F A,0 )@A5* 02()6>( ?(2(?+2(65)C ?2(*05*(>>@ * 4,2 0+, =5,>


66/123

9+, 02()6>(05 ) = 0,D06 :,> )C5)C 0 60@>,6 = 0+, ?2,6,)06 ( 4(60 * A?2,+,)654, ?2 :>,A.

7 60@>, = >()C1(C, 56 (0,< ()< = 2A ( 6@60,A 56 *+(2(*0,25605* = ,(*+ 60@>,. :,> )C5)C 0 ,6 = >()C1(C, ? 66,66 5605* =,(01(2, ,(65>@ 2,* C)5d(:>, (>0+ 1C+ 0+,@ A(@ 0 6 A, ,D0,)0 4(2@ =2 A >()C>()C1(C,. 9+,6, =,(012,6 *() :, *>(665=5,< (6 >,(. 9+, >,(()C1(C,6. 9+,@ (2, 2,=>,*0,< 5) 0+, * A? 6505 ) = ,(*+ 0,D0F 5) 506 6@6021*012,F 5) 0+, *+ 5*, = >5)C15605* A,()6 ()< 60@>5605* >@ **12 5) ,6 :10 0+,52 16, ()< =1)*05 )6 (2, 60@>, 56 ( 61:U6@60,A = 0+, >()C1(C,F ( = 2A = * AA1=1)*05 )5)C 5) 0+, 6?+,2, = ==5*5(> 2,>(05 )6. 9+, (5A = * AA1)5*(05 ) 5) 056 0 2,(*+ (C2,,A,)0 :,0G,,) 0G 2 A 2, * )02(*05)C ?(205,6. 9+, 0,2A = 61*(C2,,A,)06 A160 :, = 2A1>(0,< *>,(2>@ ()< 1)(A:5C1 16>@ 5) 21< ? 665:5>50@ = A565)0,2?2,0(05 ). L )6,J1,)0>@ 0+56 60@>, 56 *+(2(*0,25d,< :@G 2 )(012, G+5*+ A(-, 0+56 60@>, ,6 ()< ,(65>@ 2,* C)5d(:>,. E A, = 0+,A +(4, 0+,52 * 1)0,2?(206 5

0(2C,0 >()C1(C, (2, 0 :, 16,< :@ 0+, 02()6>(0 2F ,.C.The >ecurity 3ouncil shall, where appropriate, utili e such regional

arrangements or agencies for enforcement action under its authority. RL+(20,2 = 0+,M)50,< 8(05 )6F (205*>, maS.

J07") "10+(0() (+0!21*"), :#" M)0 */"()0, )$ " &": 0!2-"

(0:! " ' ! 0&:- #!' +& *# )"!2-6 #" 60@>,. 9+, ?(2,)0+,05*(> ?+2(6, VG+,2, (??2 ?25(0,W ?2,*, 4,2:

Rutili eS G+5>, 5) N1665() 50 * A,6 (=0,2 0+, 4,2:(+0!21*"). 9+, (0025:1054, * A:5)(05 ) 83 p 8 # Renforcement action S +(6 506

* 1)0,2?(20 V() (


67/123

&) (** 2(05 ) = =< *1A,)06 2,J152,6 10A 60 ?2,*565 ). KJ154(>,)*, 5) 0+, 2,)(0,< E/ ()< 9/ ?(00,2)6F :10 5*()) 0 :, (*+5,4,< (0 0+, ,D?,)6, = 0+, N1665() >()C1(C,. Z 2 ,D(A?>,F6@) )@A 16 ?(526 G+5*+ +(4, () (C,U> )C 02(50,2(2@ K)C>56+=2,J1,)0>@ 16,< 5) ==5*5(> 60@>,Qthe treaty was declared null and 4oid_ ust andequitable treatment_ in good and due form, ,0*. 61*+ 16, = 6@) )@A 16 ?(526 5)

==5*5(> < *1A,)06 56 ) 0 6 G5 605>, (6 0+,@ (2(6 ?>, )(605* ()< 0+,2,= 2, 0+,@ (2, * AA )>@ 02()6>(0,< :@ ), G 2>@ < ,6 ) 0 16>@ 2,)10,. |,0 G5)C 0 ()C1(C,6 0+, = >> G5)C *+()C,6 +(4, :,,) A( ?2,5)- 4,2: p ?2,(0,< :@ ( 4,2:(> ?2,5*+Y B760# )7_0+, ,>>5?05*(> * )6021*05 ) Rthe third in distance S 56 02()6>(0,< :@ ( * 2(16, B '7!'")(' )&")2"< +!")0< +0 *#!"0() 0) J0!; I 0+, (:6 >10,* )6021*05 ) Rthe mean distance of the earth from the sun being a most importantastronomic constant S 56 (>6 2,)


68/123

9+,6, 60@>,6 ? 66,66 A()@ =,(012,6 5) * AA ) @,0 0,D06 :,> )C5)C 0 060@>,6 ?2,6,)0 * )65, 4(25,0@ ()< A(@ :, , ?2 ?,2S (2, 6 5A?,26 )(> 5) *+L>5*+Y6 = 2A () 1060() ?,*1>5(2505,6Q A5665 ) = (1D5>5(25,6F ( G5> A(-5)C = 2 * A?(*0),66.7205*>,6 * )0(5)5)C * AA,)0(25,6 R?1:>5*560 60@>, ?2 ?,2S *+5,= (A )C

,6F ? 66,66 ( 125)C. 9+,52 4 *(:1>(2@ 56 >50,2(26@)0(D 56 2(0+,2 * A?>5*(0,1,)*, ?1:>5* ?5)5 )F5)= 2A 0+, 2,(5(2 =,(012,6 G+5*+ +(4, ),J154(>,)06 5) N1665() ),G6?(?,2 60@>,Q 0+, 16, = 0+, '2,6,)0 0,)6, 5)60,(< = 0'(60I 0+, 16, = 0+, 8 A5)(054, &)=5)5054, * )6021*05 ) R( 6,* ) 02()6= 2A(05 )6 +(4, :,,) 2,6 20,< 0 5)02()6>(05 ) = 0+, (: 4, :25,= ) 0,.

O70#" " 7 Y:&"%"J0:!(0 (00%=" '/, 7 "& 7 Y:&"%" 7 &"1*!2))" 70#" ' +0: %!0

0# #;)2 "!07"$, #"(')$ )-(' 0()! (2 %"1 $&07.

9+, 5)= 2A(05 ) * )0(5),< 5) 0+, 25C5)(> 0,D0 56 2,),)0>@F )50,A +(6 :,,) A500,< :10 0+, ) 2A6 = 0+, N1665() ),G6?(?,2 60@>, +(4, *(16,< 0+

A5665 ) = 6 A, >,D5*(> 1)506 ()< 0+, 16, = 61:6050105 )6.L AA,)05)C (205*>,6F (6 +(6 :,,) ? 5)0,< 10F :,(2 ( 125)C . 9+, 16, = 0250, A,0(?+ 26F = 2 ,D(A?>,F 56 A 2, =2,J1,)0 5) K)

),G6?(?,26 0+() 5) N1665() ?(?,26. 9+(0 56 G+@ 0250, A,0(?+ 26 (2, ) 0 5)=2,J1,)061:605010,< 2 ,4,) A500,< 5) 02()6>(05 ).


69/123

9+, A,0(?+ 2 16,< 5) 0+, = >> G5)C ,D(A?>, 56 0 ),< < G) 5) 0+, 02()6>(00,D0.

The [ndustrial jelations ill is an attempt to slit the throat of tradeFunions. Y$00+&0"$) 0% 0)0 " '6 7 +&0/- !"0() \ M)0 +0+-)$

1#* )2 +&0H(0I1-.7>0+ 1C+ 0+, A,0(?+ 2 Vto slit the throat W +(6 ( * 22,6? ),)0 5)

0+, N1665() ?+2(6,+"&"&"1)2 :0&!0 N1665() 16(C, < ,6 ) 0 (


70/123

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

==5*5(>F 6*5,)05=5* ()< ),G6?(?,2 0,D06 0+, > 66,6 (2, C2(AA(05*(> 2 >,D5*02()6>(05 ) = T,>>,6U/,002,6 0,D06 0+, > 66,6 (2, (>6 60@>5605* (==,*05)C 0+4(>1, = 0+, 02()6>(0,< 0,D0. 9+56 ? 5)0 A(@ :, 5>>1602(0,< :@ 0+, = >> G5)C0(-,) =2 A X.H.e 20 )c6 : - V&) E,(2*+ = / )< )WF 0+, 60@>, = G+5*+ *4,2@ *> 6, 0 5A(C5)(054, ?2 6,. &0 56 ( ?5*012,6J1, ()< 5A?2,6654, = X,)2@ P.

9s the two miles of pompous grief passed through the streets of ondon, e4eryciti en stood at his doorway holding a lighted taper.

)0 7&"/' $$ )0&8"()7"' +060&0' +&0;"(( ' , &()'*7 '(' #7" / ! , #7 :!(2 +0 *! ;/ 0#0, 7 #7"&'6 $8#0:0 #0/ ()0'! ":0

601' ( 188"0< (7" 0< 7 &*$6.

9+, 6025-5)C A,0 )@A5*(> 02()6=,2,)*, = A,()5)C Rtwo miles of pompous grief S *()) 0 :, ?2,6,24,< 5) 02()6>(05 ). 9+, * A:5)(05 )#7" / !)0&8"()7"0< ($0&% 56 (C(5)60 0+, ) 2A6 = N1665() 4(>,)*@. 9+, > 66 5,D?2,6654,),66 56 ,4510,>@ 1)(4 5,.

KA 054, ?2 6, (: 1)G(@6 61:;,*054,F 6025-5)C ()< 25C5)(> +56 :,(2 0+, 5A?25)0 = +56 5)5605*


71/123

E A,05A,6 5) 0+, (00,A?0 0 ?2,6,24, 0+, G250,2c6 5A(C,2@ (0 0+, 6(A, >,4,>,D?2,6654,),66F 0+, 02()6>(0 2 V2,6+1==>,6W (>> 506 * A? ),)06 (6 < ,6 l1>5( 5) +,2 ,D*,>>,)0 02()6>(05 ) = 0+, = >> G5)C ,D02(*0 =2 A Z(1>-),2c6 60 2@.

They passed so, that semblance of a thrust and a hawk in terrific immobility inmidFair, this an apparition \ like suddenness a soft clatter of hoo4es in the sereneedle and were gone, the man stooping, the woman leaning forward like a tableauof flight and pursuit on a lightning bolt.

+0'7 ! (2 "08 #0 $$ #*6 , )$ 8" "08 #0 ( "1! 7 /':$0/ ()*$" $0+-) +0 (*6 / (0(07-/ :!/, F #7" +) ;-, 1()-7 " 7%-()&0/ $$ 7")"& +0!")", $0& * ":0 #0%- .

9+,6, ,D(A?>,6 ,6?,*5(>>@ 0+, >(00,2 ?2 4, 0+(0 0+, * )*,?05 ) = ,J154(>,)5) 0+, 02()6>(05 ) = ,A 054, ?2 6, 56 =>,D5:>,F :2 (< ()< * A?2,+,)654,. KJ154(>5) 0+56 *(6, 56 =1)*05 )(>F (5A,< (0 ?2 (2 ,==,*0 5) 0+, 9/F * )4,@6(A, 125)C 5) * )= 2A50@ G50+ 0+, (150(054,>@ ,J154(>,)0. / 66,6 G+5*+ (2, 5),450(02()6>(05 ) *() ),(2>@ (>G(@6 :, * A?,)6(0,< = 2 :@ ( 6-5>=1> 16, = 61:6050 :,*(16, 0+, 6(A, ,==,*0 *() :, (*+5,4,< :@ 5605* 0 )S.

9+, *(16(054, 4,2: p * A?>,D :;,*0 6021*012, 56 ?,*1>5(2 0 0+, K)C>5>()C1(C, ()< 0+,2, 56 ) * 22,6? ) 66 = 5A(C,2@F :100+, 2,=,2,)05(> A,()5)C 56 2,)


72/123

9+, 60@>5605* 6@60,A = ( >()C1(C, >5-, 506 ?+ ),05*F C2(AA(05*(> ()5605* (2 :10=1)*05 )5)C 5) ,(*+ >()C1(C,F 0+,52 6?,*5=5* G,5C+0 ()< 0+, =2,J1,)*@ = 0+,52 G5@ 5605* 02()661:6050105 ) ()< * A?,)6(05 ). T@ A,()6 = >,D5*(> ()< C2(AA(05*(> 02()6= 2A0+, 02()6>(0 2 (*+5,4,6 () ,J154(>,)0 2,),D5*(> ()< C2(AA(05A,()5)C = ( G 2< 2 ( = 2A. 9+, 6(A, ?25)*5?>, 56 4(>5< G+,) 2,)A,()5)C = 0+, A,66(C,F 0+(0 56F 2,?2 (2 ,==,*0 5) 0+, 9/ 0,D0F (2( 65A5>(2 2,6? )6, ) 0+, ?(20 = 0+, 9/ 2,(> G(6 *(>>,< = 20+ :@ 0+, E/ 9+, 02()6>(0 2F + G,4,2F 56 =0,) * A?,>>,< 0 (*+5,4, 0+, 5)0,)


73/123


74/123


75/123

7 02()6>(0 2 6+ 1>< :, =1>>@ (G(2, = 0+, @ 0250, ()< G+(0 56 60@>5605*(>>@ 25C5)(>. &0 ,6?,*5(>>@60@>5605* (2@F A,0(?+ 26F A,0 )@A5,6F ,?50+,06F 65A5>,6F ,0*. 60@>5605* ,J15=1) 2,J152,A,)0.

'1:>5*560 ()< ),G6?(?,2 60@>,6 +(4, 56+ ()< N1665() ()< 5) * )= 2A50@ G50+ 0+,6, ) 2A6 *,20(5) 60@>5605* A > J15(> ()< ,4,) 6>()C G 2@ 16,56+ ),G6?(?,2 60@>, ()< 0+,2,= 2, ( 0@?5*(> A (05)C),G6?(?,2 0,D06 5)0 N1665() 56 ( 6G50*+ =2 A * >> J15(> 2 ),102(> 0 >50,2*+()C,6 (2,


76/123

9+, * >> *(05 ) ($7"&' +0:0# 60!0#0< 70< 45 >(0, 0+, ) 2A =N1665() 60@>5605* 16(C, (6 G 1>< 0+, * A:5)(05 )#&*12' / &.

The >uppression of 3ommunism 9ct of @AC in >outh 9frica, howe4er, wasonly the opening wedge of suppression . RH.' A,2 @S.

Y$0 0 +0#7!" $0//* 1/ 7 80< VH& $" %-! +& ') 7 @AC :.0#$0 M)0 %-!0 )0!2$0 !0/ &"+&"(( (*,< :@ 0+, G 2


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9+, A,0(?+ 25* ,?50+,06 Vlimping W () 1)50 G+5*+ +(6 ) ,J154(>,)0N1665().

{e4er before had ucy met that negati4e silence in its full perfection, in its fullcruelty. Qer own edges began to curl up sympathy. Rl. 9,@S.

O $0:# "=" I( " ()!$ 7!(2 ( )$ / %(0!I)-/ /0! "/,()0!2 6&$)"&-/ #!' :! ()0!2 %"(+0=#-/_ 7 "< (/0< !0

1$ +)2 ":0#07 " .

9+, A,0(?+ 2 5) 0+56 ,D(A?>, V+,2 G) , 1? 5) 6@A?(0+@W>5)-,< 1? G50+ 0G ?+2(6, > C5*(> 1)505,6Q

3. to be on edge B 0 :, ,D*50,< 2 52250(:>,I #.to set person^s teeth on edge B ;(2 +56 ),24,6F (==,*0 +5A G50+ 2,?1>65 ) R9+, L )*56, OD= 2< i5*05 )(2@S. 9+


78/123


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,?50+,06 (6 Vhasty luncheon WF Vquick cigarette WF Vaccusing finger WF Vindifferent shoulder WF ,0*. +(4, :,* A, *>5*+Y6 0+2 1C+ 0+,52 =2,J1,)0 16,.

E A, A 6 = 02()6=,22,< ,?50+,06 (2, A 2, 1)161(> ()< 0+,2,= 2, A 2,D?2,6654, :10 ),4,20+,>,66 (2, 2(2,>@ ?2,6,24,< 5) 02()6>(05 ).

]his commanding officer had called him ] and sent him on his pu led way.Re. H,60S.

G0/# & +017! ":0 ] +0(!! ":0 ( +0&* " "/, $0)0&0" (07("/01# !0 ":0 .

9+, N1665() 02()6>(05 ) 5) -,,?5)C G50+ 0+, ,D5605)C ) 2A6 = 4(>,)*@,60(:>56+,6 0+, > C5*(> >5)- :,0G,,) 0+, (0025:10, ()< 0+, A @ 2,=,26 0 0+, 5A?>5,< G 2< Vinter4al WRbetween the doors S G+5*+ 56 5)02 (05 ).

*1$0/ )"/0/ +&0/"8*)$" /"8#* #7"&'/ 0 7-*! (70< + ()0!").

>:0C2-:03 09 %5/21+0C0 :,2C =3:-1 234 :-1 +34+/:3

7) 0+,2 60@>5605* 6 :, 56 0+*(>>,< 45 >(05 ) = ?+2(6, > C5*(> 1)506 2 2,) 4(05 ). 9+56 C5*(> 1)506Q =165 )F 1)505,6 ()< * >> *(05 )6. T10 C5*(> 1)506 (2, ,(65>@ :2 -,) :@ 6 A, >,D5*(> ,>,A,)0 G+5*+ 56 ,50+,2

2 61:605010,@ , * >> *(:5>50@ = 0+, K)C>56+ >()C1(C,.

9+, 61:6050105 ) = ( * A? ),)0 ,>,A,)0 A(@ :, (*+5,4,< :@ ( 6@) )@A 2 ()()0 )@AF :@ ( G 2< G50+ ( 2,6,A:>5)C 6 1)< = 2AF 2 :@ ()@ G 2< ?2 A?0,G(@6 **(651)?2,,F ,.C.

E4ery country on the old continent has a fine collection of skeletons in thecupboard.

z 7("6 "7&0+"


80/123

9+, A,()5)C 56 =1>>@ 2,)5605* ,J154(>,)*,.

The resident is not going to be a bull in the economic china shop. 70+&0(6 M$00/ $ +&"1 #") " (0% &")(' 7"() ("%' $$ (!0 7

+0(*#0< !7$".

9+, 1602(0,< :@ 0+, = >>

,D(A?>, =2 A H5)60 ) L+12*+5>>c6 6?,,*+ 5) 0+, L AA )6 (=0,2 0+, l(?(),6, (00(*) ',(2> X(2: 12Q

[ hesitate to e press opinions about the future, because things turn cut so 4eryoddly, but [ will go so far as to say that it may be Xapanese, whose game is what [may call To make hell while the sun shines are more likely to occupy themsel4es in

securing their rich pri es in the hilippines, the Dutch East [ndies and the Palayan 9rchipelago .

7(":# $0!"%!I(2, $0:# +& 60# )(' 7-($1-7)2 /" "0)0( )"!20 %*#*=":0, +0)0/* )0 (0%-) ' &17"&)-7I)(' )$ /"+&"#7 #"-/ 0%&10/, 0 ' +0170!I ("%" ($1)2, )0, 701/080, '+0;-,

:& $0)0&-6 1$!I ")(' 7 )0/, )0%-, +0!21*'(2 %!:0+& ')-/

0%()0')"!2()7/ , )70& )2 $$ /080 %0!2 " %"#, ($0&"< 7(":0 %*#*)()&)2(' 1$&"+ )2 1 (0%0< (70 ;"-" +& 0%&")" ' K ! ++ 6, 7

L0!!#($0< ()F # R!(05 ) 56 ,)+()*,< :@ ( ?>(@ ) G 205)C* A:5)5)C 0G ?+2(6, > C5*(> 1)506Q ( ?2 4,2: Vto make hay while the sun shines W()< ( * >> *(05 ) Vto make hell W.

O)>@ 6,A()05* ,J154(>,)*, 56 (*+5,4,< 5) 0+, 02()6>(05 )F (6 0+, * 22,6? )5A50,< 6*(>, 50 *() +(2@ ,4 ?2,6,24,(0 2 ()< 0+,52 2,)@ (0 0+, * 60 = * A?(*0),66.

9+56 56 G,>> 5>>1602(0,< :@ 0+, G 2< Vhackdom W 5) 0+, = >> G5)C ,D(A?>,Q


85/123

] no one who knows his long, dreary record in the Qouse, `C years of plodding through hackdom would e4er accuse him of being a leader.

] $0/* 1 )"6, $)0 1$0/ ( #! )"!2-/ *-!-/ +&"%-7 "/ M)0:0"!07"$ 7 G0:&"((", " +& !0 %- 7 :0!07* 17)2 ! #"&0/ M)0:0

+0(&"#()7"0:0 $0:&"((/", $0)0&-< `C !") $0&+"! # (/0>@ * 22,6? )< 0 0+, * 22,>(0,< ) )*,UG 2< V faceful W.

',2+(?6 0+, A 60 ?2 > 61==5D,6 56 0+, 61==5D \er 16,< : 0+ = 2

) A5)(>5d(05 ) ()< = 2 60@>5605* ?12? 6,6. 9+, =2,J1,)*@ = 506 C2(AA(05*(>5d(05 )F 5) 0+,2 G 2he is a leaner , leans on me, breathes on me, too, but her breath is sweet like acow^s breath. >he^s a thoucher, too. Rl.E0(5):,*-S.

R0' #0 $ !I% ) +& (!0')2(' , +& (!0'")(' $0 /" #- ) /"'. O0 0) "" +& ')0 +6") /0!0$0/, $$ 0) )"!"$. )$8" !I% ) )&0:)2 /"'.

i,6?50, 506 1)54,26(> *+(2(*0,2 0+56 61==5D 56 ,(65>@ = 2,C2 1) G50+ ,D5605)C ),6 :15>4,2: :10 +(45)C (


86/123

E A,05A,6 0+, 61==5D \er 5)


87/123


88/123

)$ &"1$0 +0()7 ! 7(" ")-&" #)&"(*)-" $ ()0! *#7"& , )0 < &(+!"($!('.

&) 0+56 *(6, 0+, 4,2: Vto splash down W * )0(5)6 0+2,, 6,A,6Q 0+, (*05 ) 506,>=F 5*+(2(*0,2 ()< 506 2,61>0.

>moke sorrowed out of the chimney. R'.H+50,S. 1 )&*% +" !20 +0# /!(' #-/.

EB@52-:, &031-/.,-:031

KA 054, * > 125)C ()< ,D?2,6654,),66 = 6?,,*+ A(@ :, (*+5,4,< :@ 4(25 1,A?+(05* A,()6 : 0+ C2(AA(05*(> ()< >,D5*(>. KD?2,6654,),66 ()< ,A 054, * > 126+ 1>< ) 0 :, * )=16,,6 = >()C1(C, G+5*+ >(*- ,A 054, * > 125)CF 45d. 0+

= 6*5,)05=5* ?2 6, ()< ==5*5(> 60@>,. KA?+(05* A 6 C54, ?2 A5),)*, ,50+,>,A,)0 = 0+, 100,2()*, 2 A(-, 0+, G+ >, 100,2()*, = 2*,=1> ()< ,D?2,6654,.

KA?+(05* A,()6 = 0+, K)C>56+ >()C1(C, ?2,6,)0 C2,(0 4(25,0@ ()< :,(2 *+(2(*0,2. E A, ,A?+(05* A 6 5) K)C>56+ ()< 5) N1665() * :10 0+,2, (2, * )65, , 0(6-.

nversion as a #eans of Emphasis

9+, ,A?+(05* 2 >, = 5)4,265 ) 56 ( G,>>U-) G) =(*0F ()< ),,< ) 0 :,* )65@ 0 :, A,)05 ),< 0+(0 0+, 60@>5605* =1)*05 ) = 5)=2,J1,)0>@ 2,),D5*(>>@.

p goes unemployment, up go prices, and down tumbles the labour 4ote.

"1&%0) ; &"1$0 *7"! !(2, ;"- +0#($0 ! , $0! "()70 :0!0(07,+0#-6 1 !"


89/123


90/123

O 7("/ +*) / " +0+!0(2 0#0< %0!2 0< #"&"7 , 0#0:0+0&'#0 0:0 +0()0'!0:0 #70&, )0!2$0 $&060)-" #"&"7* $ 8!$ "+ 7-", 0 L&& ()0'! )0/, )0%- 0()07 )2(' 7 0#0< 1 6 +0+&0%07)2 ')2 60&0 6 !0 #",D5*(> ? 665:5>505,6 = = 2,C2 1)6 * )65,. 7 G250,26 A,05A,6 6-5>>=1>>@ 16,6 ( G 2< 5) () 1)161(> * A:5)(05 ) G5)C 0 G+5*+ 50 :,* A,6 * )6?5*1 16 ()< (*J152,6 C2,(0,2 ,D?2,6654, 4(>1,.

[ suggest, Pr. >peaker, that the go4ernment and its Department of 3iti enshipand Emigration ha4e their collecti4e sheet fimly rooted in the nineteenth century.R7.X(>>,@S

7-($1-7I +&"#+0!08" ", / ()"& J+ $"&, )0 +&7 )"!2()70 R ()"&()70 +0 #"!/ :&8#()7 M/ :&; 7(" "=" *+0&0 ;"+!'I)(' 1 +& ; + [ 7"$.

9+, 1)161(> * A:5)(05 ) V* >>,*054, =,,0W *()) 0 :, ?2,6,24,< 5) N1665()R_ G 1>< :, 1)(**,?0(:>,S ()< )>@ 0+, 6,A()05* (6?,*0 = 0+,

* A:5)(05 ) 56 2,)(05 ).E0@>5605* A,()6 ()< ,A6 = 202()6>(05 ). 9+,@ ? 66,66 ( *+(2(*0,2 (>0+ 1C+ (0 =5260 65C+0(??,(2 0 :, 5. Z 2,C2 1)< >5)C15605* A,()6 C54, 256, 0 ?(205*1>(2>@ +( ?2 :>,A6 (6 6?,*5=5* )(05 )(> >()C1(C, A,()6 (2, :2 1C+0 5)0 ?>(@ :@ = 2,C2 1),.C. (205*>,6F 61==5D,6F 0+, ?(6654, 4 5*,F * )4,265 )F ,0*.

9+, 02()6>(0 2 A160 :, =1>>@ (G(2, = 0+, =1)*05 ) = ( 60@>5605* , 0 2,?2 , > 66,6 ,)*, A(@ :, (*+5,4,< :@


91/123

A1>05?>, A,()5)C6. T,*(16, = 0+56 =(*0F ( 02()6>(05 ) :(6,< ) (),U0 U ), 61:6050105 ) = G 2< A (**,?0(:>,. H, +(4, (>2,(, ()< 0+, 0,>,6* ?, ,D(A?>,. H+,0+,2 (02()6>(05 ) 56 < ), :@ ( +1A() 2 ( * A?10,2F A,()5)C *()) 0 :, 5C) 2,> C54, 6 A, A 2, ,D(A?>,6 (6 ,45(05)C.7 * >>,(C1, =2 A X >>()< 2,* 1)0,< 0+, = >> G5)C 021, ,D?,25,)*,. X, G(602(4,>5)C 5) Z2()*, ()< 5)C 0+, =,A(>, +(52< :, 02()6>(0,< 5)0 Z2,)*+. X, G(6)0 612, G+,0+,2 0+(0 02()6>(05 )G 1>< G 2- 5) 0+56 6501(05 )F :10 +, 025,< 50 ()@G(@. X, * )*>1(0, 0+, i10*+ G 2< = 2 ?(20 2

> :,02()6>(0,< (6 ( ,A~H, ,D?,*0 ( G 2< G50+ 6+(2?>@ (05 )6F ,< 0+, 6(A,. T10 =120+,2 5)4,605C(05 ) 6+ G6 0+(0 +560 25*(>>@ 0+,=5)()*5(> ()< 254,2 A,()5)C6 = :()- (2, 2,>(0,= 2 2556+i5*05 )(2@F 3b%bF ??. ba$Uba3S. 9+, =5)()*5(> 6,)6, ,4 >4,< =2 A 0+, A ),@*+()C,26 0(:>, 2 6+,>=F G+5*+ G(6 25C5)(>>@ ?>(*,< ) ( A 1)< = ,. 9+, 254,2 A,()5)C +(6 2,A(5),< A 2, *> 6,>@ 05,< 0 0+,

25C5)(> A,()5)C = 0+, G 2* )),*05 ) :,0G,,) 0+, 0G A,()5)C6 = :()-F G, < ) 0 ,D?,*0 0+,5202()6>(05 ) 5)0 () 0+,2 >()C1(C, 0 :, 0+, 6(A,F ()< 50 161(>>@ G5>> ) 0


92/123

:, 0+, 6(A,. 9+56 ,D(A?>, =120+,2 (05 ). 7 +1A() G5>> ,(65>@ @ ),,,(2) + G ,(*+ A,()5)C 56 02()6>(0,< ( * A?10,2 A(-, 0+, 4,< * )65@ 4,2 0+, @,(26 56 0+, T25056+G 2< 02,(*>,F G+5*+ ) G A,()6 A >(66,6. &0 56 < ()5A(>. O), A5C+0 (6- + G 5) 0+,G 2>< 50 +(6 * A, 0 A,() A >(66,6. 7 * >>,(C1,F &() {,>>@F 61??>5,< A,G50+ 0+, = >> G5)C +560 2@ = 02,(*>, RZ5C12, #Q K0@A > C@ =

02,(*>, S. 9+, 25C5)(> G 2< = 2 ( G5>< ()5A(> *(A, 0 2,=,2 0 0+, :50,= ( G5>< ()5A(>. 9+,) 0+, A,()5)C :2 ((0,2 6+5=0,< 0 2,=,2 0 0+, A,>>(0,2F 50 6+5=0,< 0 2,=,2 0 ( 6G,,0 61:60()*, A5D,< G50+ ( A,(0(:>,. 7)< =5)(>>@F 50 )(22 G,< < G) 0 ), 61*+61:60()*,F A >(66,6. 70 ,(*+ 60,? (> )C 0+, G(@F 0+, ),D0 6+5=0 5) A,()5)CG(6 1)?2,,F @,0 5) +5)>1602(0,6 ( C,),2(> ?25)*5?>, = >()C1(C,. 70 ()@ ? 5)0 5) 05A,F 0+, ),D0 6+5=0 5) A,()5)C = 2 ( G 2< 56 ) 0 ,)052,>@1)>5A50,> ) 0 6+5=0 5) ( G(@ 0+(0 56 0 0(>>@1)* )),*0,< G50+ 506 *122,)0 A,()5)C. T10 G, *()) 0 ?2,@ G+5*+* )),*05 ) 0+,2, G5>> :, :,0G,,) 0+, *122,)0 A,()5)C ()< 0+, ),D0 A,()5)C.

H, *()) 0 ,4,) A(-, ( >560 = (>> 0+, ? 665:>, * )),*05 )6. H, )>@ -) G0+,2, G5>> :, ( > C5*(> * )),*05 )F (0 >,(60 (6 ()(>@d,< 5) +5)5*(05 )6 = 0+, +(52*10F :()-F ()< 02,(*>, ,D(A?>,6~ 96,, 0+,52 5A? 20()*, 0 02()6>(05 )F G, A160 ) 0, 0+(0 G 2 )C 0+, 6(A, ?(0+6 5) (>> >()C1(C,6. E5A?>@ :,*(16, 0+,2, 56 (G 2< 5) i10*+ 0+(0 A,()6 : 0+ ?(20 ()< > :, ), G 2< 5) Z2,)*+ G50+ : 0+ A,()5)C6. H, < ) 0 ,D?,*0 0+,0G A,()5)C6 = :()- 0 +(4, 0+, 6(A, 02()6>(05 ) 5) () 0+,2 >()C1(C,.

H, < ) 0 (661A, 0+(0 0+,2, 56 ( G 2< 5) e (66,6 ()< 56 < ()5A(> ;160 :,*(16, 0+,2, 56 61*+ ( G 2< 5) T25056+ K)C>56+. K(*+ >()C1(C,= >> G6 506 G) ?(0+ 5) 0+, ?A,)0 = A,()5)C6 = G 20FG, ,)< 1? G50+ ( A56A(0*+ :,0G,,) >()C1(C,6F ()< ( G 2< 5) ), >()C1(C,*() :, 02()6>(0,< 6,4,2(> ,(65>@ 6,)6, 0+(0 A1>05?>,02()6>(05 )6 (2, ?2 :(:>@ 5)4 >4,< +(4,0@. H+(0 *(16,6 02 1:>, 5) 02()6>(05 ) = 2 +1A()6 56 0+(0 ,4,)61:0>, 0 5) (05 )6. & G5>>C54, ( =,G ,D(A?>,6.


93/123

9+, K)C>56+ G 2< =56+ *() :, 16,< 0 2,=,2 0 ,50+,2 ( >54, =56+6G5AA5)C 5) ( 254,2 R0+, ), 0+(0 C 0 (G(@SF 2 ( ,(),< ()< 56 2,(56+ A(-,6 (65A5>(2 ,(2 + G ( 6?,(-,2 = K)C>56+ 56 61?? 6,< 0-) G 0 > - = 2 0G 02()6>(05 )6 = =56+ 5)0 E?()56+. 9+, 2,61>0 560+(0 () 1)-) G>,, +1A() A(@ 16, 0+, G2 )C 02()6>(05 ) 1)05>* 22,*0,56+ ,D?2,665 ) 0+()- @ 1 56 ?2 :>,A(05*(> C 5)C 5)0 l(?(),6,.9+,2, (2, 6,4,2(> 02()6>(05 )6 0+(0 (2, ) 0 5)0,2*+()C,(:>, ()< 5C(0,< 0 ?,2= 2A0+, 6,245*, ()< + G A1*+ ,== 20 G(6 5)4 >4,56+F G, A(-, 4(25 16>5 ) ()< G+(0 ( =25,)@ +(4,0+, 6(A, : 1),(2) 0+,6, ,== 20. &0 56 ) 0 *>,(2 + G 0 0,>> ( * A?10,2 + G 0 A(-,0+,A./()C1(C,6 (2, *,20(5)>@ 5)=>1,)*,< :@ 0+, *1>012, 0+,@ (2, ?(20 =. 9+,4(25,0@ = 0+()-5)C G 2,*05 ) = 0+, 60@>5d,50,),66 5) 0+,52 *1>012, (6 :6,24,< :@ H,60,2),26.9+, Z2,)*+ A(-, () 1),D?,*0,< (05 ) = 0+,K)C>56+ G 2< )1,(C1

4,2 506 02()6>(05 ) 5)0 Z2,)*+. H, G,2, 2,45,G5)C ( :5>5)C1(> Z2,)*+ ()56+ 56+ 4,2616 T25056+K)C>56+F ()< 0+56 G 2< G(6 ), = A()@ 0+(0 6?(G),< >,(C1,F G+ +(< >54,< 5) Z2()*, ( )1A:,2 = @,(26 (C F 0+ 1C+0 0+,Z2,)*+ G 2< )1< :, 0+, :,60 02()6>(05 ). & +(< (>6 >54,< 5)

Z2()*, ) 6,4,2(> **(65 )6F 6 A,G+(0 A 2, 2,*,)0>@ 0+() +5AF ()< +(< )>@+,(2< 0+, Z2,)*+ G 2< )(012560, 16,< 0 2,=,2 0 )1@F & 6(G () (205*>, 5) ( Z2,)*+ ),G6 A(C(d5), 0+(0 2,6 >4,< 0+,5661,. 9+, (205*>, 5*0 :,0G,,) 0+, )1, 0+(0,D?>(5),< + G 0 0,>> 0+,A (?(20. 7 )1(*,6 ( +5C+ 4(>1, ) ( C 0+,6 G+,) (G(@ =2 A 0+, )15*F ()< 0,) - < G) ) ( )1@ ( =5C+0 5)


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d, ( ),G 16, R( ?2,00@025*-@ 0(6- = 2 ( * A?10,2S ()< 0+,) :, (:>, 0 * A, 1? G50+ () (**,?0(:>,02()6>(05 ) 0+(0 56 ) 0 ) 0+, >560.9+, ? 5)0 = 0+56 (0, =56+F 0+()-@ 1F )1()C1(C, 5) 2,()C1(C,6 ()< () (:5>50@ 0

G50+ @ 1 *2 664,2 0 0+, 0+,2 >()C1(C,. 3 &)(05)C 5)0 ()< 4,2@602 )C 5) 0+, >()C1(C, @ 1 (2, 02()6>(05)C =2 A. T,5)C ( )(054, 2),(2U)(054, 6?,(-,2 5)4 >4,6 A 2, 0+() ;160 A,A 25d5)C > 06 = =(*06 (: 10G 216 5)*>150@ 0 G50+ ),G 6501(05 )6(??2 ?25(0,>@. 8 > 0+, 6 >105 )6 65)*, 0+,

?2 :>,A 56 (>G(@6 *+()C5)C (6 ?, ?>, 16, G 2 G(@6. 9+,6, 161(>16,6 = G 2> 0+, 05A,. E A, )>@ >(60 = 2 0+, >5=, = (* )4,26(05 ) 2 () ,. O0+,26 *(0*+ ) ()< :,* A, ?(20 = 0+,>()C1(C,. E A, )(054, 6?,(-,26 ? ( 02,A,)< 16 6-5>> 5) 5)C G50+0+, 61:0>,05,6 = 02()6>(05 ). X G,4,2F ) * A?10,2 56 ( )(054, 6?,(-,2 =( +1A() >()C1(C,. 7>> * A?10,26 60(20 10 G50+ 0+,52 G) >()C1(C, ()< (2,0(1C+0 +1A() >()C1(C, >(0,2 ). 9+,@ ),4,2 021>@ -) G 50 0+, G(@ ( +1A())(054, 6?,(-,2 -) G6 ( >()C1(C, G50+ 506 A()@ >,4,>6 ()< 5)025*(*5,6. i ,60+56 A,() 0+(0 5= G, 0(1C+0 ( * A?10,2 ( +1A() >()C1(C, 60(205)C 0+,5)60()0 50 *(A, == 0+, (66,A:>@ >5),F 50 * 1>< >,(2) 50 ?,2=,*0>@~ &< )0 0+5)- 6 . L A?10,26 < ) 0 >,(2) 5) 0+, 6(A, G(@ G, < . H, * 1>< 6(@


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0+(0 * A?10,26 *()0 02()6>(0, >5-, +1A()6 :,*(16, 0+,@ < ) 0 >,(2) >5-,+1A()6. 9+,) G, 605>> +(4, 0 ,D?>(5) G+@ * A?10,26 < )0 >,(2) >5-,+1A()6. H+(0 56 A5665)C 5) ( * A?10,2 0+(0 56 ?2,6,)0 5) ( +1A()~ T15>,6 C54,) 6 =(2F & G5>> (05 ) 0+(0 (2, 5)0,)< ),,< 5) 2()C1(C,0+, G(@ +1A()6 < F :10 =5260 & G5>> A(-, ( @F 5) 2(05 )F @ 1 A160 =5), G 2()C1(C,. X,2, G, G5>> A(-, ( 4,2@ 5A? 20()0 >()C1(C, ()5d,< 0,2A5) > C@. &) C,),2(> >()C1(C,F 50 56 1), 0 2,?,(00+, 6(A, G 2< 4,2 ()< 4,2 1)),*,66(25>@. P(25,0@ 56 +5C+>@ 4(>1,5d,< 0,2A5) > C@F * )6560,)*@ RG+5*+ G 1>< :, *(>>, >()C1(C,S 56 +5C+>@ 4(>1,@ (52?>(),. 8 GF 2,012)5)C 0 0+, J1,605 ) =(**,?0(:>, 02()6>(05 )F & 6(5< 0+(0 0 ?2 , 02()6>(05 )F@ 1 A160 =5)< (**,?0(:>, G 25d,< 0,2A5) > C@F 50

6+ 1>< :, 0+, ), ()< )>@ 0,2A 5) 0+, 0+,2 >()C1(C, 0+(0 +(6 :,,)(2 >()C1(C, = 2 ( ?(205*1>(2 :;,*00+2 1C+ 10 ( ?(205*1>(2 < *1A,)0 2 6,0 = < *1A,)06. &) 0+, *(6, =C,),2(> 4 *(:1>(2@F 0+,2, A(@ :, A()@ ? 0,)05(> 02()6>(05 )6 = 2 ( C54,)G 2>S = 0+, ? 0,)05(> 02()6>(05 )6G5>> :, (**,?0(:>, ) ( C54,) **(65 ) 5) ( C54,) 6 12*, 0,D0. H+(0(05 ) 56 ), = 0+, (**,?0(:>, ),6~ 8 G & 2,012) 0 0+, ?2 A56,< 0@?,6 = 02()6>(05 ) 0@. 9+, =5260

0@?, = 02()6>(05 ) 0@ 56 0+, A 60 ,(65>@ 2,6 >4, 4 *(:1>(2@ 2 ( 6?,*5(>5d,(2@F 50 56 1)> )(054, 6?,(-,26 = K)C>56+ 02,=,2 0 ( 2 (, = 2 02()6? 205)C C2 1?6 = ?, ?>,. X G,4,2F 50*() (>6 :, 16,< (6 () 50,A = 6?,*5(>5d,< 0,2A5) > C@. E?,*5(>5d, C@ 56 ,< < A(5)6. &) 0+,< A(5) = * A?10,26F 0+, 0,2A :16 2,=,26 0 ( * A? ),)0 = ( * A?10,20+(0 +(6 6,4,2(> 6> 06 5)0 G+5*+ *(2(*,< RZ5C12, aQ 9GA,()5)C6 = :16 S. O), *(2< A(@ * )02 > ( LiUNOe


96/123

()< ?,) 50 1?F @ 1 *() ?2 :(:>@ 6,, 0+, :16 = 2 @ 126,>=.76 (>G(@6F 0+,2, 56 ( * )),*05 ) :,0G,,) 0+, ),G A,()5)C ()< 0+, >4,6 *(22@5)C *(2, 0+, >< ), 5)4 >4,6 *(22@5)C ?, ?>,. &) 0+56 *(6,F 0+, ),G A,()5)C +(6 ) 0 61?,26,< ),. 9+,@ : 0+ * )05)1, 0 :, 16,< :, 2,( ,D(A?>,6F 0 (661A, 0+(0 : 0+ A,()5)C6 G5>> :,02()6>(0,< 0+, 6(A, G(@ 5) () 0+,2 >()C1(C,. 9+, G(@ 0 4,2* A, 0+560@F ,50+,2 = 2 ( +1A() 2 = 2 ( * A?10,2F 56 0 2,* C)5d, G+,0+,2G, (2, 165)C 0+, G 2< (6 () 50,A = C,),2(> 4 *(:1>(2@ 2 (6 ( 6?,*5(>5d,50@ 0 ()5d,< 16,6 = ( G 2(2 < A(5)F 0+,) 50 56 =0,) A,2,>@( A(00,2 = * )61>05)C ( 0,2A5) > C@ >@F 50 56 ) 0(>G(@6 (6 ,(6@ (6 & +(4, (0 2 0 6?,)< ( 0+52< = 0+, 05A, ),, C@ , 0 (??2 ?25(0,>@ G50+ ),G 6501(05 )6.H+,) 0+, 6 12*, 0,D0 56 2,6025*0,< 0 ), ?(205*1>(2 < A(5)F 61*+ (6* A?10,26F 50 +(6 :,,) J150, ,==,*054, 0 ?2 C2(A ( A(*+5), 02()6>(05 )6@60,A 0 * )61>0 =5260 ( 0,2A5) > C@ 0 ( C,),2(> 6.

E1?? 6, ( 0,D0 5* 02()6? 20(05 )4,+5*>, 0+(0 5)*>15d,< 0,2A. 7+1A() 02()6>(0 2 G 1>< ) 2A(>>@ +(4, ) 02 1:>, -,,?5)C 0+, 0G 16,6 =:16 602(5C+0F :10 ( 0@?5*(> A(*+5), 02()6>(05 ) 6@60,A G 1>< :,+ ?,>,66>@ * )=16,@F 0+56 0@?, = 0@ G(6 5>>1602(0, A(*+5), 02()6>(05 ) = ( >,00,2. 9+, >,00,2 :,C() i,(2 T5>>()< 0+, A(*+5),F G+5*+ G(6 01),< 5)0 0+, < A(5) = :165),66 0,2A6F *(A,1? G50+ 0+, g,2A() 02()6>(05 ) /5,:, N,*+)1)CF G+5*+ A,()6 6 A,0+5)C >5-,

T,> 4,< &)4 5*,.


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9+56 =5260 0@?, = 0@ 56 0+, 0(6- = 5d,< 0,2A ()< 506 16, (6 ( G 2< = C,),2(>

4 *(:1>(2@. O), A5C+0 0+5)- 0+(0 5= 0+(0 (2@. H, +(4, (>2,( ,D(A?>,6R=56+F 21)F ,0*.S 0+(0 50 56 ,66,)05(> 0 16,6 = ( G 2< 5) 2(05 ). H+(0G, +(4, ) 0 >,> ?2 45(665* ,D(A?>, = 0+, 0@ = A(*+5), 02()6>(05 ).X, C(4, 0+, 6,,A5)C>@ 65A?>, 6,)0,)*, 9+, : D 56 5) 0+, ?,). X, ? 5)0,< :, ),*,66(2@ = 2 ( * A?10,20 -) G (: 10 0+, 2,>(054, 65d,6 = :;,*06 5) 0+, 2,(> G 2>< RZ5C12, fQ

9+, : D 56 5) 0+, ?,). S. O= * 126,F 0+56 0G UG(@ *+ 5*,F (6 0 (650 56 = 2 ( +1A()F 56 ( 65A?>5=5*(05 ) = 0+, ?2 :>,AF 65)*, ?,) *()+(4, 0+,2 A,()5)C6F 61*+ (6 ( 6+ 20 = 2A = 2 ?,)50,)05(2@ 2 () 0+,2)(A, = 2 ( =,A(>, 6G(). T10 2,6025*05)C 126,>4,6 0 ;160 0+, G2505)C5)6021A,)0 ()< ?>(@ ?,) A,()5)C6F )>@ () 1)161(> 65d, = : D 2 G2505)C

5)6021A,)0 G 1>< (>> G () 5)0,2?2,0(05 ) = ?,) (6 0+,2 0+() (),)*> 612, G+,2, ( *+5>< ?>(@6. 9+, 2,>(0,< 6,)0,)*,F 0+, ?,) 56 5) 0+, : DF 56 A 2, (A:5C1 16 RZ5C12, mQ 9+, ?,) 56 5) 0+, : D. S. X,2, ),G 1>< (661A, 0+(0 0+, ?,) 56 ( G2505)C 5)6021A,)0F 1)>,66 0+, * )0,D0 56(: 10 1)?(*-5)C ( ),G ?>(@ ?,) 2 ?(*-5)C 1? (>> 0+, =12)5012, 5) ( 2 A.9+, ? 5)0 56 0+(0 (**12(0, 02()6>(05 ) 2,J152,6 () 1)012, ()< @,(26 (C F & 02()6>(0,< ( : - ) C2(AA(2 =2 A Z2,)*+ 0 K)C>56+. &0 G(61)= 201)(0,>@ ) 0 G,>> 2,*,54,< :@ K)C>56+U6?,(-5)C >5)C15606. 9+,2, G,2,6,4,2(> 2,(6 )6F :10 ), =(*0 2 G(6 0+, C,),2(> 2+,0 25*(> 60@>, 16,< :@


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Z2,)*+U6?,(-5)C >5)C15606Q 0+,@ * )650 0 0+, 2,( 0+, A(5) ? 5)0 = 0+,52 (2C1A,)0 0 6 ). Z2 A 0+, ? 5)0 = 45,G

= () K)C>56+U6?,(-5)C >5)C1560F 0+, Z2,)*+ >5)C1560 +(6 = 2C 00,) 0 :,C5) G50+ ( 0+,656 60(0,A,)0 ()< 0+,) :(*- 50 1?. T,5)C 6,)65054, 0 0+,(16 A,()6 165)C ( >,4,> = >()C1(C, 0+(0 56 (??2 ?25(0,.E A,05A,6 ( A562,(06 5) 5)) *1 16 : 2,< A. X G,4,2F 50 *() (>6 +(4, 6,25 16 > )CU0,2A ,==,*06.7 6,25 16 ,D(A?>, = 5)6,)6505450@ 0 0+, 0 0(> * )0,D0 ()< 0+, (1(05 ) = ( 2,A(2- A( *25656. 8(66(2 = KC@?00+2,(0,),< 0 . 9+, M)50,< E0(0,6 ()< Z2()*,A 4,< 0 **1?@ 0+, *()(>. {+216+*+,4 * A?>(5),< > 1@ (: 10 0+, H,60.9+,)F (=0,2 0+, 6?,,*+F {+216+*+,4 A((0,< H, G5>> :12@ @ 1 ()< G(6 :12),< 5)0 0+, A5)< 5)4(> 16 (>> 5= 0+,@ 0+ 1C+0 0+,@ +(< (*+()*, = G5))5)C. E,4,2(> A )0+6 (C F & :,*(A, *125 16 0 =5)< 10 G+(0N1665() G 2(0,@. 7*01(>>@F (0 0+, 05A, & :,C() A@ 2,6,(2*+ & +(< 0+,5A?2,665 ) 0+(0 0+, 60(0,A,)0 G(6 A( ?, ?>,F A 60 ) 0(:>@ A@ )C G50+ 0+, +,>? = g2()0 X(2256 = 0+, /5:2(2@ = L )C2,66F '2 =,66 2E,:(605() E+(1A@()F ( N1665() >5)C1560F '2 =,66 2 T5>> E1>>54() = 0+,M)54,2650@ = Z> 25:()@F & +(4, :,,) (:>, 0 ?5,*, 0 C,0+,2 A 2, (: 10 G+(0 G(6 (*01(>>@6(5< ()< 5)0,)


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100/123

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