tot hygiene.compressed_clp
TRANSCRIPT
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj cÖwkÿK cÖwkÿY
Integration and facilitation of hygiene behavioural change interventions in the Chars Livelihoods Programme (CLP) in the 8 districts
cÖwkÿ‡Yi †gqv` : wZb w`b
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj cÖwkÿK cÖwkÿY
Integration and facilitation of hygiene behavioural change interventions in the Chars Livelihoods Programme (CLP) in the 8 districts
cÖwkÿ‡Yi †gqv` : wZb w`b
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj cÖwkÿK cÖwkÿY
Integration and facilitation of hygiene behavioural change interventions in the Chars Livelihoods Programme (CLP) in the 8 districts
mnvwqKvwU cÖ¯‘ZKi‡Y hviv Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb
m¤úv`bvqnvwg‡`v gvBMv, Iqvm †¯úkvwj÷, BDwb‡md, evsjv‡`kDBb †Wwfm, WvB‡i±i, Acv‡ikb wWwfkb, Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Px (wmGjwc)gwbiæj Bmjvg, Iqvm †¯úkvwj÷, BDwb‡md, evsjv‡`k†gv: Avãyj gwgb, cvU©bviwkc wW‡i±i, Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Px (wmGjwc) DËg Kygvi mvnv, †nW Ae †cÖvMÖvg, G¨vbvRx© G¨vÛ Avievb mvwf©‡mm, cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k`xcK P›`ª ivq, †cÖvMÖvg g¨v‡bRvi, G¨vbvR©x GÛ Avievb mvwf©‡mm, cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k†gnive Dj Mwb, g¨v‡bRvi, KwgDwb‡Kkb; cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k†gvnv¤§` †jvKgvb †nv‡mb, wnDg¨vb †W‡fjc‡g›U BDwbU g¨v‡bRvi, Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Px (wmGjwc)†Rvniv Lvbg, †mvm¨vj †W‡fjc‡g›U †Kv-AwW©‡bUi, wnDg¨vb †W‡fjc‡g›U BDwbU, Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Px (wmGjwc)mÄb Kzgvi eo–qv, Iqvm †¯úkvwj÷, wnDg¨vb †W‡fjc‡g›U BDwbU, Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Px (wmGjwc)
cÖYq‡b†gvt Avãyj Lv‡jK, †Kv-AwW©‡bUi-nvBwRb, cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k
mn‡hvwMZvq†gvt AvjgMxi †PŠayix, †Kv-AwW©‡bUi-†Uªwbs, cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`kAvKwjgv LvZzb, †Kv-AwW©‡bUi- nvBwRb, cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k†gvt BqvKze, †Kv-AwW©‡bUi- gwbUwis G¨vÛ WKz‡g‡›Ukb, cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`kKvRx bvwmgv Lvbg, nvBwRb Awdmvi, †gvKviig †nv‡mb, Avey Avj †njvj, †kL †mvRv DwÏb, Avey mv‡qg, mvwebv Bqvmwgb, †i‡eKv LvZzb, ¯^cb Kzgvi gvjx, †gvqviid †nv‡mb, †gvt iDdz¾vgvb, KvRx Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`, kvnvbvR †e¸g, †ZŠwdKv LvZzb I mv‡jn gvngy` cÖ‡R± Awdmvi, cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k
AsK‡b†gvt Rvnv½xi †nv‡mb, Kbmvë¨v›U, cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k
cÖKvkbvqPi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Px (wmGjwc)
cÖKvkKvjRyb 2014
A_©vq‡bPi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Px (wmGjwc)
mn-A_©vq‡bcÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k
aviYv, AjsKiY I gy`ªYcv_I‡q/www.pathway.com.bd
m~wPcÎ
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 02 03
c„ôv
cUf~wg 04
g¨vbyqvj cÖYq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ 05
mnvq‡Ki Rb¨ wb‡`©kbv 05
cÖwkÿ‡Yi Av‡jvP¨ welqmg~n 07
cÖwkÿ‡Y e¨eüZ c×wZ I DcKiY 07
cÖwkÿY KvwiKzjvg 08
cÖwkÿY wmwWEj 11
15-18
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg:D‡ØvaYx Awa‡ekb
19-22cÖKí cwiwPwZ
23-28nvBwRb wkÿv, cÖmvi I Dbœqb
29-32mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv
33-38nvBwRb g‡Wj
39-42†hvMv‡hvM
43-48mvgvwRK RvMiY
49-54mnvqZvKiY (Facilitation)
55-68c×wZ
69-72DcKiY
73-74¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm DcKiY I c×wZi Abykxjb I cÖ`k©bx (Demonstration)
75-76mgvcbx
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x‡`i Rb¨ nvBwRb †mkb cwiPvjbvi wb‡`©wkKv 77
Awa‡ekb : 01
Awa‡ekb : 02
Awa‡ekb : 03
Awa‡ekb : 04
Awa‡ekb : 05
Awa‡ekb : 06
Awa‡ekb : 07
Awa‡ekb : 08
Awa‡ekb : 09
Awa‡ekb : 10
Awa‡ekb : 11
Awa‡ekb : 12
mnvwqKvwU cÖ¯‘ZKi‡Y hviv Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb
m¤úv`bvqnvwg‡`v gvBMv, Iqvm †¯úkvwj÷, BDwb‡md, evsjv‡`kDBb †Wwfm, WvB‡i±i, Acv‡ikb wWwfkb, Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Px (wmGjwc)gwbiæj Bmjvg, Iqvm †¯úkvwj÷, BDwb‡md, evsjv‡`k†gv: Avãyj gwgb, cvU©bviwkc wW‡i±i, Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Px (wmGjwc) DËg Kygvi mvnv, †nW Ae †cÖvMÖvg, G¨vbvRx© G¨vÛ Avievb mvwf©‡mm, cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k`xcK P›`ª ivq, †cÖvMÖvg g¨v‡bRvi, G¨vbvR©x GÛ Avievb mvwf©‡mm, cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k†gnive Dj Mwb, g¨v‡bRvi, KwgDwb‡Kkb; cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k†gvnv¤§` †jvKgvb †nv‡mb, wnDg¨vb †W‡fjc‡g›U BDwbU g¨v‡bRvi, Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Px (wmGjwc)†Rvniv Lvbg, †mvm¨vj †W‡fjc‡g›U †Kv-AwW©‡bUi, wnDg¨vb †W‡fjc‡g›U BDwbU, Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Px (wmGjwc)mÄb Kzgvi eo–qv, Iqvm †¯úkvwj÷, wnDg¨vb †W‡fjc‡g›U BDwbU, Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Px (wmGjwc)
cÖYq‡b†gvt Avãyj Lv‡jK, †Kv-AwW©‡bUi-nvBwRb, cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k
mn‡hvwMZvq†gvt AvjgMxi †PŠayix, †Kv-AwW©‡bUi-†Uªwbs, cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`kAvKwjgv LvZzb, †Kv-AwW©‡bUi- nvBwRb, cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k†gvt BqvKze, †Kv-AwW©‡bUi- gwbUwis G¨vÛ WKz‡g‡›Ukb, cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`kKvRx bvwmgv Lvbg, nvBwRb Awdmvi, †gvKviig †nv‡mb, Avey Avj †njvj, †kL †mvRv DwÏb, Avey mv‡qg, mvwebv Bqvmwgb, †i‡eKv LvZzb, ¯^cb Kzgvi gvjx, †gvqviid †nv‡mb, †gvt iDdz¾vgvb, KvRx Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`, kvnvbvR †e¸g, †ZŠwdKv LvZzb I mv‡jn gvngy` cÖ‡R± Awdmvi, cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k
AsK‡b†gvt Rvnv½xi †nv‡mb, Kbmvë¨v›U, cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k
cÖKvkbvqPi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Px (wmGjwc)
cÖKvkKvjRyb 2014
A_©vq‡bPi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Px (wmGjwc)
mn-A_©vq‡bcÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k
aviYv, AjsKiY I gy`ªYcv_I‡q/www.pathway.com.bd
m~wPcÎ
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 02 03
c„ôv
cUf~wg 04
g¨vbyqvj cÖYq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ 05
mnvq‡Ki Rb¨ wb‡`©kbv 05
cÖwkÿ‡Yi Av‡jvP¨ welqmg~n 07
cÖwkÿ‡Y e¨eüZ c×wZ I DcKiY 07
cÖwkÿY KvwiKzjvg 08
cÖwkÿY wmwWEj 11
15-18
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg:D‡ØvaYx Awa‡ekb
19-22cÖKí cwiwPwZ
23-28nvBwRb wkÿv, cÖmvi I Dbœqb
29-32mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv
33-38nvBwRb g‡Wj
39-42†hvMv‡hvM
43-48mvgvwRK RvMiY
49-54mnvqZvKiY (Facilitation)
55-68c×wZ
69-72DcKiY
73-74¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm DcKiY I c×wZi Abykxjb I cÖ`k©bx (Demonstration)
75-76mgvcbx
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x‡`i Rb¨ nvBwRb †mkb cwiPvjbvi wb‡`©wkKv 77
Awa‡ekb : 01
Awa‡ekb : 02
Awa‡ekb : 03
Awa‡ekb : 04
Awa‡ekb : 05
Awa‡ekb : 06
Awa‡ekb : 07
Awa‡ekb : 08
Awa‡ekb : 09
Awa‡ekb : 10
Awa‡ekb : 11
Awa‡ekb : 12
¯^v¯’¨wewa cÖeZ©b/cÖmvi (nvBwRb cÖ‡gvkb) GKwU Pjgvb cÖwµqv hv mve©Rbxbfv‡e ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g cvwb I gj evwnZ †ivM cÖwZ‡iva K‡i| GB cÖwµqvwU ïiæ Ki‡Z nq ̄ ’vbxq ch©v‡qi gvbyl hv Rv‡b, K‡i Ges hv Pvq Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i| GUv GKwU mgwš^Z cÖqvm †hLv‡b gvbyl e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK I cvwicvwk©¦K my¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœq‡b m‡PZb nq, wbivc` cvwb cvb K‡i I wbivc` cvqLvbv e¨envi Ges bvix‡`i FZzKvjxb we‡kl ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©vi cwieZ©‡b wb‡Riv D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i _v‡K|
cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k BDwb‡md-Gi Avw_©K mn‡hvwMZvq ÒPi RxweKvqb Kg©m~PxÓi Kg©GjvKvi Pievmx‡`i ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmvi I cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ Kg©m~Px ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’vi ÷vd‡`i `ÿZv Dbœq‡bi KvR Ki‡Q| ÷vd I gvV ch©v‡qi fjvw›Uqvi‡`i ̀ ÿZv Dbœqb Kv‡R e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ ÒPievmxi Rb¨ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb cÖwkÿK cÖwkÿYÓ GB g¨vbyqvjwU ̂ Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GB g¨vbyqvjwU cÖYq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi (Chars Livelihoods Programme) Kg©GjvKvi cwievimg~‡ni (67000 †Kvi I 1,16000 bb-†Kvi cwievi) wbivc` cvwbi e¨envi I ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î Zv‡`i Ávb, Abykxjb I `ÿZv Dbœqb wel‡q we‡kl †KŠkjMZ mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g 8wU †Rjvi 17wU Kg©m~Px ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’vi (IMO) ÷vd‡`i nvBwRb welqK Ges KwgDwbwU f‡jw›Uqvi I wfwWwm m`m¨‡`i nvBwRb gwbUwis welqK ̀ ÿZv Dbœqb Kiv|
†mB D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k wmGjwc I AvBGgIÔi mn‡hvwMZvq AvBGgI I KwgDwbwU ch©v‡q cÖwkÿY Pvwn`v wbiƒcY K‡i‡Q| GB Pvwn`v wbiƒc‡Yi gva¨‡g †h mKj welq D‡V G‡m‡Q Ges wmGjwcÔi Pjgvb 21wU ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm welq wfwËK evZ©vmg~n ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb-Gi Pjgvb nvBwRb gvwUª‡·i mv‡_ mgš^q K‡i Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi Rb¨ GKwU mnR I DbœZZi nvBwRb gvwUª· ̂ Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b cÖavb 5wU Bmyi Rb¨ 20wU evZ©v i‡q‡Q| GB g¨vwUª·wU wmGjwcÕi mswkøó DaŸ©Zb‡`i cÖZ¨ÿ AskMÖnY, Av‡jvPbv I ch©v‡jvPbvi ga¨ w`‡q PzovšÍ Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges GB nvBwRb g¨vwUª‡·i wfwˇZ cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb-Gi nvBwRb g‡WjwU ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi (Chars Livelihoods Programme) DcKvi‡fvMx cwievimg~‡ni ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm cwieZ©‡b/cÖmv‡i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb ivL‡e| g~jZ Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi Rb¨ cÖYxZ nvBwRb g‡WjwU ev¯Íevq‡bi j‡ÿ cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k ÒPievmxi ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb cÖwkÿK cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvjÓ wU cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q|
GB cÖwkÿYwU ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g wmGjwcÕi cÖwZwU ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’vq GKwU K‡i †Kvi cÖwkÿK MÖæc ̂ Zwi Kiv n‡e, hviv Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi (Chars Livelihoods Programme) DcKvi‡fvMx cwievimg~‡ni AvPiYMZ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm cwieZ©‡b mnvqZv Ki‡eb|
m‡e©vcwi g¨vbyqvjwU e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g hLb Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi DcKvi‡fvMx cwievimg~‡ni ¯^v¯’¨vf¨v‡mi Dbœqb n‡e I †ivM-e¨vwa K‡g Avm‡e, ZLB g¨vbyqvjwU ̂ Zwi I cÖwkÿY cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ïk¨ ̄ ^v_©K n‡e|
exbv Lv‡jKKvw›Uª wW‡i±i cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k
cUf‚wg g¨vbyqvj cÖYq‡bi D‡Ïk¨
mnvq‡Ki Rb¨ wb‡`©kbv
GB g¨vbyqvj cÖYq‡bi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv-
ŸPi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Px ev¯Íevq‡b m¤ú„³ 17wU AvBGgI ch©v‡q GKwU K‡i ̀ ÿ cÖwkÿK ̀ j ̂ Zwi K‡i Zv‡`i gva¨‡g Pi GjvKvq ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb Kiv;
ŸPi GjvKvq gvby‡li ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vmMZ AvPiY cwieZ©b I cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ wba©vwiZ DcKiYmg~n e¨envi, mvgvwRK DØy×KiY Ges Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡b wewfbœ KwgwU, ̀ j‡K msNwVZ I mÿg K‡i †Zvjv; Ges
ŸPi GjvKvq emevmKvix gvbyl‡K mwVKfv‡e ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœq‡b w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`v‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
mnvq‡Ki wKQy welq we‡ePbvq ivLvcÖwkÿ‡Yi mdjZv ev wedjZv mnvq‡Ki mnvqZvKiY ̀ ÿZv Dci A‡bKvs‡k wbf©ikxj| GKRb mnvqK Zvi ̀ ÿZv I Kjv‡KŠk‡ji mgš^‡q GKwU wkLb cwi‡ek‡K AvKl©Yxq, cÖvYešÍ I Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z cv‡ib| mnvqZvKiY ej‡Z Avm‡j hv eySvq Zvn‡jv, wkLb cwi‡ek‡K AskMÖnYg~jK, bgbxq, ¯^vejxj I MYZvwš¿K cwi‡ek m„wó‡Z mn‡hvwMZv Kiv| mnvqK GUv g‡b cÖv‡Y wek¦vm K‡ib †h, ÔgvbylB me mgm¨vi KviY Ges gvbylB me mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡iÕ| mnvqK wnmv‡e Zvi ̧ iæ`vwqZ¡ n‡jv, mwVK mnvqZvKi‡Yi gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ GB wek¦vm‡eva‡K RvMÖZ Kiv Ges cÖwkÿY †k‡l ÒAvgiv K‡iwQÓ GB mg¯^i m„wó‡Z mnvqZv Kiv| ZvB wkLb Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek m„wó‡Z wbgœwjwLZ welqmg~‡ni w`‡K we‡klfv‡e †Lqvj ivLv cÖ‡qvRb|
cÖwkÿY Kÿ ev ¯’vb wbe©vPbcÖwkÿY‡K mdj, cÖvYešÍ, Kvh©Kix, m„Rbkxj I ̂ ewPÎZv Avbq‡b cÖwkÿY Kÿ ev cÖwkÿ‡Yi ̄ ’vb GKwU ̧ iæZ¡¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| AskMÖnYg~jK cÖwkÿY cÖwµqvq GB welqwU‡K ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbv Kiv nq| ZvB cÖwkÿY Kÿ ev cÖwkÿ‡Yi ̄ ’vb wbe©vP‡bi mgq Aek¨B wbgœwjwLZ welqmg~‡ni w`‡K ̧ iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e|
ŸcÖwkÿY K‡ÿi RvqMv Ggb n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z AskMÖnYKvixiv BD AvK…wZ, Aa©vP›`ªvK…wZ ev †Mvj n‡q gy‡LvgyLx Av‡jvPbvi Dc‡hvMx K‡i em‡Z cv‡i|
Ÿ`jxq Av‡jvPbvi †ÿ‡Î †hb Kgc‡ÿ ̀ ywU ̀ j K‡ÿ e‡m Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
ŸcÖwkÿY ̄ ’vbwU wbwiwewj n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Mvoxi kã ev evRv‡ii †Kvjvnj Kv‡b bv Av‡m|
ŸcÖwkÿY K‡ÿi KvQvKvwQ bvix I cyiæl‡`i Avjv`v Avjv`v cwi”Qbœ Uq‡j‡Ui e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| Uq‡j‡Ui wbK‡U nvZ †avqvi Rb¨ cvwb I mvev‡bi e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
ŸK‡ÿi wfZ‡i A_ev KvQvKvwQ Lvevi cvwbi e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
ŸK‡ÿ ch©vß Av‡jv evZv‡mi e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
ŸcÖwkÿ‡Yi ̄ ’v‡bi Av‡kcv‡k gvV Abykxjb Kivi gZ my‡hvM-myweav _vK‡Z n‡e|
cÖvYešÍ cwi‡ek m„wó Kivfq-fxwZ `~‡i †i‡L †Lvjv g‡b wb‡Ri jyKvwqZ K_v cÖKvk Kivi R‡b¨ eÜzmyjf cwi‡ek cÖwkÿ‡Yi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb| cwi‡ek‡K cÖvYešÍ ivL‡Z mnvqK‡K bvbv Kjv‡KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq| Zvig‡a¨ wKQy D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Kjv‡KŠkjmg~n n‡jv:
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i mv‡_ mnR, mvejxj I my›`i m¤úK© eRvq ivL‡Z n‡e|
ŸAskMÖnYKvix wSwg‡q co‡Q Ggb Abyf~Z n‡j Mvb, †KŠZzK, auv auv ev DÏxcK †Ljvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 04 05
¯^v¯’¨wewa cÖeZ©b/cÖmvi (nvBwRb cÖ‡gvkb) GKwU Pjgvb cÖwµqv hv mve©Rbxbfv‡e ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g cvwb I gj evwnZ †ivM cÖwZ‡iva K‡i| GB cÖwµqvwU ïiæ Ki‡Z nq ̄ ’vbxq ch©v‡qi gvbyl hv Rv‡b, K‡i Ges hv Pvq Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i| GUv GKwU mgwš^Z cÖqvm †hLv‡b gvbyl e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK I cvwicvwk©¦K my¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœq‡b m‡PZb nq, wbivc` cvwb cvb K‡i I wbivc` cvqLvbv e¨envi Ges bvix‡`i FZzKvjxb we‡kl ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©vi cwieZ©‡b wb‡Riv D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i _v‡K|
cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k BDwb‡md-Gi Avw_©K mn‡hvwMZvq ÒPi RxweKvqb Kg©m~PxÓi Kg©GjvKvi Pievmx‡`i ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmvi I cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ Kg©m~Px ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’vi ÷vd‡`i `ÿZv Dbœq‡bi KvR Ki‡Q| ÷vd I gvV ch©v‡qi fjvw›Uqvi‡`i ̀ ÿZv Dbœqb Kv‡R e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ ÒPievmxi Rb¨ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb cÖwkÿK cÖwkÿYÓ GB g¨vbyqvjwU ̂ Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GB g¨vbyqvjwU cÖYq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi (Chars Livelihoods Programme) Kg©GjvKvi cwievimg~‡ni (67000 †Kvi I 1,16000 bb-†Kvi cwievi) wbivc` cvwbi e¨envi I ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î Zv‡`i Ávb, Abykxjb I `ÿZv Dbœqb wel‡q we‡kl †KŠkjMZ mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g 8wU †Rjvi 17wU Kg©m~Px ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’vi (IMO) ÷vd‡`i nvBwRb welqK Ges KwgDwbwU f‡jw›Uqvi I wfwWwm m`m¨‡`i nvBwRb gwbUwis welqK ̀ ÿZv Dbœqb Kiv|
†mB D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k wmGjwc I AvBGgIÔi mn‡hvwMZvq AvBGgI I KwgDwbwU ch©v‡q cÖwkÿY Pvwn`v wbiƒcY K‡i‡Q| GB Pvwn`v wbiƒc‡Yi gva¨‡g †h mKj welq D‡V G‡m‡Q Ges wmGjwcÔi Pjgvb 21wU ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm welq wfwËK evZ©vmg~n ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb-Gi Pjgvb nvBwRb gvwUª‡·i mv‡_ mgš^q K‡i Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi Rb¨ GKwU mnR I DbœZZi nvBwRb gvwUª· ̂ Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b cÖavb 5wU Bmyi Rb¨ 20wU evZ©v i‡q‡Q| GB g¨vwUª·wU wmGjwcÕi mswkøó DaŸ©Zb‡`i cÖZ¨ÿ AskMÖnY, Av‡jvPbv I ch©v‡jvPbvi ga¨ w`‡q PzovšÍ Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges GB nvBwRb g¨vwUª‡·i wfwˇZ cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb-Gi nvBwRb g‡WjwU ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi (Chars Livelihoods Programme) DcKvi‡fvMx cwievimg~‡ni ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm cwieZ©‡b/cÖmv‡i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb ivL‡e| g~jZ Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi Rb¨ cÖYxZ nvBwRb g‡WjwU ev¯Íevq‡bi j‡ÿ cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k ÒPievmxi ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb cÖwkÿK cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvjÓ wU cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q|
GB cÖwkÿYwU ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g wmGjwcÕi cÖwZwU ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’vq GKwU K‡i †Kvi cÖwkÿK MÖæc ̂ Zwi Kiv n‡e, hviv Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi (Chars Livelihoods Programme) DcKvi‡fvMx cwievimg~‡ni AvPiYMZ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm cwieZ©‡b mnvqZv Ki‡eb|
m‡e©vcwi g¨vbyqvjwU e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g hLb Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi DcKvi‡fvMx cwievimg~‡ni ¯^v¯’¨vf¨v‡mi Dbœqb n‡e I †ivM-e¨vwa K‡g Avm‡e, ZLB g¨vbyqvjwU ̂ Zwi I cÖwkÿY cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ïk¨ ̄ ^v_©K n‡e|
exbv Lv‡jKKvw›Uª wW‡i±i cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k
cUf‚wg g¨vbyqvj cÖYq‡bi D‡Ïk¨
mnvq‡Ki Rb¨ wb‡`©kbv
GB g¨vbyqvj cÖYq‡bi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv-
ŸPi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Px ev¯Íevq‡b m¤ú„³ 17wU AvBGgI ch©v‡q GKwU K‡i ̀ ÿ cÖwkÿK ̀ j ̂ Zwi K‡i Zv‡`i gva¨‡g Pi GjvKvq ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb Kiv;
ŸPi GjvKvq gvby‡li ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vmMZ AvPiY cwieZ©b I cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ wba©vwiZ DcKiYmg~n e¨envi, mvgvwRK DØy×KiY Ges Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡b wewfbœ KwgwU, ̀ j‡K msNwVZ I mÿg K‡i †Zvjv; Ges
ŸPi GjvKvq emevmKvix gvbyl‡K mwVKfv‡e ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœq‡b w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`v‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
mnvq‡Ki wKQy welq we‡ePbvq ivLvcÖwkÿ‡Yi mdjZv ev wedjZv mnvq‡Ki mnvqZvKiY ̀ ÿZv Dci A‡bKvs‡k wbf©ikxj| GKRb mnvqK Zvi ̀ ÿZv I Kjv‡KŠk‡ji mgš^‡q GKwU wkLb cwi‡ek‡K AvKl©Yxq, cÖvYešÍ I Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z cv‡ib| mnvqZvKiY ej‡Z Avm‡j hv eySvq Zvn‡jv, wkLb cwi‡ek‡K AskMÖnYg~jK, bgbxq, ¯^vejxj I MYZvwš¿K cwi‡ek m„wó‡Z mn‡hvwMZv Kiv| mnvqK GUv g‡b cÖv‡Y wek¦vm K‡ib †h, ÔgvbylB me mgm¨vi KviY Ges gvbylB me mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡iÕ| mnvqK wnmv‡e Zvi ̧ iæ`vwqZ¡ n‡jv, mwVK mnvqZvKi‡Yi gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ GB wek¦vm‡eva‡K RvMÖZ Kiv Ges cÖwkÿY †k‡l ÒAvgiv K‡iwQÓ GB mg¯^i m„wó‡Z mnvqZv Kiv| ZvB wkLb Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek m„wó‡Z wbgœwjwLZ welqmg~‡ni w`‡K we‡klfv‡e †Lqvj ivLv cÖ‡qvRb|
cÖwkÿY Kÿ ev ¯’vb wbe©vPbcÖwkÿY‡K mdj, cÖvYešÍ, Kvh©Kix, m„Rbkxj I ̂ ewPÎZv Avbq‡b cÖwkÿY Kÿ ev cÖwkÿ‡Yi ̄ ’vb GKwU ̧ iæZ¡¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| AskMÖnYg~jK cÖwkÿY cÖwµqvq GB welqwU‡K ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbv Kiv nq| ZvB cÖwkÿY Kÿ ev cÖwkÿ‡Yi ̄ ’vb wbe©vP‡bi mgq Aek¨B wbgœwjwLZ welqmg~‡ni w`‡K ̧ iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e|
ŸcÖwkÿY K‡ÿi RvqMv Ggb n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z AskMÖnYKvixiv BD AvK…wZ, Aa©vP›`ªvK…wZ ev †Mvj n‡q gy‡LvgyLx Av‡jvPbvi Dc‡hvMx K‡i em‡Z cv‡i|
Ÿ`jxq Av‡jvPbvi †ÿ‡Î †hb Kgc‡ÿ ̀ ywU ̀ j K‡ÿ e‡m Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
ŸcÖwkÿY ̄ ’vbwU wbwiwewj n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Mvoxi kã ev evRv‡ii †Kvjvnj Kv‡b bv Av‡m|
ŸcÖwkÿY K‡ÿi KvQvKvwQ bvix I cyiæl‡`i Avjv`v Avjv`v cwi”Qbœ Uq‡j‡Ui e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| Uq‡j‡Ui wbK‡U nvZ †avqvi Rb¨ cvwb I mvev‡bi e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
ŸK‡ÿi wfZ‡i A_ev KvQvKvwQ Lvevi cvwbi e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
ŸK‡ÿ ch©vß Av‡jv evZv‡mi e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
ŸcÖwkÿ‡Yi ̄ ’v‡bi Av‡kcv‡k gvV Abykxjb Kivi gZ my‡hvM-myweav _vK‡Z n‡e|
cÖvYešÍ cwi‡ek m„wó Kivfq-fxwZ `~‡i †i‡L †Lvjv g‡b wb‡Ri jyKvwqZ K_v cÖKvk Kivi R‡b¨ eÜzmyjf cwi‡ek cÖwkÿ‡Yi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb| cwi‡ek‡K cÖvYešÍ ivL‡Z mnvqK‡K bvbv Kjv‡KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq| Zvig‡a¨ wKQy D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Kjv‡KŠkjmg~n n‡jv:
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i mv‡_ mnR, mvejxj I my›`i m¤úK© eRvq ivL‡Z n‡e|
ŸAskMÖnYKvix wSwg‡q co‡Q Ggb Abyf~Z n‡j Mvb, †KŠZzK, auv auv ev DÏxcK †Ljvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 04 05
Ÿcvi¯úwiK cwiPq c‡e©i KvRwU Avb›`Nb cwi‡e‡ki gva¨‡g Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z RoZv we‡gvwPZ n‡Z `ªæZ G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ mnR m¤úK© ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i| AskMÖnYKvixiv hZ `ªæZ G‡K Ac‡ii mvwbœ‡a¨ Avm‡e, cÖvYešÍ cwi‡ek m„wó‡Z Zv Z‡Zv †ekx mnvqK n‡e|
ŸcÖwkÿ‡Yi welq Dc¯’vcb hZ`~i m¤¢e AwfÁZv‡Kw›`ªK nIqv fvj, G‡Z K‡i AskMÖnYKvixiv wb‡R‡`i cÖwZfv Avwe®‹vi Kiv mn ü`qe„wËK I ̀ ÿZve„wËK wkLb cwi‡e‡ki AwaKZi my‡hvM m„wó nq| hv cÖvYešÍ cwi‡ek m„wó‡Z h‡_ó mnvqK nq|
ŸAskMÖnYKvixiv fyj eyS‡Z cv‡i Ggb AvPiY wb‡R‡K hZ`~i m¤¢e ̀ ~‡i ivLv Ges cÿcvwZZ¡ bv Kiv|
ŸGKB welq ev GKB c×wZ evi evi e¨envi Ki‡j AskMÖnYKvix†`i g‡a¨ weiw³ fve m„wó nq| weiw³fve ̀ ~i Ki‡Z c×wZ e¨env‡i ̂ ewPΨZv Avb‡Z n‡e|
cybiv‡jvPbv I g~j¨vqbcybiv‡jvPbv I g~j¨vqb cÖwkÿ‡Yi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR| Gi gva¨‡g cvi¯úwiK †`qv †bqvi welqwU fvjfv‡e hvPvB evQvB Kiv hvq| welqwU †hb AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q wbqš¿Yg~jK Kjv‡KŠkj wnmv‡e aiv bv †`q, †mw`‡K we‡klfv‡e †Lqvj ivLv| g~j¨vq‡b e¨eüZ c×wZ, Kjv‡KŠkj, AvKl©Yxq I gRvi †Ljvi gva¨‡g n‡j Zv cvi¯úvwiK mnvqZv`v‡bi Bw½Z enb K‡i| A_©vr cvi¯úwiK kª×v‡ev‡ai gva¨‡g g~j¨vq‡bi KvRwU Ki‡j Zv Dfq c‡ÿi Kv‡Q mv`‡i M„nxZ nq, djkÖæwZ‡Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Ki‡Z mnR nq|
mnvq‡Ki evPb fw½mnvq‡Ki evPbfw½, fvlvi e¨envi I A½fw½ AskMÖnYKvix‡`i AskMÖnY Ges cÖwkÿ‡Yi gvb a‡i ivL‡Z A‡bKLvwb cÖfvweZ K‡i| ZvB kã Pqbmn Gme w`K¸wji †ÿ‡Î †ek m‡PZb _vK‡Z n‡e|
ŸcÖwkÿY K‡ÿi AvKvi I AskMÖnYKvix‡`i msL¨v ey‡S Kɯ^i DVvbvgv Kiv| Z‡e ¯^‡ii DVvbvgv Ggb n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z A‡b¨i Kv‡Q weiw³ bv jv‡M|
Ÿ†gŠwLK fvlvi mv‡_ mv‡_ kix‡ii A½fw½i e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges GB ̀ y‡qi g‡a¨ gvbvbmB mgš^q _vK‡Z n‡e| A_©vr A½fw½ hv‡Z ̀ „wóKUz bv nq ev AwZiwÄZ bv nq †mw`‡K I †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|
Ÿcwi¯‹vi K‡i mnR fvlvq wb‡`©kbv w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z AskMÖnYKvixiv mn‡R eyS‡Z cv‡i| AskMÖnYKvixiv welqwU eyS‡Z cvi‡jv wKbv Zv wdWe¨vK MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e|
ŸGK bvMv‡i K_v bv e‡j AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cÖkœ Kiv, Zv‡`i gZvgZ Rvb‡Z PvIqv BZ¨vw`|
mK‡ji AskMÖnY wbwðZ KivAskMÖnYKvix‡`i myß cÖwZfv weKwkZ Kivi †ÿ‡Î mevi mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi †Kvb weKí bvB| mevi AskMÖnY hLb wbwðZ nq ZLb cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wfZiKvi wPšÍv †PZbvi myô cÖwZdjb N‡U| ZvB AskMÖnYKvix‡`i BwZevPK g‡bvfve, Ávb I ̀ ÿZv m‡e©v”P Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi R‡b¨ mnvqK wb‡Pi c`‡ÿc¸‡jv wb‡Z cv‡ib-
ŸcÖwkÿ‡Y †ekx †ekx AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZ e¨envi Kiv|
Ÿmy›`i ¯^vejxj fvlvq cÖkœ Kiv Ges cÖkœ Kivi ci DËi MÖn‡Yi gvSLv‡b GKUz mgq †`qv, hv‡Z wPšÍv Kivi my‡hvM cvq|
Ÿeo ̀ ‡ji Av‡jvPbvq Kg K_v e‡j Ggb AskMÖnYKvix‡`i †ekx †ekx K_v ejvi my‡hvM †`qv †hb Zv‡`i Ávb ̀ ÿZv †h A‡bK †ekx Zv H mgq cÖgvY Kivi my‡hvM cvq| G‡Z K‡i †m eo `‡j AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ K_v ejvi mvnm cv‡e|
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i ̄ ^w`”Qv I ̄ ^-D‡`¨vM‡K mv`‡i MÖnY Kiv|
ŸDˇii ̧ bMZ gv‡bi Dci AwZ †ekx m‡PZb bv nIqv, G‡Z K‡i fyj DËi †`qv AskMÖnYKvix cieZ©x‡Z DËi †`qv †_‡K weiZ bv _v‡K|
ŸAv‡jvPbvq AwfÁZv †Kw›`ªK welq¸‡jvi Dci †ekx †Rvi †`qv| †Kvb welq eySv‡Z wM‡q †ekx †ekx D`vniY e¨envi Kiv Ges nv‡Z Kj‡g †`wL‡q Kiv‡bvi Dci †ekx †Rvi †`qv|
mg‡qi mwVK e¨enviAskMÖnYg~jK cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvq mgq e¨env‡ii †ÿ‡Î †hgb bgbxq _vKv cÖ‡qvRb, †Zgwb mg‡qi mwVK e¨env‡ii w`KUvI †Lqvj ivLv cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB wKQyUv Gw`K Iw`K K‡i n‡jI mg‡qi Lye eo iK‡gi cwieZ©b Kiv hv‡ebv| Avevi Lye ZvovûovI Kiv hv‡ebv| gv‡S gv‡S mnvqK`j‡K wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ Avjvc Av‡jvPbv K‡i, AskMÖnYKvix‡`i civgk© wb‡q, welq Ges c×wZi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L mg‡qi cyb:ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z n‡e|
we‡klfv‡e jÿYxqAskMÖnYg~jK mnvqZvKiY cÖwµqvq mnvqZvKiY gwWDj GKwU wb‡`©k‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| GLv‡b †hfv‡e c×wZ I cÖwµqvi e¨vL¨v †`qv Av‡Q, ûeû ZvB Ki‡Z n‡e Ggb †Kvb eva¨ eva¨evaKZv bvB| cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i I GjvKvi mvgvwRK †cÖÿvcU, cÖwkÿY cwi‡ek BZ¨vw` we‡ePbv K‡i A_©vr memgq Ae¯’v ey‡S e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e| †Kvb fv‡eB Abgbxq _vKv hv‡ebv| wb‡Ri wePvi eyw×i m‡e©v”P e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖwkÿ‡Yi Av‡jvP¨ welqmg~nŸ cÖKí cwiwPwZ
Ÿ RvZxq ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmvi bxwZgvjv 2012 (mswÿß cwiwPwZ)
Ÿ mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎ
Ÿ nvBwRb g‡Wj
Ÿ †hvMv‡hvM
Ÿ mvgvwRK RvMiY
Ÿ mnvqZvKiY
Ÿ c×wZ
Ÿ DcKiY
Ÿ nvBwRb DcKiY I c×wZi Abykxjb I cÖ`k©bx
Ÿ gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x‡`i Rb¨ nvBwRb †mkb cwiPvjbvi wb‡`©wkKv
e³…Zv c¨vW
AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbv †cb
†Mg †bg KvW©
†cqvi MÖæc wfc KvW©
gw¯Í‡¯‹ So †iwR‡÷ªkb wkU
gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b †cv÷vi/eªvDb †ccvi
cÖkœ DËi †evW©
†QvU ̀ ‡j KvR gvK©vi
AwfÁZv wewbgq AvU© jvBb
cÖ`k©b gvwëwgwWqv
AbykxjY ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb DcKiY
c×wZ DcKiY
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 06 07
Ÿcvi¯úwiK cwiPq c‡e©i KvRwU Avb›`Nb cwi‡e‡ki gva¨‡g Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z RoZv we‡gvwPZ n‡Z `ªæZ G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ mnR m¤úK© ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i| AskMÖnYKvixiv hZ `ªæZ G‡K Ac‡ii mvwbœ‡a¨ Avm‡e, cÖvYešÍ cwi‡ek m„wó‡Z Zv Z‡Zv †ekx mnvqK n‡e|
ŸcÖwkÿ‡Yi welq Dc¯’vcb hZ`~i m¤¢e AwfÁZv‡Kw›`ªK nIqv fvj, G‡Z K‡i AskMÖnYKvixiv wb‡R‡`i cÖwZfv Avwe®‹vi Kiv mn ü`qe„wËK I ̀ ÿZve„wËK wkLb cwi‡e‡ki AwaKZi my‡hvM m„wó nq| hv cÖvYešÍ cwi‡ek m„wó‡Z h‡_ó mnvqK nq|
ŸAskMÖnYKvixiv fyj eyS‡Z cv‡i Ggb AvPiY wb‡R‡K hZ`~i m¤¢e ̀ ~‡i ivLv Ges cÿcvwZZ¡ bv Kiv|
ŸGKB welq ev GKB c×wZ evi evi e¨envi Ki‡j AskMÖnYKvix†`i g‡a¨ weiw³ fve m„wó nq| weiw³fve ̀ ~i Ki‡Z c×wZ e¨env‡i ̂ ewPΨZv Avb‡Z n‡e|
cybiv‡jvPbv I g~j¨vqbcybiv‡jvPbv I g~j¨vqb cÖwkÿ‡Yi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR| Gi gva¨‡g cvi¯úwiK †`qv †bqvi welqwU fvjfv‡e hvPvB evQvB Kiv hvq| welqwU †hb AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q wbqš¿Yg~jK Kjv‡KŠkj wnmv‡e aiv bv †`q, †mw`‡K we‡klfv‡e †Lqvj ivLv| g~j¨vq‡b e¨eüZ c×wZ, Kjv‡KŠkj, AvKl©Yxq I gRvi †Ljvi gva¨‡g n‡j Zv cvi¯úvwiK mnvqZv`v‡bi Bw½Z enb K‡i| A_©vr cvi¯úwiK kª×v‡ev‡ai gva¨‡g g~j¨vq‡bi KvRwU Ki‡j Zv Dfq c‡ÿi Kv‡Q mv`‡i M„nxZ nq, djkÖæwZ‡Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Ki‡Z mnR nq|
mnvq‡Ki evPb fw½mnvq‡Ki evPbfw½, fvlvi e¨envi I A½fw½ AskMÖnYKvix‡`i AskMÖnY Ges cÖwkÿ‡Yi gvb a‡i ivL‡Z A‡bKLvwb cÖfvweZ K‡i| ZvB kã Pqbmn Gme w`K¸wji †ÿ‡Î †ek m‡PZb _vK‡Z n‡e|
ŸcÖwkÿY K‡ÿi AvKvi I AskMÖnYKvix‡`i msL¨v ey‡S Kɯ^i DVvbvgv Kiv| Z‡e ¯^‡ii DVvbvgv Ggb n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z A‡b¨i Kv‡Q weiw³ bv jv‡M|
Ÿ†gŠwLK fvlvi mv‡_ mv‡_ kix‡ii A½fw½i e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges GB ̀ y‡qi g‡a¨ gvbvbmB mgš^q _vK‡Z n‡e| A_©vr A½fw½ hv‡Z ̀ „wóKUz bv nq ev AwZiwÄZ bv nq †mw`‡K I †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|
Ÿcwi¯‹vi K‡i mnR fvlvq wb‡`©kbv w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z AskMÖnYKvixiv mn‡R eyS‡Z cv‡i| AskMÖnYKvixiv welqwU eyS‡Z cvi‡jv wKbv Zv wdWe¨vK MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e|
ŸGK bvMv‡i K_v bv e‡j AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cÖkœ Kiv, Zv‡`i gZvgZ Rvb‡Z PvIqv BZ¨vw`|
mK‡ji AskMÖnY wbwðZ KivAskMÖnYKvix‡`i myß cÖwZfv weKwkZ Kivi †ÿ‡Î mevi mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi †Kvb weKí bvB| mevi AskMÖnY hLb wbwðZ nq ZLb cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wfZiKvi wPšÍv †PZbvi myô cÖwZdjb N‡U| ZvB AskMÖnYKvix‡`i BwZevPK g‡bvfve, Ávb I ̀ ÿZv m‡e©v”P Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi R‡b¨ mnvqK wb‡Pi c`‡ÿc¸‡jv wb‡Z cv‡ib-
ŸcÖwkÿ‡Y †ekx †ekx AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZ e¨envi Kiv|
Ÿmy›`i ¯^vejxj fvlvq cÖkœ Kiv Ges cÖkœ Kivi ci DËi MÖn‡Yi gvSLv‡b GKUz mgq †`qv, hv‡Z wPšÍv Kivi my‡hvM cvq|
Ÿeo ̀ ‡ji Av‡jvPbvq Kg K_v e‡j Ggb AskMÖnYKvix‡`i †ekx †ekx K_v ejvi my‡hvM †`qv †hb Zv‡`i Ávb ̀ ÿZv †h A‡bK †ekx Zv H mgq cÖgvY Kivi my‡hvM cvq| G‡Z K‡i †m eo `‡j AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ K_v ejvi mvnm cv‡e|
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i ̄ ^w`”Qv I ̄ ^-D‡`¨vM‡K mv`‡i MÖnY Kiv|
ŸDˇii ̧ bMZ gv‡bi Dci AwZ †ekx m‡PZb bv nIqv, G‡Z K‡i fyj DËi †`qv AskMÖnYKvix cieZ©x‡Z DËi †`qv †_‡K weiZ bv _v‡K|
ŸAv‡jvPbvq AwfÁZv †Kw›`ªK welq¸‡jvi Dci †ekx †Rvi †`qv| †Kvb welq eySv‡Z wM‡q †ekx †ekx D`vniY e¨envi Kiv Ges nv‡Z Kj‡g †`wL‡q Kiv‡bvi Dci †ekx †Rvi †`qv|
mg‡qi mwVK e¨enviAskMÖnYg~jK cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvq mgq e¨env‡ii †ÿ‡Î †hgb bgbxq _vKv cÖ‡qvRb, †Zgwb mg‡qi mwVK e¨env‡ii w`KUvI †Lqvj ivLv cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB wKQyUv Gw`K Iw`K K‡i n‡jI mg‡qi Lye eo iK‡gi cwieZ©b Kiv hv‡ebv| Avevi Lye ZvovûovI Kiv hv‡ebv| gv‡S gv‡S mnvqK`j‡K wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ Avjvc Av‡jvPbv K‡i, AskMÖnYKvix‡`i civgk© wb‡q, welq Ges c×wZi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L mg‡qi cyb:ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z n‡e|
we‡klfv‡e jÿYxqAskMÖnYg~jK mnvqZvKiY cÖwµqvq mnvqZvKiY gwWDj GKwU wb‡`©k‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| GLv‡b †hfv‡e c×wZ I cÖwµqvi e¨vL¨v †`qv Av‡Q, ûeû ZvB Ki‡Z n‡e Ggb †Kvb eva¨ eva¨evaKZv bvB| cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i I GjvKvi mvgvwRK †cÖÿvcU, cÖwkÿY cwi‡ek BZ¨vw` we‡ePbv K‡i A_©vr memgq Ae¯’v ey‡S e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e| †Kvb fv‡eB Abgbxq _vKv hv‡ebv| wb‡Ri wePvi eyw×i m‡e©v”P e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖwkÿ‡Yi Av‡jvP¨ welqmg~nŸ cÖKí cwiwPwZ
Ÿ RvZxq ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmvi bxwZgvjv 2012 (mswÿß cwiwPwZ)
Ÿ mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎ
Ÿ nvBwRb g‡Wj
Ÿ †hvMv‡hvM
Ÿ mvgvwRK RvMiY
Ÿ mnvqZvKiY
Ÿ c×wZ
Ÿ DcKiY
Ÿ nvBwRb DcKiY I c×wZi Abykxjb I cÖ`k©bx
Ÿ gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x‡`i Rb¨ nvBwRb †mkb cwiPvjbvi wb‡`©wkKv
e³…Zv c¨vW
AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbv †cb
†Mg †bg KvW©
†cqvi MÖæc wfc KvW©
gw¯Í‡¯‹ So †iwR‡÷ªkb wkU
gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b †cv÷vi/eªvDb †ccvi
cÖkœ DËi †evW©
†QvU ̀ ‡j KvR gvK©vi
AwfÁZv wewbgq AvU© jvBb
cÖ`k©b gvwëwgwWqv
AbykxjY ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb DcKiY
c×wZ DcKiY
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 06 07
µg welq I Dc-welq D‡Ïk¨ c×wZ mgq DcKiY
01
02
03
D‡ØvaYx Awa‡ekbŸ †iwR‡÷ªkb Ÿ cvi¯úwiK cwiwPZŸ cÖZ¨vkv PqbŸ cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ Ÿ cÖwkÿ‡Yi bxwZgvjv Ÿ cÖvK cÖwkÿY g~j¨vqb
cÖKí cwiwPwZ Ÿ cÖK‡íi D‡Ïk¨ Ÿ DcKvi‡fvMxŸ †÷K‡nvìviŸ Kvh©µg
nvBwRb wkÿv, cÖmvi I DbœqbŸ nvBwRb (Hygiene)
m¤ú‡K© aviYvŸ nvBwRb †d«g IqvK© I
nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii (Hygiene
Domains) †ÿÎmg~nŸ nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii
wb‡`©kK bxwZgvjv (Guiding Princles)
Ÿ Av_©-mvgvwRK cÖfve
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- cÖwkÿ‡Y AskMÖnYKvixMY bvg
†iwR‡÷ªkb Ki‡eb;- cvi¯úwiK cwiwPZ jvf
Ki‡eb; - cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨m¤ú‡K© aviYv
cv‡eb I cÖZ¨vkv e¨³ Ki‡eb Ges
- cÖwkÿ‡Yi bxwZgvjv wba©viY Ki‡eb
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- cÖK‡íi jÿ¨, D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K©
Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- DcKvi‡fvMx I †÷K‡nvìvi m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- cÖK‡íi Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- nvBwRb, nvBwRb GWz‡Kkb I
nvBwRb cÖ‡gvkb m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- nvBwRb †d«g IqvK© I nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii (Hygiene Domains) †ÿÎmg~n wel‡q aviYv cv‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii wb‡`©kK bxwZgvjv (Guiding Princles) m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
- nvBwRb ev ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm m¤ú‡K© Ávb I Abykxjb bv Kivi Kvi‡Y RbRxe‡b Av_©-mvgvwRK cÖfve m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb|
e³…Zv, AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbv, †Mg, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
Av‡jvPbv, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi, Dc¯’vcb I gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
1 NÈv
30 wgwbU
1 NÈv
c¨vW, †cb, †bg KvW©, wfc KvW©, †iwR‡÷ªkb wkU, †evW© gvK©vi, AvU© jvBb gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv I cÖkœcÎ
gvwëwgwWqv
wfc KvW©, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
µg welq I Dc-welq D‡Ïk¨ c×wZ mgq DcKiY
04
05
06
07
mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvŸ mn¯ªvã Dbœqb
jÿ¨gvÎvi †cÖÿvcUŸ 8wU jÿ¨ I Iqvk-
Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ jÿ¨mg~n
nvBwRb g‡Wj Ÿ nvBwRb g‡Wj wK,
Gi D‡Ïk¨, djvdj, ev¯Íevqb ‡KŠkj
Ÿ nvBwRb g¨vwUª·Ÿ nvBwRb g‡Wj
WvqvMªvgŸ nvBwRb g‡Wj
ev¯Íevq‡bi †KŠkj Ÿ nvBwRb Uzj&m/DcKiY
†hvMv‡hvMŸ †hvMv‡hvM aviYv I
Kvh©Kix †hvMv‡hvMŸ †hvMv‡hv‡M evavŸ †hvMv‡hvM g‡WjŸ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿÎ I
Bmy
mvgvwRK RvMiYŸ mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi
aviYvŸ mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi
†ÿÎ I BmyŸ mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi
†KŠkj
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv
m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
- 8wU jÿ¨ I Iqvk-Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ jÿ¨mg~n m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges Ab¨‡`i Kv‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- nvBwRb g‡Wj, g‡W‡ji
D‡Ïk¨, djvdj I ev¯Íevqb †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
- nvBwRb g¨vwUª· I g‡Wj m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges Ab¨‡`i Kv‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
- nvBwRb g‡Wj-Gi nvBwRb Uzj&m/DcKiY I ev¯Íevq‡bi †KŠkj/ Dcvq m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- †hvMv‡hvM I Kvh©Kix †hvMv‡hvM
m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- †hvMv‡hvM evav m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Dcv`vb I †hvMv‡hvM g‡Wj, †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿÎ I Bmy m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb, e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- †gvwejvB‡Rkb I Kvh©µg
m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- KwgDwbwU †gvwejvB‡Rk‡bi †ÿÎ I Bmy m¤ú‡K© aviYv
Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi, †QvU `‡j KvR, Dc¯’vcbgvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi, †QvU `‡j KvR, Dc¯’vcbgvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
Av‡jvPbv, Awfbq, †Mgm, cÖ‡kœvËi, evR`j, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi, †QvU `‡j KvR, f~wgKvwfbq IgvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
25 wgwbU
2 NÈv
1 NÈv
1 NÈv
wfc KvW©, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, mvBb †cb, eªvDb †ccvi I gvwëwgwWqv
wfc KvW©, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, mvBb †cb, eªvDb †ccvi I gvwëwgwWqv
†cv÷vi, gvK©vi I gvwëwgwWqv
†Km ÷vwW I gvwëwgwWqv
cÖwkÿY KvwiKzjvg
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 08 09
µg welq I Dc-welq D‡Ïk¨ c×wZ mgq DcKiY
01
02
03
D‡ØvaYx Awa‡ekbŸ †iwR‡÷ªkb Ÿ cvi¯úwiK cwiwPZŸ cÖZ¨vkv PqbŸ cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ Ÿ cÖwkÿ‡Yi bxwZgvjv Ÿ cÖvK cÖwkÿY g~j¨vqb
cÖKí cwiwPwZ Ÿ cÖK‡íi D‡Ïk¨ Ÿ DcKvi‡fvMxŸ †÷K‡nvìviŸ Kvh©µg
nvBwRb wkÿv, cÖmvi I DbœqbŸ nvBwRb (Hygiene)
m¤ú‡K© aviYvŸ nvBwRb †d«g IqvK© I
nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii (Hygiene
Domains) †ÿÎmg~nŸ nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii
wb‡`©kK bxwZgvjv (Guiding Princles)
Ÿ Av_©-mvgvwRK cÖfve
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- cÖwkÿ‡Y AskMÖnYKvixMY bvg
†iwR‡÷ªkb Ki‡eb;- cvi¯úwiK cwiwPZ jvf
Ki‡eb; - cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨m¤ú‡K© aviYv
cv‡eb I cÖZ¨vkv e¨³ Ki‡eb Ges
- cÖwkÿ‡Yi bxwZgvjv wba©viY Ki‡eb
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- cÖK‡íi jÿ¨, D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K©
Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- DcKvi‡fvMx I †÷K‡nvìvi m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- cÖK‡íi Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- nvBwRb, nvBwRb GWz‡Kkb I
nvBwRb cÖ‡gvkb m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- nvBwRb †d«g IqvK© I nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii (Hygiene Domains) †ÿÎmg~n wel‡q aviYv cv‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii wb‡`©kK bxwZgvjv (Guiding Princles) m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
- nvBwRb ev ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm m¤ú‡K© Ávb I Abykxjb bv Kivi Kvi‡Y RbRxe‡b Av_©-mvgvwRK cÖfve m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb|
e³…Zv, AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbv, †Mg, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
Av‡jvPbv, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi, Dc¯’vcb I gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
1 NÈv
30 wgwbU
1 NÈv
c¨vW, †cb, †bg KvW©, wfc KvW©, †iwR‡÷ªkb wkU, †evW© gvK©vi, AvU© jvBb gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv I cÖkœcÎ
gvwëwgwWqv
wfc KvW©, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
µg welq I Dc-welq D‡Ïk¨ c×wZ mgq DcKiY
04
05
06
07
mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvŸ mn¯ªvã Dbœqb
jÿ¨gvÎvi †cÖÿvcUŸ 8wU jÿ¨ I Iqvk-
Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ jÿ¨mg~n
nvBwRb g‡Wj Ÿ nvBwRb g‡Wj wK,
Gi D‡Ïk¨, djvdj, ev¯Íevqb ‡KŠkj
Ÿ nvBwRb g¨vwUª·Ÿ nvBwRb g‡Wj
WvqvMªvgŸ nvBwRb g‡Wj
ev¯Íevq‡bi †KŠkj Ÿ nvBwRb Uzj&m/DcKiY
†hvMv‡hvMŸ †hvMv‡hvM aviYv I
Kvh©Kix †hvMv‡hvMŸ †hvMv‡hv‡M evavŸ †hvMv‡hvM g‡WjŸ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿÎ I
Bmy
mvgvwRK RvMiYŸ mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi
aviYvŸ mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi
†ÿÎ I BmyŸ mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi
†KŠkj
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv
m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
- 8wU jÿ¨ I Iqvk-Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ jÿ¨mg~n m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges Ab¨‡`i Kv‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- nvBwRb g‡Wj, g‡W‡ji
D‡Ïk¨, djvdj I ev¯Íevqb †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
- nvBwRb g¨vwUª· I g‡Wj m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges Ab¨‡`i Kv‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
- nvBwRb g‡Wj-Gi nvBwRb Uzj&m/DcKiY I ev¯Íevq‡bi †KŠkj/ Dcvq m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- †hvMv‡hvM I Kvh©Kix †hvMv‡hvM
m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- †hvMv‡hvM evav m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Dcv`vb I †hvMv‡hvM g‡Wj, †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿÎ I Bmy m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb, e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- †gvwejvB‡Rkb I Kvh©µg
m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- KwgDwbwU †gvwejvB‡Rk‡bi †ÿÎ I Bmy m¤ú‡K© aviYv
Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi, †QvU `‡j KvR, Dc¯’vcbgvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi, †QvU `‡j KvR, Dc¯’vcbgvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
Av‡jvPbv, Awfbq, †Mgm, cÖ‡kœvËi, evR`j, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi, †QvU `‡j KvR, f~wgKvwfbq IgvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
25 wgwbU
2 NÈv
1 NÈv
1 NÈv
wfc KvW©, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, mvBb †cb, eªvDb †ccvi I gvwëwgwWqv
wfc KvW©, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, mvBb †cb, eªvDb †ccvi I gvwëwgwWqv
†cv÷vi, gvK©vi I gvwëwgwWqv
†Km ÷vwW I gvwëwgwWqv
cÖwkÿY KvwiKzjvg
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 08 09
µg welq I Dc-welq D‡Ïk¨ c×wZ mgq DcKiY
08
09
10
11
mnvqZvKiYŸ mnvqZvKi‡Yi aviYvŸ mnvq‡Ki ˆewkó¨ Ges
`ÿZvŸ mnvq‡Ki Gi f~wgKvŸ mnvqZvKi‡Yi
†ÿÎmg~n
cÖwkÿY c×wZŸ cÖwkÿY c×wZ I Gi
aiYŸ cÖwkÿ‡Yi wewfbœ
c×wZ e¨env‡ii we‡eP¨ welqmg~n
cÖwkÿY DcKiYŸ cÖwkÿY DcKi‡Yi
aviYv I aiYŸ cÖwkÿY DcKiY
e¨env‡ii we‡eP¨ welqmg~n
nvBwRb DcKiY I c×wZi Abykxjb I cÖ`k©b
(Demonstration)Ÿ nvBwRb welqK BmyŸ †mkb cwiPvjbv Ÿ wdWe¨vK
cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- †gvwejvB‡Rk‡bi †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb, Kg‡© ÿ‡Î †gvwejvB‡Rkb Kvhµ© g ev¯eÍ vqb Kivi `ÿZv ARb© Ki‡eb
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- mnvqZvKiY I mnvqK m¤ú‡K©
aviYv cv‡eb e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- mnvq‡Ki `ÿZv, f‚wgKv, ˆewkó¨ I ¸bvejx m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- mnvqZvKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, gvÎv, cÖwµqv I †ÿÎmg~n m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb, e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- c×wZ m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb
Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges - c×wZ e¨env‡ii we‡eP¨
welqmg~n m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- DcKiY m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb,
e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges- DcKiY e¨env‡ii we‡eP¨
welqmg~n m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- nvBwRb welqK Bmy Abykxjb
Kivi Rb¨ `j MVb Ki‡eb| - nv‡Z-Kj‡g nvBwRb †mkb
cwiPvjbvi †KŠkj I `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbv,†ivj‡cø,cÖkœ DËi,†QvU`‡j Av‡jvPbv IgvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi, †ivj‡cø, †QvU `‡j Av‡jvPbv, wfc I gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b, †Rvov`j
Av‡jvPbv, AbykxjY, cÖ`k©b
1 NÈv
1 NÈv
1 NÈv
6 NÈv
wfc KvW©, AvU© jvBb gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
†evW© gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
†evW©, gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
Avievb nvBwRb Uzj&m/DcKiY- cU, iwe-ivYx, d¬vm KvW©, †cv÷vi, kc_ †evW©
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 10
µg welq I Dc-welq D‡Ïk¨ c×wZ mgq DcKiY
12
13
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x‡`i Rb¨nvBwRb †mkb cwiPvjbvi wb‡`©wkKv †kqvwis
mgvcbxŸ cÖwkÿY cieZ©x
g~j¨vqb Ÿ Av‡jvP¨ welqmg~n
cybiv‡jvPbv Ÿ cÖwkÿY cÖZ¨vkv hvPvB Ÿ cÖwkÿ‡Yi wkÿYŸ cÖwkÿ‡Yi mej I
`ye©j w`K Ÿ cÖwkÿ‡Yi mgvwß
†NvlYv Kiv
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- nvBwRb †mkb cwiPvjbvi
wb‡`©wkKv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb I e¨envi Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- Av‡jvP¨ welqmg~n cybiv‡jvPbv
I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb, cÖwkÿY cÖZ¨vkvc~iY n‡q‡Q Zv hvPvB Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- cÖwkÿ‡Yi wkÿY, cÖwkÿ‡Yi mej I `ye©j w`K m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb
Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ- DËi
Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ-DËi, e³…Zv
45wgwbU
1 NÈv
nvBwRb †mkb cwiPvjbvi wb‡`©wkKv, gvwëwgwWqv
cÖkœcÎ
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 11
µg welq I Dc-welq D‡Ïk¨ c×wZ mgq DcKiY
08
09
10
11
mnvqZvKiYŸ mnvqZvKi‡Yi aviYvŸ mnvq‡Ki ˆewkó¨ Ges
`ÿZvŸ mnvq‡Ki Gi f~wgKvŸ mnvqZvKi‡Yi
†ÿÎmg~n
cÖwkÿY c×wZŸ cÖwkÿY c×wZ I Gi
aiYŸ cÖwkÿ‡Yi wewfbœ
c×wZ e¨env‡ii we‡eP¨ welqmg~n
cÖwkÿY DcKiYŸ cÖwkÿY DcKi‡Yi
aviYv I aiYŸ cÖwkÿY DcKiY
e¨env‡ii we‡eP¨ welqmg~n
nvBwRb DcKiY I c×wZi Abykxjb I cÖ`k©b
(Demonstration)Ÿ nvBwRb welqK BmyŸ †mkb cwiPvjbv Ÿ wdWe¨vK
cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- †gvwejvB‡Rk‡bi †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb, Kg‡© ÿ‡Î †gvwejvB‡Rkb Kvhµ© g ev¯eÍ vqb Kivi `ÿZv ARb© Ki‡eb
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- mnvqZvKiY I mnvqK m¤ú‡K©
aviYv cv‡eb e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- mnvq‡Ki `ÿZv, f‚wgKv, ˆewkó¨ I ¸bvejx m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- mnvqZvKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, gvÎv, cÖwµqv I †ÿÎmg~n m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb, e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- c×wZ m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb
Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges - c×wZ e¨env‡ii we‡eP¨
welqmg~n m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- DcKiY m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb,
e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges- DcKiY e¨env‡ii we‡eP¨
welqmg~n m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- nvBwRb welqK Bmy Abykxjb
Kivi Rb¨ `j MVb Ki‡eb| - nv‡Z-Kj‡g nvBwRb †mkb
cwiPvjbvi †KŠkj I `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbv,†ivj‡cø,cÖkœ DËi,†QvU`‡j Av‡jvPbv IgvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi, †ivj‡cø, †QvU `‡j Av‡jvPbv, wfc I gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b, †Rvov`j
Av‡jvPbv, AbykxjY, cÖ`k©b
1 NÈv
1 NÈv
1 NÈv
6 NÈv
wfc KvW©, AvU© jvBb gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
†evW© gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
†evW©, gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
Avievb nvBwRb Uzj&m/DcKiY- cU, iwe-ivYx, d¬vm KvW©, †cv÷vi, kc_ †evW©
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 10
µg welq I Dc-welq D‡Ïk¨ c×wZ mgq DcKiY
12
13
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x‡`i Rb¨nvBwRb †mkb cwiPvjbvi wb‡`©wkKv †kqvwis
mgvcbxŸ cÖwkÿY cieZ©x
g~j¨vqb Ÿ Av‡jvP¨ welqmg~n
cybiv‡jvPbv Ÿ cÖwkÿY cÖZ¨vkv hvPvB Ÿ cÖwkÿ‡Yi wkÿYŸ cÖwkÿ‡Yi mej I
`ye©j w`K Ÿ cÖwkÿ‡Yi mgvwß
†NvlYv Kiv
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- nvBwRb †mkb cwiPvjbvi
wb‡`©wkKv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb I e¨envi Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-- Av‡jvP¨ welqmg~n cybiv‡jvPbv
I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb, cÖwkÿY cÖZ¨vkvc~iY n‡q‡Q Zv hvPvB Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- cÖwkÿ‡Yi wkÿY, cÖwkÿ‡Yi mej I `ye©j w`K m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb
Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ- DËi
Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ-DËi, e³…Zv
45wgwbU
1 NÈv
nvBwRb †mkb cwiPvjbvi wb‡`©wkKv, gvwëwgwWqv
cÖkœcÎ
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 11
cÖwkÿY wkwWDj¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb welqK cÖwkÿK cÖwkÿY
mgq : 3 w`b
¯’vb : Dc‡Rjvi myweavRbK †Kvb cÖwkÿY †K›`ª
AskMÖnYKvix : ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’vi gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x
mnvqZvKi‡Y : cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k
mgq Awa‡ekb1g w`b
welqe¯‘
9:00-10:00
10:00-10:30
D‡Øvabx:cÖwk¶‡Yi m~Pbv, cwiwPwZ I wkÿY cwi‡ek ˆZwi
cÖKí cwiwPZ
Ÿ
Ÿ cvi¯úwiK cwiwPZ
Ÿ cÖZ¨vkv Pqb
Ÿ cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨
Ÿ cÖwkÿ‡Yi bxwZgvjv
Ÿ cÖvK cÖwkÿY g~j¨vqb
Ÿ cÖK‡íi D‡Ïk¨
Ÿ DcKvi‡fvMx
Ÿ †÷K‡nvìvi
Ÿ Kvh©µg
†iwR‡÷ªkb
Pv weiwZ10:30-10:45
10:45-11:15
11:15-11:30
11:30-1:30
nvBwRb wkÿv, cÖmvi I Dbœqb
mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv
nvBwRb g‡Wj
Ÿ
Ÿ nvBwRb †d«g IqvK© I nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii (Hygiene Domains) †ÿÎmg~n
Ÿ nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii wb‡`©kK bxwZgvjv (Guiding
Princles)
Ÿ Av_©-mvgvwRK cÖfve
Ÿ mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvi †cÖÿvcU
Ÿ 8wU jÿ¨ I Iqvk-Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ jÿ¨mg~n
Ÿ nvBwRb g‡Wj wK, Gi D‡Ïk¨, djvdj, ev¯Íevqb †KŠkj
Ÿ nvBwRb g¨vwUª·
Ÿ nvBwRb g‡Wj WvqvMªvg
Ÿ nvBwRb g‡Wj ev¯Íevq‡bi †KŠkj
Ÿ nvBwRb Uzj&m/DcKiY
nvBwRb (Hygiene) m¤ú‡K© aviYv
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 13
1:30-2:30 `ycy‡ii Lvevi weiwZ
2:30-3:30 †hvMv‡hvM †hvMv‡hvM aviYv I Kvh©Kix †hvMv‡hvM
Ÿ †hvMv‡hv‡M evav
Ÿ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Dcv`vb
Ÿ †hvMv‡hvM g‡Wj
Ÿ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿÎ I Bmy
mgq Awa‡ekb welqe¯‘
4:30-4:45 Pv weiwZ
4:45-5:30 mnvqZvKiY Ÿ mnvqZvKi‡Yi aviYvŸ mnvq‡Ki ˆewkó¨ Ges `ÿZvŸ mnvq‡Ki Gi f~wgKvŸ mnvqZvKi‡Yi †ÿÎ
2q w`b
10:30-10:45 Pv weiwZ
9:00-9:30
9:30-10:30
weMZ w`‡bi ch©v‡jvPbv
c×wZ Ÿ c×wZi aviYvŸ c×wZi aiYŸ c×wZ e¨env‡ii we‡eP¨ welqmg
10:45-11:45
11:45-1:00
c×wZ Pjgvb...
DcKiY Ÿ DcKi‡Yi aviYv I aiYŸ DcKiY e¨env‡ii we‡eP¨ welqmg~nŸ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm wkÿv DcKiY
3:30-4:30 mvgvwRK RvMiY Ÿ mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi aviYv Ÿ KwgDwbwU †gvwejvB‡Rk‡bi †ÿÎ I BmyŸ †gvwejvB‡Rk‡bi †KŠkj
1:00-2:00 `ycy‡ii Lvevi weiwZ
2:00-3:00 cÖwkÿY DcKiY I c×wZi Abykxjb I cÖ`k©bx (Demonstration)
Ÿ †mkb cwiPvjbv Ÿ wdWe¨vK
3:00-3:30 Pv weiwZ
3:30-5:00 cÖwkÿY DcKiY I c×wZi Abykxjb I cÖ`k©bx (Demonstration) Pjgvb...
Ÿ BmywfwËK †mkb †W‡gv‡b‡÷ªkb
3q w`b
9:00-9:30
9:30-10:30
weMZ w`‡bi ch©v‡jvPbv
nvBwRb DcKiY I c×wZi Abykxjb I cÖ`k©bx (Demonstration)
Ÿ BmywfwËK †mkb †W‡gv‡b‡÷ªkb
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 12
cÖwkÿY wkwWDj¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb welqK cÖwkÿK cÖwkÿY
mgq : 3 w`b
¯’vb : Dc‡Rjvi myweavRbK †Kvb cÖwkÿY †K›`ª
AskMÖnYKvix : ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’vi gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x
mnvqZvKi‡Y : cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`k
mgq Awa‡ekb1g w`b
welqe¯‘
9:00-10:00
10:00-10:30
D‡Øvabx:cÖwk¶‡Yi m~Pbv, cwiwPwZ I wkÿY cwi‡ek ˆZwi
cÖKí cwiwPZ
Ÿ
Ÿ cvi¯úwiK cwiwPZ
Ÿ cÖZ¨vkv Pqb
Ÿ cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨
Ÿ cÖwkÿ‡Yi bxwZgvjv
Ÿ cÖvK cÖwkÿY g~j¨vqb
Ÿ cÖK‡íi D‡Ïk¨
Ÿ DcKvi‡fvMx
Ÿ †÷K‡nvìvi
Ÿ Kvh©µg
†iwR‡÷ªkb
Pv weiwZ10:30-10:45
10:45-11:15
11:15-11:30
11:30-1:30
nvBwRb wkÿv, cÖmvi I Dbœqb
mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv
nvBwRb g‡Wj
Ÿ
Ÿ nvBwRb †d«g IqvK© I nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii (Hygiene Domains) †ÿÎmg~n
Ÿ nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii wb‡`©kK bxwZgvjv (Guiding
Princles)
Ÿ Av_©-mvgvwRK cÖfve
Ÿ mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvi †cÖÿvcU
Ÿ 8wU jÿ¨ I Iqvk-Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ jÿ¨mg~n
Ÿ nvBwRb g‡Wj wK, Gi D‡Ïk¨, djvdj, ev¯Íevqb †KŠkj
Ÿ nvBwRb g¨vwUª·
Ÿ nvBwRb g‡Wj WvqvMªvg
Ÿ nvBwRb g‡Wj ev¯Íevq‡bi †KŠkj
Ÿ nvBwRb Uzj&m/DcKiY
nvBwRb (Hygiene) m¤ú‡K© aviYv
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 13
1:30-2:30 `ycy‡ii Lvevi weiwZ
2:30-3:30 †hvMv‡hvM †hvMv‡hvM aviYv I Kvh©Kix †hvMv‡hvM
Ÿ †hvMv‡hv‡M evav
Ÿ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Dcv`vb
Ÿ †hvMv‡hvM g‡Wj
Ÿ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿÎ I Bmy
mgq Awa‡ekb welqe¯‘
4:30-4:45 Pv weiwZ
4:45-5:30 mnvqZvKiY Ÿ mnvqZvKi‡Yi aviYvŸ mnvq‡Ki ˆewkó¨ Ges `ÿZvŸ mnvq‡Ki Gi f~wgKvŸ mnvqZvKi‡Yi †ÿÎ
2q w`b
10:30-10:45 Pv weiwZ
9:00-9:30
9:30-10:30
weMZ w`‡bi ch©v‡jvPbv
c×wZ Ÿ c×wZi aviYvŸ c×wZi aiYŸ c×wZ e¨env‡ii we‡eP¨ welqmg
10:45-11:45
11:45-1:00
c×wZ Pjgvb...
DcKiY Ÿ DcKi‡Yi aviYv I aiYŸ DcKiY e¨env‡ii we‡eP¨ welqmg~nŸ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm wkÿv DcKiY
3:30-4:30 mvgvwRK RvMiY Ÿ mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi aviYv Ÿ KwgDwbwU †gvwejvB‡Rk‡bi †ÿÎ I BmyŸ †gvwejvB‡Rk‡bi †KŠkj
1:00-2:00 `ycy‡ii Lvevi weiwZ
2:00-3:00 cÖwkÿY DcKiY I c×wZi Abykxjb I cÖ`k©bx (Demonstration)
Ÿ †mkb cwiPvjbv Ÿ wdWe¨vK
3:00-3:30 Pv weiwZ
3:30-5:00 cÖwkÿY DcKiY I c×wZi Abykxjb I cÖ`k©bx (Demonstration) Pjgvb...
Ÿ BmywfwËK †mkb †W‡gv‡b‡÷ªkb
3q w`b
9:00-9:30
9:30-10:30
weMZ w`‡bi ch©v‡jvPbv
nvBwRb DcKiY I c×wZi Abykxjb I cÖ`k©bx (Demonstration)
Ÿ BmywfwËK †mkb †W‡gv‡b‡÷ªkb
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 12
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : D‡ØvaYx Awa‡ekb
D‡Ïk¨ : cÖwkÿ‡Y AskMÖnYKvixMY bvg †iwR‡÷ªkb Ki‡eb;cvi¯úwiK cwiwPwZ jvf Ki‡eb; cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb I cÖZ¨vkv e¨³ Ki‡eb GescÖwkÿ‡Yi bxwZgvjv wba©viY Ki‡eb
c×wZ : e³…Zv, Av‡jvPbv, †Mg, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
DcKiY : c¨vW, †cb, †bg KvW©, wfc KvW©, †iwR‡÷ªkb wkU, †evW© gvK©vi, AvU© jvBb gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
mgq : 45 wgwbU
Awa‡ekb : 01
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 14
10:30-11:00 Pv weiwZ
11:30-1:00 nvBwRb DcKiY I c×wZi Ÿ BmywfwËK †mkb †W‡gv‡b‡÷ªkb
1:00-2:00 `ycy‡ii Lvevi weiwZ
2:00-3:30 nvBwRb MvBWjvBb Ÿ MvBWjvBb †kqvwis
3:30-4:00 Pv weiwZ
4:00-5:00 †Kvm© g~j¨vqb Ÿ †Kvm© ch©v‡jvPbvŸ AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cÖwZwµqv
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : D‡ØvaYx Awa‡ekb
D‡Ïk¨ : cÖwkÿ‡Y AskMÖnYKvixMY bvg †iwR‡÷ªkb Ki‡eb;cvi¯úwiK cwiwPwZ jvf Ki‡eb; cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb I cÖZ¨vkv e¨³ Ki‡eb GescÖwkÿ‡Yi bxwZgvjv wba©viY Ki‡eb
c×wZ : e³…Zv, Av‡jvPbv, †Mg, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
DcKiY : c¨vW, †cb, †bg KvW©, wfc KvW©, †iwR‡÷ªkb wkU, †evW© gvK©vi, AvU© jvBb gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
mgq : 45 wgwbU
Awa‡ekb : 01
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 14
10:30-11:00 Pv weiwZ
11:30-1:00 nvBwRb DcKiY I c×wZi Ÿ BmywfwËK †mkb †W‡gv‡b‡÷ªkb
1:00-2:00 `ycy‡ii Lvevi weiwZ
2:00-3:30 nvBwRb MvBWjvBb Ÿ MvBWjvBb †kqvwis
3:30-4:00 Pv weiwZ
4:00-5:00 †Kvm© g~j¨vqb Ÿ †Kvm© ch©v‡jvPbvŸ AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cÖwZwµqv
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv
cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨Pievmxi ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb welqK cÖwkÿK cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvjwU g~jZ 3 w`‡bi GKwU cÖwkÿY †Kvm©| G †Kv‡m© Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi ev¯ÍevqbKix ms¯’vi (IMO) †Uªwbs Awdmvi, KwgDwbwU †W‡fjc‡g›U mycvifvBRvi, wbDwUªkb mycvifvBRvi, KwgDwbwU †W‡fjc‡g›U Awdmvi I wbDwUªkb AwdmviMY AskMÖnY Ki‡eb Ges G cÖwkÿ‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q cÖwZwU ms¯’v ch©v‡q ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb, cÖmvi I Dbœqb welqK GKwU K‡i cÖwkÿY cÖwkÿK `j ˆZwi n‡e| cÖwkÿY cvIqvi ci cÖwkÿKMY gvV ch©v‡q Kg©iZ Pi ¯^v¯’¨ Kg©x, Pi cywó Kg©x, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix Ges MÖvg Dbœqb KwgwUi (wfwWwm) m`m¨‡`i mÿgZv Dbœq‡b mnvqZv Ki‡e, hv‡Z K‡i Pievmx‡`i RxweKvqb Dbœq‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨v‡mi cwieZ©b N‡U|
myZivs G cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb, wewfbœ ai‡Yi nvBwRb welqK DcKiY e¨envi I mnvqZvKiY m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Ávb I ̀ ÿZv Dbœqb KivB g~jZ G cÖwkÿ‡Yi g~j D‡Ïk¨|
cÖwkÿY †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY †h mKj welq m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb, e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb I ̀ ÿZv AR©b Ki‡eb, Zv n‡jv-
ŸcÖK‡íi jÿ¨, D‡Ïk¨ I Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 1mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ms¯’vi cÿ †_‡K ï‡f”Qv Rvbv‡eb| D‡Øvabx Awa‡ek‡b cÖK‡íi wewfbœ †÷K‡nvìvi‡`i g‡a¨ hviv Dcw¯’Z _vK‡eb, ch©vqµ‡g Zv‡`i‡K cÖwkÿY m¯ú‡K© mswÿß wKQz ej‡Z Aby‡iva Ki‡eb Ges DaŸ©Zb GKRb‡K w`‡q cÖwkÿY D‡Øvab Ki‡Z Aby‡iva Ki‡eb| D‡Øvab †k‡l mnvqK mevB‡K ab¨ev` Ávcb K‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡`i gv‡S c¨vW, †cb, †bg KvW© cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|
avc 2mnvqK AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi mevB‡K 2/1wU K‡i wfcKvW© wb‡Z ej‡eb Ges mevB‡K Kgc‡ÿ 1wU K‡i cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖZ¨vkv wjL‡Z ej‡eb| mK‡ji †jLv †kl n‡j AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi ga¨ †_‡K 2 Rb‡K †W‡K cÖZ¨vkv¸wj c‡o †kvbv‡Z ej‡eb Ges †k‡l cÖZ¨vkv¸wj GKwÎZ K‡i cÖwkÿY K‡ÿ Uvw½‡q w`‡Z ej‡eb| mnvqK Gevi gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|
avc 3mnvqK G c‡e© 3 w`‡bi cÖwkÿY PjvKvjxb mg‡q wK wK wbqg Kvbyb †g‡b Pje †m m¤ú©‡K GKwU cÖwkÿY bxwZgvjv mK‡ji gZvg‡Zi wfwˇZ ̂ Zwi Ki‡eb Ges GKwU †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wj‡L GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b jvwM‡q w`‡Z ej‡eb| Gev‡i mshy³ cÖvK cÖwkÿY g~j¨vqb c‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿY c~e© aviYv hvPvB K‡i mevB‡K ab¨ev` w`‡q †kl Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbv Ie³…Zv
Av‡jvPbv I Dc¯’vcbv
Av‡jvPbv
15 wgwbU
15 wgwbU
15 wgwbU
c¨vW, †cb, †bg KvW© †iwR‡÷ªkb wkU
wfc KvW©, AvU© jvBb gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
†cv÷vi, AvU© jvBb gvK©vi, cÖvK cÖwkÿY g~j¨vqb cÎ
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 16 17
ŸnvBwRb g‡Wj ev¯Íevq‡bi †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
ŸÒnvBwRb cÖmv‡ii RvZxq †KŠkjcÎ 2014Ó m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Ges Ab¨‡`i Rvbv‡Z cvi‡eb;
Ÿmn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv;
ŸmnvqZvKiY Ges mnvq‡Ki f~wgKv, mnvqZvKi‡Yi †ÿÎ I †mkb cwiPvjbvi we‡eP¨ welq m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cv‡eb;
ŸmvgvwRK RvMiY c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb cv‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
Ÿ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb welqK cÖwkÿY DcKiY m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb I e¨vLv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
Ÿ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm welqK wewfbœ †mkb cwiPvjbv Kivi ̀ ÿZv AR©b Ki‡eb|
¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb I AskMÖnYg~jK cwiexÿY welqK cÖwkÿK cÖwkÿY
cÖvK-cÖwkÿY g~j¨vqb cÎmgq:10 wgwbU †gvU b¤^i: 50
mwVK ̄ ’v‡b wUK wPý w`b:
1. mvgvwRK gvbwPÎ (Social map):1.1 mvgvwRK gvbwPÎ GK ai‡Yi bKkv 1.2 mvgvwRK gvbwPÎ cÖK‡íi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx mK‡ji AskMÖn‡Y ̂ Zwi GK ai‡Yi mvgvwRK wPÎ1.3 mvgvwRK gvbwPÎ GKwU PRA tool
2. CAP nvjbvMv`KiY (CAP up-date):2.1 CAP cÖYqb Kiv2.2 CAP Gi eZ©gvb Ae¯’v hvPvB Kiv2.2 CAP G bZyb ̄ ^v¯’¨wkÿv Kvh©µg †hvM Kiv
3. ¯^v¯’¨wkÿv welqK AskMÖnYg~jK cwiexÿY (Participatory Hygiene monitoring):3.1 Community Gi ̄ ^v¯’¨wkÿv Kvh©µg †`Lv‡kvbv Kiv3.2 Community ch©v‡qi ̄ ^v¯’¨wkÿv Kvh©µ‡gi Z_¨ msMÖn AMÖMwZ hvPvB Kiv3.3 Community ch©v‡qi ̄ ^v¯’¨wkÿv Kvh©µ‡gi fwel¨r cwiKíbv Kiv
4. ¯^v¯’¨wkÿv (Hygiene education)4.1 ¯^v¯’¨wkÿv GKwU AvbyôvwbK wkÿv Kvh©µg4.2 AvPiY cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ ̄ ^v¯’¨wkÿv Kvh©µg4.3 Ae¯’v cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ ̄ ^v¯’¨wkÿv Kvh©µg
5. nvBwRb g‡Wj (Hygiene model):5.1 ¯^v¯’¨wkÿvi wbqgvejx5.2 ¯^v¯’¨wkÿvi GKwU mgwóMZ iƒc5.3 ¯^v¯’¨wkÿv Dbœq‡bi avc
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv
cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨Pievmxi ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb welqK cÖwkÿK cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvjwU g~jZ 3 w`‡bi GKwU cÖwkÿY †Kvm©| G †Kv‡m© Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi ev¯ÍevqbKix ms¯’vi (IMO) †Uªwbs Awdmvi, KwgDwbwU †W‡fjc‡g›U mycvifvBRvi, wbDwUªkb mycvifvBRvi, KwgDwbwU †W‡fjc‡g›U Awdmvi I wbDwUªkb AwdmviMY AskMÖnY Ki‡eb Ges G cÖwkÿ‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q cÖwZwU ms¯’v ch©v‡q ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb, cÖmvi I Dbœqb welqK GKwU K‡i cÖwkÿY cÖwkÿK `j ˆZwi n‡e| cÖwkÿY cvIqvi ci cÖwkÿKMY gvV ch©v‡q Kg©iZ Pi ¯^v¯’¨ Kg©x, Pi cywó Kg©x, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix Ges MÖvg Dbœqb KwgwUi (wfwWwm) m`m¨‡`i mÿgZv Dbœq‡b mnvqZv Ki‡e, hv‡Z K‡i Pievmx‡`i RxweKvqb Dbœq‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨v‡mi cwieZ©b N‡U|
myZivs G cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb, wewfbœ ai‡Yi nvBwRb welqK DcKiY e¨envi I mnvqZvKiY m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Ávb I ̀ ÿZv Dbœqb KivB g~jZ G cÖwkÿ‡Yi g~j D‡Ïk¨|
cÖwkÿY †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY †h mKj welq m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb, e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb I ̀ ÿZv AR©b Ki‡eb, Zv n‡jv-
ŸcÖK‡íi jÿ¨, D‡Ïk¨ I Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 1mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ms¯’vi cÿ †_‡K ï‡f”Qv Rvbv‡eb| D‡Øvabx Awa‡ek‡b cÖK‡íi wewfbœ †÷K‡nvìvi‡`i g‡a¨ hviv Dcw¯’Z _vK‡eb, ch©vqµ‡g Zv‡`i‡K cÖwkÿY m¯ú‡K© mswÿß wKQz ej‡Z Aby‡iva Ki‡eb Ges DaŸ©Zb GKRb‡K w`‡q cÖwkÿY D‡Øvab Ki‡Z Aby‡iva Ki‡eb| D‡Øvab †k‡l mnvqK mevB‡K ab¨ev` Ávcb K‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡`i gv‡S c¨vW, †cb, †bg KvW© cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|
avc 2mnvqK AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi mevB‡K 2/1wU K‡i wfcKvW© wb‡Z ej‡eb Ges mevB‡K Kgc‡ÿ 1wU K‡i cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖZ¨vkv wjL‡Z ej‡eb| mK‡ji †jLv †kl n‡j AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi ga¨ †_‡K 2 Rb‡K †W‡K cÖZ¨vkv¸wj c‡o †kvbv‡Z ej‡eb Ges †k‡l cÖZ¨vkv¸wj GKwÎZ K‡i cÖwkÿY K‡ÿ Uvw½‡q w`‡Z ej‡eb| mnvqK Gevi gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|
avc 3mnvqK G c‡e© 3 w`‡bi cÖwkÿY PjvKvjxb mg‡q wK wK wbqg Kvbyb †g‡b Pje †m m¤ú©‡K GKwU cÖwkÿY bxwZgvjv mK‡ji gZvg‡Zi wfwˇZ ̂ Zwi Ki‡eb Ges GKwU †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wj‡L GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b jvwM‡q w`‡Z ej‡eb| Gev‡i mshy³ cÖvK cÖwkÿY g~j¨vqb c‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿY c~e© aviYv hvPvB K‡i mevB‡K ab¨ev` w`‡q †kl Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbv Ie³…Zv
Av‡jvPbv I Dc¯’vcbv
Av‡jvPbv
15 wgwbU
15 wgwbU
15 wgwbU
c¨vW, †cb, †bg KvW© †iwR‡÷ªkb wkU
wfc KvW©, AvU© jvBb gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
†cv÷vi, AvU© jvBb gvK©vi, cÖvK cÖwkÿY g~j¨vqb cÎ
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 16 17
ŸnvBwRb g‡Wj ev¯Íevq‡bi †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
ŸÒnvBwRb cÖmv‡ii RvZxq †KŠkjcÎ 2014Ó m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Ges Ab¨‡`i Rvbv‡Z cvi‡eb;
Ÿmn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv;
ŸmnvqZvKiY Ges mnvq‡Ki f~wgKv, mnvqZvKi‡Yi †ÿÎ I †mkb cwiPvjbvi we‡eP¨ welq m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cv‡eb;
ŸmvgvwRK RvMiY c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb cv‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
Ÿ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb welqK cÖwkÿY DcKiY m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb I e¨vLv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
Ÿ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm welqK wewfbœ †mkb cwiPvjbv Kivi ̀ ÿZv AR©b Ki‡eb|
¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb I AskMÖnYg~jK cwiexÿY welqK cÖwkÿK cÖwkÿY
cÖvK-cÖwkÿY g~j¨vqb cÎmgq:10 wgwbU †gvU b¤^i: 50
mwVK ̄ ’v‡b wUK wPý w`b:
1. mvgvwRK gvbwPÎ (Social map):1.1 mvgvwRK gvbwPÎ GK ai‡Yi bKkv 1.2 mvgvwRK gvbwPÎ cÖK‡íi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx mK‡ji AskMÖn‡Y ̂ Zwi GK ai‡Yi mvgvwRK wPÎ1.3 mvgvwRK gvbwPÎ GKwU PRA tool
2. CAP nvjbvMv`KiY (CAP up-date):2.1 CAP cÖYqb Kiv2.2 CAP Gi eZ©gvb Ae¯’v hvPvB Kiv2.2 CAP G bZyb ̄ ^v¯’¨wkÿv Kvh©µg †hvM Kiv
3. ¯^v¯’¨wkÿv welqK AskMÖnYg~jK cwiexÿY (Participatory Hygiene monitoring):3.1 Community Gi ̄ ^v¯’¨wkÿv Kvh©µg †`Lv‡kvbv Kiv3.2 Community ch©v‡qi ̄ ^v¯’¨wkÿv Kvh©µ‡gi Z_¨ msMÖn AMÖMwZ hvPvB Kiv3.3 Community ch©v‡qi ̄ ^v¯’¨wkÿv Kvh©µ‡gi fwel¨r cwiKíbv Kiv
4. ¯^v¯’¨wkÿv (Hygiene education)4.1 ¯^v¯’¨wkÿv GKwU AvbyôvwbK wkÿv Kvh©µg4.2 AvPiY cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ ̄ ^v¯’¨wkÿv Kvh©µg4.3 Ae¯’v cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ ̄ ^v¯’¨wkÿv Kvh©µg
5. nvBwRb g‡Wj (Hygiene model):5.1 ¯^v¯’¨wkÿvi wbqgvejx5.2 ¯^v¯’¨wkÿvi GKwU mgwóMZ iƒc5.3 ¯^v¯’¨wkÿv Dbœq‡bi avc
Awa‡ekb : 02
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : cÖKí cwiwPZ
D‡Ïk¨ : cÖK‡íi jÿ¨, D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
DcKvi‡fvMx I †÷K‡nvìvi m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
cÖK‡íi Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
DcKiY : †evW© gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
mgq : 25 wgwbU
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 18
6. †hvMv‡hvM (Communication):6.1 GK¯’vb †_‡K GK¯’v‡b hvIqv6.2 cvi¯úvwiK g‡bi fve wewbgq6.3 `yB ev Z‡Zvwa‡Ki cvi¯úvwiK g‡bi fv‡ei wewbgq
7. mvgvwRK RvMiY (Social mobilization):7.1 RbMY‡K m‡PZb Kivi cÖwµqv7.2 RbM‡Yi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GKwU cÖwµqv7.3 wbw`©ó wel‡q mKj †kÖwYi RbM‡Yi Pvwn`v m„wó
8. mnvqZvKiY(Facilitation):8.1 mnvqZvKiY GKwU †KŠkj8.2 mnvqZvKiY GKwU cÖwµqv8.3 mnvqZvKiY n‡jv mn‡hvwMZv Kiv
9. c×wZ (Methods):9.1 cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡bi avc9.2 cÖwkÿY cª`v‡bi †KŠkj 9.3 cÖwkÿY ev¯Íevq‡bi iƒc‡iLv
10. DcKiY (Materials):10.1 Av‡jvP¨ welq‡K mnR, mvejxj, †evaMg¨ I AvKl©Yxq K‡i Dc¯’vcb K‡i10.2 cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i10.3 cÖwkÿ‡Yi GK‡Nqvwg ̀ ~i K‡i
Awa‡ekb : 02
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : cÖKí cwiwPZ
D‡Ïk¨ : cÖK‡íi jÿ¨, D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
DcKvi‡fvMx I †÷K‡nvìvi m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
cÖK‡íi Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
DcKiY : †evW© gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
mgq : 25 wgwbU
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 18
6. †hvMv‡hvM (Communication):6.1 GK¯’vb †_‡K GK¯’v‡b hvIqv6.2 cvi¯úvwiK g‡bi fve wewbgq6.3 `yB ev Z‡Zvwa‡Ki cvi¯úvwiK g‡bi fv‡ei wewbgq
7. mvgvwRK RvMiY (Social mobilization):7.1 RbMY‡K m‡PZb Kivi cÖwµqv7.2 RbM‡Yi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GKwU cÖwµqv7.3 wbw`©ó wel‡q mKj †kÖwYi RbM‡Yi Pvwn`v m„wó
8. mnvqZvKiY(Facilitation):8.1 mnvqZvKiY GKwU †KŠkj8.2 mnvqZvKiY GKwU cÖwµqv8.3 mnvqZvKiY n‡jv mn‡hvwMZv Kiv
9. c×wZ (Methods):9.1 cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡bi avc9.2 cÖwkÿY cª`v‡bi †KŠkj 9.3 cÖwkÿY ev¯Íevq‡bi iƒc‡iLv
10. DcKiY (Materials):10.1 Av‡jvP¨ welq‡K mnR, mvejxj, †evaMg¨ I AvKl©Yxq K‡i Dc¯’vcb K‡i10.2 cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i10.3 cÖwkÿ‡Yi GK‡Nqvwg ̀ ~i K‡i
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 1mnvqK GB †mk‡b cÖK‡íi jÿ¨, D‡Ïk¨, DcKvi‡fvMx, †÷K‡nvìvi I Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g my¯úô aviYv †`‡eb Ges Kv‡iv †Kvb cÖkœ Av‡Q wKbv Zv Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb| cÖkœ _vK‡j Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
avc 2mnvqK cÖK‡íi jÿ¨, D‡Ïk¨, DcKvi‡fvMx, †÷K‡nvìvi I Kvh©µg Dc¯’vcbvi †k‡l mK‡ji aviYv cwi®‹vi n‡q‡Q wK bv Zv 3/4 Rb‡K cÖkœ K‡i Rvb‡eb Ges Awa‡ekb †kl Ki‡eb |
Av‡jvPbv I cÖkœ-DËi
cÖkœ-DËi I Av‡jvPbv
20 wgwbU
5 wgwbU
gvwëwgwWqv
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv ŸCLP: ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm I AvPiY Dbœq‡b UNICEF, IMOs I cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkvb, evsjv‡`k g‡a¨ Kvh©Kix mgš^q Ki‡eb;
Ÿev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’v (IMOs): cÖKí mwVK I myô ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ mKj cÖKvi mnvqZv wbwðZ Ki‡e;
ŸPractical Action Bangladesh: ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’v (IMOs)-i Kg©x‡`i ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm welqK `ÿZv Dbœqb I cÖmvi Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡b mgš^q I mnvq‡Ki ̀ vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb;
ŸVDC: KwgDwbwU ch©v‡q cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡b wfwWwmi m`m¨MY nvBwRb Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYqb, ev¯Íevqb I gwbUwis Kvh©µ‡g mivmwi AskMÖnY Ki‡eb Ges ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmvi I cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ mvgvwRK DØy×KiY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb|
cÖK‡íi Kvh©µg
Ÿ÷vd Iwi‡q‡›Ukb;
ŸcÖKí AewnZKiY Kg©kvjv I cÖKí Kvh©µg ïiæ;
ŸcÖwkÿY Pvwn`v wbiƒcY;
ŸcÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj c¨v‡KR ch©v‡jvPbv I gwWDj Dbœqb;
ŸnvBwRb DcKiY ch©v‡jvPbv I Dbœqb;
ŸeZ©gvb gwbUwis c×wZ ch©v‡jvPbv;
Ÿev¯Íevqb Kvix ms¯’v (IMO) Gi ÷vd‡`i Rb¨ nvBwRb welqK cÖwkÿK cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb;
Ÿ`ÿZv Dbœq‡b wbqwgZ mnvqZvKiY (†KvwPs, gwbUwis, wb‡`©kbv I KvDwÝwjs);
Ÿm¨vwb‡Ukb †ÿ‡Î bZzb G¨v‡cÖvP ch©v‡jvPbv I Aa¨vqb;
ŸˆÎ-gvwmK mgš^q mfv;
ŸcwiexÿY I cÖwZ‡e`b|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 20 21
cÖK‡íi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨
cÖK‡íi DcKvi‡fvMx
mvwe©K D‡Ïk¨ GB cÖK‡íi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi AvIZvaxb 8wU †Rjvi 17wU ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’v (IMO) Kg©GjvKvi jwÿZ Rb‡Mvôxi ̄ ^v¯’¨MZ AvPiY cwieZ©‡b mnvqZv cÖ`vb I mgš^q mvab|
D‡Ïk¨GB cÖK‡íi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv ¯^v¯’¨wewa I ¯^v¯’¨MZ AvPiY cwieZ©b, w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Ges cixweÿY Kivi Dci Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi mswkøó Kgx©‡`i ̀ ÿZv Dbœqb|
djvdjGB cÖKí †_‡K wb‡gœv³ djvdjmg~n cvIqv hv‡e-
1. Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi Kg© GjvKvi gvby‡li ¯^v¯’¨wewa welqK cwiKíbv cÖYqb, ev¯Íevqb I cwiexÿ‡Yi Rb¨ ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’v (IMO) Kgx©‡`i Ávb I ̀ ÿZv e„w× †c‡q‡Q;
2. ¯^v¯’¨MZ AvPiY cwieZ©‡bi Dci 8wU †Rjvi wmGjwci ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’v (IMO) mg~‡ni Kg©GjvKvi wbw`©ó msL¨K wfwWwm m`m¨, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix, Pi cywó Kgx© I Pi ̄ ^v¯’¨ Kgx©‡`i mnvqZvKiY ̀ ÿZv DbœxZ n‡q‡Q|
3. ¯^v¯’¨MZ AvPiY cwieZ©‡b D‡`¨vM MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ 8wU †Rjvi wmGjwci ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’v (IMO) mg~‡ni Kg©GjvKvi MÖvgmg~‡n Kvh©Kix cwiKíbv cÖYqb, ev¯Íevqb I cwiexÿ‡Y wbw`©ó msL¨K wfwWwm m`m¨, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix, Pi cywó Kg©x I Pi ̄ ^v¯’¨ Kgx©‡`i ̀ ÿZv e„w× †c‡q‡Q|
Pi jvBfwjûW †cÖvMÖ‡gi 17wU ev¯Íevqb Kvix ms¯’v (IMO)-i Rb mswkøó Kgx©MY mivmwi cÖwkÿY cv‡eb Ges Zv‡`i gva¨‡g Kg© GjvKvi RYM‡Yi cÖZ¨vwkZ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm welqK Ávb e„w× cv‡e I AvPi‡Yi cwieZ©b NU‡e|
†÷K‡nvìvi
ŸUNICEF: wjW G‡RwÝ wnmv‡e wmGjwc Ges cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkvb, evsjv‡`k Gi g‡a¨ mgš^q I KvwiMix mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡e;
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 1mnvqK GB †mk‡b cÖK‡íi jÿ¨, D‡Ïk¨, DcKvi‡fvMx, †÷K‡nvìvi I Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g my¯úô aviYv †`‡eb Ges Kv‡iv †Kvb cÖkœ Av‡Q wKbv Zv Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb| cÖkœ _vK‡j Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
avc 2mnvqK cÖK‡íi jÿ¨, D‡Ïk¨, DcKvi‡fvMx, †÷K‡nvìvi I Kvh©µg Dc¯’vcbvi †k‡l mK‡ji aviYv cwi®‹vi n‡q‡Q wK bv Zv 3/4 Rb‡K cÖkœ K‡i Rvb‡eb Ges Awa‡ekb †kl Ki‡eb |
Av‡jvPbv I cÖkœ-DËi
cÖkœ-DËi I Av‡jvPbv
20 wgwbU
5 wgwbU
gvwëwgwWqv
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv ŸCLP: ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm I AvPiY Dbœq‡b UNICEF, IMOs I cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkvb, evsjv‡`k g‡a¨ Kvh©Kix mgš^q Ki‡eb;
Ÿev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’v (IMOs): cÖKí mwVK I myô ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ mKj cÖKvi mnvqZv wbwðZ Ki‡e;
ŸPractical Action Bangladesh: ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’v (IMOs)-i Kg©x‡`i ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm welqK `ÿZv Dbœqb I cÖmvi Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡b mgš^q I mnvq‡Ki ̀ vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb;
ŸVDC: KwgDwbwU ch©v‡q cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡b wfwWwmi m`m¨MY nvBwRb Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYqb, ev¯Íevqb I gwbUwis Kvh©µ‡g mivmwi AskMÖnY Ki‡eb Ges ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmvi I cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ mvgvwRK DØy×KiY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb|
cÖK‡íi Kvh©µg
Ÿ÷vd Iwi‡q‡›Ukb;
ŸcÖKí AewnZKiY Kg©kvjv I cÖKí Kvh©µg ïiæ;
ŸcÖwkÿY Pvwn`v wbiƒcY;
ŸcÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj c¨v‡KR ch©v‡jvPbv I gwWDj Dbœqb;
ŸnvBwRb DcKiY ch©v‡jvPbv I Dbœqb;
ŸeZ©gvb gwbUwis c×wZ ch©v‡jvPbv;
Ÿev¯Íevqb Kvix ms¯’v (IMO) Gi ÷vd‡`i Rb¨ nvBwRb welqK cÖwkÿK cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb;
Ÿ`ÿZv Dbœq‡b wbqwgZ mnvqZvKiY (†KvwPs, gwbUwis, wb‡`©kbv I KvDwÝwjs);
Ÿm¨vwb‡Ukb †ÿ‡Î bZzb G¨v‡cÖvP ch©v‡jvPbv I Aa¨vqb;
ŸˆÎ-gvwmK mgš^q mfv;
ŸcwiexÿY I cÖwZ‡e`b|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 20 21
cÖK‡íi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨
cÖK‡íi DcKvi‡fvMx
mvwe©K D‡Ïk¨ GB cÖK‡íi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi AvIZvaxb 8wU †Rjvi 17wU ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’v (IMO) Kg©GjvKvi jwÿZ Rb‡Mvôxi ̄ ^v¯’¨MZ AvPiY cwieZ©‡b mnvqZv cÖ`vb I mgš^q mvab|
D‡Ïk¨GB cÖK‡íi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv ¯^v¯’¨wewa I ¯^v¯’¨MZ AvPiY cwieZ©b, w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Ges cixweÿY Kivi Dci Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi mswkøó Kgx©‡`i ̀ ÿZv Dbœqb|
djvdjGB cÖKí †_‡K wb‡gœv³ djvdjmg~n cvIqv hv‡e-
1. Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi Kg© GjvKvi gvby‡li ¯^v¯’¨wewa welqK cwiKíbv cÖYqb, ev¯Íevqb I cwiexÿ‡Yi Rb¨ ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’v (IMO) Kgx©‡`i Ávb I ̀ ÿZv e„w× †c‡q‡Q;
2. ¯^v¯’¨MZ AvPiY cwieZ©‡bi Dci 8wU †Rjvi wmGjwci ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’v (IMO) mg~‡ni Kg©GjvKvi wbw`©ó msL¨K wfwWwm m`m¨, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix, Pi cywó Kgx© I Pi ̄ ^v¯’¨ Kgx©‡`i mnvqZvKiY ̀ ÿZv DbœxZ n‡q‡Q|
3. ¯^v¯’¨MZ AvPiY cwieZ©‡b D‡`¨vM MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ 8wU †Rjvi wmGjwci ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’v (IMO) mg~‡ni Kg©GjvKvi MÖvgmg~‡n Kvh©Kix cwiKíbv cÖYqb, ev¯Íevqb I cwiexÿ‡Y wbw`©ó msL¨K wfwWwm m`m¨, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix, Pi cywó Kg©x I Pi ̄ ^v¯’¨ Kgx©‡`i ̀ ÿZv e„w× †c‡q‡Q|
Pi jvBfwjûW †cÖvMÖ‡gi 17wU ev¯Íevqb Kvix ms¯’v (IMO)-i Rb mswkøó Kgx©MY mivmwi cÖwkÿY cv‡eb Ges Zv‡`i gva¨‡g Kg© GjvKvi RYM‡Yi cÖZ¨vwkZ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm welqK Ávb e„w× cv‡e I AvPi‡Yi cwieZ©b NU‡e|
†÷K‡nvìvi
ŸUNICEF: wjW G‡RwÝ wnmv‡e wmGjwc Ges cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkvb, evsjv‡`k Gi g‡a¨ mgš^q I KvwiMix mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡e;
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : nvBwRb wkÿv, cÖmvi I Dbœqb
Awa‡ekb Dc-welq : 1. ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm (nvBwRb) m¤ú‡K© aviYv
2. nvBwRb †d«g IqvK© I nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii (Hygiene Domains) †ÿÎmg~n
3. nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii wb‡`©kK bxwZgvjv (Guiding Princles)
4. Av_©-mvgvwRK cÖfve
D‡Ïk¨ : ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm, ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm wkÿv I ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
nvBwRb †d«g IqvK© I nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii †ÿÎmg~n (Hygiene Domains) wel‡q aviYv cv‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii wb‡`©kK bxwZgvjv (Guiding Princles) m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
nvBwRb ev ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm m¤ú‡K© Ávb I Abykxjb bv Kivi Kvi‡Y RbRxe‡b Av_©-mvgvwRK cÖfve m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb|
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi, Dc¯’vcb I gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
DcKiY : wfc KvW©, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
mgq : 25 wgwbU
Awa‡ekb : 03
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : nvBwRb wkÿv, cÖmvi I Dbœqb
Awa‡ekb Dc-welq : 1. ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm (nvBwRb) m¤ú‡K© aviYv
2. nvBwRb †d«g IqvK© I nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii (Hygiene Domains) †ÿÎmg~n
3. nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii wb‡`©kK bxwZgvjv (Guiding Princles)
4. Av_©-mvgvwRK cÖfve
D‡Ïk¨ : ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm, ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm wkÿv I ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
nvBwRb †d«g IqvK© I nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii †ÿÎmg~n (Hygiene Domains) wel‡q aviYv cv‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii wb‡`©kK bxwZgvjv (Guiding Princles) m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
nvBwRb ev ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm m¤ú‡K© Ávb I Abykxjb bv Kivi Kvi‡Y RbRxe‡b Av_©-mvgvwRK cÖfve m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb|
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi, Dc¯’vcb I gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
DcKiY : wfc KvW©, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
mgq : 25 wgwbU
Awa‡ekb : 03
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 1mnvqK G c‡e© nvBwRb †d«g IqvK© I nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii †ÿÎmg~n (Hygiene Domains) Kx Kx n‡e, Zv AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ †_‡K Rvb‡eb Ges †ÿÎmg~‡ni cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| c‡i mnvqK nvBwRb †d«g IqvK© I nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii †ÿÎmg~n (Hygiene Domains) gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcbv Ki‡eb Ges †mkb †kl Ki‡eb|
avc 2G c‡e© mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmv‡ii wb‡`©kK bxwZgvjv (Guiding Princles) m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g Rvb‡eb Ges †ev‡W© †jL‡eb| Zvici gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmv‡ii wb‡`©kK bxwZgvjvmg~n Ges ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Abykxjb bv Kivi Kvi‡Y Av_©-mvgvwRK cÖfve †Kgb n‡Z cv‡i welqwU Dc¯’vcbv Ki‡eb| cwi‡k‡l wZwb mK‡ji KvQ †_‡K G Awa‡ek‡bi g~j wkLb m¤ú‡K© ïb‡eb Ges mKj‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q G Awa‡ekb †kl Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbv, Dc¯’vcbv
Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi I
Dc¯’vcbv
15 wgwbU
25 wgwbU
gvK©vi I gvwëwgwWqv
gvK©vi I gvwëwgwWqv
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡`i ¶gZv I AvZœwek¦vm RvMv‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| mwZ¨Kv‡ii ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z AvPiY cÖmvi n‡”Q Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hv e¨w³ Ges Rb‡Mvôx‡K Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i Rxe‡bi cwieZ©‡bi cvkvcvwk Zv‡`i mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK Ges cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’vi cwieZ©‡bI f~wgKv iv‡L| nvBwRb cÖmvi g~jZt wb‡¤œv³ †ÿÎmg~‡ni mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³:
1. m¨vwb‡Ukb nvBwRb ev gvby‡li gj-g~Î e¨e¯’vcbv/ AcmviY;
2. IqvUvi nvBwRb- wbivc` cvwbi Drm wbe©vPb, e¨envi I iÿ‡eÿY;
3. cvi‡mvbvj nvBwRb-e¨w³MK ̄ ^v¯’¨ cwiPP©v (FZzKvjxb ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vmmn);
4. dzW nvBwRb- Lvevi ̂ Zwi I e¨envi;
5. BbfvBib‡g›Uvj nvBwRb - cvwievwiK I cwi‡ekMZ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm †QvU b`©gv I cvwievwiK eR©¨ e¨e¯’vcbv)|
(National Hygiene Promotion Strategy: 2012)
nvBwRb cÖmvi AšÍ©f‚³ K‡i H mKj †KŠkj hv Drmvn cÖ`vb I mnRZi K‡i GKwU cÖwµqv‡K hvi mvnv‡h¨ RbMY wbiƒcY K‡i, we‡ePbv cÖm~Z cQ›` K‡i, ̀ vwe K‡i, Kvh©Ki Ges †UKmB K‡i nvBwRbMZ I ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z Af¨vm| GwU cwiwaf~³ K‡i e¨w³MZ, Mvn©¯’¨ I cwi‡ekMZ nvBwRb cÖmvi mswkøó Af¨vm¸‡jv‡K Ges †Kvb Kg© ev D‡`¨vM‡K hv †ivM-e¨wai weiæ‡× m„wó K‡i cÖwZeÜKZv| ÔnvBwRb cÖmviÕ-‡K cvwb mieivn I m¨vwb‡Ukb-Gi mv‡_ we‡klfv‡e m¤úK©hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
(National Hygiene Promotion Strategy: 2012)
Hygiene promotion includes strategies that encourage or facilitate a process whereby people assess, make considered choices, demand, effect, and sustain hygienic and healthy behaviors.
This encompasses personal, domestic, and environmental hygiene practices and any action or initiative taken to erect barriers to diseases.
In this strategy paper, the ‘Hygiene Promotion’ is considered particularly related to water supply and sanitation.
(National Hygiene Promotion Strategy: 2012)
nvBwRb Dbœ&q‡bi wbg©vY KvVv‡gvi Dci wfwË K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki cvwb mieivn I m¨vwb‡Ub e¨e¯’vi Rb¨ nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii RvZxq †KŠkjcÎ ̂ Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| wbg©vY KvVv‡gvi Rb¨ 3wU g~j Dcv`vb n‡jv:
1. mnRjf¨Zv
2. nvBwRb cÖmvi I
3. AbyKyj cwi‡ek
GB 3wU Dcv`v‡bi mgš^‡q MwVZ GKwU mgwš^Z Kg©m~Px n‡jv ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmvi|
nvBwRb †d«g IqvK© (Hygiene Framework)
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 24 25
¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm (Hygiene) m¤ú‡K© aviYv mvaviYZ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm ej‡Z cwi®‹vi-cwiQbœZvi gva¨‡g msµvgb cÖwZ‡iva‡K eySvq| wKš‘ cÖK„Z A‡_© ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm n‡jv ¯^v¯’¨ I ̄ ^v¯’¨Ki Rxeb hvcb Kivi wewa-weavb‡K eySvq| ̄ ^v¯’¨wewai cwimi e¨w³MZ ch©vq †_‡K M„n¯’vwj n‡q †ckvMZ Ges Rb¯^v¯’¨ ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z| GQvovI ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Lvevi, cwi®‹vi-cwiQbœZv Ges gvbwmK ¯^v‡¯’¨i mv‡_I m¤úK©hy³| nvBwRb ej‡Z, Amy¯’Zv ev †iv‡Mi we¯Ívi cÖwZ‡iv‡a e¨w³ I Zvi cvwicvwk¦K cwi‡ek cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ ivLv‡K eySvq|
¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm (Hygiene) nvBwRb (Hygiene) kãwU MÖxK Hygienous †_‡K G‡m‡Q hvi A_© n‡”Q ̄ ^v¯’¨ m¤úwK©Z ev my¯^v¯’¨ msiÿY| A_©vr my¯’ Rxe‡bi Rb¨ wb‡R Ges wb‡Ri Pvicv‡ki cwi‡ek‡K cwi”Qbœ Ges †iv‡Mi msµgb I Amy¯’Zv cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ †h Af¨vm PP©v Kiv nq ZvB nvBwRb ev ̄ ^v¯’¨f¨vm|
¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm wk¶v (Hygiene Education)¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm wk¶v n‡PQ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm ev nvBwRb wel‡q m‡PZbZv e„wØi Rb¨ RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv| mbvZb ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm wk¶vq wmØvšÍ MÖn‡Yi ¶gZv I ̀ vwqZ¡ Rb‡Mvôx‡K †`qv nq bv A_ev jw¶Z Rb‡Mvôxi ms¯‹…wZi K_v wPšÍv Kiv nq bv| wKš‘ GLv‡b Ávbvfve Ges Af¨vm GB wek¦v‡mi Dci cÖwZwôZ †h, hw` RbMY‡K ïaygvÎ Zv‡`i fMœ¯^v‡¯’¨i KviY m¤ú‡K© ejv nq Zvn‡j Zviv wbR D‡`¨v‡MB AvPiY cwieZ©b Ki‡e| aviYv Kiv nq †h, hLb RbMY eyS‡Z cvi‡e wKfv‡e m¨vwb‡Ukb ev cqtwb®‹vkb m¤úwK©Z †ivM¸‡jv Qovq ZLbB A¯^v¯’¨Ki Af¨vm¸‡jv Zviv MÖnY Ki‡e|
¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z AvPiY cÖmvi (Hygiene promotion)¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z AvPiY cÖmvi n‡PQ wKQy mnvqK I MÖnY‡hvM¨ †KŠkj hv nvBwRb welqK Z_¨ Ávb e„wØi cvkvcvwk e¨w³i Af¨vm ev AvPi‡Yi BwZevPK cwieZ©b NUvq| nvBwRb cÖ‡gvkb GKwU e„nËi ¯^v‡¯’¨vbœqb Kg©m~Pxi Ask we‡kl hv ¯^v‡¯’¨i KvVv‡gvMZ welq¸‡jvi cÖwZ bRi †`q| cvkvcvwk RbM‡Yi e¨w³MZ ¯^v¯’¨ I A‡b¨i ¯^v¯’¨ msµvšÍ welq¸‡jv
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 1mnvqK G c‡e© nvBwRb †d«g IqvK© I nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii †ÿÎmg~n (Hygiene Domains) Kx Kx n‡e, Zv AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ †_‡K Rvb‡eb Ges †ÿÎmg~‡ni cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| c‡i mnvqK nvBwRb †d«g IqvK© I nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii †ÿÎmg~n (Hygiene Domains) gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcbv Ki‡eb Ges †mkb †kl Ki‡eb|
avc 2G c‡e© mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmv‡ii wb‡`©kK bxwZgvjv (Guiding Princles) m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g Rvb‡eb Ges †ev‡W© †jL‡eb| Zvici gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmv‡ii wb‡`©kK bxwZgvjvmg~n Ges ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Abykxjb bv Kivi Kvi‡Y Av_©-mvgvwRK cÖfve †Kgb n‡Z cv‡i welqwU Dc¯’vcbv Ki‡eb| cwi‡k‡l wZwb mK‡ji KvQ †_‡K G Awa‡ek‡bi g~j wkLb m¤ú‡K© ïb‡eb Ges mKj‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q G Awa‡ekb †kl Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbv, Dc¯’vcbv
Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi I
Dc¯’vcbv
15 wgwbU
25 wgwbU
gvK©vi I gvwëwgwWqv
gvK©vi I gvwëwgwWqv
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡`i ¶gZv I AvZœwek¦vm RvMv‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| mwZ¨Kv‡ii ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z AvPiY cÖmvi n‡”Q Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hv e¨w³ Ges Rb‡Mvôx‡K Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i Rxe‡bi cwieZ©‡bi cvkvcvwk Zv‡`i mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK Ges cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’vi cwieZ©‡bI f~wgKv iv‡L| nvBwRb cÖmvi g~jZt wb‡¤œv³ †ÿÎmg~‡ni mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³:
1. m¨vwb‡Ukb nvBwRb ev gvby‡li gj-g~Î e¨e¯’vcbv/ AcmviY;
2. IqvUvi nvBwRb- wbivc` cvwbi Drm wbe©vPb, e¨envi I iÿ‡eÿY;
3. cvi‡mvbvj nvBwRb-e¨w³MK ̄ ^v¯’¨ cwiPP©v (FZzKvjxb ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vmmn);
4. dzW nvBwRb- Lvevi ̂ Zwi I e¨envi;
5. BbfvBib‡g›Uvj nvBwRb - cvwievwiK I cwi‡ekMZ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm †QvU b`©gv I cvwievwiK eR©¨ e¨e¯’vcbv)|
(National Hygiene Promotion Strategy: 2012)
nvBwRb cÖmvi AšÍ©f‚³ K‡i H mKj †KŠkj hv Drmvn cÖ`vb I mnRZi K‡i GKwU cÖwµqv‡K hvi mvnv‡h¨ RbMY wbiƒcY K‡i, we‡ePbv cÖm~Z cQ›` K‡i, ̀ vwe K‡i, Kvh©Ki Ges †UKmB K‡i nvBwRbMZ I ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z Af¨vm| GwU cwiwaf~³ K‡i e¨w³MZ, Mvn©¯’¨ I cwi‡ekMZ nvBwRb cÖmvi mswkøó Af¨vm¸‡jv‡K Ges †Kvb Kg© ev D‡`¨vM‡K hv †ivM-e¨wai weiæ‡× m„wó K‡i cÖwZeÜKZv| ÔnvBwRb cÖmviÕ-‡K cvwb mieivn I m¨vwb‡Ukb-Gi mv‡_ we‡klfv‡e m¤úK©hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
(National Hygiene Promotion Strategy: 2012)
Hygiene promotion includes strategies that encourage or facilitate a process whereby people assess, make considered choices, demand, effect, and sustain hygienic and healthy behaviors.
This encompasses personal, domestic, and environmental hygiene practices and any action or initiative taken to erect barriers to diseases.
In this strategy paper, the ‘Hygiene Promotion’ is considered particularly related to water supply and sanitation.
(National Hygiene Promotion Strategy: 2012)
nvBwRb Dbœ&q‡bi wbg©vY KvVv‡gvi Dci wfwË K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki cvwb mieivn I m¨vwb‡Ub e¨e¯’vi Rb¨ nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii RvZxq †KŠkjcÎ ̂ Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| wbg©vY KvVv‡gvi Rb¨ 3wU g~j Dcv`vb n‡jv:
1. mnRjf¨Zv
2. nvBwRb cÖmvi I
3. AbyKyj cwi‡ek
GB 3wU Dcv`v‡bi mgš^‡q MwVZ GKwU mgwš^Z Kg©m~Px n‡jv ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmvi|
nvBwRb †d«g IqvK© (Hygiene Framework)
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 24 25
¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm (Hygiene) m¤ú‡K© aviYv mvaviYZ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm ej‡Z cwi®‹vi-cwiQbœZvi gva¨‡g msµvgb cÖwZ‡iva‡K eySvq| wKš‘ cÖK„Z A‡_© ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm n‡jv ¯^v¯’¨ I ̄ ^v¯’¨Ki Rxeb hvcb Kivi wewa-weavb‡K eySvq| ̄ ^v¯’¨wewai cwimi e¨w³MZ ch©vq †_‡K M„n¯’vwj n‡q †ckvMZ Ges Rb¯^v¯’¨ ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z| GQvovI ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Lvevi, cwi®‹vi-cwiQbœZv Ges gvbwmK ¯^v‡¯’¨i mv‡_I m¤úK©hy³| nvBwRb ej‡Z, Amy¯’Zv ev †iv‡Mi we¯Ívi cÖwZ‡iv‡a e¨w³ I Zvi cvwicvwk¦K cwi‡ek cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ ivLv‡K eySvq|
¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm (Hygiene) nvBwRb (Hygiene) kãwU MÖxK Hygienous †_‡K G‡m‡Q hvi A_© n‡”Q ̄ ^v¯’¨ m¤úwK©Z ev my¯^v¯’¨ msiÿY| A_©vr my¯’ Rxe‡bi Rb¨ wb‡R Ges wb‡Ri Pvicv‡ki cwi‡ek‡K cwi”Qbœ Ges †iv‡Mi msµgb I Amy¯’Zv cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ †h Af¨vm PP©v Kiv nq ZvB nvBwRb ev ̄ ^v¯’¨f¨vm|
¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm wk¶v (Hygiene Education)¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm wk¶v n‡PQ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm ev nvBwRb wel‡q m‡PZbZv e„wØi Rb¨ RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv| mbvZb ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm wk¶vq wmØvšÍ MÖn‡Yi ¶gZv I ̀ vwqZ¡ Rb‡Mvôx‡K †`qv nq bv A_ev jw¶Z Rb‡Mvôxi ms¯‹…wZi K_v wPšÍv Kiv nq bv| wKš‘ GLv‡b Ávbvfve Ges Af¨vm GB wek¦v‡mi Dci cÖwZwôZ †h, hw` RbMY‡K ïaygvÎ Zv‡`i fMœ¯^v‡¯’¨i KviY m¤ú‡K© ejv nq Zvn‡j Zviv wbR D‡`¨v‡MB AvPiY cwieZ©b Ki‡e| aviYv Kiv nq †h, hLb RbMY eyS‡Z cvi‡e wKfv‡e m¨vwb‡Ukb ev cqtwb®‹vkb m¤úwK©Z †ivM¸‡jv Qovq ZLbB A¯^v¯’¨Ki Af¨vm¸‡jv Zviv MÖnY Ki‡e|
¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z AvPiY cÖmvi (Hygiene promotion)¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z AvPiY cÖmvi n‡PQ wKQy mnvqK I MÖnY‡hvM¨ †KŠkj hv nvBwRb welqK Z_¨ Ávb e„wØi cvkvcvwk e¨w³i Af¨vm ev AvPi‡Yi BwZevPK cwieZ©b NUvq| nvBwRb cÖ‡gvkb GKwU e„nËi ¯^v‡¯’¨vbœqb Kg©m~Pxi Ask we‡kl hv ¯^v‡¯’¨i KvVv‡gvMZ welq¸‡jvi cÖwZ bRi †`q| cvkvcvwk RbM‡Yi e¨w³MZ ¯^v¯’¨ I A‡b¨i ¯^v¯’¨ msµvšÍ welq¸‡jv
cvwb I m¨vwb‡Ukb RwbZ †ivM-e¨vwa cÖwZ‡iva KvVv‡gv:
nvW©Iq¨vi DcKi‡Y AwfMg¨Zv
cvwb mieivn cÖYvjx:m¨vwb‡Ukb myweavw`;
cÖhyw³: nvBwRb wKU I Ab¨vb¨ `ªe¨vw`
¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z AvPiY cÖmvi
AvPiY cwieZ©b Rb¨ †hvMv‡hvM (wewmwm);
DbœZ mvgvwRK wbqgvPvi;Rb‡Mvôxi AskMÖnY; mvgvwRK wecYb I
G¨vW‡fv‡Kwm|
cvwb I m¨vwb‡Ukb RwbZ †ivM-e¨vwa cÖwZ‡iva
mÿgZv AbyKzj
bxwZgvjv Dbœqb;Rb‡Mvôxi msMVb;
cÖvwZôvwbK ÿgZvqb Iwewb‡qvM|
Source: National Hygiene Promotion Strategy 2012
nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii (Hygiene Domains) †ÿÎmg~n
nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii wb‡`©kK bxwZgvjv (Guiding Princles)
¯^v¯’¨MZ AvPiY I mvgvwRK wbqgbxwZi cÖfv‡e †h mKj †ivM-e¨wa we¯Ívi jvf K‡i Zvi Avw½‡K nvBwRb cªmv‡ii †ÿÎmg~n‡K e„nËi 5wU †kÖYx‡Z fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb-
1. m¨vwb‡Ukb nvBwRb ev gvby‡li gj-g~Î e¨e¯’vcbv/ AcmviY;
2. cvwbi nvBwRb- wbivc` cvwbi Drm wbe©vPb, e¨envi I iÿ‡eÿY;
3. e¨w³MZ ̄ ^v¯’¨ cwiPh©v (FZzKvjxb ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vmmn);
4. Lv‡`¨i nvBwRb- Lvevi ̂ Zwi I e¨envi;
5. cwi‡ekMZ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm- cvwievwiK I cwi‡ekMZ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm †QvU b`©gv I cvwievwiK eR©¨ e¨e¯’vcbv)|
RvZxq I AvšÍRvwZK ch©v‡q m‡e©v”P mdj I Kvh©Ki ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z AvPiY cÖmvi Kg©m~Px m¤ú‡K© Ávb Avni‡Yi †cÖwÿ‡Z Kg©m~Pxi mKj ch©v‡q I ̄ ͇i AbymiYxq †gŠwjK bxwZmg~n n‡jv-
ŸcÖv_wgKfv‡e †eu‡P _vKv I my¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm wbivc` cvwb I m¨vwb‡Ukb Kg©m~Pxi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e|
ŸcwiKíbv cÖYqb, ev¯Íevqb I gwbUwis cÖwµqvq Ges GjvKv wfwËK ˆewk‡ó¨i †cÖÿvc‡U mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK I cªhyw³MZ h_v_©Zvq mKj Kg©Kv‡Ði †K‡›`ª _vK‡e Rb‡Mvôx|
Ÿ†mev cÖ`vbKvix I Kg©m~Px cÖYqbKvix KZ…©cÿ we‡Kw›`ªK…Z n‡e|
Ÿ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm AbykxjbB n‡”Q m¤§vb I gh©v`v|
Ÿ†UKmB ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm PP©vi Rb¨ Pvwn`v m„wó|
Ÿgvb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wewb‡qvM I Askx`vwiZ¡ m„wó Ges †UKmB Kivi Rb¨ m‡PZbZv e„w×, mÿgZv AR©b, nvBwRb cÖmvi, ̄ ’vbxq m¤ú‡`i e¨envi Ges A_©ms¯’vb c×wZ m„Rb|
Ÿ†RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj c×wZ‡Z gwnjv, evwjKv I wkï‡`i mywbw`ó Pvwn`v wbY©q|
ŸRiæwi Ae¯’v †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍÍwZ|
ŸcÖwZeÜxevÜe c×wZ‡Z wewfbœ gvÎvq gwnjv cyiæl I wkï‡`i mgm¨v †gvKv‡ejv|
Ÿcvwb I gjevwnZ †iv‡Mi g‡a¨ m‡ev©”P ̀ yN©Ubvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q- Wvqwiqv, K…wg msµgb I k¦vm-cªk¦vm RwbZ ̀ ~lY;
ŸAch©vß m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi Kvi‡Y cÖwZeQi Avgv‡`i RvZxq A_©bxwZi 5.3% ÿwZ nq;
ŸAKvj g„Zy¨i Kvi‡Y cÖwZ eQi Avgv‡`i †`‡k 195 wewjqb-Gi †ekx A_©‰bwZK ÿwZ nq;
ŸcÖwZ eQi Avgv‡`i †`‡k 31.9 wewjqb gvby‡li ̄ ^v¯’¨ welqK ÿwZ nq (evwo‡Z, K‡g© I ̄ ‹z‡j mgq AcPq);
ŸDbœZ cvwb I m¨vwb‡Ukb my‡hvM-myweav 99% Wvqwiqv †ivM, 90% Avgvkq †ivM Ges 51% K…wg msµvgY †ivM Kwg‡q Avb‡Z cv‡i;
ŸLvIqvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ †avqv wkï‡`i Wvqwiqv RwbZ †ivM I g„Zz¨i nvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv‡i Kwg‡q Avb‡Z cv‡i|
(Source: National Hygiene Promotion Strategy 2012)
Av_©-mvgvwRK cÖfve
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 26 27
cvwb I m¨vwb‡Ukb RwbZ †ivM-e¨vwa cÖwZ‡iva KvVv‡gv:
nvW©Iq¨vi DcKi‡Y AwfMg¨Zv
cvwb mieivn cÖYvjx:m¨vwb‡Ukb myweavw`;
cÖhyw³: nvBwRb wKU I Ab¨vb¨ `ªe¨vw`
¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z AvPiY cÖmvi
AvPiY cwieZ©b Rb¨ †hvMv‡hvM (wewmwm);
DbœZ mvgvwRK wbqgvPvi;Rb‡Mvôxi AskMÖnY; mvgvwRK wecYb I
G¨vW‡fv‡Kwm|
cvwb I m¨vwb‡Ukb RwbZ †ivM-e¨vwa cÖwZ‡iva
mÿgZv AbyKzj
bxwZgvjv Dbœqb;Rb‡Mvôxi msMVb;
cÖvwZôvwbK ÿgZvqb Iwewb‡qvM|
Source: National Hygiene Promotion Strategy 2012
nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii (Hygiene Domains) †ÿÎmg~n
nvBwRb cÖmv‡ii wb‡`©kK bxwZgvjv (Guiding Princles)
¯^v¯’¨MZ AvPiY I mvgvwRK wbqgbxwZi cÖfv‡e †h mKj †ivM-e¨wa we¯Ívi jvf K‡i Zvi Avw½‡K nvBwRb cªmv‡ii †ÿÎmg~n‡K e„nËi 5wU †kÖYx‡Z fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb-
1. m¨vwb‡Ukb nvBwRb ev gvby‡li gj-g~Î e¨e¯’vcbv/ AcmviY;
2. cvwbi nvBwRb- wbivc` cvwbi Drm wbe©vPb, e¨envi I iÿ‡eÿY;
3. e¨w³MZ ̄ ^v¯’¨ cwiPh©v (FZzKvjxb ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vmmn);
4. Lv‡`¨i nvBwRb- Lvevi ̂ Zwi I e¨envi;
5. cwi‡ekMZ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm- cvwievwiK I cwi‡ekMZ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm †QvU b`©gv I cvwievwiK eR©¨ e¨e¯’vcbv)|
RvZxq I AvšÍRvwZK ch©v‡q m‡e©v”P mdj I Kvh©Ki ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z AvPiY cÖmvi Kg©m~Px m¤ú‡K© Ávb Avni‡Yi †cÖwÿ‡Z Kg©m~Pxi mKj ch©v‡q I ̄ ͇i AbymiYxq †gŠwjK bxwZmg~n n‡jv-
ŸcÖv_wgKfv‡e †eu‡P _vKv I my¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm wbivc` cvwb I m¨vwb‡Ukb Kg©m~Pxi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e|
ŸcwiKíbv cÖYqb, ev¯Íevqb I gwbUwis cÖwµqvq Ges GjvKv wfwËK ˆewk‡ó¨i †cÖÿvc‡U mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK I cªhyw³MZ h_v_©Zvq mKj Kg©Kv‡Ði †K‡›`ª _vK‡e Rb‡Mvôx|
Ÿ†mev cÖ`vbKvix I Kg©m~Px cÖYqbKvix KZ…©cÿ we‡Kw›`ªK…Z n‡e|
Ÿ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm AbykxjbB n‡”Q m¤§vb I gh©v`v|
Ÿ†UKmB ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm PP©vi Rb¨ Pvwn`v m„wó|
Ÿgvb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wewb‡qvM I Askx`vwiZ¡ m„wó Ges †UKmB Kivi Rb¨ m‡PZbZv e„w×, mÿgZv AR©b, nvBwRb cÖmvi, ̄ ’vbxq m¤ú‡`i e¨envi Ges A_©ms¯’vb c×wZ m„Rb|
Ÿ†RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj c×wZ‡Z gwnjv, evwjKv I wkï‡`i mywbw`ó Pvwn`v wbY©q|
ŸRiæwi Ae¯’v †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍÍwZ|
ŸcÖwZeÜxevÜe c×wZ‡Z wewfbœ gvÎvq gwnjv cyiæl I wkï‡`i mgm¨v †gvKv‡ejv|
Ÿcvwb I gjevwnZ †iv‡Mi g‡a¨ m‡ev©”P ̀ yN©Ubvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q- Wvqwiqv, K…wg msµgb I k¦vm-cªk¦vm RwbZ ̀ ~lY;
ŸAch©vß m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi Kvi‡Y cÖwZeQi Avgv‡`i RvZxq A_©bxwZi 5.3% ÿwZ nq;
ŸAKvj g„Zy¨i Kvi‡Y cÖwZ eQi Avgv‡`i †`‡k 195 wewjqb-Gi †ekx A_©‰bwZK ÿwZ nq;
ŸcÖwZ eQi Avgv‡`i †`‡k 31.9 wewjqb gvby‡li ̄ ^v¯’¨ welqK ÿwZ nq (evwo‡Z, K‡g© I ̄ ‹z‡j mgq AcPq);
ŸDbœZ cvwb I m¨vwb‡Ukb my‡hvM-myweav 99% Wvqwiqv †ivM, 90% Avgvkq †ivM Ges 51% K…wg msµvgY †ivM Kwg‡q Avb‡Z cv‡i;
ŸLvIqvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ †avqv wkï‡`i Wvqwiqv RwbZ †ivM I g„Zz¨i nvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv‡i Kwg‡q Avb‡Z cv‡i|
(Source: National Hygiene Promotion Strategy 2012)
Av_©-mvgvwRK cÖfve
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 26 27
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv
Awa‡ekb Dc-welq : mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvi †cÖÿvcU
8wU jÿ¨ I Iqvk-Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ jÿ¨mg~n
D‡Ïk¨ : mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
8wU jÿ¨ I Iqvk-Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ jÿ¨mg~n m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡e Ges Ab¨‡`i Kv‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi I Dc¯’vcb
DcKiY : wfc KvW© I gvwëwgwWqv
mgq : 25 NÈv
Awa‡ekb : 04
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv
Awa‡ekb Dc-welq : mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvi †cÖÿvcU
8wU jÿ¨ I Iqvk-Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ jÿ¨mg~n
D‡Ïk¨ : mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
8wU jÿ¨ I Iqvk-Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ jÿ¨mg~n m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡e Ges Ab¨‡`i Kv‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi I Dc¯’vcb
DcKiY : wfc KvW© I gvwëwgwWqv
mgq : 25 NÈv
Awa‡ekb : 04
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 1mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wbKU †_‡K mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvi †cÖÿvcU m¤ú‡K© aviYv Rvbvi Rb¨ wfc KvW© c×wZ e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib A_ev AskMÖnYKvixi K‡qK R‡bi wbKU mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvi †cÖÿvcU m¤ú‡K© ïb‡eb| Zvici mnvqK mK‡ji gZvgZ wgwj‡q †`Lvi Rb¨ mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvi †cÖÿvcU m¤ú‡K© GKwU gvwëwgwWqv Dc¯’vcbv Ki‡eb|
avc 2mnvqK G c‡e© 8wU jÿ¨ I Iqvk-Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ jÿ¨mg~n I Gi jÿ¨gvÎv wb‡q gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb Ges 8wU jÿ¨gvÎvi mv‡_ †Kvb †KvbwUi mv‡_ Iqvk mivmwi mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvq Ae`vb ivL‡Z cvi‡Q Av‡jvPbvi ga¨ w`‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi,
Dc¯’vcbv
Av‡jvPbv, Dc¯’vcbv
10 wgwbU
15 wgwbU
wfc KvW© I gvwëwgwWqv
gvK©vi I gvwëwgwWqv
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv j¶¨ 2 : mve©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wk¶v wbwðZ Kivj¶¨gvÎv 3| 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ †Q‡j-†g‡q wbwe©‡k‡l mKj wkï hv‡Z cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi wk¶vµg c~Y© Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv wbwðZ Kiv
j¶¨ 3 : bvix-cyiæ‡li mgZv I bvixi ¶gZvqbj¶¨gvÎv 4| 2005 mv‡ji g‡a¨ cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK ch©v‡q Ges 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ mKj wk¶v¯Í‡i bvix-cyiæ‡li ˆelg¨ ̀ ~i Kiv
j¶¨ 4 : wkï g„Zy¨ n«vmj¶¨gvÎv 5| 1990 †_‡K 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ 5 erm‡ii Kg eqmx wkï‡`i g„Zy¨i nvi ̀ yB-Z…Zxqvsk n«vm Kiv
j¶¨ 5 : cÖm~wZ-¯^v‡¯’¨i Dbœqb mvabj¶¨gvÎv 6| 1990 n‡Z 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ cÖmeKvjxb g„Zz¨nvi wZb-PZz_©vsk n«vm Kiv
j¶¨ 6 : GBP AvB wf/GBWm, g¨v‡jwiqv Ges Ab¨vb¨ †iv‡Mi †gvKv‡ejvj¶¨gvÎv 7| 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ GBP AvB wf/GBWm Gi we¯Ívi †iva Ges †ivMxi msL¨v n«vm Kiv
j¶¨gvÎv 8| 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ g¨v‡jwiqv †iv‡Mi we¯Ívi †iva Ges †ivMxi msL¨v n«vm Kiv
j¶¨ 7 : †UuKmB cwi‡ek wbwðZ Kivj¶¨gvÎv 9| RvZxq ch©v‡qi bxwZ I Kvh©µ‡g Dbœqb bxwZgvjv A½xf~Z Kiv Ges cwi‡ekMZ m¤ú‡`i ¶q †iva Kiv
j¶¨gvÎv 10| wbivc` cvwbewÂZ RbmsL¨v 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ A‡a©‡K bvwg‡q Avbv
j¶¨gvÎv 11| 2020 mv‡ji g‡a¨ b~¨bZg 10 †KvwU ew¯Íevmxi RxebhvÎvi gvb j¶¨Yxqfv‡e DbœZ Kiv
j¶¨ 8 : DbœwZi j‡¶¨ wek¦e¨vcx Askx`vixZ¡ M‡o †Zvjvj¶¨gvÎv 12| GKwU gy³, wbqg-wfwËK, wbwðZ I ̂ elg¨nxb evwYR¨ I A_©e¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjv †hLv‡b mymvkb, Dbœqb I `vwi`ª ̀ ~ixKi‡Y †`kxq Ges AvšÍR©vwZK msKí hy³ n‡e
j¶¨gvÎv 13| ¯^‡ívbœZ †`‡ki (Gj wW wm) we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv| Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡e: ïé I †KvUvgy³ ißvwbi my‡hvM; Mfxifv‡e FYMÖ¯Í †`‡ki Rb¨ FYgyw³ Kvh©µg †Rvi`vi Kiv Ges wØcvw¶K FY Ae‡jvcb Kiv; ̀ vwi`ª ̀ ~ixKi‡Y msKíe× †`k‡K AwaK cwigv‡b I Dbœqb mvnvh¨ cÖ`vb Kiv|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 30 31
mnvqK Z_¨: 04
mnmªvã ev wg‡jwbqvg Dbœqb j¶¨ (MDG-Millennium Development Goals)2000 mv‡ji 6-8 †m‡Þ¤^i RvwZms‡N Ômnmªvã kxl© ̂ eVKÕ AbywôZ nq| bZzb mnmªv‡ãi ïiæ‡Z †`‡k †`‡k ̀ vwi`ª, ¶zav I †ivM, wbi¶iZv, cwi‡e‡ki Ae¶q Ges bvixi cÖwZ ̂ el‡g¨i weiæ‡× msMÖvg Ges we‡k¦i Dbœq‡b Askx`vwiZ¡ evov‡bvi Rb¨ we‡k¦i †bZviv mgqvbyM I cwigvc‡hvM¨ 8wU j¶¨ I cÖ‡Z¨KwU j‡¶¨i wecix‡Z †gvU 18wU j¶¨gvÎv avh© K‡ib| GBme mw¤§wjZ wek¦e¨vcx j¶¨ I j¶¨gvÎv AvR Ômn¯ªvã Dbœqb j¶¨Õ bv‡g cwiwPwZ AR©b K‡i‡Q Ges RvwZms‡Ni mKj m`m¨‡`‡k Zv M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| kxl© ˆeV‡Ki †k‡l Ômnmªvã †NvlYvqÕ †h mKj j¶¨ AR©‡b KiYxq welqmg~n Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q Zv wbgœiƒc:
j¶¨j¶¨ 1 : Pig ̀ vwi`ª I ¶zav wbg©~j Kivj¶¨ 2 : mve©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wk¶v wbwðZ Kivj¶¨ 3 : bvix-cyiæ‡li mgZv I bvixi ¶gZvqbj¶¨ 4 : wkï g„Zz¨ n«vmj¶¨ 5 : cÖm~wZ-¯^v‡¯’¨i Dbœqb mvabj¶¨ 6 : GBP AvB wf/GBWm, g¨v‡jwiqv Ges Ab¨vb¨ †iv‡Mi †gvKv‡ejvj¶¨ 7 : †UuKmB cwi‡ek wbwðZ Kivj¶¨ 8 : DbœwZi j‡¶¨ wek¦e¨vcx Askx`vixZ¡ M‡o †Zvjv
j¶¨ 1 : Pig `vwi`ª I ¶zav wbg©~j Kivj¶¨gvÎv 1| hv‡`i Avq w`bcÖwZ 1 Wjv‡ii Kg, 1990 †_‡K 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Zv‡`i msL¨v A‡a©‡K Kwg‡q Avbv|
j¶¨gvÎv 2| 1990 †_‡K 2015 mv‡ji †gvU Rb‡Mvôx‡Z ¶yavZ© gvby‡li msL¨v A‡a©‡K Kwg‡q Avbv|
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 1mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wbKU †_‡K mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvi †cÖÿvcU m¤ú‡K© aviYv Rvbvi Rb¨ wfc KvW© c×wZ e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib A_ev AskMÖnYKvixi K‡qK R‡bi wbKU mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvi †cÖÿvcU m¤ú‡K© ïb‡eb| Zvici mnvqK mK‡ji gZvgZ wgwj‡q †`Lvi Rb¨ mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvi †cÖÿvcU m¤ú‡K© GKwU gvwëwgwWqv Dc¯’vcbv Ki‡eb|
avc 2mnvqK G c‡e© 8wU jÿ¨ I Iqvk-Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ jÿ¨mg~n I Gi jÿ¨gvÎv wb‡q gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb Ges 8wU jÿ¨gvÎvi mv‡_ †Kvb †KvbwUi mv‡_ Iqvk mivmwi mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvq Ae`vb ivL‡Z cvi‡Q Av‡jvPbvi ga¨ w`‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi,
Dc¯’vcbv
Av‡jvPbv, Dc¯’vcbv
10 wgwbU
15 wgwbU
wfc KvW© I gvwëwgwWqv
gvK©vi I gvwëwgwWqv
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv j¶¨ 2 : mve©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wk¶v wbwðZ Kivj¶¨gvÎv 3| 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ †Q‡j-†g‡q wbwe©‡k‡l mKj wkï hv‡Z cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi wk¶vµg c~Y© Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv wbwðZ Kiv
j¶¨ 3 : bvix-cyiæ‡li mgZv I bvixi ¶gZvqbj¶¨gvÎv 4| 2005 mv‡ji g‡a¨ cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK ch©v‡q Ges 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ mKj wk¶v¯Í‡i bvix-cyiæ‡li ˆelg¨ ̀ ~i Kiv
j¶¨ 4 : wkï g„Zy¨ n«vmj¶¨gvÎv 5| 1990 †_‡K 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ 5 erm‡ii Kg eqmx wkï‡`i g„Zy¨i nvi ̀ yB-Z…Zxqvsk n«vm Kiv
j¶¨ 5 : cÖm~wZ-¯^v‡¯’¨i Dbœqb mvabj¶¨gvÎv 6| 1990 n‡Z 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ cÖmeKvjxb g„Zz¨nvi wZb-PZz_©vsk n«vm Kiv
j¶¨ 6 : GBP AvB wf/GBWm, g¨v‡jwiqv Ges Ab¨vb¨ †iv‡Mi †gvKv‡ejvj¶¨gvÎv 7| 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ GBP AvB wf/GBWm Gi we¯Ívi †iva Ges †ivMxi msL¨v n«vm Kiv
j¶¨gvÎv 8| 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ g¨v‡jwiqv †iv‡Mi we¯Ívi †iva Ges †ivMxi msL¨v n«vm Kiv
j¶¨ 7 : †UuKmB cwi‡ek wbwðZ Kivj¶¨gvÎv 9| RvZxq ch©v‡qi bxwZ I Kvh©µ‡g Dbœqb bxwZgvjv A½xf~Z Kiv Ges cwi‡ekMZ m¤ú‡`i ¶q †iva Kiv
j¶¨gvÎv 10| wbivc` cvwbewÂZ RbmsL¨v 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ A‡a©‡K bvwg‡q Avbv
j¶¨gvÎv 11| 2020 mv‡ji g‡a¨ b~¨bZg 10 †KvwU ew¯Íevmxi RxebhvÎvi gvb j¶¨Yxqfv‡e DbœZ Kiv
j¶¨ 8 : DbœwZi j‡¶¨ wek¦e¨vcx Askx`vixZ¡ M‡o †Zvjvj¶¨gvÎv 12| GKwU gy³, wbqg-wfwËK, wbwðZ I ̂ elg¨nxb evwYR¨ I A_©e¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjv †hLv‡b mymvkb, Dbœqb I `vwi`ª ̀ ~ixKi‡Y †`kxq Ges AvšÍR©vwZK msKí hy³ n‡e
j¶¨gvÎv 13| ¯^‡ívbœZ †`‡ki (Gj wW wm) we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv| Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡e: ïé I †KvUvgy³ ißvwbi my‡hvM; Mfxifv‡e FYMÖ¯Í †`‡ki Rb¨ FYgyw³ Kvh©µg †Rvi`vi Kiv Ges wØcvw¶K FY Ae‡jvcb Kiv; ̀ vwi`ª ̀ ~ixKi‡Y msKíe× †`k‡K AwaK cwigv‡b I Dbœqb mvnvh¨ cÖ`vb Kiv|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 30 31
mnvqK Z_¨: 04
mnmªvã ev wg‡jwbqvg Dbœqb j¶¨ (MDG-Millennium Development Goals)2000 mv‡ji 6-8 †m‡Þ¤^i RvwZms‡N Ômnmªvã kxl© ̂ eVKÕ AbywôZ nq| bZzb mnmªv‡ãi ïiæ‡Z †`‡k †`‡k ̀ vwi`ª, ¶zav I †ivM, wbi¶iZv, cwi‡e‡ki Ae¶q Ges bvixi cÖwZ ̂ el‡g¨i weiæ‡× msMÖvg Ges we‡k¦i Dbœq‡b Askx`vwiZ¡ evov‡bvi Rb¨ we‡k¦i †bZviv mgqvbyM I cwigvc‡hvM¨ 8wU j¶¨ I cÖ‡Z¨KwU j‡¶¨i wecix‡Z †gvU 18wU j¶¨gvÎv avh© K‡ib| GBme mw¤§wjZ wek¦e¨vcx j¶¨ I j¶¨gvÎv AvR Ômn¯ªvã Dbœqb j¶¨Õ bv‡g cwiwPwZ AR©b K‡i‡Q Ges RvwZms‡Ni mKj m`m¨‡`‡k Zv M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| kxl© ˆeV‡Ki †k‡l Ômnmªvã †NvlYvqÕ †h mKj j¶¨ AR©‡b KiYxq welqmg~n Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q Zv wbgœiƒc:
j¶¨j¶¨ 1 : Pig ̀ vwi`ª I ¶zav wbg©~j Kivj¶¨ 2 : mve©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wk¶v wbwðZ Kivj¶¨ 3 : bvix-cyiæ‡li mgZv I bvixi ¶gZvqbj¶¨ 4 : wkï g„Zz¨ n«vmj¶¨ 5 : cÖm~wZ-¯^v‡¯’¨i Dbœqb mvabj¶¨ 6 : GBP AvB wf/GBWm, g¨v‡jwiqv Ges Ab¨vb¨ †iv‡Mi †gvKv‡ejvj¶¨ 7 : †UuKmB cwi‡ek wbwðZ Kivj¶¨ 8 : DbœwZi j‡¶¨ wek¦e¨vcx Askx`vixZ¡ M‡o †Zvjv
j¶¨ 1 : Pig `vwi`ª I ¶zav wbg©~j Kivj¶¨gvÎv 1| hv‡`i Avq w`bcÖwZ 1 Wjv‡ii Kg, 1990 †_‡K 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Zv‡`i msL¨v A‡a©‡K Kwg‡q Avbv|
j¶¨gvÎv 2| 1990 †_‡K 2015 mv‡ji †gvU Rb‡Mvôx‡Z ¶yavZ© gvby‡li msL¨v A‡a©‡K Kwg‡q Avbv|
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : nvBwRb g‡Wj
Awa‡ekb Dc-welq : nvBwRb g‡Wj Kx, Gi D‡Ïk¨, djvdj, ev¯Íevqb †KŠkj
nvBwRb g¨vwUª·
nvBwRb g‡Wj WvqvMªvg
nvBwRb g‡Wj ev¯Íevq‡bi †KŠkj
nvBwRb Uzj&m/DcKiY
D‡Ïk¨ : nvBwRb g‡Wj, g‡W‡ji D‡Ïk¨, djvdj I ev¯Íevqb †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
nvBwRb g¨vwUª· I g‡Wj m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡e Ges Ab¨‡`i Kv‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
nvBwRb g‡Wj-Gi ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm wkÿv Uzj&m/DcKiY I ev¯Íevq‡bi †KŠkj/ Dcvq m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi, evR`j, †QvU ̀ ‡j KvR, Dc¯’vcb gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
DcKiY : wfc KvW©, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, mvBb †cb, eªvDb †ccvi, gvwëwgwWqv
mgq : 1 NÈv
Awa‡ekb : 05
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : nvBwRb g‡Wj
Awa‡ekb Dc-welq : nvBwRb g‡Wj Kx, Gi D‡Ïk¨, djvdj, ev¯Íevqb †KŠkj
nvBwRb g¨vwUª·
nvBwRb g‡Wj WvqvMªvg
nvBwRb g‡Wj ev¯Íevq‡bi †KŠkj
nvBwRb Uzj&m/DcKiY
D‡Ïk¨ : nvBwRb g‡Wj, g‡W‡ji D‡Ïk¨, djvdj I ev¯Íevqb †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
nvBwRb g¨vwUª· I g‡Wj m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡e Ges Ab¨‡`i Kv‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
nvBwRb g‡Wj-Gi ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm wkÿv Uzj&m/DcKiY I ev¯Íevq‡bi †KŠkj/ Dcvq m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi, evR`j, †QvU ̀ ‡j KvR, Dc¯’vcb gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
DcKiY : wfc KvW©, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, mvBb †cb, eªvDb †ccvi, gvwëwgwWqv
mgq : 1 NÈv
Awa‡ekb : 05
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 1mnvqK mKj AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 5 evR/eo `‡j fvM K‡i nvBwR‡bi 5wU wel‡qi Dci `jxq KvR Ki‡Z w`‡eb (RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmvi †KŠkjcÎ 2014 Gi Av‡jv‡K)| `jxq wel‡qi mv‡_ AšÍ©f~³ _vK‡e (Pi †cÖÿvc‡U)-wK wK mgm¨v Av‡Q, Kviv G mgm¨vq †ekx Kó cvq, mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Dcvq/†KŠkj wK n‡Z cv‡i, mgvav‡b Kv‡`i m¤ú„³Zv `iKvi? `jxq KvR †k‡l cÖwZwU `j Zv‡`i KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb Ges `jxq Dc¯’vcb †k‡l Dc¯’vwcZ dvBbwWsm Dci GKwU gy³ Av‡jvPbv Ges †mkb †_‡K GKwU w`K wb‡`©kbv †ewi‡q Avm‡e|
avc 2G c‡e© mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i nvBwRb g‡Wj m¤úwK©Z GKwU my¯úó aviYv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb Ges ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm wkÿv Uzj&m/DcKiY Av‡Q cÖ‡Z¨KwU DcKi‡Yi bvg, D‡Ïk¨ I e¨envi wewa wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Uzjm&/DcKiY e¨envi m¤úwK©Z c~e© AwfÁZv _vK‡j Zv‡`i Kv‡Qi †kvbv †h‡Z cv‡i (DcKiY wb‡q Av‡iv †Kvb cÖkœ _vK‡j DcKiY wb‡q c„_K †h †mkb Av‡Q †mLv‡b Av‡jvPbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i)|
avc 3mnvqK G c‡e© nvBwRb g‡Wj Gi gvwUª· I WvqvMÖv‡gi Dci wfwË K‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 5wU ̀ ‡j fvM cÖwZwU ̀ j‡K 1wU nvBwRb Bmy wb‡q wb‡¤œv³fv‡e ̀ jxq KvR Ki‡Z ej‡eb:
ŸAvgiv Bmy ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ wK wK KvR Kie (Pjgvb Kv‡Ri cvkvcvwk);
ŸwKfv‡e ev †Kvb c×wZ‡Z KvR Kie;
ŸwK wK DcKiY jvM‡e Ges KZUzKz mgq jvM‡Z cv‡i;
ŸwK wK djvdj Avm‡e|
`jxq KvR †k‡l mKj `j Zv‡`i `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb| `jxq Dc¯’vcbv †k‡l mnvqK mKj‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q G Awa‡ekb †kl Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbv, evR`j,
Dc¯’vcb I gy³ Av‡jvPbv
Av‡jvPbv, Dc¯’vcbv I
cÖ‡kœvËi
cÖ‡kœvËi I Dc¯’vcbv
30 wgwbU
15 wgwbU
15 wgwbU
mvBb †cb, gvK©vi I eªvDb †ccvi
nvBwRb DcKiY I gvwëwgwWqv gvK©vi
mvBb †cb, gvK©vi I eªvDb †ccvi
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv nvBRb g‡Wj (Hygiene Model)nvBwRb gvwUª· gvV ch©v‡q ev¯Íevq‡bi GKwU †KŠkjMZ w`K wb‡`©kbv n‡jv nvBwRb g‡Wj| G g‡WjwU Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi gvV ch©v‡qi Pvwn`v,ÔcÖwkÿY Pvwn`v wbiƒcYÕ, ÔjÛb nvBwRb ¯‹yj G¨vÛ UªwcK¨vj †gwWwmbÕ Ges ÔRvZxq ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmvi †KŠkjcÎ 2012Õ Gi g‡a¨ mgš^q K‡i ̂ Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| G g‡W‡j Pievmx‡`i ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cwieZ©b, Dbœqb I ¯’vqxZ¡kxjZvi Rb¨ wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †KŠkjMZ w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| w`K wb‡`©kbvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv:
Ÿg‡W‡ji D‡Ïk¨;
Ÿmgq Kvj: 16 gvm;
ŸnvBwRb g¨vwUª· I g‡Wj WvqvMÖvg;
Ÿev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’vi mÿgZv Dbœqb;
ŸcÖZ¨vwkZ djvdj;
ŸwfwWwmÕi mÿgZv Dbœqb;
ŸgvV ch©v‡q nvBwRb Bmy I Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb c×wZ;
ŸAskMÖnYg~jK Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYqb, ev¯Íevqb I gwbUwis;
Ÿmswkøó †÷K‡nvìvi‡`i ̀ vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨;
ŸcÖKí †k‡l Kvh©µg n¯ÍvšÍi (Phase out) cÖwµqv I
Ÿ¯’vwqZ¡kxjZv|
ÔRvZxq ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmvi †KŠkjcÎ 2012Õ G ewY©Z nvBwRb welqmg~‡ni ga¨ †_‡K †h mKj ̧ iæZ¡c~Y© welq Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ AZ¨vekK †m¸‡jv wPwýZ Kiv `iKvi| G †KŠkjc‡Îi Av‡jv‡K, we‡kl K‡i Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi Iqvk K‡¤úv‡b›U Gi Ask wn‡m‡e ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb I Pievmx‡`i †ivM-e¨wa cÖwZ‡iv‡ai j‡ÿ¨ GKwU ev¯Íe wfwËK nvBwRb g‡Wj ̂ Zwi Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡qQ|
RvZxq ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z AvPiY cÖmvi †KŠkjcÎ 2012Õ‡Z ewY©Z ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm welqmg~n wb‡¤œv³fv‡e AšÍf©~³ Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv n‡jv-
1. m¨vwb‡Ukb nvBwRb ev gvby‡li gj-g~Î e¨e¯’vcbv;
2. IqvUvi nvBwRb-wbivc` cvwbi Drm wbe©vPb,e¨envi I iÿYv‡eÿY;
3. cvi‡mvbvj nvBwRb-e¨w³MZ ̄ ^v¯’¨ cwiPh©v (FZzKvjxb ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vmmn);
4. dzW nvBwRb-Lvevi ̂ Zwi I e¨envi;
5. BbfvBib‡g›Uvj nvBwRb-cvwievwiK I cwi‡ekMZ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm (†QvU b`©gv I cvwievwiK eR©¨ e¨e¯’vcbv)|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 34 35
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 1mnvqK mKj AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 5 evR/eo `‡j fvM K‡i nvBwR‡bi 5wU wel‡qi Dci `jxq KvR Ki‡Z w`‡eb (RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmvi †KŠkjcÎ 2014 Gi Av‡jv‡K)| `jxq wel‡qi mv‡_ AšÍ©f~³ _vK‡e (Pi †cÖÿvc‡U)-wK wK mgm¨v Av‡Q, Kviv G mgm¨vq †ekx Kó cvq, mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Dcvq/†KŠkj wK n‡Z cv‡i, mgvav‡b Kv‡`i m¤ú„³Zv `iKvi? `jxq KvR †k‡l cÖwZwU `j Zv‡`i KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb Ges `jxq Dc¯’vcb †k‡l Dc¯’vwcZ dvBbwWsm Dci GKwU gy³ Av‡jvPbv Ges †mkb †_‡K GKwU w`K wb‡`©kbv †ewi‡q Avm‡e|
avc 2G c‡e© mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i nvBwRb g‡Wj m¤úwK©Z GKwU my¯úó aviYv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb Ges ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm wkÿv Uzj&m/DcKiY Av‡Q cÖ‡Z¨KwU DcKi‡Yi bvg, D‡Ïk¨ I e¨envi wewa wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Uzjm&/DcKiY e¨envi m¤úwK©Z c~e© AwfÁZv _vK‡j Zv‡`i Kv‡Qi †kvbv †h‡Z cv‡i (DcKiY wb‡q Av‡iv †Kvb cÖkœ _vK‡j DcKiY wb‡q c„_K †h †mkb Av‡Q †mLv‡b Av‡jvPbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i)|
avc 3mnvqK G c‡e© nvBwRb g‡Wj Gi gvwUª· I WvqvMÖv‡gi Dci wfwË K‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 5wU ̀ ‡j fvM cÖwZwU ̀ j‡K 1wU nvBwRb Bmy wb‡q wb‡¤œv³fv‡e ̀ jxq KvR Ki‡Z ej‡eb:
ŸAvgiv Bmy ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ wK wK KvR Kie (Pjgvb Kv‡Ri cvkvcvwk);
ŸwKfv‡e ev †Kvb c×wZ‡Z KvR Kie;
ŸwK wK DcKiY jvM‡e Ges KZUzKz mgq jvM‡Z cv‡i;
ŸwK wK djvdj Avm‡e|
`jxq KvR †k‡l mKj `j Zv‡`i `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb| `jxq Dc¯’vcbv †k‡l mnvqK mKj‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q G Awa‡ekb †kl Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbv, evR`j,
Dc¯’vcb I gy³ Av‡jvPbv
Av‡jvPbv, Dc¯’vcbv I
cÖ‡kœvËi
cÖ‡kœvËi I Dc¯’vcbv
30 wgwbU
15 wgwbU
15 wgwbU
mvBb †cb, gvK©vi I eªvDb †ccvi
nvBwRb DcKiY I gvwëwgwWqv gvK©vi
mvBb †cb, gvK©vi I eªvDb †ccvi
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv nvBRb g‡Wj (Hygiene Model)nvBwRb gvwUª· gvV ch©v‡q ev¯Íevq‡bi GKwU †KŠkjMZ w`K wb‡`©kbv n‡jv nvBwRb g‡Wj| G g‡WjwU Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi gvV ch©v‡qi Pvwn`v,ÔcÖwkÿY Pvwn`v wbiƒcYÕ, ÔjÛb nvBwRb ¯‹yj G¨vÛ UªwcK¨vj †gwWwmbÕ Ges ÔRvZxq ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmvi †KŠkjcÎ 2012Õ Gi g‡a¨ mgš^q K‡i ̂ Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| G g‡W‡j Pievmx‡`i ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cwieZ©b, Dbœqb I ¯’vqxZ¡kxjZvi Rb¨ wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †KŠkjMZ w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| w`K wb‡`©kbvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv:
Ÿg‡W‡ji D‡Ïk¨;
Ÿmgq Kvj: 16 gvm;
ŸnvBwRb g¨vwUª· I g‡Wj WvqvMÖvg;
Ÿev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’vi mÿgZv Dbœqb;
ŸcÖZ¨vwkZ djvdj;
ŸwfwWwmÕi mÿgZv Dbœqb;
ŸgvV ch©v‡q nvBwRb Bmy I Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb c×wZ;
ŸAskMÖnYg~jK Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYqb, ev¯Íevqb I gwbUwis;
Ÿmswkøó †÷K‡nvìvi‡`i ̀ vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨;
ŸcÖKí †k‡l Kvh©µg n¯ÍvšÍi (Phase out) cÖwµqv I
Ÿ¯’vwqZ¡kxjZv|
ÔRvZxq ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmvi †KŠkjcÎ 2012Õ G ewY©Z nvBwRb welqmg~‡ni ga¨ †_‡K †h mKj ̧ iæZ¡c~Y© welq Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ AZ¨vekK †m¸‡jv wPwýZ Kiv `iKvi| G †KŠkjc‡Îi Av‡jv‡K, we‡kl K‡i Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi Iqvk K‡¤úv‡b›U Gi Ask wn‡m‡e ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb I Pievmx‡`i †ivM-e¨wa cÖwZ‡iv‡ai j‡ÿ¨ GKwU ev¯Íe wfwËK nvBwRb g‡Wj ̂ Zwi Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡qQ|
RvZxq ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z AvPiY cÖmvi †KŠkjcÎ 2012Õ‡Z ewY©Z ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm welqmg~n wb‡¤œv³fv‡e AšÍf©~³ Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv n‡jv-
1. m¨vwb‡Ukb nvBwRb ev gvby‡li gj-g~Î e¨e¯’vcbv;
2. IqvUvi nvBwRb-wbivc` cvwbi Drm wbe©vPb,e¨envi I iÿYv‡eÿY;
3. cvi‡mvbvj nvBwRb-e¨w³MZ ̄ ^v¯’¨ cwiPh©v (FZzKvjxb ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vmmn);
4. dzW nvBwRb-Lvevi ̂ Zwi I e¨envi;
5. BbfvBib‡g›Uvj nvBwRb-cvwievwiK I cwi‡ekMZ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm (†QvU b`©gv I cvwievwiK eR©¨ e¨e¯’vcbv)|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 34 35
nvBwRb g¨vwUª· (Hygiene Matrix) nvBwRb gvwUª· nvBwRb g‡W‡ji GKwU ̧ iæZ¡c~Y© Ask we‡kl| nvBwRb g‡W‡ji ̧ iæZ¡c~Y© Askmgyn wb‡¤œ †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:
Bmy
1nvZ †avqv
2¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv
3wbivc` cvwb
(WSP-Gi
Av‡jv‡K)
evZ©v c×wZ Uzj/DcKiYmgq
1. wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ayB
2. cwiev‡ii mevB LvIqvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ayB
3. cwiev‡ii mevB †kŠPKvh© Kivi c‡i mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ayB
4. wkïi gj cwi®‹vi I †kŠPKvh© Kiv‡bvi c‡i mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ayB
5. †MvqvjNi cwi®‹vi Kivi ci/ KxUbvkK e¨env‡ii c‡i mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ayB
1. cwiev‡ii mevB ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi Kwi
2. m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q w`‡q cvqLvbv e¨envi Kwi
3. cvqLvbv e¨env‡ii ci wbqwgZ Zv cwi®‹vi I iÿYv‡eÿY Kwi
1. Lvevi cvwbi Drm wbivc` ivwL
2. cvwb fivi Av‡M Kjm/cv‡Îi wfZi-evwni fv‡jvfv‡e †g‡S ay‡q †bB
3. cvwb en‡bi mgq XvKbv w`‡q †X‡K Avwb
4. cvwbi cvÎ/Kjm DuPz ¯’v‡b †X‡K ivwL
5. wbivc` Dcv‡q cvwb cvb Kwi
DVvb ˆeVK
†Mgm
†jvK msMxZ, MY mgv‡ek I
cÖ`k©bx
DVvb ˆeVK
ivYx-iwe
†jvK msMxZ, MY mgv‡ek I
cÖ`k©bx
DVvb ˆeVK
†Mgm
†jvK msMxZ, MYmgv‡ek I
cÖ`k©bx
cU
d¬vk KvW©
w¯ŒÞ I kc_ †evW© mvevb
I cvwb
cU
d¬vk KvW©
w¯ŒÞ I kc_ †evW©, mvevb
I cvwb
cU
d¬vk KvW©
w¯ŒÞ I kc_ †evW©, mvevb
I cvwb
4 gvm
4 gvm
4 gvm
jwÿZRb‡Mvôx
cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨
cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨
cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨
gva¨g/`j
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x Ges gv I
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix `j
msMxZ `j
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x Ges gv I
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix `j
msMxZ `j
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x Ges gv I
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix `j
msMxZ `j
Bmy evZ©v c×wZ Uzj/DcKiYmgq jwÿZRb‡Mvôx
gva¨g/`j
4e¨w³MZ
¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm
5cwi‡ek
MZ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm
FZzKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm1. b¨vcwKb/cwi®‹vi Kvco
e¨envi Kwi2. e¨eüZ Kvco mvevb w`‡q
aBy I †iŠ‡ ª̀ ïKvB3. mwVK Dcv‡q Kvco
msiÿY Kwi
e¨w³MZ cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZv 1. cwiev‡ii mK‡j iv‡Z
Nygv‡Z hvIqvi Av‡M I mKv‡j LvIqvi ci `uvZ eªvk Kwi
2. cwiev‡ii mK‡j wbqwgZ bL KvwU
1. evwoi Pvicvk I †MvqvjNi cwi®‹vi ivwL
2. cvwievwiK AveR©bv K‡¤úv÷ M‡Z© ivwL
DVvb ˆeVK
DVvb ˆeVK
†jvK msMxZ, MY mgv‡ek I
cÖ`k©bx
†jvK msMxZ, MY mgv‡ek I
cÖ`k©bx
†jvK msMxZ, MY mgv‡ek I
cÖ`k©bx
d¬vk KvW©
cU I d¬vk KvW©
w¯ŒÞ I kc_ †evW© mvevb
I cvwb
cU I d¬vk KvW©
w¯ŒÞ I kc_ †evW© mvevb
I cvwb
2 gvm
2 gvm
wK‡kvix I gv
cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨
cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x Ges gv I wK‡kvix `j
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x Ges gv I
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix `j
msMxZ `j
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x Ges gv I
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix `j
msMxZ `j
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 36 37
nvBwRb g¨vwUª· (Hygiene Matrix) nvBwRb gvwUª· nvBwRb g‡W‡ji GKwU ̧ iæZ¡c~Y© Ask we‡kl| nvBwRb g‡W‡ji ̧ iæZ¡c~Y© Askmgyn wb‡¤œ †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:
Bmy
1nvZ †avqv
2¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv
3wbivc` cvwb
(WSP-Gi
Av‡jv‡K)
evZ©v c×wZ Uzj/DcKiYmgq
1. wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ayB
2. cwiev‡ii mevB LvIqvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ayB
3. cwiev‡ii mevB †kŠPKvh© Kivi c‡i mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ayB
4. wkïi gj cwi®‹vi I †kŠPKvh© Kiv‡bvi c‡i mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ayB
5. †MvqvjNi cwi®‹vi Kivi ci/ KxUbvkK e¨env‡ii c‡i mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ayB
1. cwiev‡ii mevB ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi Kwi
2. m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q w`‡q cvqLvbv e¨envi Kwi
3. cvqLvbv e¨env‡ii ci wbqwgZ Zv cwi®‹vi I iÿYv‡eÿY Kwi
1. Lvevi cvwbi Drm wbivc` ivwL
2. cvwb fivi Av‡M Kjm/cv‡Îi wfZi-evwni fv‡jvfv‡e †g‡S ay‡q †bB
3. cvwb en‡bi mgq XvKbv w`‡q †X‡K Avwb
4. cvwbi cvÎ/Kjm DuPz ¯’v‡b †X‡K ivwL
5. wbivc` Dcv‡q cvwb cvb Kwi
DVvb ˆeVK
†Mgm
†jvK msMxZ, MY mgv‡ek I
cÖ`k©bx
DVvb ˆeVK
ivYx-iwe
†jvK msMxZ, MY mgv‡ek I
cÖ`k©bx
DVvb ˆeVK
†Mgm
†jvK msMxZ, MYmgv‡ek I
cÖ`k©bx
cU
d¬vk KvW©
w¯ŒÞ I kc_ †evW© mvevb
I cvwb
cU
d¬vk KvW©
w¯ŒÞ I kc_ †evW©, mvevb
I cvwb
cU
d¬vk KvW©
w¯ŒÞ I kc_ †evW©, mvevb
I cvwb
4 gvm
4 gvm
4 gvm
jwÿZRb‡Mvôx
cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨
cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨
cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨
gva¨g/`j
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x Ges gv I
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix `j
msMxZ `j
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x Ges gv I
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix `j
msMxZ `j
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x Ges gv I
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix `j
msMxZ `j
Bmy evZ©v c×wZ Uzj/DcKiYmgq jwÿZRb‡Mvôx
gva¨g/`j
4e¨w³MZ
¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm
5cwi‡ek
MZ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm
FZzKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm1. b¨vcwKb/cwi®‹vi Kvco
e¨envi Kwi2. e¨eüZ Kvco mvevb w`‡q
aBy I †iŠ‡ ª̀ ïKvB3. mwVK Dcv‡q Kvco
msiÿY Kwi
e¨w³MZ cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZv 1. cwiev‡ii mK‡j iv‡Z
Nygv‡Z hvIqvi Av‡M I mKv‡j LvIqvi ci `uvZ eªvk Kwi
2. cwiev‡ii mK‡j wbqwgZ bL KvwU
1. evwoi Pvicvk I †MvqvjNi cwi®‹vi ivwL
2. cvwievwiK AveR©bv K‡¤úv÷ M‡Z© ivwL
DVvb ˆeVK
DVvb ˆeVK
†jvK msMxZ, MY mgv‡ek I
cÖ`k©bx
†jvK msMxZ, MY mgv‡ek I
cÖ`k©bx
†jvK msMxZ, MY mgv‡ek I
cÖ`k©bx
d¬vk KvW©
cU I d¬vk KvW©
w¯ŒÞ I kc_ †evW© mvevb
I cvwb
cU I d¬vk KvW©
w¯ŒÞ I kc_ †evW© mvevb
I cvwb
2 gvm
2 gvm
wK‡kvix I gv
cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨
cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x Ges gv I wK‡kvix `j
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x Ges gv I
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix `j
msMxZ `j
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x Ges gv I
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix `j
msMxZ `j
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 36 37
nvBRb g‡Wj (Hygiene Model) WvqvMÖvgnvBwRb gvwUª· nvBwRb g‡W‡ji GKwU ̧ iæZ¡c~Y© Ask we‡kl| nvBwRb gvwUª· gvV ch©v‡q ev¯Íevq‡bi GKwU †KŠkjMZ w`K wb‡`©kbvB n‡jv nvBwRb g‡Wj|
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : †hvMv‡hvM
Awa‡ekb Dc-welq : †hvMv‡hvM aviYv I Kvh©Kix †hvMv‡hvM
†hvMv‡hv‡M evav
†hvMv‡hvM g‡Wj
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿÎ I Bmy
D‡Ïk¨ : †hvMv‡hvM I Kvh©Kix †hvMv‡hvM m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
†hvMv‡hvM evav m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi Dcv`vb I †hvMv‡hvM g‡Wj, †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿÎ I Bmy m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb, e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, Awfbq, †Mgm, cÖ‡kœvËi, evR`j, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
DcKiY : †cv÷vi gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
mgq : 1 NÈv
Awa‡ekb : 06
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 38
cwiev‡ii
mKj m`m¨
5wU evZ©v
DcKiY
cU, d¬vk KvW©, w¯ŒÞ
I kc_ †evW©
c×wZ
DVvb ˆeVK, †Mgm,
†jŠK msMxZ
gva¨g
gv `j
wbivc` cvwb
1.Lvevi cvwbi Drm wbivc` ivwL
2.cvwb fivi Av‡M Kjm ev cv‡Îi
wfZi-evwni fv‡jvfv‡e †g‡R ay‡q †bB
3.cvwb en‡bi mgq XvKbv w`‡q †X‡K
Avwb
4.cvwbi Kjm ev cvÎ DPuz v̄’‡b †X‡K ivwL
5.wbivc` Dcv‡q cvwb cvb Kwi
4 gvm cÖ‡qvRb
cwie
v‡ii
mKj
m`m¨
2wU
evZ©v
DcKiY
d¬vk
KvW
© Iw÷
Kvi
c×wZ
†jŠK
msM
xZ I
MY m
gv‡e
kgv
a¨g
gv I
wkï
msMx
Z `
jcw
i‡ek
MZcw
i”Qb
œZv
1.ev
woi
Pvic
vk I
†Mv
qvjN
i
cwi®
‹vi i
vwL
2.cv
wiev
wiK A
veR©bv
K‡¤
úv÷
ˆZwi
i M‡
Z© i
vwL
2 gvm cÖ‡qvRb
cwiev‡ii
mKj m`m¨
3wU evZ©v
DcKiY
cU, d¬vk K
vW©, w¯ŒÞ
I kc_ †evW©
c×wZ
DVvb ˆeVK, †Mgm,
†jŠK msMxZ
gva¨g
gv I wkï
msMxZ `j
m¨vwb‡Ukb
1.cwiev‡ii mevB ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z
cvqLvbv e¨envi Kwi
2.cvqLvbv e¨env‡ii c‡i
wbqwgZ cwi®‹vi I
iÿYv‡eÿ
Y Kwi
3.m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q w`‡q cvqLvbv
e¨envi Kwi
4 gvm cÖ‡qvRb
cwiev‡iimKj m`m¨
5wU evZ©v
DcKiYcU, d¬vk KvW©, w¯ŒÞ
I kc_ †evW©
c×wZDVvb ˆeVK, †Mgm,
†jŠK msMxZ
gva¨ggv I wkïmsMxZ `j
nvZ †avqv
1.wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q `By nvZ aBy
2.cwiev‡ii mevB LvIqvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q `By nvZ aBy
3.cwiev‡ii mevB †kŠPKvh© Kivi c‡i mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ayB
4.wkïi gj cwi®‹vi I †kŠPKvh© Kiv‡bvi c‡i mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ayB
5.†MvqvjNi cwi®‹vi Kivi c‡i I KxUbvkK e¨env‡ii c‡i mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ayB
4 gv
m c
Ö‡qvR
b
wK‡kvix I gv
5wU evZ©v
DcKiY d¬vk KvW© I w÷Kvic×wZ DVvb ˆeV
Kgva¨g gv I wK
‡kvixe¨vw
³MZ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm
FZzKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨‡m
ev
1.FZzKvjxb m
g‡q b¨vc
wKb ev c
wi®‹vi
Kvco e¨envi
Kwi|
2.e¨eüZ Kvco mvevb
I cwi®‹vi
cvwb
w`‡q ayB
|3.e¨e
üZ Kvco †avqvi
ci †iŠ‡`ª
fv‡jvfv‡e
ïKvB|
cwi‡ek cwi”Q
bœZv
4.e¨eüZ Kvco mwVK
Dcv‡q msiÿ
Y
Kwi| 5.e¨eüZ b¨v
cwKb ev c
wiZ¨³ Kvco
wbw`©ó M
‡Z© cy‡Z ivwL|
2 gvm cÖ‡qvRb
5 Bmy
nvBRb g‡Wj (Hygiene Model) WvqvMÖvgnvBwRb gvwUª· nvBwRb g‡W‡ji GKwU ̧ iæZ¡c~Y© Ask we‡kl| nvBwRb gvwUª· gvV ch©v‡q ev¯Íevq‡bi GKwU †KŠkjMZ w`K wb‡`©kbvB n‡jv nvBwRb g‡Wj|
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : †hvMv‡hvM
Awa‡ekb Dc-welq : †hvMv‡hvM aviYv I Kvh©Kix †hvMv‡hvM
†hvMv‡hv‡M evav
†hvMv‡hvM g‡Wj
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿÎ I Bmy
D‡Ïk¨ : †hvMv‡hvM I Kvh©Kix †hvMv‡hvM m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
†hvMv‡hvM evav m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi Dcv`vb I †hvMv‡hvM g‡Wj, †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿÎ I Bmy m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb, e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, Awfbq, †Mgm, cÖ‡kœvËi, evR`j, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
DcKiY : †cv÷vi gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
mgq : 1 NÈv
Awa‡ekb : 06
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 38
cwiev‡ii
mKj m`m¨
5wU evZ©v
DcKiY
cU, d¬vk KvW©, w¯ŒÞ
I kc_ †evW©
c×wZ
DVvb ˆeVK, †Mgm,
†jŠK msMxZ
gva¨g
gv `j
wbivc` cvwb
1.Lvevi cvwbi Drm wbivc` ivwL
2.cvwb fivi Av‡M Kjm ev cv‡Îi
wfZi-evwni fv‡jvfv‡e †g‡R ay‡q †bB
3.cvwb en‡bi mgq XvKbv w`‡q †X‡K
Avwb
4.cvwbi Kjm ev cvÎ DPuz v̄’‡b †X‡K ivwL
5.wbivc` Dcv‡q cvwb cvb Kwi
4 gvm cÖ‡qvRb
cwie
v‡ii
mKj
m`m¨
2wU
evZ©v
DcKiY
d¬vk
KvW
© Iw÷
Kvi
c×wZ
†jŠK
msM
xZ I
MY m
gv‡e
kgv
a¨g
gv I
wkï
msMx
Z `
jcw
i‡ek
MZcw
i”Qb
œZv
1.ev
woi
Pvic
vk I
†Mv
qvjN
i
cwi®
‹vi i
vwL
2.cv
wiev
wiK A
veR©bv
K‡¤
úv÷
ˆZwi
i M‡
Z© i
vwL
2 gvm cÖ‡qvRb
cwiev‡ii
mKj m`m¨
3wU evZ©v
DcKiY
cU, d¬vk K
vW©, w¯ŒÞ
I kc_ †evW©
c×wZ
DVvb ˆeVK, †Mgm,
†jŠK msMxZ
gva¨g
gv I wkï
msMxZ `j
m¨vwb‡Ukb
1.cwiev‡ii mevB ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z
cvqLvbv e¨envi Kwi
2.cvqLvbv e¨env‡ii c‡i
wbqwgZ cwi®‹vi I
iÿYv‡eÿ
Y Kwi
3.m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q w`‡q cvqLvbv
e¨envi Kwi
4 gvm cÖ‡qvRb
cwiev‡iimKj m`m¨
5wU evZ©v
DcKiYcU, d¬vk KvW©, w¯ŒÞ
I kc_ †evW©
c×wZDVvb ˆeVK, †Mgm,
†jŠK msMxZ
gva¨ggv I wkïmsMxZ `j
nvZ †avqv
1.wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q `By nvZ aBy
2.cwiev‡ii mevB LvIqvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q `By nvZ aBy
3.cwiev‡ii mevB †kŠPKvh© Kivi c‡i mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ayB
4.wkïi gj cwi®‹vi I †kŠPKvh© Kiv‡bvi c‡i mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ayB
5.†MvqvjNi cwi®‹vi Kivi c‡i I KxUbvkK e¨env‡ii c‡i mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ayB
4 gv
m c
Ö‡qvR
b
wK‡kvix I gv
5wU evZ©v
DcKiY d¬vk KvW© I w÷Kvic×wZ DVvb ˆeV
Kgva¨g gv I wK
‡kvixe¨vw
³MZ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm
FZzKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨‡m
ev
1.FZzKvjxb m
g‡q b¨vc
wKb ev c
wi®‹vi
Kvco e¨envi
Kwi|
2.e¨eüZ Kvco mvevb
I cwi®‹vi
cvwb
w`‡q ayB
|3.e¨e
üZ Kvco †avqvi
ci †iŠ‡`ª
fv‡jvfv‡e
ïKvB|
cwi‡ek cwi”Q
bœZv
4.e¨eüZ Kvco mwVK
Dcv‡q msiÿ
Y
Kwi| 5.e¨eüZ b¨v
cwKb ev c
wiZ¨³ Kvco
wbw`©ó M
‡Z© cy‡Z ivwL|
2 gvm cÖ‡qvRb
5 Bmy
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 01mnvqK GKwU KvM‡R Z_¨eûj evK¨ wj‡L AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ whwb mnvq‡Ki Kv‡Q e‡m Av‡Qb Zvi Kv‡b Kv‡b KvM‡R †jLv evK¨wU ej‡eb †hb cv‡ki Rb ïb‡Z bv cvb| Gevi ch©vqµ‡g G‡K A‡b¨i Kv‡b Kv‡b evK¨wU ej‡eb| mevi †k‡l whwb evK¨wU ïb‡eb wZwb wK ïb‡jb Zv mK‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ ej‡eb (mnvqK wel‡qi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Ab¨ †MgI w`‡Z cv‡ib)| mnvqK Gevi wgwj‡q wb‡eb †kl AskMÖnYKvix wK ej‡jb Ges KvM‡R wK †jLv wQj| Gi ga¨ w`‡q mnvqK †hvMv‡hvM m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Ki‡eb I Kvh©Kix †hvMv‡hv‡Mi aviYv †`‡eb|
avc 02mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 3/4 Rb‡K †QvU †QvU `‡j fvM K‡i Zv‡`i cÖkœ Ki‡eb †hvMv‡hv‡M evav wK n‡Z cv‡i? `jxq fv‡e Zv‡`i DËi †eo Ki‡Z ej‡eb Ges Zv‡`i DËi¸wj †cv÷v‡i wj‡L BwZc~‡e© Kiv †Ljvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`L‡eb †Kv_vq †Kv_vq evav wQj Ges Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
avc 03G c‡e© mnvqK Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi Pievmxi ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb cÖwµqv †Kgb n‡e, AskMÖnYKvix‡`i gZvgZ hvPvB Ki‡eb Ges cwi‡k‡l mnvqK Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi Pievmxi ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb cÖwµqv Dc¯’vc‡bi ga¨ w`‡q G Awa‡ekb †kl Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbv I †Ljv
Av‡jvPbv, evR`j,
gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
Av‡jvPbv I Dc¯’vcbv
25
20 wgwbU
15 wgwbU
wgwbU gvwëwgwWqv
†cv÷vi gvK©vi gvwëwgwWqv
gvwëwgwWqv
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi aviYv (Communication)†hvMv‡hvM (Communication) kãwU j¨vwUb Kgy¨wbm (Communis) kã †_‡K D™¢zZ, hvi A_© n‡”Q mvaviY| ZvB †hvMv‡hvM ej‡Z `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³i g‡a¨ fve wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g ÒmvaviY mg‡SvZvqÓ †cuŠQv‡bv‡KB eySvq| †hvMv‡hv‡Mi welqe¯‘i Dci wfwË K‡iB †cÖiK I MÖvnK Df‡qi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM mvwaZ nq Ges cÖ_g R‡bi wbKU n‡Z wØZxq R‡bi wbKU Áv‡bi mÂvjb nq| †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ gvbyl ms‡KZ, fvlv, wPÎ, bvbv cÖKvi bKkv I f½x e¨envi K‡i _v‡K|
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi evav Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ †hvMv‡hvM GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖwµqv| G cÖwµqvwU A‡bK¸‡jv wel‡qi Dci wbf©i K‡i| GB welq¸‡jv KLbI †hvMv‡hvM‡K mnR K‡i Avevi evavMÖ¯Í Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hvMv‡hv‡Mi wewfbœ ch©v‡qi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ evav¸‡jv n‡jv:
e¨w³‡Kw›`ªK evav Ab¨vb¨ evavmg~nfvlvMZ evavmvsMVwbK evav
Ÿ`ÿZvi ch©vq
ŸAwfÁZv
ŸB‡Mv
Ÿ†kvbvi `ÿZv
ŸAv‡eM, Abyf~wZ
ŸAwek¦vm
ŸKvVv‡gvMZ evav
Ÿe¨e¯’vcbvi aiY
ŸmvsMV‡bi cwi‡ek
ŸKZ„©c‡ÿi f~wgKv
ŸmvsMVwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi aiY
ŸmnKgx©, Awab¯Í‡`i mv‡_ ØÜ
ŸAwaK Z_¨
ŸAbyc‡hvMx cwi‡ek
Ÿwelq Gi Lvivc w`K jyKv‡bv
ŸAgb‡hvMx(Dfq cÿ)
ŸAm¤ú~Y© Z_¨
ŸAmg mvs¯‹…wZ
Ÿ†RÛvi
ŸRwUj kã e¨envi
ŸKvwiMwi Ávb I kã
ŸAvÂwjK fvlvi e¨envi
ŸfvlvMZ cv_©K¨
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖwµqv/g‡Wj†hvMv‡hv‡Mi djvdj wbf©i K‡i †hvMv‡hvMKvixi ̀ ÿZv I AwfÁZv, evZ©vi aiY, wKfv‡e ev †Kvb gva¨g/c×wZ‡Z evZ©v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡”Q Ges †K ev Kviv G evZ©v MÖnY Ki‡Q Zv‡`i Dci| j¨vmI‡qj KZ…©K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi g‡WjwU wb¤œiƒc-
†K Who
†hvMv‡hvMKvixCommunicator
wK ej‡Q What
evZ©v Messages
†Kvb gva¨‡g In which
gva¨gMedia
Kv‡K ej‡QTo whom
MÖnYKvixReceiver
djvdjWith what
effect
djvdj Effect
wPÎ: †hvMv‡hv‡Mi j¨vmI‡qj g‡Wj
Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi Pievmxi ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb cÖwµqv n‡e wb¤œiƒc-
†hvMv‡hvMKvix/ evZ©v cÖ`vbKvix
evZ©v
ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’v ch©v‡q†Uªwbs Awdmvi, KwgDwbwU †W‡fjc‡g›U mycvifvBRvi, wbDwUªkb mycvifvBRvi, †nj&_ mycvifvBRvi, wf‡jR †mwfsm mycvifvBRvi, KwgDwbwU †W‡fjc‡g›U Awdmvi, wf‡jR †mwfsm Awdmvi I wbDwUªkb Awdmvi
KwgDwbwU ch©v‡qPi ̄ ^v¯’¨ Kg©x, Pi cywó Kg©x, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix Ges MÖvg Dbœqb KwgwUi (wfwWwm) m`m¨
nvZ †avqv
1. wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
2. cwiev‡ii mevB LvIqvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
3. cwiev‡ii mevB †kŠPKvh© Kivi c‡i mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
4. wkïi gj cwi®‹vi I †kŠPKvh© Kiv‡bvi c‡i mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
5. †MvqvjNi cwi®‹vi Kivi ci/KxUbvkK e¨env‡ii c‡i mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 40 41
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 01mnvqK GKwU KvM‡R Z_¨eûj evK¨ wj‡L AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ whwb mnvq‡Ki Kv‡Q e‡m Av‡Qb Zvi Kv‡b Kv‡b KvM‡R †jLv evK¨wU ej‡eb †hb cv‡ki Rb ïb‡Z bv cvb| Gevi ch©vqµ‡g G‡K A‡b¨i Kv‡b Kv‡b evK¨wU ej‡eb| mevi †k‡l whwb evK¨wU ïb‡eb wZwb wK ïb‡jb Zv mK‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ ej‡eb (mnvqK wel‡qi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Ab¨ †MgI w`‡Z cv‡ib)| mnvqK Gevi wgwj‡q wb‡eb †kl AskMÖnYKvix wK ej‡jb Ges KvM‡R wK †jLv wQj| Gi ga¨ w`‡q mnvqK †hvMv‡hvM m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Ki‡eb I Kvh©Kix †hvMv‡hv‡Mi aviYv †`‡eb|
avc 02mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 3/4 Rb‡K †QvU †QvU `‡j fvM K‡i Zv‡`i cÖkœ Ki‡eb †hvMv‡hv‡M evav wK n‡Z cv‡i? `jxq fv‡e Zv‡`i DËi †eo Ki‡Z ej‡eb Ges Zv‡`i DËi¸wj †cv÷v‡i wj‡L BwZc~‡e© Kiv †Ljvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`L‡eb †Kv_vq †Kv_vq evav wQj Ges Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
avc 03G c‡e© mnvqK Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi Pievmxi ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb cÖwµqv †Kgb n‡e, AskMÖnYKvix‡`i gZvgZ hvPvB Ki‡eb Ges cwi‡k‡l mnvqK Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi Pievmxi ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb cÖwµqv Dc¯’vc‡bi ga¨ w`‡q G Awa‡ekb †kl Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbv I †Ljv
Av‡jvPbv, evR`j,
gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
Av‡jvPbv I Dc¯’vcbv
25
20 wgwbU
15 wgwbU
wgwbU gvwëwgwWqv
†cv÷vi gvK©vi gvwëwgwWqv
gvwëwgwWqv
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi aviYv (Communication)†hvMv‡hvM (Communication) kãwU j¨vwUb Kgy¨wbm (Communis) kã †_‡K D™¢zZ, hvi A_© n‡”Q mvaviY| ZvB †hvMv‡hvM ej‡Z `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³i g‡a¨ fve wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g ÒmvaviY mg‡SvZvqÓ †cuŠQv‡bv‡KB eySvq| †hvMv‡hv‡Mi welqe¯‘i Dci wfwË K‡iB †cÖiK I MÖvnK Df‡qi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM mvwaZ nq Ges cÖ_g R‡bi wbKU n‡Z wØZxq R‡bi wbKU Áv‡bi mÂvjb nq| †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ gvbyl ms‡KZ, fvlv, wPÎ, bvbv cÖKvi bKkv I f½x e¨envi K‡i _v‡K|
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi evav Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ †hvMv‡hvM GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖwµqv| G cÖwµqvwU A‡bK¸‡jv wel‡qi Dci wbf©i K‡i| GB welq¸‡jv KLbI †hvMv‡hvM‡K mnR K‡i Avevi evavMÖ¯Í Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hvMv‡hv‡Mi wewfbœ ch©v‡qi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ evav¸‡jv n‡jv:
e¨w³‡Kw›`ªK evav Ab¨vb¨ evavmg~nfvlvMZ evavmvsMVwbK evav
Ÿ`ÿZvi ch©vq
ŸAwfÁZv
ŸB‡Mv
Ÿ†kvbvi `ÿZv
ŸAv‡eM, Abyf~wZ
ŸAwek¦vm
ŸKvVv‡gvMZ evav
Ÿe¨e¯’vcbvi aiY
ŸmvsMV‡bi cwi‡ek
ŸKZ„©c‡ÿi f~wgKv
ŸmvsMVwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi aiY
ŸmnKgx©, Awab¯Í‡`i mv‡_ ØÜ
ŸAwaK Z_¨
ŸAbyc‡hvMx cwi‡ek
Ÿwelq Gi Lvivc w`K jyKv‡bv
ŸAgb‡hvMx(Dfq cÿ)
ŸAm¤ú~Y© Z_¨
ŸAmg mvs¯‹…wZ
Ÿ†RÛvi
ŸRwUj kã e¨envi
ŸKvwiMwi Ávb I kã
ŸAvÂwjK fvlvi e¨envi
ŸfvlvMZ cv_©K¨
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖwµqv/g‡Wj†hvMv‡hv‡Mi djvdj wbf©i K‡i †hvMv‡hvMKvixi ̀ ÿZv I AwfÁZv, evZ©vi aiY, wKfv‡e ev †Kvb gva¨g/c×wZ‡Z evZ©v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡”Q Ges †K ev Kviv G evZ©v MÖnY Ki‡Q Zv‡`i Dci| j¨vmI‡qj KZ…©K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi g‡WjwU wb¤œiƒc-
†K Who
†hvMv‡hvMKvixCommunicator
wK ej‡Q What
evZ©v Messages
†Kvb gva¨‡g In which
gva¨gMedia
Kv‡K ej‡QTo whom
MÖnYKvixReceiver
djvdjWith what
effect
djvdj Effect
wPÎ: †hvMv‡hv‡Mi j¨vmI‡qj g‡Wj
Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi Pievmxi ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb cÖwµqv n‡e wb¤œiƒc-
†hvMv‡hvMKvix/ evZ©v cÖ`vbKvix
evZ©v
ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’v ch©v‡q†Uªwbs Awdmvi, KwgDwbwU †W‡fjc‡g›U mycvifvBRvi, wbDwUªkb mycvifvBRvi, †nj&_ mycvifvBRvi, wf‡jR †mwfsm mycvifvBRvi, KwgDwbwU †W‡fjc‡g›U Awdmvi, wf‡jR †mwfsm Awdmvi I wbDwUªkb Awdmvi
KwgDwbwU ch©v‡qPi ̄ ^v¯’¨ Kg©x, Pi cywó Kg©x, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix Ges MÖvg Dbœqb KwgwUi (wfwWwm) m`m¨
nvZ †avqv
1. wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
2. cwiev‡ii mevB LvIqvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
3. cwiev‡ii mevB †kŠPKvh© Kivi c‡i mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
4. wkïi gj cwi®‹vi I †kŠPKvh© Kiv‡bvi c‡i mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
5. †MvqvjNi cwi®‹vi Kivi ci/KxUbvkK e¨env‡ii c‡i mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 40 41
gva¨g
c×wZ/†KŠkj
DcKiY
evZ©v MÖnYKvix
djvdj
m¨vwb‡Ukb
1. cwiev‡ii mevB ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi Kwi
2. m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q w`‡q cvqLvbv e¨envi Kwi
3. cvqLvbv e¨env‡ii ci wbqwgZ Zv cwi®‹vi I iÿYv‡eÿY Kwi
wbivc` cvwb
1. Lvevi cvwbi Drm wbivc` ivwL
2. cvwb fivi Av‡M Kjm/cv‡Îi wfZi-evwni fv‡jvfv‡e †g‡S ay‡q †bB
3. cvwb en‡bi mgq XvKbv w`‡q †X‡K Avwb
4. cvwbi cvÎ/Kjm DuPz ̄ ’v‡b †X‡K ivwL
5. wbivc` Dcv‡q cvwb cvb Kwi
e¨w³MZ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm
FZzKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm
1. b¨vcwKb/ cwi®‹vi Kvco e¨envi Kwi
2. e¨eüZ Kvco mvevb w`‡q ayB I †iŠ‡`ª ïKvB
3. mwVK Dcv‡q Kvco msiÿY Kwi
e¨w³MZ cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZv
1. cwiev‡ii mK‡j iv‡Z Nygv‡Z hvIqvi Av‡M I mKv‡j LvIqvi ci ̀ uvZ eªvk Kwi
2. cwiev‡ii mK‡j wbqwgZ bL KvwU
cwi‡ekMZ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm
1. evwoi Pvicvk I †MvqvjNi cwi®‹vi ivwL
2. cvwievwiK AveR©bv K‡¤úv÷ M‡Z© ivwL
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x Ges gv I wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix ̀ j, msMxZ ̀ j, wfwWwm m`m¨
DVvb ̂ eVK, †jvK msMxZ, MY mgv‡ek I cÖ`k©bx I †Mgm
cU, d¬vk KvW©. w÷Kvi, †jvK msMxZ w¯ŒÞ I kc_ †evW©, mvevb I cvwb
Kg© GjvKvi cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨, wfwWwm I ag©xq †bZvMY
cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨ ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi K‡i, wbivc` cvwb cvb K‡i, mwVK wbq‡g nvZ †avq Ges e¨w³MZ ̄ ^v¯’¨ cwiPP©v K‡i I cwi‡ekMZ cwi”QbœZvi Dbœqb n‡q‡Q|
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : mvgvwRK RvMiY
Dc-welq : mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi aviYv
mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi †ÿÎ I Bmy
mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi †KŠkj
D‡Ïk¨ : mvgvwRK RvMiY I Gi Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi †ÿÎ I Bmy m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb, Kg©‡ÿ‡Î Zv ev¯Íevqb Kivi `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡eb
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, †QvU ̀ ‡j KvR, f~wgKvwfbq, cÖkœ-DËi, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
DcKiY : †KBm ÷¨vwW, wfc KvW©, AvU© jvBb gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
mgq : 1 NÈv
Awa‡ekb : 07
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 42
gva¨g
c×wZ/†KŠkj
DcKiY
evZ©v MÖnYKvix
djvdj
m¨vwb‡Ukb
1. cwiev‡ii mevB ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi Kwi
2. m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q w`‡q cvqLvbv e¨envi Kwi
3. cvqLvbv e¨env‡ii ci wbqwgZ Zv cwi®‹vi I iÿYv‡eÿY Kwi
wbivc` cvwb
1. Lvevi cvwbi Drm wbivc` ivwL
2. cvwb fivi Av‡M Kjm/cv‡Îi wfZi-evwni fv‡jvfv‡e †g‡S ay‡q †bB
3. cvwb en‡bi mgq XvKbv w`‡q †X‡K Avwb
4. cvwbi cvÎ/Kjm DuPz ̄ ’v‡b †X‡K ivwL
5. wbivc` Dcv‡q cvwb cvb Kwi
e¨w³MZ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm
FZzKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm
1. b¨vcwKb/ cwi®‹vi Kvco e¨envi Kwi
2. e¨eüZ Kvco mvevb w`‡q ayB I †iŠ‡`ª ïKvB
3. mwVK Dcv‡q Kvco msiÿY Kwi
e¨w³MZ cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZv
1. cwiev‡ii mK‡j iv‡Z Nygv‡Z hvIqvi Av‡M I mKv‡j LvIqvi ci ̀ uvZ eªvk Kwi
2. cwiev‡ii mK‡j wbqwgZ bL KvwU
cwi‡ekMZ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm
1. evwoi Pvicvk I †MvqvjNi cwi®‹vi ivwL
2. cvwievwiK AveR©bv K‡¤úv÷ M‡Z© ivwL
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x Ges gv I wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix ̀ j, msMxZ ̀ j, wfwWwm m`m¨
DVvb ̂ eVK, †jvK msMxZ, MY mgv‡ek I cÖ`k©bx I †Mgm
cU, d¬vk KvW©. w÷Kvi, †jvK msMxZ w¯ŒÞ I kc_ †evW©, mvevb I cvwb
Kg© GjvKvi cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨, wfwWwm I ag©xq †bZvMY
cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨ ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi K‡i, wbivc` cvwb cvb K‡i, mwVK wbq‡g nvZ †avq Ges e¨w³MZ ̄ ^v¯’¨ cwiPP©v K‡i I cwi‡ekMZ cwi”QbœZvi Dbœqb n‡q‡Q|
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : mvgvwRK RvMiY
Dc-welq : mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi aviYv
mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi †ÿÎ I Bmy
mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi †KŠkj
D‡Ïk¨ : mvgvwRK RvMiY I Gi Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi †ÿÎ I Bmy m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb, Kg©‡ÿ‡Î Zv ev¯Íevqb Kivi `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡eb
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, †QvU ̀ ‡j KvR, f~wgKvwfbq, cÖkœ-DËi, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
DcKiY : †KBm ÷¨vwW, wfc KvW©, AvU© jvBb gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
mgq : 1 NÈv
Awa‡ekb : 07
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 42
mvgvwRK RvMiY (Social Mobilization)mvgvwRK RvMiY Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv, †hLv‡b GK`j gvbyl mgvb myweav †fvM Kivi Rb¨ †f`v‡f` fy‡j wM‡q GKwU AskMÖnYg~jK wmØvšÍ MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g mn‡hvwMZvi cwi‡e‡k m„wó K‡i| Ab¨fv‡e †`Lv hvq †h, GwU Ggb †hLv‡b Rb‡Mvôx Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Bmy wbe©vPb Ki‡e Ges Zv ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z KwgDwbwUi m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbvi †ÿÎ ˆZwi Ki‡e, hv Rb‡Mvôxi RxebhvÎvq BwZewPK cwieZ©b Av‡b|
Rb‡Mvôxi RvMi‡Yi gva¨‡g ‡Kvb cÖ‡qvRbxq Bmyi ev¯Íevqb I Zvi mvwe©K djvdj Kvh©Kifv‡e RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bv hvq hv ̀ xN©¯’vqx nq I RbM‡Yi Dbœqb Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i|
mvgvwRK RvMiY n‡jv GKwU cÖwµqv hv †Kvb Kj¨vYKi Kg©m~Px m¤ú‡K© RbM‡Yi m‡PZbZv I Pvwn`v m„wó K‡i Ges AwZ Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ RbM‡Yi mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g Kg©m~Px‡K ̄ ’vqxZ¡kxj K‡i †Zv‡j|
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 01mnvqK mKj AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 3wU `‡j fvM K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K 1wU K‡i mgm¨vcÎ w`‡q mgvavb †ei K‡i Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ej‡eb| Gev‡i mnvqK mgm¨vcÎ I mgvav‡bi Av‡jv‡K †gvwejvB‡Rkb/mvgvwRK RvMiY I Bmy m¤ú‡©K Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
avc 02mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi cÖPvig~jK Kvh©µgmg~n Kx Kx Zv mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cÖkœ Ki‡eb| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i DËi †_‡K cÖavb 3wU Kvh©µg evQvB K‡i 3wU `‡j fvM K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K evQvBK…Z KvR‡K f~wgKvwfbq K‡i †`Lv‡Z ej‡eb| Gici mnvqK Gi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi †KŠkj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbv †QvU `‡j KvR
Av‡jvPbv I f~wgKvwfbq
15
45 wgwbU
wgwbU gvwëwgwWqv
wfc KvW© I gvwëwgwWqv
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv
mgv‡Ri mKj Rb‡Mvôxi Pvwn`v m„wó
mK‡ji AskMÖnY
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 44 45
Rb‡Mvôxi RvMi‡Yi †KŠkjmg~n
ŸKwgDwbwU mfv;
ŸDVvb ‰eVK
ŸwK‡kvi wK‡kvix‡`i mv‡_ ̂ eVK;
ŸPv‡qi †`vKv‡b Av‡jvPbv
ŸLvbv cwi`k©b
Ÿ†QvU ̀ ‡j Av‡jvPbv
Ÿag©xq †bZv‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv
ŸwfwWI cÖ`k©b
Ÿi¨vwj, mfv, cÖPvivwfhvb BZ¨vw`|
cÖPviYvg~jK Kvh©µggvBwKs, †cv÷vwis, wjd‡jU I w÷Kvi weZiY, i¨vwj, cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK †Ljv, cvewjK wgwUs, mvs¯‹…wZK Kvh©µg-MY bvUK, Rvix, †dvK Mvb, Z_¨ wfwËK PjwPÎ cÖ`k©bx, IqvUmvb w`em, m¨vwb‡Ukb gvm Drhvcb, wU ÷j †mkb, ag©xq †bZv‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv, nv‡U †Xvj †cUv‡bv BZ¨vw`|
eD evRvi MÖv‡g 500 Lvbvi 2000 †jvK evm K‡i Ges Zv‡`i Kv‡iv LvIqvi c~‡e© Ges cvqLvbv e¨env‡ii ci mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqvi Af¨vm bvB| GB cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †_‡K GKwU †emiKvix ms¯’v H GjvKvq kZ© mv‡c‡ÿ 3wU K‡i wd« mvevb †`qvi e¨e¯’v Kij| kZ© n‡jv LvIqvi c~‡e© Ges cvqLvbv e¨env‡ii ci mvevb w`‡q nvZ ay‡Z n‡e|
eD evRvi MÖv‡gi RbMY Lye Lykx| 3 gvm c‡i †`Lv †Mj †ekxifvM RbMY GLb LvIqvi c~‡e© Ges cvqLvbv e¨env‡ii ci mvevb w`‡q nvZ cwi®‹vi Ki‡Q| G Ae¯’vq RbM‡Yi Af¨vm cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q †f‡e wd« mvevb †`qv eÜ K‡i w`j|
cieZ©x 3 gvm ci Avevi Rixc K‡i †`Lv †Mj †ekxi fvM gvbylB Avi mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avq bv|
cÖkœ
1. eD evRvi MÖv‡gi RbM‡Yi †Kb mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqvi Af¨vm n‡jv bv?
2. gvby‡li Af¨vm cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ wK cÖ‡qvRb?
Av‡jvPbv: KviY Qvov gvbyl †Kvb KvR K‡i bv Ges fvj Af¨vm ˆZwi nq bv| ZvrÿwYKfv‡e †Kvb k‡Z©i Kvi‡Y wKQz Ki‡j Zv ̄ ’vqx nq bv| gvby‡li †h †Kvb Af¨vm cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡K cÖ_‡g eZ©gvb Af¨vmwUi Kzdj/ÿwZ m¤ú‡K© Rvbv `iKvi| Kzdj/ÿwZ Rvbvi ci Af¨vm cwieZ©‡bi Pvwn`v m„wó nq| Pvwn`v m„wó n‡j A_©vr wK Ki‡j mydj n‡e Zv eyS‡Z cvi‡j gvbyl †mB KvRwU Kivi †Póv K‡i Ges Ae¨vnZ iv‡L|
†KBm ÷vwW
mg¨mv-1
mvgvwRK RvMiY (Social Mobilization)mvgvwRK RvMiY Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv, †hLv‡b GK`j gvbyl mgvb myweav †fvM Kivi Rb¨ †f`v‡f` fy‡j wM‡q GKwU AskMÖnYg~jK wmØvšÍ MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g mn‡hvwMZvi cwi‡e‡k m„wó K‡i| Ab¨fv‡e †`Lv hvq †h, GwU Ggb †hLv‡b Rb‡Mvôx Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Bmy wbe©vPb Ki‡e Ges Zv ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z KwgDwbwUi m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbvi †ÿÎ ˆZwi Ki‡e, hv Rb‡Mvôxi RxebhvÎvq BwZewPK cwieZ©b Av‡b|
Rb‡Mvôxi RvMi‡Yi gva¨‡g ‡Kvb cÖ‡qvRbxq Bmyi ev¯Íevqb I Zvi mvwe©K djvdj Kvh©Kifv‡e RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bv hvq hv ̀ xN©¯’vqx nq I RbM‡Yi Dbœqb Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i|
mvgvwRK RvMiY n‡jv GKwU cÖwµqv hv †Kvb Kj¨vYKi Kg©m~Px m¤ú‡K© RbM‡Yi m‡PZbZv I Pvwn`v m„wó K‡i Ges AwZ Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ RbM‡Yi mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g Kg©m~Px‡K ̄ ’vqxZ¡kxj K‡i †Zv‡j|
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 01mnvqK mKj AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 3wU `‡j fvM K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K 1wU K‡i mgm¨vcÎ w`‡q mgvavb †ei K‡i Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ej‡eb| Gev‡i mnvqK mgm¨vcÎ I mgvav‡bi Av‡jv‡K †gvwejvB‡Rkb/mvgvwRK RvMiY I Bmy m¤ú‡©K Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
avc 02mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi cÖPvig~jK Kvh©µgmg~n Kx Kx Zv mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cÖkœ Ki‡eb| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i DËi †_‡K cÖavb 3wU Kvh©µg evQvB K‡i 3wU `‡j fvM K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K evQvBK…Z KvR‡K f~wgKvwfbq K‡i †`Lv‡Z ej‡eb| Gici mnvqK Gi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi †KŠkj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbv †QvU `‡j KvR
Av‡jvPbv I f~wgKvwfbq
15
45 wgwbU
wgwbU gvwëwgwWqv
wfc KvW© I gvwëwgwWqv
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv
mgv‡Ri mKj Rb‡Mvôxi Pvwn`v m„wó
mK‡ji AskMÖnY
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 44 45
Rb‡Mvôxi RvMi‡Yi †KŠkjmg~n
ŸKwgDwbwU mfv;
ŸDVvb ‰eVK
ŸwK‡kvi wK‡kvix‡`i mv‡_ ̂ eVK;
ŸPv‡qi †`vKv‡b Av‡jvPbv
ŸLvbv cwi`k©b
Ÿ†QvU ̀ ‡j Av‡jvPbv
Ÿag©xq †bZv‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv
ŸwfwWI cÖ`k©b
Ÿi¨vwj, mfv, cÖPvivwfhvb BZ¨vw`|
cÖPviYvg~jK Kvh©µggvBwKs, †cv÷vwis, wjd‡jU I w÷Kvi weZiY, i¨vwj, cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK †Ljv, cvewjK wgwUs, mvs¯‹…wZK Kvh©µg-MY bvUK, Rvix, †dvK Mvb, Z_¨ wfwËK PjwPÎ cÖ`k©bx, IqvUmvb w`em, m¨vwb‡Ukb gvm Drhvcb, wU ÷j †mkb, ag©xq †bZv‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv, nv‡U †Xvj †cUv‡bv BZ¨vw`|
eD evRvi MÖv‡g 500 Lvbvi 2000 †jvK evm K‡i Ges Zv‡`i Kv‡iv LvIqvi c~‡e© Ges cvqLvbv e¨env‡ii ci mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqvi Af¨vm bvB| GB cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †_‡K GKwU †emiKvix ms¯’v H GjvKvq kZ© mv‡c‡ÿ 3wU K‡i wd« mvevb †`qvi e¨e¯’v Kij| kZ© n‡jv LvIqvi c~‡e© Ges cvqLvbv e¨env‡ii ci mvevb w`‡q nvZ ay‡Z n‡e|
eD evRvi MÖv‡gi RbMY Lye Lykx| 3 gvm c‡i †`Lv †Mj †ekxifvM RbMY GLb LvIqvi c~‡e© Ges cvqLvbv e¨env‡ii ci mvevb w`‡q nvZ cwi®‹vi Ki‡Q| G Ae¯’vq RbM‡Yi Af¨vm cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q †f‡e wd« mvevb †`qv eÜ K‡i w`j|
cieZ©x 3 gvm ci Avevi Rixc K‡i †`Lv †Mj †ekxi fvM gvbylB Avi mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avq bv|
cÖkœ
1. eD evRvi MÖv‡gi RbM‡Yi †Kb mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqvi Af¨vm n‡jv bv?
2. gvby‡li Af¨vm cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ wK cÖ‡qvRb?
Av‡jvPbv: KviY Qvov gvbyl †Kvb KvR K‡i bv Ges fvj Af¨vm ˆZwi nq bv| ZvrÿwYKfv‡e †Kvb k‡Z©i Kvi‡Y wKQz Ki‡j Zv ̄ ’vqx nq bv| gvby‡li †h †Kvb Af¨vm cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡K cÖ_‡g eZ©gvb Af¨vmwUi Kzdj/ÿwZ m¤ú‡K© Rvbv `iKvi| Kzdj/ÿwZ Rvbvi ci Af¨vm cwieZ©‡bi Pvwn`v m„wó nq| Pvwn`v m„wó n‡j A_©vr wK Ki‡j mydj n‡e Zv eyS‡Z cvi‡j gvbyl †mB KvRwU Kivi †Póv K‡i Ges Ae¨vnZ iv‡L|
†KBm ÷vwW
mg¨mv-1
mg¨mv-2
mg¨mv-3
mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi †ÿÎ I Bmy
mvgvwRK RvMiY †KŠkj I †ÿÎ
eD evRvi MÖv‡g 500 Lvbvi 2000 RbMY evm K‡i Ges GB MÖv‡g †Kvb ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv †bB| †emiKvix ms¯’vi `vwqZ¡ cÖvß Kg©x iwdK mv‡ne H MÖv‡g wbqwgZ hvb Ges RbM†K †evSv‡bvi KvR ïiæ K‡ib| Rbve iwdK Zvi Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡Ri cvkvcvwk M‡o cÖwZw`b 4 Rb gvby‡li mv‡_ G wb‡q Avjvc K‡ib| Gi g‡a¨ 2 Rb Zvi K_v m¤ú~Y© g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †kv‡bb, 2 Rb Zv‡K cvËv †`b bv| 2 R‡bi g‡a¨ GKRb cvqLvbv ̄ ’vc‡b AvMÖnx nb Ges Ab¨Rb Zvi K_v †ev‡Sb bv|
1. Gfv‡e KvR Pj‡j 2000 RbMY‡K †evSv‡Z iwdK mv‡n‡ei KZw`b mgq jvM‡e Ges Gi djvdj wK n‡e?
2. 500 Lvbvi 2000 RbMY‡K Kg mg‡q †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ wK Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i?
Av‡jvPbv: M‡o iwdK mv‡n‡ei cÖvq 55 eQi mgq jvM‡e| wZwb KvR Ki‡Z RbmsL¨v Av‡iv †e‡o hv‡e Ges ZviI eqm evo‡e cÖKí _vK‡e bv| Avevi bZzb cÖKí Avm‡e, bZzb †jvK Avm‡e ZZw`‡b Ae¯’v Av‡iv Lvivc n‡e| Gi Rb¨ weKí wK n‡Z cv‡i Zvi Rb¨ wPšÍv Ki‡Z n‡e|
eD evRvi MÖv‡g 500 Lvbvi g‡a¨ 220wU cwievi nZ `wi`ª| Zviv Rv‡b Zv‡`i wbivc` cvwb cvb Kiv GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb wKš‘ Zv‡`i cvwbi wbivc` Drm ch©vß bvB| d‡j cÖvqB GmKj cwiev‡ii †jvKRb bvbv ai‡Yi AmyL-wemyL †hgb- Avgvkq, WvBwiqv, RwÛm BZ¨vw` †iv‡M †fv‡M| GgZve¯’vq MÖv‡gi Ab¨vb¨ mevB wm×všÍ wbj Zv‡`i cvwbi wbivc` Drm ¯’vcb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| wKš‘ wKfv‡e Zviv wbivc` cvwb cv‡e Zv Zv‡`i Rvbv bvB| wbivc` cvwb ch©vß Kivi Rb¨ Zviv miKvi Ges †emiKvix ms¯’vi mvnvh¨ PvBj wKš‘ †KB Zv‡`i mvnvh¨ Ki‡jv bv| d‡j Zviv nZvk n‡q nvj †Q‡o w`j|
1. wKfv‡e wbivc` cvwb ch©vß Kiv hv‡e?
2. mgm¨vwU wKfv‡e mvgvwRK mgm¨vq iƒc †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i?
Av‡jvPbv: mgm¨vwU Avm‡j 220wU cwiev‡ii bq mgm¨vwU eD evRvi MÖv‡gi| hZÿY bv GUv mvgvwRK mgm¨v wnmv‡e mevB eyS‡Z cvi‡e ZZÿY mK‡j wg‡j mgvav‡bi †Póv Ki‡e bv| wbivc` cvwb BmywU mvgvwRK mgm¨v wnmv‡e mwVKfv‡e wfwWwm Ges BDwbqb cwil` ch©v‡q †cuŠQv‡bv †M‡j mgvavb m¤¢e|
1. nvZ †avqv
2. wbivc` cvwb
3. m¨vwb‡Ukb
4. e¨w³MZ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm- FZzKvjxb ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm I cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv
5. cwi‡ekMZ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm
mvgvwRK RvMiY g~jZ mvgvwRK Av‡›`vj‡bi djvdj| Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi Rb‡Mvôxi ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z AvPiY cÖmvi I cwieZ©b P‡ii m‡e©v¯Í‡ii gvby‡li AskMÖnY I Zv‡`i mvgvwRK wbqg-Kvby‡bi (Social Norms) mv‡_ m¤ú„³| we‡kl K‡i wewfbœ mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb; †hgb- gmwR`, gw›`i, we`¨vjq, K¬ve I mvgvwRK MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³e‡M©i f~wgKv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| evsjv‡`‡ki †cÿvc‡U mvgvwRK †h †Kvb cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ ag©xq Abyf~wZi GKwU m¤úK© i‡q‡Q Ges gvbyl agx©q AbykvmbUv‡K Lyi ̀ ªæZ MÖnY K‡i _v‡K|
myZivs Pi GjvKvi ¯^v¯’¨vm¤§Z AvPiY cÖmvi I cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ †mLvbKvi wewfbœ agxq I mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i GKwU mvgvwRK Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g Pi KwgDwbwUi ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cwieZ©b Kiv hvq|
KwgDwbwU ch©v‡q mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi †KŠkj¯’vbxq GjvKvq ev Pi GjvKvq ̄ ^v¯’¨ Dbœqb welqK RbgZ MV‡bi Rb¨ MY mgv‡ek we‡kl K‡i ̄ ’vbxq wgwWqv I mvgwRK cÖwZôvb‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z n‡e| MY RvMiYg~jK Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g RbgZ MVb Kiv Ges RbgZ MwVZ Kivi ga¨ w`‡q mvgvwRK cwieZ©b Z_v ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb n‡e|
¯’vbxq wgwWqv
MY mgv‡ek
i¨vwj
RbgZ MVbKwgDwbwU wgwUs
mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb†dvK Mvb
mvgvwRK cwieZ©bI ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 46 47
mg¨mv-2
mg¨mv-3
mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi †ÿÎ I Bmy
mvgvwRK RvMiY †KŠkj I †ÿÎ
eD evRvi MÖv‡g 500 Lvbvi 2000 RbMY evm K‡i Ges GB MÖv‡g †Kvb ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv †bB| †emiKvix ms¯’vi `vwqZ¡ cÖvß Kg©x iwdK mv‡ne H MÖv‡g wbqwgZ hvb Ges RbM†K †evSv‡bvi KvR ïiæ K‡ib| Rbve iwdK Zvi Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡Ri cvkvcvwk M‡o cÖwZw`b 4 Rb gvby‡li mv‡_ G wb‡q Avjvc K‡ib| Gi g‡a¨ 2 Rb Zvi K_v m¤ú~Y© g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †kv‡bb, 2 Rb Zv‡K cvËv †`b bv| 2 R‡bi g‡a¨ GKRb cvqLvbv ̄ ’vc‡b AvMÖnx nb Ges Ab¨Rb Zvi K_v †ev‡Sb bv|
1. Gfv‡e KvR Pj‡j 2000 RbMY‡K †evSv‡Z iwdK mv‡n‡ei KZw`b mgq jvM‡e Ges Gi djvdj wK n‡e?
2. 500 Lvbvi 2000 RbMY‡K Kg mg‡q †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ wK Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i?
Av‡jvPbv: M‡o iwdK mv‡n‡ei cÖvq 55 eQi mgq jvM‡e| wZwb KvR Ki‡Z RbmsL¨v Av‡iv †e‡o hv‡e Ges ZviI eqm evo‡e cÖKí _vK‡e bv| Avevi bZzb cÖKí Avm‡e, bZzb †jvK Avm‡e ZZw`‡b Ae¯’v Av‡iv Lvivc n‡e| Gi Rb¨ weKí wK n‡Z cv‡i Zvi Rb¨ wPšÍv Ki‡Z n‡e|
eD evRvi MÖv‡g 500 Lvbvi g‡a¨ 220wU cwievi nZ `wi`ª| Zviv Rv‡b Zv‡`i wbivc` cvwb cvb Kiv GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb wKš‘ Zv‡`i cvwbi wbivc` Drm ch©vß bvB| d‡j cÖvqB GmKj cwiev‡ii †jvKRb bvbv ai‡Yi AmyL-wemyL †hgb- Avgvkq, WvBwiqv, RwÛm BZ¨vw` †iv‡M †fv‡M| GgZve¯’vq MÖv‡gi Ab¨vb¨ mevB wm×všÍ wbj Zv‡`i cvwbi wbivc` Drm ¯’vcb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| wKš‘ wKfv‡e Zviv wbivc` cvwb cv‡e Zv Zv‡`i Rvbv bvB| wbivc` cvwb ch©vß Kivi Rb¨ Zviv miKvi Ges †emiKvix ms¯’vi mvnvh¨ PvBj wKš‘ †KB Zv‡`i mvnvh¨ Ki‡jv bv| d‡j Zviv nZvk n‡q nvj †Q‡o w`j|
1. wKfv‡e wbivc` cvwb ch©vß Kiv hv‡e?
2. mgm¨vwU wKfv‡e mvgvwRK mgm¨vq iƒc †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i?
Av‡jvPbv: mgm¨vwU Avm‡j 220wU cwiev‡ii bq mgm¨vwU eD evRvi MÖv‡gi| hZÿY bv GUv mvgvwRK mgm¨v wnmv‡e mevB eyS‡Z cvi‡e ZZÿY mK‡j wg‡j mgvav‡bi †Póv Ki‡e bv| wbivc` cvwb BmywU mvgvwRK mgm¨v wnmv‡e mwVKfv‡e wfwWwm Ges BDwbqb cwil` ch©v‡q †cuŠQv‡bv †M‡j mgvavb m¤¢e|
1. nvZ †avqv
2. wbivc` cvwb
3. m¨vwb‡Ukb
4. e¨w³MZ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm- FZzKvjxb ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm I cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv
5. cwi‡ekMZ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm
mvgvwRK RvMiY g~jZ mvgvwRK Av‡›`vj‡bi djvdj| Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Pxi Rb‡Mvôxi ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z AvPiY cÖmvi I cwieZ©b P‡ii m‡e©v¯Í‡ii gvby‡li AskMÖnY I Zv‡`i mvgvwRK wbqg-Kvby‡bi (Social Norms) mv‡_ m¤ú„³| we‡kl K‡i wewfbœ mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb; †hgb- gmwR`, gw›`i, we`¨vjq, K¬ve I mvgvwRK MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³e‡M©i f~wgKv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| evsjv‡`‡ki †cÿvc‡U mvgvwRK †h †Kvb cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ ag©xq Abyf~wZi GKwU m¤úK© i‡q‡Q Ges gvbyl agx©q AbykvmbUv‡K Lyi ̀ ªæZ MÖnY K‡i _v‡K|
myZivs Pi GjvKvi ¯^v¯’¨vm¤§Z AvPiY cÖmvi I cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ †mLvbKvi wewfbœ agxq I mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i GKwU mvgvwRK Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g Pi KwgDwbwUi ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cwieZ©b Kiv hvq|
KwgDwbwU ch©v‡q mvgvwRK RvMi‡Yi †KŠkj¯’vbxq GjvKvq ev Pi GjvKvq ̄ ^v¯’¨ Dbœqb welqK RbgZ MV‡bi Rb¨ MY mgv‡ek we‡kl K‡i ̄ ’vbxq wgwWqv I mvgwRK cÖwZôvb‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z n‡e| MY RvMiYg~jK Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g RbgZ MVb Kiv Ges RbgZ MwVZ Kivi ga¨ w`‡q mvgvwRK cwieZ©b Z_v ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb n‡e|
¯’vbxq wgwWqv
MY mgv‡ek
i¨vwj
RbgZ MVbKwgDwbwU wgwUs
mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb†dvK Mvb
mvgvwRK cwieZ©bI ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 46 47
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : mnvqZvKiY (Facilitation)
Dcwelq : mnvqZvKi‡Yi aviYv
mnvq‡Ki ̂ ewkó¨ Ges ̀ ÿZv
mnvq‡Ki Gi f~wgKv
mnvqZvKi‡Yi †ÿÎ
D‡Ïk¨ : mnvqZvKiY I mnvqK m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
mnvq‡Ki `ÿZv, f‚wgKv I ˆewkó¨, m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
mnvqZvKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, cÖwµqv I †ÿÎmg~n m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb, e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, †ivj‡cø, cÖkœ-DËi, †QvU `‡j Av‡jvPbv, wfc cÖ`k©b, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
DcKiY : wfc KvW©, AvU© jvBb, gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
mgq : 1 NÈv
Awa‡ekb : 08
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : mnvqZvKiY (Facilitation)
Dcwelq : mnvqZvKi‡Yi aviYv
mnvq‡Ki ̂ ewkó¨ Ges ̀ ÿZv
mnvq‡Ki Gi f~wgKv
mnvqZvKi‡Yi †ÿÎ
D‡Ïk¨ : mnvqZvKiY I mnvqK m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
mnvq‡Ki `ÿZv, f‚wgKv I ˆewkó¨, m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
mnvqZvKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, cÖwµqv I †ÿÎmg~n m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb, e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, †ivj‡cø, cÖkœ-DËi, †QvU `‡j Av‡jvPbv, wfc cÖ`k©b, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
DcKiY : wfc KvW©, AvU© jvBb, gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
mgq : 1 NÈv
Awa‡ekb : 08
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 01mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ga¨ †_‡K c~‡e©B 2 Rb‡K wVK K‡i ivL‡eb hvi GKRb †ivj‡cø K‡i MZvbyMwZK †mkb Ki‡eb Ab¨Rb mnvq‡Ki `ÿZv, f~wgKv I ˆewkó¨mg~n †g‡b Avi GKwU †mkb Ki‡eb| Df‡qi †mk‡bi aiY a‡i mnvqK mnvqZvKi‡Yi aviYv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
avc 02mnvqK c~‡e©i Av‡jvPbvi m~Î a‡i mnvq‡Ki `ÿZv, f~wgKv I ˆewkó¨ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| Kv‡iv †Kvb cÖkœ Av‡Q wKbv Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb, _vK‡j Zvi DËi †`‡eb|
avc 03mnvqK G c‡e© mKj AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 3Rb K‡i G‡KKwU `‡j fvM K‡i cÖ‡ÎK `j‡K 3wU K‡i wfc KvW© w`‡q mnvqZvKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, cÖwµqv I †ÿÎ wjL‡Z ej‡eb Ges mnvqK c~‡e© 3wU †cv÷vi cvkvcvwk mvwR‡q ivL‡eb hvi Dc‡i mnvqZvKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, mnvqZvKi‡Yi cÖwµqv I †ÿÎ †jLv _vK‡e AskMÖnYKvixMY †mB Abyhvqx wfc KvW© jvwM‡q †`‡eb|
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ga¨ †_‡K G‡KK Rb G‡KKwU †cv÷v‡ii †jLv¸wj c‡o †kvbv‡eb|
G c‡e© mnvqK D‡jøwLZ †cv÷v‡ii c‡q›U¸wj wb‡q mnvqZvKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, cÖwµqv, †ÿÎ I D‡jøL‡hvM¨ w`K wb‡q gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©‡bi gva¨‡g Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| Kv‡iv Avi †Kvb wKQz Rvbvi bv _vK‡j ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbv, †ivj‡cø
Av‡jvPbv gvwëwgwWqv
cÖ`k©b
Av‡jvPbv, †QvU `‡j Av‡jvPbv,
wfc cÖ`k©b
20
15 wgwbU
25 wgwbU
wgwbU gvwëwgwWqv
gvwëwgwWqv
wfcKvW©, gvwëwgwWqv
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv mnvq‡Ki ̀ ÿZv
ŸmnRfv‡e Dc¯’vcb
Ÿ†hvMv‡hvM ̄ ’vcb
ŸmevB‡K mnR K‡i †bqv I g~j¨vqb
ŸAskMÖn‡Y DrmvwnZKiY
ŸØ× bv nIhvi †KŠkj †bqv Ges n‡j Zv †gUv‡bv
Ÿ†kvbv, †`Lv Ges cÖkœ
ŸMvBW
Ÿ¸bMZ Av‡jvPbv
Ÿdjvdj wba©viY
d¨vwmwj‡UuUiGKRb mnvqK †h KvR¸‡jv K‡i _v‡Kb, Zv n‡jv:
Ÿwelq‡K mnR K‡i
Ÿ`j/wUg‡K mnvqZv K‡i
ŸAwR©Z mvdj¨ mK‡ji mv‡_ †kqvi K‡i
Ÿ`ÿZvi mv‡_ c×wZ e¨envi K‡i
ŸRbM‡Yi mv‡_ KvR Kivi Rb¨ me †_‡K fvj Dcvq †ei K‡i
ŸwK fv‡e/cÖwµqv Kiv n‡e Zvi Dcvq †ei K‡i
mnvq‡Ki f~wgKv
mKj fv‡jv AwfÁZv, my‡hvM Kv‡R jvMv‡bv m¤¢ve¨ evav/`ye©jZv/Lvivc‡K `~‡i ivLv
mggbv/HK¨ g‡bvfvevcbœ wUg
Af~Zc~e© mvdj¨
+ -
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 50 51
mnvqZvKiY (Facilitation)mnvqZvKiY n‡”Q Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv †hLv‡b mnvqK jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ e¨w³, `j I cÖwZôvb‡K mnvqZv K‡i| mnvqK‡K Aek¨B welq m¤ú‡K© ̀ ÿZv, AwfÁZv, we‡kl Ávb _vK‡Z nq| wZwb Zvi Ávb, ̀ ÿZv I AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K KvR‡K mnR K‡i, Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡b mwVK I djcÖm~ w`K wb‡`k©bv cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡Kb|
myZivs mnvqZvKiY Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hv cÖZ¨vwkZ D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb e¨w³, ̀ j I cÖwZôvb‡K Ggbfv‡e w`K wb‡`k©bv cÖ`vb Kiv hv‡Z K‡i e¨w³, `j I cÖwZôv‡bi `ÿZv I AwfÁZv jv‡fi gva¨‡g welq wfwËK Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cv‡i, ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges gwbUwis Kivi gva¨‡g D‡Ïk¨ I jÿ¨ AR©‡b mÿg nq|
d¨vwmwj‡UuUi ev mnvqKd¨vwmwj‡UuUi hvi ̀ vwqZ¡ ̀ j‡K MvBW K‡i mywbw`©ó Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g cÖZ¨vwkZ djvdj I jÿ¨ AR©b Kiv|
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 01mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ga¨ †_‡K c~‡e©B 2 Rb‡K wVK K‡i ivL‡eb hvi GKRb †ivj‡cø K‡i MZvbyMwZK †mkb Ki‡eb Ab¨Rb mnvq‡Ki `ÿZv, f~wgKv I ˆewkó¨mg~n †g‡b Avi GKwU †mkb Ki‡eb| Df‡qi †mk‡bi aiY a‡i mnvqK mnvqZvKi‡Yi aviYv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
avc 02mnvqK c~‡e©i Av‡jvPbvi m~Î a‡i mnvq‡Ki `ÿZv, f~wgKv I ˆewkó¨ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| Kv‡iv †Kvb cÖkœ Av‡Q wKbv Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb, _vK‡j Zvi DËi †`‡eb|
avc 03mnvqK G c‡e© mKj AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 3Rb K‡i G‡KKwU `‡j fvM K‡i cÖ‡ÎK `j‡K 3wU K‡i wfc KvW© w`‡q mnvqZvKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, cÖwµqv I †ÿÎ wjL‡Z ej‡eb Ges mnvqK c~‡e© 3wU †cv÷vi cvkvcvwk mvwR‡q ivL‡eb hvi Dc‡i mnvqZvKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, mnvqZvKi‡Yi cÖwµqv I †ÿÎ †jLv _vK‡e AskMÖnYKvixMY †mB Abyhvqx wfc KvW© jvwM‡q †`‡eb|
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ga¨ †_‡K G‡KK Rb G‡KKwU †cv÷v‡ii †jLv¸wj c‡o †kvbv‡eb|
G c‡e© mnvqK D‡jøwLZ †cv÷v‡ii c‡q›U¸wj wb‡q mnvqZvKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, cÖwµqv, †ÿÎ I D‡jøL‡hvM¨ w`K wb‡q gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©‡bi gva¨‡g Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| Kv‡iv Avi †Kvb wKQz Rvbvi bv _vK‡j ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbv, †ivj‡cø
Av‡jvPbv gvwëwgwWqv
cÖ`k©b
Av‡jvPbv, †QvU `‡j Av‡jvPbv,
wfc cÖ`k©b
20
15 wgwbU
25 wgwbU
wgwbU gvwëwgwWqv
gvwëwgwWqv
wfcKvW©, gvwëwgwWqv
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv mnvq‡Ki ̀ ÿZv
ŸmnRfv‡e Dc¯’vcb
Ÿ†hvMv‡hvM ̄ ’vcb
ŸmevB‡K mnR K‡i †bqv I g~j¨vqb
ŸAskMÖn‡Y DrmvwnZKiY
ŸØ× bv nIhvi †KŠkj †bqv Ges n‡j Zv †gUv‡bv
Ÿ†kvbv, †`Lv Ges cÖkœ
ŸMvBW
Ÿ¸bMZ Av‡jvPbv
Ÿdjvdj wba©viY
d¨vwmwj‡UuUiGKRb mnvqK †h KvR¸‡jv K‡i _v‡Kb, Zv n‡jv:
Ÿwelq‡K mnR K‡i
Ÿ`j/wUg‡K mnvqZv K‡i
ŸAwR©Z mvdj¨ mK‡ji mv‡_ †kqvi K‡i
Ÿ`ÿZvi mv‡_ c×wZ e¨envi K‡i
ŸRbM‡Yi mv‡_ KvR Kivi Rb¨ me †_‡K fvj Dcvq †ei K‡i
ŸwK fv‡e/cÖwµqv Kiv n‡e Zvi Dcvq †ei K‡i
mnvq‡Ki f~wgKv
mKj fv‡jv AwfÁZv, my‡hvM Kv‡R jvMv‡bv m¤¢ve¨ evav/`ye©jZv/Lvivc‡K `~‡i ivLv
mggbv/HK¨ g‡bvfvevcbœ wUg
Af~Zc~e© mvdj¨
+ -
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 50 51
mnvqZvKiY (Facilitation)mnvqZvKiY n‡”Q Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv †hLv‡b mnvqK jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ e¨w³, `j I cÖwZôvb‡K mnvqZv K‡i| mnvqK‡K Aek¨B welq m¤ú‡K© ̀ ÿZv, AwfÁZv, we‡kl Ávb _vK‡Z nq| wZwb Zvi Ávb, ̀ ÿZv I AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K KvR‡K mnR K‡i, Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡b mwVK I djcÖm~ w`K wb‡`k©bv cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡Kb|
myZivs mnvqZvKiY Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hv cÖZ¨vwkZ D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb e¨w³, ̀ j I cÖwZôvb‡K Ggbfv‡e w`K wb‡`k©bv cÖ`vb Kiv hv‡Z K‡i e¨w³, `j I cÖwZôv‡bi `ÿZv I AwfÁZv jv‡fi gva¨‡g welq wfwËK Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cv‡i, ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges gwbUwis Kivi gva¨‡g D‡Ïk¨ I jÿ¨ AR©‡b mÿg nq|
d¨vwmwj‡UuUi ev mnvqKd¨vwmwj‡UuUi hvi ̀ vwqZ¡ ̀ j‡K MvBW K‡i mywbw`©ó Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g cÖZ¨vwkZ djvdj I jÿ¨ AR©b Kiv|
mnvq‡Ki ̂ ewkó¨
FACILITATOR
F Friendly Attitude eÜzmyjf AvPiY
A Attentive g‡bv‡hvM
C Creative m„Rbkxj
I Initiator D‡`¨vMx
L Learner wkÿv_x©
I Intelligent eyw×gvb
T Technical †KŠkjx
A Active Kv‡R AvMÖnx/Kg©`ÿZvm¤úbœ
T Time keeper mgq m‡PZb
O Optimistic m‡e©v”P Avkvev`x
R Responsible `vwqZ¡kxj
d¨vwmwj‡Uk‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
ŸAwZwi³ Pvc Kgv‡bv
ŸDPz ch©v‡qi wPšÍv I cwiKíbvi mv‡_ hy³ Kiv
ŸwU‡gi Ávb, Rvbv I ̀ ÿZv Av‡Q Ges Ggb ̀ „wófw½ _vKv
- aviYv, AwfÁZv I civgk©
- DPz ch©v‡qi As½xKvive× g‡bvfve m„wó
ŸRbMY‡K ̂ Zwi/Dbœqb Kiv
d¨vwmwj‡Uk‡bi cÖavb 3wU w`K/gvÎvGKRb mnvq‡Ki g~j jÿ¨ n‡jv †mkb ev Awa‡ekb‡K mdj Kivi Rb¨ AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y I a‡i ivLv, wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ †mkb †kl Kiv Ges mKj AskMÖnYKvix Av‡jvP¨ welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv †c‡q‡Q Ges djcÖm~fv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GKRb mnvqK‡K cÖavb wZbwU weqq gv_vq †i‡L mnvqZvKiY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡Kb: 1. mnvqZvKi‡Yi djvdj †Kgb n‡e; 2. mnvqZvKi‡Yi cÖwµqv †Kgb n‡e Ges 3. mnvqK KZUzKz wkLb cwi‡ek mywó Kiv ev wi‡cvU© wewìs Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i mnvqZvKi‡Yi djvdj cÖZ¨vwkZ ch©vq ch©šÍ AwR©Z nq|
djvdj
cÖwµqv m¤úK©
mnvqZvKiY cÖwµqv
ŸZ_¨ we‡kølY I mwVK cš’v wba©viY;
ŸcwiKíbv;
Ÿ`jxq cwi‡ek, wbqg Kvbyb wVK Kiv;
Ÿev¯Íevq‡bi mwVK cš’v I cÖwµqv wVK Kiv †hb D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Kiv hvq;
Ÿ`jxq MwZkxjZv ̂ Zwi Kiv, †K Ki‡e wKfv‡e Ki‡e G wel‡q wUg †g¤^vi‡`i Drmvn cÖ`vb Kiv;
Ÿmy›`i AvPvi AvPi‡Yi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i‡K wbqwgZ †KvwPs Kiv‡bv;
ŸcwieZ©xZ wkÿ‡Yi Kvh©KvixZv wb‡q ̀ ‡ji mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Ges g~j¨vqb Kiv|
mnvqZvKiY †ÿÎ
ŸmvgvwRK RvMiY
ŸKwgDwbwU mfv
ŸKwgDwbwU Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYqb
ŸnvBwRb †mkb
ŸIwi‡q‡›Ukb
ŸcÖwkÿY
ŸwfwWwm wgwUs
Ÿ†hvMv‡hvM
†mkb cwiPvjbvi we‡eP¨ welq
ŸAskMÖnYKvixMY‡`i aiY
Ÿ†mkb cwiPvjbvi ̄ ’vb, mgq
ŸAv‡jvP¨ welq
Ÿc×wZ
Ÿfvlv
ŸDcKiY
ŸGjvKvi ms¯‹…wZ, g~j¨‡eva
Ÿmnvq‡Ki †cvlvK cwi”Q`
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 52 53
mnvq‡Ki ̂ ewkó¨
FACILITATOR
F Friendly Attitude eÜzmyjf AvPiY
A Attentive g‡bv‡hvM
C Creative m„Rbkxj
I Initiator D‡`¨vMx
L Learner wkÿv_x©
I Intelligent eyw×gvb
T Technical †KŠkjx
A Active Kv‡R AvMÖnx/Kg©`ÿZvm¤úbœ
T Time keeper mgq m‡PZb
O Optimistic m‡e©v”P Avkvev`x
R Responsible `vwqZ¡kxj
d¨vwmwj‡Uk‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
ŸAwZwi³ Pvc Kgv‡bv
ŸDPz ch©v‡qi wPšÍv I cwiKíbvi mv‡_ hy³ Kiv
ŸwU‡gi Ávb, Rvbv I ̀ ÿZv Av‡Q Ges Ggb ̀ „wófw½ _vKv
- aviYv, AwfÁZv I civgk©
- DPz ch©v‡qi As½xKvive× g‡bvfve m„wó
ŸRbMY‡K ̂ Zwi/Dbœqb Kiv
d¨vwmwj‡Uk‡bi cÖavb 3wU w`K/gvÎvGKRb mnvq‡Ki g~j jÿ¨ n‡jv †mkb ev Awa‡ekb‡K mdj Kivi Rb¨ AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y I a‡i ivLv, wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ †mkb †kl Kiv Ges mKj AskMÖnYKvix Av‡jvP¨ welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv †c‡q‡Q Ges djcÖm~fv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GKRb mnvqK‡K cÖavb wZbwU weqq gv_vq †i‡L mnvqZvKiY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡Kb: 1. mnvqZvKi‡Yi djvdj †Kgb n‡e; 2. mnvqZvKi‡Yi cÖwµqv †Kgb n‡e Ges 3. mnvqK KZUzKz wkLb cwi‡ek mywó Kiv ev wi‡cvU© wewìs Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i mnvqZvKi‡Yi djvdj cÖZ¨vwkZ ch©vq ch©šÍ AwR©Z nq|
djvdj
cÖwµqv m¤úK©
mnvqZvKiY cÖwµqv
ŸZ_¨ we‡kølY I mwVK cš’v wba©viY;
ŸcwiKíbv;
Ÿ`jxq cwi‡ek, wbqg Kvbyb wVK Kiv;
Ÿev¯Íevq‡bi mwVK cš’v I cÖwµqv wVK Kiv †hb D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Kiv hvq;
Ÿ`jxq MwZkxjZv ̂ Zwi Kiv, †K Ki‡e wKfv‡e Ki‡e G wel‡q wUg †g¤^vi‡`i Drmvn cÖ`vb Kiv;
Ÿmy›`i AvPvi AvPi‡Yi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i‡K wbqwgZ †KvwPs Kiv‡bv;
ŸcwieZ©xZ wkÿ‡Yi Kvh©KvixZv wb‡q ̀ ‡ji mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Ges g~j¨vqb Kiv|
mnvqZvKiY †ÿÎ
ŸmvgvwRK RvMiY
ŸKwgDwbwU mfv
ŸKwgDwbwU Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYqb
ŸnvBwRb †mkb
ŸIwi‡q‡›Ukb
ŸcÖwkÿY
ŸwfwWwm wgwUs
Ÿ†hvMv‡hvM
†mkb cwiPvjbvi we‡eP¨ welq
ŸAskMÖnYKvixMY‡`i aiY
Ÿ†mkb cwiPvjbvi ̄ ’vb, mgq
ŸAv‡jvP¨ welq
Ÿc×wZ
Ÿfvlv
ŸDcKiY
ŸGjvKvi ms¯‹…wZ, g~j¨‡eva
Ÿmnvq‡Ki †cvlvK cwi”Q`
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 52 53
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : c×wZ
Dc-welq : c×wZi aviYv
c×wZi aiY
c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡M we‡eP¨ welq
D‡Ïk¨ : c×wZ I Gi aiY m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
c×wZ e¨env‡ii we‡eP¨ welqmg~n m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi, †QvU ̀ ‡j KvR, †ivj †cø, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
DcKiY : AvU© jvBb gvK©vi, †cv÷vi, gvwëwgwWqv
mgq : 2 NÈv
Awa‡ekb : 09
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : c×wZ
Dc-welq : c×wZi aviYv
c×wZi aiY
c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡M we‡eP¨ welq
D‡Ïk¨ : c×wZ I Gi aiY m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
c×wZ e¨env‡ii we‡eP¨ welqmg~n m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi, †QvU ̀ ‡j KvR, †ivj †cø, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©b
DcKiY : AvU© jvBb gvK©vi, †cv÷vi, gvwëwgwWqv
mgq : 2 NÈv
Awa‡ekb : 09
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 1mnvqK 2/3 AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wbKU Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i †Kvb aviYv Av‡Q wKbv, _vK‡j ïb‡Z PvB‡eb| †kvbvi ci mnvqK gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g c×wZ I Gi aiY m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`‡eb| wewfbœ aiY m¤ú‡K© Kv‡iv †Kvb cÖkœ Av‡Q wKbv Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb, _vK‡j Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|
avc 2mnvqK wewfbœ ai‡Yi c×wZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| Zvi c~‡e© AskMÖnYg~jK 3/4wU c×wZ| †hgb †cqvi MÖæc, †QvU `‡j KvR, cÖkœ DËi, †ivj †cø GiKg K‡qKwU c×wZi Dci †ivj †cø K‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wewfbœ c×wZ m¤ú‡K© cwi®‹vi aviYv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| mnvqK †Kvb `j †Kvb c×wZ †ivj †cø K‡i‡Q G wel‡q ¯^”Q aviYv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|
avc 3AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wbKU mnvqK Gevi Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb Avgiv †h mKj c×wZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kijvg G mKj c×wZ e¨envi Kivi mgq Avgv‡`i †Kvb †Kvb welq we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i DËi †kvbvi ci mnvqK gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb Ges mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Ki‡eb|
cÖkœ DËi, Av‡jvPbv
Av‡jvPbv, †QvU `‡j KvR, †ivj
†cø
Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi
10 wgwbU
40 wgwbU
10 wgwbU
gvwëwgwWqv
AvU© jvBb gvK©vi, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvwëwgwWqv
wfc KvW©, AvU© jvBb gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv cÖwk¶Y c×wZmg~n
c×wZ wbe©vP‡b we‡eP¨ welq
gy³wPšÍvi So (Brain Stroming) wb‡`©wkZ Aa¨vqb (Guided Study)
cÖ‡kœvËi (Quenstion & Answer) †QvU ̀ ‡j Av‡jvPbv (Small Group Discussion)
evR`j (Buzz Group) cÖ`k©b (Demonstration)
Av‡jvPbv (Discussion) VIPP (Vizualization In Participatory Process)
nvg`j/†Rvov`j (Pair Group) NUbv we‡kølY (Case Study)
f~wgKv Awfbq (Role Play) DÏxcK †Ljv (Simulation Game)
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i aiY
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i eqm
ŸwkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zv
Ÿwelqe¯‘
Ÿmgq
Ÿ†fŠZ myweavw`
ŸGjvKvi wek¦vm, g~j¨‡eva
f~wgKvAvaywbK Kv‡j cÖwkÿY c×wZ djcÖm~, AskMÖnYg~jK I AwaKZi Kvh©Kix Kivi Rb¨ †h mKj c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq Zb¥‡a¨ †eªBb ÷wg©s eûj e¨eüZ kw³kvjx GKwU c×wZ| GB c×wZ‡Z Av‡jvPbvq mevB‡K mwµq Kiv hvq| GKwU aviYv‡K mw¤§wjZfv‡e RxebwfwËK wPšÍvi cÖwZdjb NUv‡bvi gva¨‡g b~¨bZg mg‡q me©vwaK e³e¨ †ei n‡q Avmvi †h cÖwµqv ZvB †eªBb ÷wg©s| GB c×wZi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wbKU †_‡K †Kvb wel‡q †LvjvLywj aviYv PvIqv nq ev e¨³ Ki‡Z ejv nq Ges mKj aviYv cÖv_wgKfv‡e MÖnY K‡i cieZ©x‡Z ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ n‡Z nq|
D‡Ïk¨¯^í mg‡q †ewk aviYv m„wó Kivi Rb¨ GB c×wZ e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
kZ©
1. mevB‡K ej‡Z n‡e|
2. mgq wbw`©ó _vK‡e|
3. cÖv_wgKfv‡e me aviYv MÖnY‡hvM¨|
4. KviI aviYvi Dci we`ªæc Kiv Pj‡e bv|
gy³ wPšÍvi So
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 56 57
cÖwkÿY c×wZ ÒwkLb D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ †h Dcvq I †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i cÖwkÿ‡Yi welq Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq Zv‡K cÖwkÿY c×wZ e‡j|Ó
ÒÁvb, ̀ ÿZv I g‡bvfve cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ †h Dcv‡q Z_¨ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q _v‡K †m¸‡jv‡K cÖwkÿY c×wZ ejv nq|Ó
ÒcÖwkÿ‡Yi welqmg~n ev Abywelqmg~‡ni D‡Ïk¨ AR©b I Zv AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q mnR, †evaMg¨, Kvh©Kix Ges MÖnY‡hvM¨ I AvKl©bxqfv‡e Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ †h me cš’v ev c_ Aej¤^b Kiv nq †m me c_ ev cš’vmg~n‡K cÖwkÿY c×wZ e‡j|Ó
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 1mnvqK 2/3 AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wbKU Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i †Kvb aviYv Av‡Q wKbv, _vK‡j ïb‡Z PvB‡eb| †kvbvi ci mnvqK gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g c×wZ I Gi aiY m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`‡eb| wewfbœ aiY m¤ú‡K© Kv‡iv †Kvb cÖkœ Av‡Q wKbv Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb, _vK‡j Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|
avc 2mnvqK wewfbœ ai‡Yi c×wZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| Zvi c~‡e© AskMÖnYg~jK 3/4wU c×wZ| †hgb †cqvi MÖæc, †QvU `‡j KvR, cÖkœ DËi, †ivj †cø GiKg K‡qKwU c×wZi Dci †ivj †cø K‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wewfbœ c×wZ m¤ú‡K© cwi®‹vi aviYv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| mnvqK †Kvb `j †Kvb c×wZ †ivj †cø K‡i‡Q G wel‡q ¯^”Q aviYv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|
avc 3AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wbKU mnvqK Gevi Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb Avgiv †h mKj c×wZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kijvg G mKj c×wZ e¨envi Kivi mgq Avgv‡`i †Kvb †Kvb welq we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i DËi †kvbvi ci mnvqK gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb Ges mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Ki‡eb|
cÖkœ DËi, Av‡jvPbv
Av‡jvPbv, †QvU `‡j KvR, †ivj
†cø
Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi
10 wgwbU
40 wgwbU
10 wgwbU
gvwëwgwWqv
AvU© jvBb gvK©vi, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvwëwgwWqv
wfc KvW©, AvU© jvBb gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv cÖwk¶Y c×wZmg~n
c×wZ wbe©vP‡b we‡eP¨ welq
gy³wPšÍvi So (Brain Stroming) wb‡`©wkZ Aa¨vqb (Guided Study)
cÖ‡kœvËi (Quenstion & Answer) †QvU ̀ ‡j Av‡jvPbv (Small Group Discussion)
evR`j (Buzz Group) cÖ`k©b (Demonstration)
Av‡jvPbv (Discussion) VIPP (Vizualization In Participatory Process)
nvg`j/†Rvov`j (Pair Group) NUbv we‡kølY (Case Study)
f~wgKv Awfbq (Role Play) DÏxcK †Ljv (Simulation Game)
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i aiY
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i eqm
ŸwkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zv
Ÿwelqe¯‘
Ÿmgq
Ÿ†fŠZ myweavw`
ŸGjvKvi wek¦vm, g~j¨‡eva
f~wgKvAvaywbK Kv‡j cÖwkÿY c×wZ djcÖm~, AskMÖnYg~jK I AwaKZi Kvh©Kix Kivi Rb¨ †h mKj c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq Zb¥‡a¨ †eªBb ÷wg©s eûj e¨eüZ kw³kvjx GKwU c×wZ| GB c×wZ‡Z Av‡jvPbvq mevB‡K mwµq Kiv hvq| GKwU aviYv‡K mw¤§wjZfv‡e RxebwfwËK wPšÍvi cÖwZdjb NUv‡bvi gva¨‡g b~¨bZg mg‡q me©vwaK e³e¨ †ei n‡q Avmvi †h cÖwµqv ZvB †eªBb ÷wg©s| GB c×wZi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wbKU †_‡K †Kvb wel‡q †LvjvLywj aviYv PvIqv nq ev e¨³ Ki‡Z ejv nq Ges mKj aviYv cÖv_wgKfv‡e MÖnY K‡i cieZ©x‡Z ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ n‡Z nq|
D‡Ïk¨¯^í mg‡q †ewk aviYv m„wó Kivi Rb¨ GB c×wZ e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
kZ©
1. mevB‡K ej‡Z n‡e|
2. mgq wbw`©ó _vK‡e|
3. cÖv_wgKfv‡e me aviYv MÖnY‡hvM¨|
4. KviI aviYvi Dci we`ªæc Kiv Pj‡e bv|
gy³ wPšÍvi So
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 56 57
cÖwkÿY c×wZ ÒwkLb D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ †h Dcvq I †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i cÖwkÿ‡Yi welq Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq Zv‡K cÖwkÿY c×wZ e‡j|Ó
ÒÁvb, ̀ ÿZv I g‡bvfve cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ †h Dcv‡q Z_¨ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q _v‡K †m¸‡jv‡K cÖwkÿY c×wZ ejv nq|Ó
ÒcÖwkÿ‡Yi welqmg~n ev Abywelqmg~‡ni D‡Ïk¨ AR©b I Zv AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q mnR, †evaMg¨, Kvh©Kix Ges MÖnY‡hvM¨ I AvKl©bxqfv‡e Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ †h me cš’v ev c_ Aej¤^b Kiv nq †m me c_ ev cš’vmg~n‡K cÖwkÿY c×wZ e‡j|Ó
myweav
1. mevi AskMÖnY Kivi my‡hvM _v‡K|
2. mgq Kg jv‡M|
3. Kg mg‡q †ewk aviYvi m„wó Kiv hvq|
4. mevB Av‡jvPbvi cÖwZ AvMÖnx nq|
5. cvi¯úwiK gZ wewbgq Gi my‡hvM m„wó nq|
6. Awa‡ekb‡K RxešÍ ivLv hvq|
7. AskMÖnYKvix‡`i‡K wPšÍv Ki‡Z DÏxwcZ K‡i|
8. mnvqK‡K ̀ jxq AwfÁZv m¤ú‡K© aviYv †hvMvq|
Amyweav
1. †ewk aviYv G‡m †M‡j cÖwµqvKi‡Y †ekx mgq ̀ iKvi nq|
2. †h wel‡q aviYv PvIqv nq †m wel‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡`i c~e© aviYv bv _vK‡j msMwZnxb wKQy gZvgZ Avmvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
3. A‡bK mgq Lye we‡kølY nq bv e‡j wKQy wKQy †ÿ‡Î aviYv¸‡jv A¯úó †_‡K †h‡Z cv‡i|
4. gv‡S gv‡S wek„sLjvi m„wó n‡Z cv‡i|
5. eo †evW© A_ev A‡bK †cv÷vi †ccvi ̀ iKvi nq|
f~wgKv AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cÖkœ K‡i Zv‡`i AwfÁZv‡K Zz‡j Avbvi m‡e©vËg Dcvq wnmv‡e cÖ‡kœvËi c×wZ LyeB Kvh©Ki GKwU c×wZ|
cÖ‡kœi aiY
Ÿc~e© g‡bvbxZ cÖkœ (Pre-nominated question): Kv‡K cÖkœ Kiv n‡e Zv wVK K‡i cÖkœ Kiv|
ŸDb¥y³ cÖkœ (Open question) : †h †KD DËi w`‡Z cv‡i|
Ÿc‡i g‡bvbxZ cÖkœ (Delayed nominated question) : cÖ_‡g Db¥y³ cÖkœ K‡i c‡i wbw`©ó e¨w³‡K cÖkœ Kiv|
cÖ‡kœi cÖKvi
ŸClosed Question: e× cÖkœ- nu¨v ev bv Gi gva¨‡g DËi w`‡Z n‡e|
ŸOpen Ended Question: Db¥y³ cÖkœ- eY©bvg~jK fv‡e cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z nq|
cÖ¯‘wZ
Ÿm¤¢ve¨ cÖkœ wPwýZ Kiv|
Ÿwelq wfwËK mn‡hvMx cÖ‡kœi †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ|
cÖ‡kœvËi c×wZ
DËi †gvKv‡ejv
ŸDˇii Rb¨ ̄ ^xK…wZ cÖ`vb|
ŸDˇii mvivsk K‡i|
ŸDËi wjwce× K‡i|
ŸDˇii mv‡_ Av‡iv m¤úwK©Z gšÍe¨ †hvM Kiv|
ŸAb¨ KvD‡K Dˇii Dci mvivsk Ki‡Z †`qv|
ŸDËiwU‡K wef³ K‡i Ab¨ Kv‡iv gZvgZ AvnŸvb Kiv|
myweav
Ÿ`‡ji wbw`©ó wKQy †jv‡Ki AwfÁZv Zz‡j Av‡b|
Ÿ`‡ji Ges e¨w³i Abyf~wZ I gZvgZ‡K wPwýZ K‡i|
ŸKg Ae`vbKvix‡`i AskMÖn‡Y mnvqZv K‡i|
Ÿg‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y K‡i|
Ÿwbw`©ó Awfg‡Zi e¨vL¨v cwi®‹vi K‡i|
Ÿwelq wfwËK Áv‡bi hvPvB Kiv hvq|
ŸAbyaveb, AvMÖn I m‡PZbZv e„w× K‡i|
Ÿ`jxq Av‡jvPbv‡K DrmvwnZ I AwaK AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡i|
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i D‡ËRbv Kwg‡q Av‡b|
Amyweav
Ÿmgq †ekx jv‡M|
ŸAv‡jvPbv g~jK welq †_‡K Ab¨ wel‡q P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i|
ŸAskMÖnYKvixMY weeªZ †eva Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
cÖ‡kœvËi Lye mnR I eûj e¨eüZ GKwU c×wZ| cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvixMY wel‡qi Mfx‡i Xy‡K wPšÍv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wewfbœ ai‡Yi cÖkœ-DËi †h †Kvb ai‡Yi Av‡jvPbv‡K cÖvYešÍ K‡i †Zv‡j|
cÖ‡kœi aiY
1. c~e© g‡bvwbZ cÖkœ (Pre-Nominated Question)
2. cÖ_‡g †h †Kvb e¨w³i bvg D‡jøL K‡i cÖkœ Kiv
3. D¤§y³ cÖkœ (Overhead Question) [`‡ji mevi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖkœ Kiv nq, †h †KD DËi †`q]
4. †`ix‡Z g‡bvwbZ cÖkœ (Delayed Nominated Question) [cÖ_‡g `‡ji mevi D‡Ï‡k¨, Ôc‡i GKR‡bi bvg D‡jøL K‡i ejv nq ]
cÖ‡kœvËi
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 58 59
myweav
1. mevi AskMÖnY Kivi my‡hvM _v‡K|
2. mgq Kg jv‡M|
3. Kg mg‡q †ewk aviYvi m„wó Kiv hvq|
4. mevB Av‡jvPbvi cÖwZ AvMÖnx nq|
5. cvi¯úwiK gZ wewbgq Gi my‡hvM m„wó nq|
6. Awa‡ekb‡K RxešÍ ivLv hvq|
7. AskMÖnYKvix‡`i‡K wPšÍv Ki‡Z DÏxwcZ K‡i|
8. mnvqK‡K ̀ jxq AwfÁZv m¤ú‡K© aviYv †hvMvq|
Amyweav
1. †ewk aviYv G‡m †M‡j cÖwµqvKi‡Y †ekx mgq ̀ iKvi nq|
2. †h wel‡q aviYv PvIqv nq †m wel‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡`i c~e© aviYv bv _vK‡j msMwZnxb wKQy gZvgZ Avmvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
3. A‡bK mgq Lye we‡kølY nq bv e‡j wKQy wKQy †ÿ‡Î aviYv¸‡jv A¯úó †_‡K †h‡Z cv‡i|
4. gv‡S gv‡S wek„sLjvi m„wó n‡Z cv‡i|
5. eo †evW© A_ev A‡bK †cv÷vi †ccvi ̀ iKvi nq|
f~wgKv AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cÖkœ K‡i Zv‡`i AwfÁZv‡K Zz‡j Avbvi m‡e©vËg Dcvq wnmv‡e cÖ‡kœvËi c×wZ LyeB Kvh©Ki GKwU c×wZ|
cÖ‡kœi aiY
Ÿc~e© g‡bvbxZ cÖkœ (Pre-nominated question): Kv‡K cÖkœ Kiv n‡e Zv wVK K‡i cÖkœ Kiv|
ŸDb¥y³ cÖkœ (Open question) : †h †KD DËi w`‡Z cv‡i|
Ÿc‡i g‡bvbxZ cÖkœ (Delayed nominated question) : cÖ_‡g Db¥y³ cÖkœ K‡i c‡i wbw`©ó e¨w³‡K cÖkœ Kiv|
cÖ‡kœi cÖKvi
ŸClosed Question: e× cÖkœ- nu¨v ev bv Gi gva¨‡g DËi w`‡Z n‡e|
ŸOpen Ended Question: Db¥y³ cÖkœ- eY©bvg~jK fv‡e cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z nq|
cÖ¯‘wZ
Ÿm¤¢ve¨ cÖkœ wPwýZ Kiv|
Ÿwelq wfwËK mn‡hvMx cÖ‡kœi †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ|
cÖ‡kœvËi c×wZ
DËi †gvKv‡ejv
ŸDˇii Rb¨ ̄ ^xK…wZ cÖ`vb|
ŸDˇii mvivsk K‡i|
ŸDËi wjwce× K‡i|
ŸDˇii mv‡_ Av‡iv m¤úwK©Z gšÍe¨ †hvM Kiv|
ŸAb¨ KvD‡K Dˇii Dci mvivsk Ki‡Z †`qv|
ŸDËiwU‡K wef³ K‡i Ab¨ Kv‡iv gZvgZ AvnŸvb Kiv|
myweav
Ÿ`‡ji wbw`©ó wKQy †jv‡Ki AwfÁZv Zz‡j Av‡b|
Ÿ`‡ji Ges e¨w³i Abyf~wZ I gZvgZ‡K wPwýZ K‡i|
ŸKg Ae`vbKvix‡`i AskMÖn‡Y mnvqZv K‡i|
Ÿg‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y K‡i|
Ÿwbw`©ó Awfg‡Zi e¨vL¨v cwi®‹vi K‡i|
Ÿwelq wfwËK Áv‡bi hvPvB Kiv hvq|
ŸAbyaveb, AvMÖn I m‡PZbZv e„w× K‡i|
Ÿ`jxq Av‡jvPbv‡K DrmvwnZ I AwaK AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡i|
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i D‡ËRbv Kwg‡q Av‡b|
Amyweav
Ÿmgq †ekx jv‡M|
ŸAv‡jvPbv g~jK welq †_‡K Ab¨ wel‡q P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i|
ŸAskMÖnYKvixMY weeªZ †eva Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
cÖ‡kœvËi Lye mnR I eûj e¨eüZ GKwU c×wZ| cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvixMY wel‡qi Mfx‡i Xy‡K wPšÍv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wewfbœ ai‡Yi cÖkœ-DËi †h †Kvb ai‡Yi Av‡jvPbv‡K cÖvYešÍ K‡i †Zv‡j|
cÖ‡kœi aiY
1. c~e© g‡bvwbZ cÖkœ (Pre-Nominated Question)
2. cÖ_‡g †h †Kvb e¨w³i bvg D‡jøL K‡i cÖkœ Kiv
3. D¤§y³ cÖkœ (Overhead Question) [`‡ji mevi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖkœ Kiv nq, †h †KD DËi †`q]
4. †`ix‡Z g‡bvwbZ cÖkœ (Delayed Nominated Question) [cÖ_‡g `‡ji mevi D‡Ï‡k¨, Ôc‡i GKR‡bi bvg D‡jøL K‡i ejv nq ]
cÖ‡kœvËi
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 58 59
GQvov cÖkœ 3 cÖKv‡ii n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb:
1. e× cÖkœ
2. gy³ cÖkœ
3. †dir cÖkœ
1. e× cÖkœe× cÖ‡kœi †ÿ‡Î mswÿß mwVK I cÖvmw½K DËi Avkv Kiv hvq| GB cÖkœ c×wZ welqe¯‘‡K cixÿv Kivi my‡hvM K‡i †`q Ges welq e¯‘‡K †g‡b wb‡”Q wK bv †evSv hvq| GUv Av‡jvPbv‡K mxgve× K‡i †`q Ges wel‡qi Dci wewfbœ ̀ „wó-fw½i cÖKvk iæ× K‡i †`q|
2. gy³ cÖkœ gy³ cÖkœ wfbœ wfbœ Dˇii my‡hvM K‡i †`q, hvi †ewki fvMB n‡Z cv‡i eY©bvg~jK| GUv gvbyl‡K wPšÍv Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i| K_v ej‡Z I gZvgZ w`‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i, gvby‡li wPšÍv-fvebv‡K cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ GUv GKwU DËg cš’v hv `j‡K Av‡jvPbvq AšÍ©fy³ K‡i| KL‡bv KL‡bv wkÿv_©xiv Zv‡`i gZvgZ gy³ g‡b cÖKvk K‡i bv, †m †ÿ‡Î Zv‡`i ejvi ̀ ÿZv e„w×i Rb¨ gy³ cÖkœ ïiæ Kivi Av‡M Ab¨vb¨ †KŠkj (e× cÖkœ, Qwe, mgm¨v I Z_¨wfwËK cÖkœ) Aej¤^b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
3. †dir cÖkœ †Kvb wkÿv_©x hw` wkÿK‡K †Kvb cÖkœ K‡ib Zvn‡j H cÖkœwU‡K Nywi‡q Ab¨ †Kvb GKRb wkÿv_©x‡K Reve w`‡Z ejv DËg| G‡Z K‡i wkÿv_©xiv mnvq‡Ki Dci wbf©i bv K‡i wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ wPšÍv Kivi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i| myweav n‡”Q `vwqZ¡wU mnvq‡Ki KvQ †_‡K wkÿv_©x‡`i Dci wM‡q c‡o| Amyweav n‡”Q hv‡K DËi w`‡Z ejv nq wZwb ZvrÿwYKfv‡e `‡ji Ab¨‡`i cÖ‡kœi DËi †`qvi Rb¨ gvbwmKfv‡e cÖ¯‘Z bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i|
f~wgKvwgwkMvb wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK wg. wdwjc evR GB c×wZwU D™¢veb K‡ib| Zuvi g‡Z gvby‡li g‡bv‡hvM mg‡q mg‡q wbgœgyLx nq| hZ †ekx mgq a‡i K¬vm ev Awa‡ekb Pj‡Z _v‡K g‡bv‡hvM I †mB nv‡i Kg‡Z _v‡K| e³e¨ hLb ïiæ nq ZLb AskMÖnYKvix‡`i e³‡e¨i cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM AcwUgvg †j‡fj _v‡K| Avi mgq hZ evo‡Z _v‡K g‡bv‡hvM cÖvq k~‡b¨i †KvVvq G‡m hvq| ZvB GB g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ wKQzÿY ci ci †h †Kvb †KŠkj e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
GwU Ggb GKwU c×wZ hv eo `‡ji cÖwZwU m`m¨ mivmwi fv‡e Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| eo `jwU‡K Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ †QvU †QvU ̀ ‡j 3 Rb K‡i wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ fvM K‡i †`qv nq| hv‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨ wbR wbR aviYv e¨³ Ki‡Z cv‡i| G c×wZ‡Z cÖwkÿK‡K mg‡qi cÖwZ myZxeª ̀ „wó ivL‡Z nq|
cÖ‡qvM wewa†Kvb welq m¤úK© `jMZfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z w`b| wbw`©ó mgq a‡i Zuviv hLb KvR Ki‡e mnvqK Ny‡i Ny‡i †`L‡eb| gZvgZ¸‡jv `jMZfv‡e †cv÷v‡i wjL‡e I wbw`©ó mgq †k‡l GK GK `j K‡i Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e I Ab¨vb¨ `j Zv‡`i gZvgZ ivL‡eb|
evR `j
myweavmg~n
1. c~Y© mfvi mvg‡b bv ̀ uvwo‡qI cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨‡K AskMÖn‡Yi GKwU my‡hvM m„wó K‡i †`qv|
2. GB c×wZ‡Z wkÿv_x©‡`i g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLv hvq|
3. AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv hvq|
4. gZvgZ Av`vb cÖ`vb nq †Kbbv GKRb Ab¨R‡bi K_vï‡bI Av‡jvPbv K‡i|
Amyweavmg~n
Ÿe¨w³i AskMÖnY mgq Øviv wbqwš¿Z|
Ÿmgq †ewk jv‡M|
Ÿ`‡ji gZvgZ Ø›`g~jK n‡Z cv‡i A_ev †m¸‡jv mgš^q mvab myweavRbK bvI n‡Z cv‡i|
Ÿ`‡j †Kvb †Kvb m`m¨ GKK cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Ÿ†Kvb †Kvb m`m¨ bxie f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
D‡Ïk¨AskMÖnYKvix‡`i mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv I m‡ZRxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g wkÿ‡Yi cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv|
eY©bv†Kvb D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L `‡j cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK Abykxj‡bi/†Ljvi gva¨‡g H D‡Ï‡k¨ AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ev¯ÍeZv Dcjwä cÖ`vb Kivi cÖwµqv‡KB cÖ`xßKiY ejv nq| cÖwkÿ‡Yi †Kvb †Ljv‡K ev Abykxjb‡K c~e© †_‡K wbe©vPb Kiv nq| †Ljvq hv‡Z mKj AskMÖnYKvix AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i †m e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| †Ljv/Abykxj‡bi ci AskMÖnYKvixMY wbR wbR Avm‡b em‡eb Ges mnvqK wewfbœ cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g wkÿYxq welq¸wj‡K wkÿv_x©‡`i gva¨‡g †ei Ki‡eb| GwU GKwU wkÿvg~jK cÖwµqv gvÎ - Rq civRq gyL¨ b‡n| wKš‘ GB c×wZ D”P c`gh©v`v m¤úbœ I †ekx eq¯‹ e¨w³‡`i cÖwkÿ‡Yi †ÿ‡Î weiƒc cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ GB c×wZ me©‡ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ bq|
cÖwµqv ïiæi c~‡e© KiYxq
ŸD‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Kiv
ŸwK Ki‡Z n‡e, wKfv‡e Ki‡Z n‡e Zv AskMÖnYKvix‡`i‡K we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e ejv
ŸcÖ‡qvR‡b GKevi †`wL‡q †`qv
ŸwK ai‡Yi cÖkœ Ki‡Z n‡e Zv c~e© †_‡KB wVK K‡i ivLv
ŸDcKiY wK n‡e Zv wVK K‡i ivLv
Ÿ†h ̄ ’v‡b KvRwU n‡e †m ̄ ’vbwU wVKfv‡e ̧ wQ‡q ivLv
mvBgy‡jkb †MBg
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 60 61
GQvov cÖkœ 3 cÖKv‡ii n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb:
1. e× cÖkœ
2. gy³ cÖkœ
3. †dir cÖkœ
1. e× cÖkœe× cÖ‡kœi †ÿ‡Î mswÿß mwVK I cÖvmw½K DËi Avkv Kiv hvq| GB cÖkœ c×wZ welqe¯‘‡K cixÿv Kivi my‡hvM K‡i †`q Ges welq e¯‘‡K †g‡b wb‡”Q wK bv †evSv hvq| GUv Av‡jvPbv‡K mxgve× K‡i †`q Ges wel‡qi Dci wewfbœ ̀ „wó-fw½i cÖKvk iæ× K‡i †`q|
2. gy³ cÖkœ gy³ cÖkœ wfbœ wfbœ Dˇii my‡hvM K‡i †`q, hvi †ewki fvMB n‡Z cv‡i eY©bvg~jK| GUv gvbyl‡K wPšÍv Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i| K_v ej‡Z I gZvgZ w`‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i, gvby‡li wPšÍv-fvebv‡K cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ GUv GKwU DËg cš’v hv `j‡K Av‡jvPbvq AšÍ©fy³ K‡i| KL‡bv KL‡bv wkÿv_©xiv Zv‡`i gZvgZ gy³ g‡b cÖKvk K‡i bv, †m †ÿ‡Î Zv‡`i ejvi ̀ ÿZv e„w×i Rb¨ gy³ cÖkœ ïiæ Kivi Av‡M Ab¨vb¨ †KŠkj (e× cÖkœ, Qwe, mgm¨v I Z_¨wfwËK cÖkœ) Aej¤^b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
3. †dir cÖkœ †Kvb wkÿv_©x hw` wkÿK‡K †Kvb cÖkœ K‡ib Zvn‡j H cÖkœwU‡K Nywi‡q Ab¨ †Kvb GKRb wkÿv_©x‡K Reve w`‡Z ejv DËg| G‡Z K‡i wkÿv_©xiv mnvq‡Ki Dci wbf©i bv K‡i wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ wPšÍv Kivi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i| myweav n‡”Q `vwqZ¡wU mnvq‡Ki KvQ †_‡K wkÿv_©x‡`i Dci wM‡q c‡o| Amyweav n‡”Q hv‡K DËi w`‡Z ejv nq wZwb ZvrÿwYKfv‡e `‡ji Ab¨‡`i cÖ‡kœi DËi †`qvi Rb¨ gvbwmKfv‡e cÖ¯‘Z bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i|
f~wgKvwgwkMvb wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK wg. wdwjc evR GB c×wZwU D™¢veb K‡ib| Zuvi g‡Z gvby‡li g‡bv‡hvM mg‡q mg‡q wbgœgyLx nq| hZ †ekx mgq a‡i K¬vm ev Awa‡ekb Pj‡Z _v‡K g‡bv‡hvM I †mB nv‡i Kg‡Z _v‡K| e³e¨ hLb ïiæ nq ZLb AskMÖnYKvix‡`i e³‡e¨i cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM AcwUgvg †j‡fj _v‡K| Avi mgq hZ evo‡Z _v‡K g‡bv‡hvM cÖvq k~‡b¨i †KvVvq G‡m hvq| ZvB GB g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ wKQzÿY ci ci †h †Kvb †KŠkj e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
GwU Ggb GKwU c×wZ hv eo `‡ji cÖwZwU m`m¨ mivmwi fv‡e Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| eo `jwU‡K Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ †QvU †QvU ̀ ‡j 3 Rb K‡i wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ fvM K‡i †`qv nq| hv‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨ wbR wbR aviYv e¨³ Ki‡Z cv‡i| G c×wZ‡Z cÖwkÿK‡K mg‡qi cÖwZ myZxeª ̀ „wó ivL‡Z nq|
cÖ‡qvM wewa†Kvb welq m¤úK© `jMZfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z w`b| wbw`©ó mgq a‡i Zuviv hLb KvR Ki‡e mnvqK Ny‡i Ny‡i †`L‡eb| gZvgZ¸‡jv `jMZfv‡e †cv÷v‡i wjL‡e I wbw`©ó mgq †k‡l GK GK `j K‡i Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e I Ab¨vb¨ `j Zv‡`i gZvgZ ivL‡eb|
evR `j
myweavmg~n
1. c~Y© mfvi mvg‡b bv ̀ uvwo‡qI cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨‡K AskMÖn‡Yi GKwU my‡hvM m„wó K‡i †`qv|
2. GB c×wZ‡Z wkÿv_x©‡`i g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLv hvq|
3. AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv hvq|
4. gZvgZ Av`vb cÖ`vb nq †Kbbv GKRb Ab¨R‡bi K_vï‡bI Av‡jvPbv K‡i|
Amyweavmg~n
Ÿe¨w³i AskMÖnY mgq Øviv wbqwš¿Z|
Ÿmgq †ewk jv‡M|
Ÿ`‡ji gZvgZ Ø›`g~jK n‡Z cv‡i A_ev †m¸‡jv mgš^q mvab myweavRbK bvI n‡Z cv‡i|
Ÿ`‡j †Kvb †Kvb m`m¨ GKK cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Ÿ†Kvb †Kvb m`m¨ bxie f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
D‡Ïk¨AskMÖnYKvix‡`i mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv I m‡ZRxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g wkÿ‡Yi cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv|
eY©bv†Kvb D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L `‡j cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK Abykxj‡bi/†Ljvi gva¨‡g H D‡Ï‡k¨ AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ev¯ÍeZv Dcjwä cÖ`vb Kivi cÖwµqv‡KB cÖ`xßKiY ejv nq| cÖwkÿ‡Yi †Kvb †Ljv‡K ev Abykxjb‡K c~e© †_‡K wbe©vPb Kiv nq| †Ljvq hv‡Z mKj AskMÖnYKvix AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i †m e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| †Ljv/Abykxj‡bi ci AskMÖnYKvixMY wbR wbR Avm‡b em‡eb Ges mnvqK wewfbœ cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g wkÿYxq welq¸wj‡K wkÿv_x©‡`i gva¨‡g †ei Ki‡eb| GwU GKwU wkÿvg~jK cÖwµqv gvÎ - Rq civRq gyL¨ b‡n| wKš‘ GB c×wZ D”P c`gh©v`v m¤úbœ I †ekx eq¯‹ e¨w³‡`i cÖwkÿ‡Yi †ÿ‡Î weiƒc cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ GB c×wZ me©‡ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ bq|
cÖwµqv ïiæi c~‡e© KiYxq
ŸD‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Kiv
ŸwK Ki‡Z n‡e, wKfv‡e Ki‡Z n‡e Zv AskMÖnYKvix‡`i‡K we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e ejv
ŸcÖ‡qvR‡b GKevi †`wL‡q †`qv
ŸwK ai‡Yi cÖkœ Ki‡Z n‡e Zv c~e© †_‡KB wVK K‡i ivLv
ŸDcKiY wK n‡e Zv wVK K‡i ivLv
Ÿ†h ̄ ’v‡b KvRwU n‡e †m ̄ ’vbwU wVKfv‡e ̧ wQ‡q ivLv
mvBgy‡jkb †MBg
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 60 61
†mkb PjvKv‡j
ŸKvh©µg Pjvi mgq ch©‡eÿY I cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv †`qv
Ÿgv‡S gv‡S Drmvn †`qv I MVbg~jK nvjKv iwmKZv Kiv
Ÿ†kl n‡j Zv cwi®‹vifv‡e ejv|
cÖwµqv †kl nIqvi c‡i KiYxq KvR
Ÿ†kl nIqvi ci Kx Kx wkÿYxq welq wQj Zv †ei Kiv Avek¨K|
Ÿhw` Av‡jvPbvq †Kvb ̧ iæZ¡c~Y© welq ev` c‡o hvq Z‡e g~j cÖwµqvi m~Î a‡i Zv D‡jøL Kiv DwPZ|
Ÿ†Kvb †Kvb †Ljvq Kv‡iv Kv‡iv D‡ËRbv weivR Ki‡Z cv‡i myZivs Zv‡`i‡K kvšÍ ivLvi g‡Zv †hvM¨ civgk© †`qv|
Ÿmvivsk K‡i Dcmsnvi †U‡b mevB‡K ab¨ev` †`qv|
myweav
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i welqe¯ÍÍy Dcjwä‡Z mnvqK
ŸÎæwU wePz¨wZ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv Av‡m
Ÿ`„wóf½x I AvPiY cwieZ©‡b mnvqK
Ÿcvi¯úwiK mgš^q m„wó‡Z mnvqK
Ÿmgm¨v we‡kølY Kivi my‡hvM nq
ŸRxeb wfwËK wkÿv †`qv hvq
Ÿwkÿv_x©‡`i AskMÖnY AwaKZi wbwðZ K‡i
ŸAvb›`Nb cwi‡e‡k wkÿvi my‡hvM _v‡K
Ÿm¤¢ve¨ †KŠkj Aej¤^‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_x©i myß cÖwZfv weKv‡ki my‡hvM _v‡K|
Amyweav
ŸAwaK mgq jv‡M
ŸKL‡bv KL‡bv wkÿv_©xMY †Ljvi ¯^v‡_© †Ljv Giƒc fve‡Z cv‡i bv eis cÖwZØ›Øx I cÖwZ‡hvMx n‡q D‡V Ges †ÿÎ we‡k‡l ̀ xN© mgq Zvi †ik †_‡K hvq
ŸKwVb †Ljvayjv A‡bK mgq RwUjZvi m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i
Ÿ†Ljv wbe©vwPZ mwVK bv n‡j D‡Ïk¨ e¨vnZ n‡Z cv‡i
Ÿmnv‡Ki †Ljv cwiPvjbvq AwfÁZv bv _vK‡j ̀ j¸‡jvi g‡a¨ we‡f` m„wó n‡Z cv‡i
ŸcÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY I cwi‡e‡ki Afv‡e †Ljv cwiPvjbvq weNœ m„wó n‡Z cv‡i|
cÖ`k©b c×wZ
f~wgKvAvgiv †`‡L A‡bK wKQy wkwL| Avgiv Qwe, PvU©, g‡Wj ev cÖK…wZi eû wKQy‡K e¨envi K‡i G †kLv‡K Avb›``vqK I ev¯Íe m¤§Z Ki‡Z cvwi| cÖwkÿ‡Y cÖ`k©b GKwU Kvh©Ki c×wZ| Ggb A‡bK aviYv Av‡Q hv g‡Wj ev ev¯Íe wRwb‡mi mvnv‡h¨ mn‡RB e¨vL¨v Kiv m¤¢e|
cÖ‡qvM cÖwµqv
ŸD‡Ïk¨ I cÖwµqvi mswÿß eY©bv w`b|
ŸmKj AskMÖnYKvix †hb †`L‡Z cvq Ggbfv‡e DcKiY mvRvb ev ̄ ’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
ŸavivevwnKfv‡e cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ÿg~j wkÿYxq c‡q›U¸wji Dci ̧ iæZ¡ w`‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
ŸcÖ`wk©Z wel‡qi Dci cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g wkLb dj m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e|
ŸcÖ‡qvRbxq Abyf~wZ I gZvgZ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e|
ŸcÖ‡qvRb n‡j cÖ`wk©Z DcKiY¸wj AskMÖnYKvix‡`i a‡i †`L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e|
Ÿwelq I D‡Ï‡k¨i mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© K‡i cybiv‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ÿwel‡qi Dci Dcmsnvi Uvb‡Z n‡e |
myweav
Ÿwel‡qi Dci my¯úó aviYv †`Iqv hvq|
Ÿ`ÿZv e„w×i †ÿ‡Î mnvqK|
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i AvMÖn I g‡bv‡hvM e„w× cvq|
ŸwkLb dj ̀ xN©w`b g‡b _v‡K|
ŸGKvwaKevi welq AeZviYvi my‡hvM _v‡K|
Amyweav
ŸDcKiY jvM‡Z cv‡i|
ŸDcKi‡Yi mwVK e¨envi bv n‡j welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv hvq bv|
Ÿ`ÿ mnvq‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb nq|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 62 63
†mkb PjvKv‡j
ŸKvh©µg Pjvi mgq ch©‡eÿY I cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv †`qv
Ÿgv‡S gv‡S Drmvn †`qv I MVbg~jK nvjKv iwmKZv Kiv
Ÿ†kl n‡j Zv cwi®‹vifv‡e ejv|
cÖwµqv †kl nIqvi c‡i KiYxq KvR
Ÿ†kl nIqvi ci Kx Kx wkÿYxq welq wQj Zv †ei Kiv Avek¨K|
Ÿhw` Av‡jvPbvq †Kvb ̧ iæZ¡c~Y© welq ev` c‡o hvq Z‡e g~j cÖwµqvi m~Î a‡i Zv D‡jøL Kiv DwPZ|
Ÿ†Kvb †Kvb †Ljvq Kv‡iv Kv‡iv D‡ËRbv weivR Ki‡Z cv‡i myZivs Zv‡`i‡K kvšÍ ivLvi g‡Zv †hvM¨ civgk© †`qv|
Ÿmvivsk K‡i Dcmsnvi †U‡b mevB‡K ab¨ev` †`qv|
myweav
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i welqe¯ÍÍy Dcjwä‡Z mnvqK
ŸÎæwU wePz¨wZ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv Av‡m
Ÿ`„wóf½x I AvPiY cwieZ©‡b mnvqK
Ÿcvi¯úwiK mgš^q m„wó‡Z mnvqK
Ÿmgm¨v we‡kølY Kivi my‡hvM nq
ŸRxeb wfwËK wkÿv †`qv hvq
Ÿwkÿv_x©‡`i AskMÖnY AwaKZi wbwðZ K‡i
ŸAvb›`Nb cwi‡e‡k wkÿvi my‡hvM _v‡K
Ÿm¤¢ve¨ †KŠkj Aej¤^‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_x©i myß cÖwZfv weKv‡ki my‡hvM _v‡K|
Amyweav
ŸAwaK mgq jv‡M
ŸKL‡bv KL‡bv wkÿv_©xMY †Ljvi ¯^v‡_© †Ljv Giƒc fve‡Z cv‡i bv eis cÖwZØ›Øx I cÖwZ‡hvMx n‡q D‡V Ges †ÿÎ we‡k‡l ̀ xN© mgq Zvi †ik †_‡K hvq
ŸKwVb †Ljvayjv A‡bK mgq RwUjZvi m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i
Ÿ†Ljv wbe©vwPZ mwVK bv n‡j D‡Ïk¨ e¨vnZ n‡Z cv‡i
Ÿmnv‡Ki †Ljv cwiPvjbvq AwfÁZv bv _vK‡j ̀ j¸‡jvi g‡a¨ we‡f` m„wó n‡Z cv‡i
ŸcÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY I cwi‡e‡ki Afv‡e †Ljv cwiPvjbvq weNœ m„wó n‡Z cv‡i|
cÖ`k©b c×wZ
f~wgKvAvgiv †`‡L A‡bK wKQy wkwL| Avgiv Qwe, PvU©, g‡Wj ev cÖK…wZi eû wKQy‡K e¨envi K‡i G †kLv‡K Avb›``vqK I ev¯Íe m¤§Z Ki‡Z cvwi| cÖwkÿ‡Y cÖ`k©b GKwU Kvh©Ki c×wZ| Ggb A‡bK aviYv Av‡Q hv g‡Wj ev ev¯Íe wRwb‡mi mvnv‡h¨ mn‡RB e¨vL¨v Kiv m¤¢e|
cÖ‡qvM cÖwµqv
ŸD‡Ïk¨ I cÖwµqvi mswÿß eY©bv w`b|
ŸmKj AskMÖnYKvix †hb †`L‡Z cvq Ggbfv‡e DcKiY mvRvb ev ̄ ’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
ŸavivevwnKfv‡e cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ÿg~j wkÿYxq c‡q›U¸wji Dci ̧ iæZ¡ w`‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
ŸcÖ`wk©Z wel‡qi Dci cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g wkLb dj m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e|
ŸcÖ‡qvRbxq Abyf~wZ I gZvgZ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e|
ŸcÖ‡qvRb n‡j cÖ`wk©Z DcKiY¸wj AskMÖnYKvix‡`i a‡i †`L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e|
Ÿwelq I D‡Ï‡k¨i mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© K‡i cybiv‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ÿwel‡qi Dci Dcmsnvi Uvb‡Z n‡e |
myweav
Ÿwel‡qi Dci my¯úó aviYv †`Iqv hvq|
Ÿ`ÿZv e„w×i †ÿ‡Î mnvqK|
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i AvMÖn I g‡bv‡hvM e„w× cvq|
ŸwkLb dj ̀ xN©w`b g‡b _v‡K|
ŸGKvwaKevi welq AeZviYvi my‡hvM _v‡K|
Amyweav
ŸDcKiY jvM‡Z cv‡i|
ŸDcKi‡Yi mwVK e¨envi bv n‡j welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv hvq bv|
Ÿ`ÿ mnvq‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb nq|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 62 63
Av‡jvPbv†Kvb we‡kl D‡Ïk¨ mvg‡b †i‡L KwZcq cÖwkÿYv_x© hLb †Kvb mvaviY wel‡q Avjvc Av‡jvPbv K‡i ZLb Zv‡K ̀ jxq Av‡jvPbv e‡j| GLv‡b mvaviY welq ej‡Z mevi Drmvn Av‡Q Ggb welq‡K †evSv‡bv nq| KZRb wg‡j GK‡Î Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i A‡bK¸‡jv Dcv`v‡bi Dci| Z‡e G msL¨v 6 Gi Kg Ges 25 Gi AwaK nIqv evÂbxq bq| Giƒc Av‡jvPbv Aek¨B GKRb cÖwkÿ‡Ki †bZ…‡Z¡ n‡e| mnvqK Av‡jvPbv‡K djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨ wb‡RI Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Zvi f~wgKv Dc‡`kg~jK nIqv DwPZ|
Av‡jvPbv mvaviYZ: wbgœewY©Z †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq
Ÿ†hLv‡b mKj wkÿv_x©i Kv‡Q welqwU ̄ úó bq
Ÿ†hLv‡b cÖwkÿYv_x©‡`i †bZ…Z¡ wel‡q wkÿv †`qv nq
Ÿ†hLv‡b wPšÍvkw³ RvMÖZ Kivi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q
Ÿ†hLv‡b †Kvb mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Dcvq Lyu‡R cvIqvi cÖ‡Póv Av‡Q
ŸhLb ̄ ^í msL¨K wfbœgZ †cvlYKvixi ̀ „wó f½x e`jv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
Av‡jvPbvi myweavmg~n wb¤œiƒc
ŸAwfÁZvi fvMvfvwM
ŸcÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix Zvi wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb eyS‡Z cv‡i
ŸAv‡jvPbvq GK‡N‡qgx ̀ ~i nq
Ÿcvi¯úvwiK kª×v‡eva e„w× cvq|
Av‡jvPbvi ̀ ~e©j/ÿwZKi w`K¸‡jv n‡”Q
Ÿwelq m¤ú‡K© fv‡jv Ávb bv _vK‡j Av‡jvPbv djcÖm~ nq bv
ŸAv‡jvPbv ̄ ^ímsL¨K cÖwkÿYv_x©i g‡a¨ mxwgZ n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i
Ÿ†Kvb †Kvb cÖwkÿYv_©xi e³…Zv evwZ‡K AvµvšÍ n‡Z cv‡i
Ÿmgq †ekx †bqv jvM‡Z cv‡i
Ÿjÿ¨nxb Av‡jvPbvq Ah_v mgq e¨q n‡Z cv‡i|
Av‡jvPbvi mvdj¨ wbf©i K‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Ávb I eyw×i Dci| Z‡e Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ Aek¨B ch©vß mgq w`‡Z n‡e| welq hZ RwUj n‡e mgqI ZZ †ekx cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| mvaviYZ mKv‡ji w`‡K A_©vr †Kvb KvR nv‡Z †bqvi Av‡MB Av‡jvPbvq emv DwPZ|
nvg`j/†Rvov`j c×wZ
†ivj‡cø ev f~wgKvwfbq
f~wgKv`yÕR‡bi ̀ j‡K nvg`j/†Rvov`j e‡j| nvg`j me‡P‡q ÿz`ª ̀ j Ges ̀ yÕR‡bi ̀ ‡ji ZrciZvB nvg`j c×wZ|
c×wZ cwiPvjbvi avcmg~n
Ÿ†Rvovq †Rvovq ̀ j fvM Ki‡Z n‡e
Ÿwelq I mgq e‡j w`b (mgq 15-20 wgwb‡Ui †ewk nIqv DwPZ bq)
Ÿcvkvcvwk e‡mB †Rvovq KvR Ki‡Z ej‡Z n‡e
ŸhLb `j KvR Ki‡Z _vK‡e ZLb `j¸‡jv‡Z bZzb c‡q›U †hvM Ki‡Z bZzb aviYv ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z A_ev †h aviYv¸‡jv Av‡jvwPZ n‡”Q Zv mwVK wKbv hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ Ny‡i Ny‡i †`L‡Z n‡e
Ÿ`jxq KvR †kl n‡j mKj †Rvovi c‡q›U †kl bv nIqv ch©šÍ cÖwZ †Rvov †_‡K GKwU K‡i c‡q›U wb‡Z n‡e|
ŸGevi g~j c‡q›U I g~j w`Kmg~‡ni Ici Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e |
myweav
Ÿmgq Kg jv‡M
ŸAí mg‡qB mevi AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv hvq
ŸAí mg‡q A‡bK aviYv cvIqv hvq
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i emvi ̄ ’vb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq bv|
Amyweav
Ÿ†Rvov ̀ ‡ji m`m¨ mgch©v‡q bv n‡j GKRb Ab¨R‡bi Dci gZvgZ Pvwc‡q w`‡Z cv‡i
ŸAwfÁZv wewbg‡qi my‡hvM Kg
ŸGKB aviYvi cybive„wË NU‡Z cv‡i|
f~wgKv†ivj‡cø ev f~wgKvwfbq n‡”Q Ggb GKwU mswÿß KvVv‡gvMZ wµqv hv †Kvb ev¯Íe NUbv‡K ̀ yB ev Z‡ZvwaK AskMÖnYKvix Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb K‡i|
D‡Ïk¨wewfbœ cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i e¨w³ ev `‡j ev¯Íe ev Rxeb wfwËK mgm¨v wPwýZ I mgvav‡bi `ÿZv Ges AvZ¥-Dcjwä evov‡bv|
ev¯Íevqb avcf~wgKvwfbq Gi gva¨‡g mgm¨v wPwýZ ev mgm¨v mgvavb ev Zzjbvg~jK wPÎ wPwýZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Gi Dci wfwË K‡iB wb‡gœv³ avcmg~n ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡e|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 64 65
Av‡jvPbv†Kvb we‡kl D‡Ïk¨ mvg‡b †i‡L KwZcq cÖwkÿYv_x© hLb †Kvb mvaviY wel‡q Avjvc Av‡jvPbv K‡i ZLb Zv‡K ̀ jxq Av‡jvPbv e‡j| GLv‡b mvaviY welq ej‡Z mevi Drmvn Av‡Q Ggb welq‡K †evSv‡bv nq| KZRb wg‡j GK‡Î Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i A‡bK¸‡jv Dcv`v‡bi Dci| Z‡e G msL¨v 6 Gi Kg Ges 25 Gi AwaK nIqv evÂbxq bq| Giƒc Av‡jvPbv Aek¨B GKRb cÖwkÿ‡Ki †bZ…‡Z¡ n‡e| mnvqK Av‡jvPbv‡K djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨ wb‡RI Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Zvi f~wgKv Dc‡`kg~jK nIqv DwPZ|
Av‡jvPbv mvaviYZ: wbgœewY©Z †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq
Ÿ†hLv‡b mKj wkÿv_x©i Kv‡Q welqwU ̄ úó bq
Ÿ†hLv‡b cÖwkÿYv_x©‡`i †bZ…Z¡ wel‡q wkÿv †`qv nq
Ÿ†hLv‡b wPšÍvkw³ RvMÖZ Kivi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q
Ÿ†hLv‡b †Kvb mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Dcvq Lyu‡R cvIqvi cÖ‡Póv Av‡Q
ŸhLb ̄ ^í msL¨K wfbœgZ †cvlYKvixi ̀ „wó f½x e`jv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
Av‡jvPbvi myweavmg~n wb¤œiƒc
ŸAwfÁZvi fvMvfvwM
ŸcÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix Zvi wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb eyS‡Z cv‡i
ŸAv‡jvPbvq GK‡N‡qgx ̀ ~i nq
Ÿcvi¯úvwiK kª×v‡eva e„w× cvq|
Av‡jvPbvi ̀ ~e©j/ÿwZKi w`K¸‡jv n‡”Q
Ÿwelq m¤ú‡K© fv‡jv Ávb bv _vK‡j Av‡jvPbv djcÖm~ nq bv
ŸAv‡jvPbv ̄ ^ímsL¨K cÖwkÿYv_x©i g‡a¨ mxwgZ n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i
Ÿ†Kvb †Kvb cÖwkÿYv_©xi e³…Zv evwZ‡K AvµvšÍ n‡Z cv‡i
Ÿmgq †ekx †bqv jvM‡Z cv‡i
Ÿjÿ¨nxb Av‡jvPbvq Ah_v mgq e¨q n‡Z cv‡i|
Av‡jvPbvi mvdj¨ wbf©i K‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Ávb I eyw×i Dci| Z‡e Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ Aek¨B ch©vß mgq w`‡Z n‡e| welq hZ RwUj n‡e mgqI ZZ †ekx cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| mvaviYZ mKv‡ji w`‡K A_©vr †Kvb KvR nv‡Z †bqvi Av‡MB Av‡jvPbvq emv DwPZ|
nvg`j/†Rvov`j c×wZ
†ivj‡cø ev f~wgKvwfbq
f~wgKv`yÕR‡bi ̀ j‡K nvg`j/†Rvov`j e‡j| nvg`j me‡P‡q ÿz`ª ̀ j Ges ̀ yÕR‡bi ̀ ‡ji ZrciZvB nvg`j c×wZ|
c×wZ cwiPvjbvi avcmg~n
Ÿ†Rvovq †Rvovq ̀ j fvM Ki‡Z n‡e
Ÿwelq I mgq e‡j w`b (mgq 15-20 wgwb‡Ui †ewk nIqv DwPZ bq)
Ÿcvkvcvwk e‡mB †Rvovq KvR Ki‡Z ej‡Z n‡e
ŸhLb `j KvR Ki‡Z _vK‡e ZLb `j¸‡jv‡Z bZzb c‡q›U †hvM Ki‡Z bZzb aviYv ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z A_ev †h aviYv¸‡jv Av‡jvwPZ n‡”Q Zv mwVK wKbv hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ Ny‡i Ny‡i †`L‡Z n‡e
Ÿ`jxq KvR †kl n‡j mKj †Rvovi c‡q›U †kl bv nIqv ch©šÍ cÖwZ †Rvov †_‡K GKwU K‡i c‡q›U wb‡Z n‡e|
ŸGevi g~j c‡q›U I g~j w`Kmg~‡ni Ici Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e |
myweav
Ÿmgq Kg jv‡M
ŸAí mg‡qB mevi AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv hvq
ŸAí mg‡q A‡bK aviYv cvIqv hvq
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i emvi ̄ ’vb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq bv|
Amyweav
Ÿ†Rvov ̀ ‡ji m`m¨ mgch©v‡q bv n‡j GKRb Ab¨R‡bi Dci gZvgZ Pvwc‡q w`‡Z cv‡i
ŸAwfÁZv wewbg‡qi my‡hvM Kg
ŸGKB aviYvi cybive„wË NU‡Z cv‡i|
f~wgKv†ivj‡cø ev f~wgKvwfbq n‡”Q Ggb GKwU mswÿß KvVv‡gvMZ wµqv hv †Kvb ev¯Íe NUbv‡K ̀ yB ev Z‡ZvwaK AskMÖnYKvix Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb K‡i|
D‡Ïk¨wewfbœ cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i e¨w³ ev `‡j ev¯Íe ev Rxeb wfwËK mgm¨v wPwýZ I mgvav‡bi `ÿZv Ges AvZ¥-Dcjwä evov‡bv|
ev¯Íevqb avcf~wgKvwfbq Gi gva¨‡g mgm¨v wPwýZ ev mgm¨v mgvavb ev Zzjbvg~jK wPÎ wPwýZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Gi Dci wfwË K‡iB wb‡gœv³ avcmg~n ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡e|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 64 65
c~e©eZx©
Ÿwelq wbe©vPb;
ŸPwiÎ wbe©vPb;
ŸAwfbq wb‡`©wkKv ̂ Zwi;
ŸDcKiY Dbœqb (hw` cÖ‡qvRb nq);
PjvKvjxb
Ÿf~wgKv cÖ`vb;
Ÿch©‡eÿK wbe©vPb I KiYxq w`K e¨vL¨v;
Ÿ†ivj‡cø Dc¯’vcb;
Ÿch©‡eÿK‡`i gZvgZ AvnŸvb;
ŸgZvgZ mvaviYxKiY I mnvqZvKvixi BbcyU;
myweav
Ÿcvi¯úwiK m¤úK©, fveg~wZ©, ms‡e`bkxjZv Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ GwU GKwU djcÖm~ c×wZ;
ŸmnR I Kg LiP;
Ÿev¯Íe NUbv ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gZ Abyf~wZ m„wó nq;
Ÿmn‡RB AskMÖnYKvix‡`i DØy× Kiv hvq;
Ÿme ai‡Yi AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ e¨envi Kiv hvq;
Amyweav
Ÿh‡_ó mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb;
ŸD”P †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ I cvi`kx© wb‡`©k‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb nq;
ŸmwVK cÖ‡qv‡M e¨_© n‡j wecixZagx© AvPi‡Yi m¤¢vebv _v‡K;
ŸDc¯’vcbv mwVK bv n‡j KviI wbKU nvm¨Ki wKsev †Q‡jgx g‡b n‡Z cv‡i;
ŸcÖej Abyf~wZ m¤úbœ †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q Zvw”Qj¨ I cxov`vqK g‡b n‡Z cv‡i;
Ÿf~wgKv cvjbKvix Ges ch©‡eÿYKvix‡`i wK Ki‡Z n‡e †m m¤^‡Ü Zv‡`i‡K cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z h‡_ó mgq jv‡M|
f~wgKvwb‡`©wkZ Aa¨qb GKwU Ab¨Zg cÖwkÿY c×wZ| `jxq I GKK cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ GwU GKwU Kvh©Ki c×wZ| wbw`©ó mgqmxgvq GK ev GKvwaK wel‡qi Dci mnR‡eva¨ I mswÿß AvKv‡i ZË¡ I Z_¨ Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g ev Aa¨q‡bi gva¨‡g GKK ev ̀ jxq AskMÖnYKvix‡`i m¤¢ve¨ †ekxi fvM cÖ‡kœi DËi cÖ`vb K‡i †h wkÿY ev cÖwkÿY †`Iqv nq Zv‡K wb‡`©wkZ Aa¨qb e‡j| ms‡ÿ‡c ejv hvq, wbw`©ó c‡_ mywbw`©ó j‡ÿ¨ †Kvb welq wkÿ‡Yi †h c×wZ Zv‡K wb‡`©wkZ Aa¨qb ev MvB‡WW ÷vwW e‡j|
wb‡`©wkZ Aa¨qb (MvB‡WW ÷vwW)
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 66
myweav
Ÿwbw`©ó MwZc‡_ Av‡jvPbv Ae¨vnZ _v‡K|
Ÿ¯^í mg‡qi g‡a¨ wbw`©ó wel‡qi Dci GKvwaK aviYv mÂvwjZ Kiv hvq|
Ÿ¯^í mg‡q GKvwaK welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvq|
Ÿwbw`©ó wel‡qi Dci AskMÖnYKvix‡`i gb‡hvM †Kw›`ªf~Z Kiv m¤¢e nq|
Ÿ`jxq mn‡hvwMZv ev‡o|
Ÿwbw`©ó mg‡q KvswLZ D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Kiv hvq|
ŸGKK I ̀ jxq cÖwkÿY Dfq †ÿ‡Î e¨envi Kiv hvq|
ŸbZzb †Kvb aviYvi mv‡_ cwiwPZ nIqv hvq|
Amyweav
Ÿwbw`©ó welq e¯‘i Dci Av‡jvPbv mxgve× ivL‡Z nq|
Ÿmgch©v‡qi AskMÖnYKvixi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
Ÿwel‡qi evB‡i bZzb aviYv m„wói my‡hvM Kg|
cÖ‡qvM †ÿ‡Î
ŸGKK ev ̀ jxq wkÿY ev cÖwkÿ‡Y e¨envi Kiv hvq|
Ÿ`ÿZv welqK cÖwkÿ‡Y †ewk djcÖm~|
f~wgKv†h c×wZ‡Z †Kvb wbw`©ó wel‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cvi¯úwiK gZvgZ wewbgq Ges HK¨g‡Z¨i wfwˇZ wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ †QvU †QvU `‡j fvM K‡i Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv nq Zv‡KB †QvU `‡j Av‡jvPbv ejv nq| mvaviYZ 4 (Pvi) †_‡K 6 (Qq) Rb AskMÖnYKvix GKwU †QvU `‡j †Kvb wbw`©ó mgq ch©šÍ Av‡jvPbv K‡i wba©vwiZ welq m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i gZvgZ Dc¯’vcb K‡i _v‡K|
GB c×wZ cÖ‡qvM †ÿÎ
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i c~e© aviYvi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L bZzb aviYv Dc¯’vc‡bi †ÿ‡Î
Ÿ†Kvb wel‡qi KviY AbymÜvb, mgm¨v we‡kølY, mgvav‡bi Dcvq ev †KŠkj Luy‡R †ei Kivi †ÿ‡Î GB c×wZ Kvh©Ki|
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i wPšÍvkw³ I we‡kølY ÿgZv DbœZ Kivi Rb¨|
Ÿ†h †ÿ‡Î AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ̀ jxq MwZkxjZv I ̀ „wó fw½i cÖ‡qvRb|
Ÿ†hLv‡b AskMÖnYKvix‡`i mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY cÖ‡qvRb|
†QvU `‡j Av‡jvPbv (Small group Discussion)
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 67
c~e©eZx©
Ÿwelq wbe©vPb;
ŸPwiÎ wbe©vPb;
ŸAwfbq wb‡`©wkKv ̂ Zwi;
ŸDcKiY Dbœqb (hw` cÖ‡qvRb nq);
PjvKvjxb
Ÿf~wgKv cÖ`vb;
Ÿch©‡eÿK wbe©vPb I KiYxq w`K e¨vL¨v;
Ÿ†ivj‡cø Dc¯’vcb;
Ÿch©‡eÿK‡`i gZvgZ AvnŸvb;
ŸgZvgZ mvaviYxKiY I mnvqZvKvixi BbcyU;
myweav
Ÿcvi¯úwiK m¤úK©, fveg~wZ©, ms‡e`bkxjZv Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ GwU GKwU djcÖm~ c×wZ;
ŸmnR I Kg LiP;
Ÿev¯Íe NUbv ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gZ Abyf~wZ m„wó nq;
Ÿmn‡RB AskMÖnYKvix‡`i DØy× Kiv hvq;
Ÿme ai‡Yi AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ e¨envi Kiv hvq;
Amyweav
Ÿh‡_ó mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb;
ŸD”P †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ I cvi`kx© wb‡`©k‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb nq;
ŸmwVK cÖ‡qv‡M e¨_© n‡j wecixZagx© AvPi‡Yi m¤¢vebv _v‡K;
ŸDc¯’vcbv mwVK bv n‡j KviI wbKU nvm¨Ki wKsev †Q‡jgx g‡b n‡Z cv‡i;
ŸcÖej Abyf~wZ m¤úbœ †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q Zvw”Qj¨ I cxov`vqK g‡b n‡Z cv‡i;
Ÿf~wgKv cvjbKvix Ges ch©‡eÿYKvix‡`i wK Ki‡Z n‡e †m m¤^‡Ü Zv‡`i‡K cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z h‡_ó mgq jv‡M|
f~wgKvwb‡`©wkZ Aa¨qb GKwU Ab¨Zg cÖwkÿY c×wZ| `jxq I GKK cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ GwU GKwU Kvh©Ki c×wZ| wbw`©ó mgqmxgvq GK ev GKvwaK wel‡qi Dci mnR‡eva¨ I mswÿß AvKv‡i ZË¡ I Z_¨ Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g ev Aa¨q‡bi gva¨‡g GKK ev ̀ jxq AskMÖnYKvix‡`i m¤¢ve¨ †ekxi fvM cÖ‡kœi DËi cÖ`vb K‡i †h wkÿY ev cÖwkÿY †`Iqv nq Zv‡K wb‡`©wkZ Aa¨qb e‡j| ms‡ÿ‡c ejv hvq, wbw`©ó c‡_ mywbw`©ó j‡ÿ¨ †Kvb welq wkÿ‡Yi †h c×wZ Zv‡K wb‡`©wkZ Aa¨qb ev MvB‡WW ÷vwW e‡j|
wb‡`©wkZ Aa¨qb (MvB‡WW ÷vwW)
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 66
myweav
Ÿwbw`©ó MwZc‡_ Av‡jvPbv Ae¨vnZ _v‡K|
Ÿ¯^í mg‡qi g‡a¨ wbw`©ó wel‡qi Dci GKvwaK aviYv mÂvwjZ Kiv hvq|
Ÿ¯^í mg‡q GKvwaK welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvq|
Ÿwbw`©ó wel‡qi Dci AskMÖnYKvix‡`i gb‡hvM †Kw›`ªf~Z Kiv m¤¢e nq|
Ÿ`jxq mn‡hvwMZv ev‡o|
Ÿwbw`©ó mg‡q KvswLZ D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Kiv hvq|
ŸGKK I ̀ jxq cÖwkÿY Dfq †ÿ‡Î e¨envi Kiv hvq|
ŸbZzb †Kvb aviYvi mv‡_ cwiwPZ nIqv hvq|
Amyweav
Ÿwbw`©ó welq e¯‘i Dci Av‡jvPbv mxgve× ivL‡Z nq|
Ÿmgch©v‡qi AskMÖnYKvixi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
Ÿwel‡qi evB‡i bZzb aviYv m„wói my‡hvM Kg|
cÖ‡qvM †ÿ‡Î
ŸGKK ev ̀ jxq wkÿY ev cÖwkÿ‡Y e¨envi Kiv hvq|
Ÿ`ÿZv welqK cÖwkÿ‡Y †ewk djcÖm~|
f~wgKv†h c×wZ‡Z †Kvb wbw`©ó wel‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cvi¯úwiK gZvgZ wewbgq Ges HK¨g‡Z¨i wfwˇZ wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ †QvU †QvU `‡j fvM K‡i Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv nq Zv‡KB †QvU `‡j Av‡jvPbv ejv nq| mvaviYZ 4 (Pvi) †_‡K 6 (Qq) Rb AskMÖnYKvix GKwU †QvU `‡j †Kvb wbw`©ó mgq ch©šÍ Av‡jvPbv K‡i wba©vwiZ welq m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i gZvgZ Dc¯’vcb K‡i _v‡K|
GB c×wZ cÖ‡qvM †ÿÎ
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i c~e© aviYvi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L bZzb aviYv Dc¯’vc‡bi †ÿ‡Î
Ÿ†Kvb wel‡qi KviY AbymÜvb, mgm¨v we‡kølY, mgvav‡bi Dcvq ev †KŠkj Luy‡R †ei Kivi †ÿ‡Î GB c×wZ Kvh©Ki|
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i wPšÍvkw³ I we‡kølY ÿgZv DbœZ Kivi Rb¨|
Ÿ†h †ÿ‡Î AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ̀ jxq MwZkxjZv I ̀ „wó fw½i cÖ‡qvRb|
Ÿ†hLv‡b AskMÖnYKvix‡`i mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY cÖ‡qvRb|
†QvU `‡j Av‡jvPbv (Small group Discussion)
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 67
Awa‡ekb : 10
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : DcKiY
Dc-welq : DcKi‡Yi aviYv I aiY
DcKiY e¨env‡ii we‡eP¨ welqmg~n
cÖK‡í e¨eüZ nvBwRb welqK DcKiY
D‡Ïk¨ : DcKiY I Gi aiY m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
DcKiY e¨env‡ii we‡eP¨ welqmg~n m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
eZ©gvb cÖK‡í e¨eüZ DcKiY I Gi aiY m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi, †Rvov`j, cÖ`©kb
DcKiY : †evW© gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
mgq : 1 NÈv
c×wZ cwiPvjb cÖwµqv
c~e©eZx© KvRŸ`‡ji Kvh©vejx I D‡Ïk¨ mywbw`©ófv‡e D¯’vcb Kiv|
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i‡K wbw`©ó †QvU `‡j fvM Ki‡Z n‡e| (G †ÿ‡Î †Ljv RvZxq Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡gI `j fvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|)
Ÿ`‡j AskMÖnYKvix‡`i KvR mywbw`©ófv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z n‡e |
Ÿ`‡j mevB mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ mevB‡K AvnŸvb Rvbv‡Z n‡e|
Ÿ`jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wbw`©ó mgq wba©viY K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
ŸcÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e|
PjvKvjxbŸ`‡j Ny‡i Ny‡i ̀ jxq KvR ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ÿmevi AskMÖnY wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
ŸcÖ‡qvR‡b mnvqZv Ki‡Z n‡e |
Ÿ`‡j †bZv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z Ki‡Z n‡e|
cieZ©x KiYxqŸ †mk‡b wd‡i cÖwZ ̀ ‡ji ̀ j‡bZv‡K ̀ ‡ji gZvgZ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ÿ Ab¨ ̀ ‡ji gZvg‡Zi Dci Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM ̂ Zwi Ki‡Z n‡e |
Ÿ mKj ̀ ‡ji gZvg‡Zi wfwˇZ mvaviYxKiY Ki‡Z n‡e |
myweavmg~nŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i cvi¯úwiK gZvgZ I AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi my‡hvM N‡U|
ŸAskMÖnYKvixMY wb‡Ri AwfÁZv hvPvB Kivi my‡hvM cvq|
٠ekx aviYv cvIqv hvq|
Ÿ¯^xq hyw³ e¨vL¨vi my‡hvM m„wó nq|
ŸwbqgZvwš¿K Av‡jvPbv nq|
Ÿhyw³ Z‡K©i gva¨‡g Av‡jvP¨ wel‡qi Dci cwi¯‹vi aviYv cvIqv hvq|
Ÿ`jxq AvšÍwiKZv e„w× cvq|
Ÿ`jxq cwi‡ek AskMÖnYKvix‡`i AvZ¥wek¦vm e„wׇZ mnvqZv K‡i|
ŸA‡b¨i gZvg‡Zi cÖwZ mnbkxjZv ̂ Zwi nq|
ŸmK‡ji AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM m„wó nq|
Amyweavmg~nŸmgq †ekx jv‡M|
Ÿ`‡j weZK©/D‡ËRbv m„wó n‡Z cv‡i|
ŸAv‡jvPbv Ab¨ cÖm‡½ †h‡Z cv‡i|
ŸevowZ K‡ÿi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
ŸmnvqZvKvixI AskMÖnYKvix cÖ¯‘Z bv _vK‡j Av‡jvPbv wbtùj n‡Z cv‡i|
ŸAv‡jvPbv Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb AskMÖnYKvix ̀ vwqZ¡evb bvI n‡Z cv‡i|
Ÿ†KD †KD Av‡jvPbvq cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 68
Awa‡ekb : 10
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : DcKiY
Dc-welq : DcKi‡Yi aviYv I aiY
DcKiY e¨env‡ii we‡eP¨ welqmg~n
cÖK‡í e¨eüZ nvBwRb welqK DcKiY
D‡Ïk¨ : DcKiY I Gi aiY m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
DcKiY e¨env‡ii we‡eP¨ welqmg~n m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
eZ©gvb cÖK‡í e¨eüZ DcKiY I Gi aiY m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi, †Rvov`j, cÖ`©kb
DcKiY : †evW© gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
mgq : 1 NÈv
c×wZ cwiPvjb cÖwµqv
c~e©eZx© KvRŸ`‡ji Kvh©vejx I D‡Ïk¨ mywbw`©ófv‡e D¯’vcb Kiv|
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i‡K wbw`©ó †QvU `‡j fvM Ki‡Z n‡e| (G †ÿ‡Î †Ljv RvZxq Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡gI `j fvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|)
Ÿ`‡j AskMÖnYKvix‡`i KvR mywbw`©ófv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z n‡e |
Ÿ`‡j mevB mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ mevB‡K AvnŸvb Rvbv‡Z n‡e|
Ÿ`jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wbw`©ó mgq wba©viY K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
ŸcÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e|
PjvKvjxbŸ`‡j Ny‡i Ny‡i ̀ jxq KvR ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ÿmevi AskMÖnY wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
ŸcÖ‡qvR‡b mnvqZv Ki‡Z n‡e |
Ÿ`‡j †bZv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z Ki‡Z n‡e|
cieZ©x KiYxqŸ †mk‡b wd‡i cÖwZ ̀ ‡ji ̀ j‡bZv‡K ̀ ‡ji gZvgZ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ÿ Ab¨ ̀ ‡ji gZvg‡Zi Dci Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM ̂ Zwi Ki‡Z n‡e |
Ÿ mKj ̀ ‡ji gZvg‡Zi wfwˇZ mvaviYxKiY Ki‡Z n‡e |
myweavmg~nŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i cvi¯úwiK gZvgZ I AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi my‡hvM N‡U|
ŸAskMÖnYKvixMY wb‡Ri AwfÁZv hvPvB Kivi my‡hvM cvq|
٠ekx aviYv cvIqv hvq|
Ÿ¯^xq hyw³ e¨vL¨vi my‡hvM m„wó nq|
ŸwbqgZvwš¿K Av‡jvPbv nq|
Ÿhyw³ Z‡K©i gva¨‡g Av‡jvP¨ wel‡qi Dci cwi¯‹vi aviYv cvIqv hvq|
Ÿ`jxq AvšÍwiKZv e„w× cvq|
Ÿ`jxq cwi‡ek AskMÖnYKvix‡`i AvZ¥wek¦vm e„wׇZ mnvqZv K‡i|
ŸA‡b¨i gZvg‡Zi cÖwZ mnbkxjZv ̂ Zwi nq|
ŸmK‡ji AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM m„wó nq|
Amyweavmg~nŸmgq †ekx jv‡M|
Ÿ`‡j weZK©/D‡ËRbv m„wó n‡Z cv‡i|
ŸAv‡jvPbv Ab¨ cÖm‡½ †h‡Z cv‡i|
ŸevowZ K‡ÿi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
ŸmnvqZvKvixI AskMÖnYKvix cÖ¯‘Z bv _vK‡j Av‡jvPbv wbtùj n‡Z cv‡i|
ŸAv‡jvPbv Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb AskMÖnYKvix ̀ vwqZ¡evb bvI n‡Z cv‡i|
Ÿ†KD †KD Av‡jvPbvq cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 68
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 1mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wbKU Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb DcKiY ej‡Z Avgiv wK eywS Ges DcKi‡Yi aiY ev cÖKvi‡f` m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb| DËi †kvbvi ci mnvqK ej‡eb Avgv‡`i ejv Dˇii mv‡_ KZUzKz wgj Av‡Q Gevi Avgiv Zv †`‡L wbe| Zvici mnvqK gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g DcKiY I Gi aiY m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`‡eb|
avc 2DcKiY e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I we‡eP¨ welq¸wj Kx, Zv cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix‡K †Rvov`‡j fvM K‡i cÖwZwU `j‡K 2/1wU K‡i c‡q›Um& wjL‡Z ej‡eb| Zvici mnvqK mnvqZvKi‡Yi mv‡_ c×wZ, DcKiY cÖwkÿY, Iwi‡q›Ukb, nvBwRb †mkb, wgwUs, K¨vc GKwUi mv‡_ GKwU wKfv‡e m¤úwK©Z welq¸wj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| GKUvi mv‡_ GKUvi †hvMm~Î Kx cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Î mnvqZvKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb Ges mnvqZvKi‡Yi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ c×wZ I DcKiY m¤ú‡K ej‡eb| †h †Kvb †mkb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z †M‡jB mnvqZvKiY, c×wZ, DcKiY cÖwZwU welqB we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z nq hv wb‡q cÖwZwU †mkb c„_K c„_Kfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
avc 3mnvqK Gevi GB cÖK‡í †Kvb ai‡Yi DcKiY, Kv‡`i Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv n‡e, DcKiY e¨env‡ii mgq we‡eP¨ welqmg~n Kx Kx †m m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| Gev‡i mnvqK wmGjwc-BDwb‡md cÖK‡í †Kvb †Kvb DcKiY e¨envi Kiv n‡e, Zv Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb (D‡jøL¨ nvBwRb g‡Wj Dc¯’vc‡bi mgq Av‡jvPbv n‡q‡Q)| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i DËi †kvbvi ci mnvqK cÖwZwU Uzj&&m Gi bvg ej‡eb, †Kvb ai‡Yi DcKiY Zv ej‡eb, Kv‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ I e¨envi wewa Kx n‡e Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| cwi‡k‡l mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Ki‡eb mnvqK|
cÖkœ DËi Av‡jvPbv
†Rvov`j I Av‡jvPbv
Av‡jvPbv I cÖ`k©b
15 wgwbU
15 wgwbU
30 wgwbU
gvwëwgwWqv
gvwëwgwWqv
gvwëwgwWqv
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv DcKiYwelq‡K mnR, cÖvYešÍ, †evaMg¨ I AvK©lYxq Kivi Rb¨ †hme mnvqK mvgMÖx e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K DcKiY ejv nq|
DcKiY Gi aiY/cÖKvi‡f`| DcKiY‡K cÖavbZ: wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| †hgb-
1. ̀ k©b DcKiY†h DcKiY ïaygvÎ †`Lv hvq Ges hv †`wL‡q e³e¨‡K we‡kølY Kiv nq Zv‡K `k©b DcKiY ejv nq| †hgb- cvIqvi c‡q›U †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb, d¬vm KvW©, †cv÷vi|
2. kÖeY DcKiY†Kvb †Kvb DcKiY †_‡K ïaygvÎ kÖeY Kivi my‡hvM Av‡Q Ges kÖe‡Yi gva¨‡gB welq we‡kølY Kiv nq Zv‡K kÖeY DcKiY ejv| †hgb- †iwWI, K¨v‡mU †iKW©vi, jvDW w¯úKvi|
3. kÖeY I ̀ k©b DcKiY†h mKj DcKiY kÖeY Kiv hvq I cvkvcvwk ̀ k©bI Kiv hvq Zv‡K kÖeY I ̀ k©b DcKiY ejv nq| hw`I GB DcKiY me‡P‡q †ekx Kvh©Ki Zey ev¯Í‡e Gi cÖ‡qv‡M bvbvwea Amyweav Av‡Q| †hgb- wfwWI, wUwf, wm‡bgv, w_‡qUvi|
GQvovI DcKiY‡K Avevi ̀ yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v:
1. RxešÍ: †h mKj DcKi‡Yi Rxeb Av‡Q hv cÖK…wZ‡Z Rb¥vq, cÖPyi cwigv‡Y cvIqv hvq Zv‡K RxešÍ DcKiY e‡j| †hgb- MvQ, gvwU, cvwb|
2. cÖ¯ÍyZK…Z: hv cÖ‡qvR‡b ̂ Zwi K‡i welq‡K Av‡iv A_©en, djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡K cÖ¯ÍyZK„Z DcKiY e‡j| †hgb- d¬vm KvW©, †cv÷vi wfwWI, wm‡bgv|
DcKiY †Kb e¨envi Kiv nq ev cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
ŸcÖwkÿY/†mkb/ wgwUs‡K djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨
Ÿwelq‡K mnR Kivi Rb¨
Ÿmgq mvkª‡qi Rb¨
ŸwkÿY‡K ̄ ’vqx Kivi Rb¨
ŸwkÿY‡K MvBW Kivi Rb¨
Ÿwelq‡K †evaMg¨ Kivi Rb¨
Ÿwelq‡K MÖnY‡hvM¨ Kivi Rb¨
ŸwkÿY‡K AvKl©Yxq I cÖvYešÍ Kivi Rb¨
ŸwkÿY welq‡K ev¯Íe Kivi Rb¨
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 70 71
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 1mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wbKU Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb DcKiY ej‡Z Avgiv wK eywS Ges DcKi‡Yi aiY ev cÖKvi‡f` m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb| DËi †kvbvi ci mnvqK ej‡eb Avgv‡`i ejv Dˇii mv‡_ KZUzKz wgj Av‡Q Gevi Avgiv Zv †`‡L wbe| Zvici mnvqK gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g DcKiY I Gi aiY m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`‡eb|
avc 2DcKiY e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I we‡eP¨ welq¸wj Kx, Zv cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix‡K †Rvov`‡j fvM K‡i cÖwZwU `j‡K 2/1wU K‡i c‡q›Um& wjL‡Z ej‡eb| Zvici mnvqK mnvqZvKi‡Yi mv‡_ c×wZ, DcKiY cÖwkÿY, Iwi‡q›Ukb, nvBwRb †mkb, wgwUs, K¨vc GKwUi mv‡_ GKwU wKfv‡e m¤úwK©Z welq¸wj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| GKUvi mv‡_ GKUvi †hvMm~Î Kx cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Î mnvqZvKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb Ges mnvqZvKi‡Yi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ c×wZ I DcKiY m¤ú‡K ej‡eb| †h †Kvb †mkb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z †M‡jB mnvqZvKiY, c×wZ, DcKiY cÖwZwU welqB we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z nq hv wb‡q cÖwZwU †mkb c„_K c„_Kfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
avc 3mnvqK Gevi GB cÖK‡í †Kvb ai‡Yi DcKiY, Kv‡`i Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv n‡e, DcKiY e¨env‡ii mgq we‡eP¨ welqmg~n Kx Kx †m m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| Gev‡i mnvqK wmGjwc-BDwb‡md cÖK‡í †Kvb †Kvb DcKiY e¨envi Kiv n‡e, Zv Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb (D‡jøL¨ nvBwRb g‡Wj Dc¯’vc‡bi mgq Av‡jvPbv n‡q‡Q)| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i DËi †kvbvi ci mnvqK cÖwZwU Uzj&&m Gi bvg ej‡eb, †Kvb ai‡Yi DcKiY Zv ej‡eb, Kv‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ I e¨envi wewa Kx n‡e Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| cwi‡k‡l mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Ki‡eb mnvqK|
cÖkœ DËi Av‡jvPbv
†Rvov`j I Av‡jvPbv
Av‡jvPbv I cÖ`k©b
15 wgwbU
15 wgwbU
30 wgwbU
gvwëwgwWqv
gvwëwgwWqv
gvwëwgwWqv
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv DcKiYwelq‡K mnR, cÖvYešÍ, †evaMg¨ I AvK©lYxq Kivi Rb¨ †hme mnvqK mvgMÖx e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K DcKiY ejv nq|
DcKiY Gi aiY/cÖKvi‡f`| DcKiY‡K cÖavbZ: wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| †hgb-
1. ̀ k©b DcKiY†h DcKiY ïaygvÎ †`Lv hvq Ges hv †`wL‡q e³e¨‡K we‡kølY Kiv nq Zv‡K `k©b DcKiY ejv nq| †hgb- cvIqvi c‡q›U †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb, d¬vm KvW©, †cv÷vi|
2. kÖeY DcKiY†Kvb †Kvb DcKiY †_‡K ïaygvÎ kÖeY Kivi my‡hvM Av‡Q Ges kÖe‡Yi gva¨‡gB welq we‡kølY Kiv nq Zv‡K kÖeY DcKiY ejv| †hgb- †iwWI, K¨v‡mU †iKW©vi, jvDW w¯úKvi|
3. kÖeY I ̀ k©b DcKiY†h mKj DcKiY kÖeY Kiv hvq I cvkvcvwk ̀ k©bI Kiv hvq Zv‡K kÖeY I ̀ k©b DcKiY ejv nq| hw`I GB DcKiY me‡P‡q †ekx Kvh©Ki Zey ev¯Í‡e Gi cÖ‡qv‡M bvbvwea Amyweav Av‡Q| †hgb- wfwWI, wUwf, wm‡bgv, w_‡qUvi|
GQvovI DcKiY‡K Avevi ̀ yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v:
1. RxešÍ: †h mKj DcKi‡Yi Rxeb Av‡Q hv cÖK…wZ‡Z Rb¥vq, cÖPyi cwigv‡Y cvIqv hvq Zv‡K RxešÍ DcKiY e‡j| †hgb- MvQ, gvwU, cvwb|
2. cÖ¯ÍyZK…Z: hv cÖ‡qvR‡b ̂ Zwi K‡i welq‡K Av‡iv A_©en, djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡K cÖ¯ÍyZK„Z DcKiY e‡j| †hgb- d¬vm KvW©, †cv÷vi wfwWI, wm‡bgv|
DcKiY †Kb e¨envi Kiv nq ev cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
ŸcÖwkÿY/†mkb/ wgwUs‡K djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨
Ÿwelq‡K mnR Kivi Rb¨
Ÿmgq mvkª‡qi Rb¨
ŸwkÿY‡K ̄ ’vqx Kivi Rb¨
ŸwkÿY‡K MvBW Kivi Rb¨
Ÿwelq‡K †evaMg¨ Kivi Rb¨
Ÿwelq‡K MÖnY‡hvM¨ Kivi Rb¨
ŸwkÿY‡K AvKl©Yxq I cÖvYešÍ Kivi Rb¨
ŸwkÿY welq‡K ev¯Íe Kivi Rb¨
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 70 71
DcKiY wbe©vP‡bi kZ©vejx
ŸcÖwkÿ‡Yi /D‡Ïk¨ ev welqe¯‘
Ÿmgq
ŸDcKiY e¨env‡ii ̀ ÿZv
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i aiY
Ÿ†fŠZ myweavw`
Ÿev‡RU
ŸGjvKvi g~j¨‡eva, wek¦vm
cÖK‡í e¨eüZ DcKi‡Yi aiYAvgv‡`i GB cÖK‡í †h ai‡Yi DcKiY e¨envi Kiv n‡e| †hgb: cU, d¬vm KvW©, f~wgKvwfbq (iwe-ivYx), kc_ †evW©, †jvK msMxZ|
DcKi‡Yi bvg DcKi‡Yi aiY hv‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨
cU, d¬vm KvW©, †cv÷vi, kc_ †evW©
iwe-ivYx
†iwWI- hw`I eZ©gv‡b cÖK‡í GB ai‡Yi DcKiY e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q bv
`k©b
kÖeY I `k©b
kÖeY
gv, wkï, wK‡kvix, wfwWwm wjWvi
we‡kl K‡i wkï Z‡e KwgDwbwUi mevB †`L‡Z I ïb‡Z cvi‡e
Avgiv †hfv‡e wkwL
Ÿ¯^v`/wRnŸvi gva¨‡g 1%
Ÿ¯ú‡k©i gva¨‡g 2%
ŸM‡Üi gva¨‡g 3%
Ÿ†kvbvi gva¨‡g 11%
Ÿ†`Lvi gva¨‡g 83%
Ÿ100 fv‡Mi 10 fvM wkwL c‡o
Ÿ100 fv‡Mi 20 fvM wkwL ï‡b
Ÿ100 fv‡Mi 30 fvM wkwL †`‡L
Ÿ100 fv‡Mi 60 fvM wkwL †`‡L I ï‡b
Ÿ100 fv‡Mi 80 fvM wkwL e‡j
Ÿ100 fv‡Mi 90 fvM wkwL e‡j Ges K‡i
Awa‡ekb : 11
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm DcKiY I c×wZi Abykxjb I cÖ`k©bx (Demonstration)
Dc-welq : ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm welqK Bmy
†mkb cwiPvjbv
D‡Ïk¨ : ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm welqK Bmy Abykxjb Kivi Rb¨ ̀ j MVb Ki‡eb
¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm †mkb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, Abykxjb, cÖ`k©b
DcKiY : †jvK msMxZ, cU, kc_ †evW©, d¬vm KvW© (iwe-ivYx), w÷Kvi I †jvK msMxZ w¯ŒÞ
mgq : 6 NÈv = 360 wgwbU (`j fvM I cÖ¯‘wZ 35 wgwbU + cÖwZwU †mkb 30 X 5 = 150 wgwbU) + cÖwZwU wdWe¨vK †mkb 10 X 5= 50 wgwbU, cybivq †mkb cÖwZwU †mkb 20 X 5 = 100 wgwbU + wdWe¨vK †mkb = 1 NÈv) = 360 wgwbU|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 72
DcKiY wbe©vP‡bi kZ©vejx
ŸcÖwkÿ‡Yi /D‡Ïk¨ ev welqe¯‘
Ÿmgq
ŸDcKiY e¨env‡ii ̀ ÿZv
ŸAskMÖnYKvix‡`i aiY
Ÿ†fŠZ myweavw`
Ÿev‡RU
ŸGjvKvi g~j¨‡eva, wek¦vm
cÖK‡í e¨eüZ DcKi‡Yi aiYAvgv‡`i GB cÖK‡í †h ai‡Yi DcKiY e¨envi Kiv n‡e| †hgb: cU, d¬vm KvW©, f~wgKvwfbq (iwe-ivYx), kc_ †evW©, †jvK msMxZ|
DcKi‡Yi bvg DcKi‡Yi aiY hv‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨
cU, d¬vm KvW©, †cv÷vi, kc_ †evW©
iwe-ivYx
†iwWI- hw`I eZ©gv‡b cÖK‡í GB ai‡Yi DcKiY e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q bv
`k©b
kÖeY I `k©b
kÖeY
gv, wkï, wK‡kvix, wfwWwm wjWvi
we‡kl K‡i wkï Z‡e KwgDwbwUi mevB †`L‡Z I ïb‡Z cvi‡e
Avgiv †hfv‡e wkwL
Ÿ¯^v`/wRnŸvi gva¨‡g 1%
Ÿ¯ú‡k©i gva¨‡g 2%
ŸM‡Üi gva¨‡g 3%
Ÿ†kvbvi gva¨‡g 11%
Ÿ†`Lvi gva¨‡g 83%
Ÿ100 fv‡Mi 10 fvM wkwL c‡o
Ÿ100 fv‡Mi 20 fvM wkwL ï‡b
Ÿ100 fv‡Mi 30 fvM wkwL †`‡L
Ÿ100 fv‡Mi 60 fvM wkwL †`‡L I ï‡b
Ÿ100 fv‡Mi 80 fvM wkwL e‡j
Ÿ100 fv‡Mi 90 fvM wkwL e‡j Ges K‡i
Awa‡ekb : 11
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm DcKiY I c×wZi Abykxjb I cÖ`k©bx (Demonstration)
Dc-welq : ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm welqK Bmy
†mkb cwiPvjbv
D‡Ïk¨ : ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm welqK Bmy Abykxjb Kivi Rb¨ ̀ j MVb Ki‡eb
¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm †mkb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, Abykxjb, cÖ`k©b
DcKiY : †jvK msMxZ, cU, kc_ †evW©, d¬vm KvW© (iwe-ivYx), w÷Kvi I †jvK msMxZ w¯ŒÞ
mgq : 6 NÈv = 360 wgwbU (`j fvM I cÖ¯‘wZ 35 wgwbU + cÖwZwU †mkb 30 X 5 = 150 wgwbU) + cÖwZwU wdWe¨vK †mkb 10 X 5= 50 wgwbU, cybivq †mkb cÖwZwU †mkb 20 X 5 = 100 wgwbU + wdWe¨vK †mkb = 1 NÈv) = 360 wgwbU|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 72
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 1mnvqK 5wU Bmy I P¨v‡bj Abyhvqx mKj AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 5wU `‡j fvM Ki‡eb| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K †mkb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY mieivn Ki‡eb|
Bmy P¨v‡bj DcKiY
m¨vwb‡Ukb wmwWI, wfGmI/ cU¯^v¯’¨/cywó Kg©x/
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix, gv
wbivc` cvwb I wmwWI, wfGmI/ cU¯^v¯’¨/cywó Kg©x/
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix, gv
cwi‡ekMZ cwi”QbœZv wmwWI, wfGmI/ cU¯^v¯’¨/cywó Kg©x/
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix, gv
nvZ †avqv wmwWI, wfGmI/ cU¯^v¯’¨/cywó Kg©x/ f~wgKvwfbq d¬vm
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix/wkï KvW© (iwe ivYx)
FZzKvjxb ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm wmwWI, wfGmI/ cU¯^v¯’¨/cywóKgx©wK‡kvix/gv
mnvqK DcKiY Gi gva¨‡g ̄ ^v¯’¨/cywó Kg©x/wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix ̀ ‡ji 3wU †mkb wb‡R K‡i †`Lv‡eb| Gici cÖ‡Z¨K ̀ j‡K Bmy Abyhvqx †mkb †W‡gv‡bm‡UªU K‡i †`Lv‡Z ej‡eb Zvi Av‡M mnvqK cÖ¯‘wZi Rb¨ 30 wgwbU mgq †`‡eb|
avc 2cÖ‡Z¨K `j Zv‡`i Bmy I P¨v‡bj Abyhvqx †mkb †W‡gv‡bm‡UªU Ki‡eb| †mkb †k‡l Ab¨vb¨ `j fvj Ges Dbœqb‡hvM¨ w`K wb‡q wdWe¨vK †`‡eb| Gfv‡e ch©vqµ‡g cÖwZwU ̀ j Zv‡`i ̀ vwqZ¡ cÖvß Bmy †W‡gv‡bm‡UªU Ki‡eb I wdWe¨vK MÖnY Ki‡eb|
avc 3G c‡e© Avev‡iv mKj `j ch©vqµ‡g Bmy I P¨v‡bj Abyhvqx Bmy †W‡gv‡bm‡UªU Ki‡eb I wdWe¨vK MÖnY Ki‡eb| Zvici mnvqK †mkb †k‡l cÖ‡qvRbxq Dbœq‡bi civgk© cÖ`vb K‡i mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbv, AbykxjY, cÖ`k©b
6 NÈv †jvK msMxZ, cU, kc_ †evW©, d¬vm KvW© (iwe-ivYx), w÷Kvi I †jvK msMxZ w¯ŒÞ
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv Awa‡ekb : 12
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : mgvcbx
D‡Ïk¨ : Av‡jvP¨ welqmg~n cybiv‡jvPbv I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
cÖwkÿY cÖZ¨vkvc~iY n‡q‡Q Zv hvPvB Kiv hv‡e
cÖwkÿ‡Yi wkÿY, cÖwkÿ‡Yi mej I ̀ ye©j w`K m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hv‡e
cÖwkÿ‡Yi mgvwß †NvlYv Kiv n‡e
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ-DËi, e³…Zv
mgq : 1 NÈv
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 74
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 1mnvqK 5wU Bmy I P¨v‡bj Abyhvqx mKj AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 5wU `‡j fvM Ki‡eb| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K †mkb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY mieivn Ki‡eb|
Bmy P¨v‡bj DcKiY
m¨vwb‡Ukb wmwWI, wfGmI/ cU¯^v¯’¨/cywó Kg©x/
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix, gv
wbivc` cvwb I wmwWI, wfGmI/ cU¯^v¯’¨/cywó Kg©x/
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix, gv
cwi‡ekMZ cwi”QbœZv wmwWI, wfGmI/ cU¯^v¯’¨/cywó Kg©x/
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix, gv
nvZ †avqv wmwWI, wfGmI/ cU¯^v¯’¨/cywó Kg©x/ f~wgKvwfbq d¬vm
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix/wkï KvW© (iwe ivYx)
FZzKvjxb ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm wmwWI, wfGmI/ cU¯^v¯’¨/cywóKgx©wK‡kvix/gv
mnvqK DcKiY Gi gva¨‡g ̄ ^v¯’¨/cywó Kg©x/wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix ̀ ‡ji 3wU †mkb wb‡R K‡i †`Lv‡eb| Gici cÖ‡Z¨K ̀ j‡K Bmy Abyhvqx †mkb †W‡gv‡bm‡UªU K‡i †`Lv‡Z ej‡eb Zvi Av‡M mnvqK cÖ¯‘wZi Rb¨ 30 wgwbU mgq †`‡eb|
avc 2cÖ‡Z¨K `j Zv‡`i Bmy I P¨v‡bj Abyhvqx †mkb †W‡gv‡bm‡UªU Ki‡eb| †mkb †k‡l Ab¨vb¨ `j fvj Ges Dbœqb‡hvM¨ w`K wb‡q wdWe¨vK †`‡eb| Gfv‡e ch©vqµ‡g cÖwZwU ̀ j Zv‡`i ̀ vwqZ¡ cÖvß Bmy †W‡gv‡bm‡UªU Ki‡eb I wdWe¨vK MÖnY Ki‡eb|
avc 3G c‡e© Avev‡iv mKj `j ch©vqµ‡g Bmy I P¨v‡bj Abyhvqx Bmy †W‡gv‡bm‡UªU Ki‡eb I wdWe¨vK MÖnY Ki‡eb| Zvici mnvqK †mkb †k‡l cÖ‡qvRbxq Dbœq‡bi civgk© cÖ`vb K‡i mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbv, AbykxjY, cÖ`k©b
6 NÈv †jvK msMxZ, cU, kc_ †evW©, d¬vm KvW© (iwe-ivYx), w÷Kvi I †jvK msMxZ w¯ŒÞ
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv Awa‡ekb : 12
Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg : mgvcbx
D‡Ïk¨ : Av‡jvP¨ welqmg~n cybiv‡jvPbv I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
cÖwkÿY cÖZ¨vkvc~iY n‡q‡Q Zv hvPvB Kiv hv‡e
cÖwkÿ‡Yi wkÿY, cÖwkÿ‡Yi mej I ̀ ye©j w`K m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hv‡e
cÖwkÿ‡Yi mgvwß †NvlYv Kiv n‡e
c×wZ : Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ-DËi, e³…Zv
mgq : 1 NÈv
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 74
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 1mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ ej‡eb Avgiv cÖwkÿ‡Yi †kl ch©v‡q P‡j G‡mwQ, Gevi Avgiv Av‡jvPbv Kie 3 w`‡bi Av‡jvP¨ mKj welq wb‡q| G ch©v‡q mnvqK cÖwkÿY m~Px Abyhvqx cÖkœ-Dˇii gva¨‡g m¤ú~Y© †Kv‡m©i Av‡jvP¨ welq mswÿß AvKv‡i cybiv‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
avc 2Gev‡i cÖwkÿY cieZ©x g~j¨vqbcÎ mKj AskMÖnYKvix‡`i w`‡eb| 10 wgwbU mg‡qi gv‡a¨ AskMÖnYKvixMY g~j¨vqbcÎ c~iY Ki‡eb|
avc 3Gev‡i mnvqK cÖZ¨vkv¸wj wgwj‡q †`L‡eb †Kv‡m©i mv‡_ m¤ú„³ cÖZ¨vkvmg~n c~iY n‡q‡Q wKbv, Avi †h¸wj c~iY nq bvB Zv †Kb nq bvB ev †Kv‡m©i mv‡_ msMwZ c~Y© bq wKsev Ab¨ †Kvb KviY _vK‡j Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
avc 4AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ga¨ †_‡K 2 Rb‡K cÖwkÿ‡Yi mej, `ye©j Ges wkÿYxq welq ejvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Ki‡eb, Gi evB‡i Av‡iv †KD ej‡Z PvB‡j ejvi my‡hvM w`‡eb mnvqK|
mnvqK Gevi cÖwkÿ‡Y Dcw¯’Z wewfbœ †÷K‡nvìvi cÿ †_‡K AvMZ AwZw_e„›`‡`i ejvi Rb¨ Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡eb Ges Avgwš¿Z AwZw_i ga¨ †_‡K †KD GKRb AvbyôvwbKfv‡e cÖwkÿ‡Yi mgvwß †NvlYv Ki‡eb|
cÖk DËi, Av‡jvPbv
Abykxjb
Av‡jvPbv
Av‡jvPbv Abykxjb
25 wgwbU
10 wgwbU
10 wgwbU
15 wgwbU
gvwëwgwWqv
cÖwkÿY cieZ©x g~j¨vqb
-
-
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv
†bvU: cÖwkÿY MÖnY †k‡l wb‡¤œi MvBW jvBb/wb‡`©wkKvi mnvqZvq gvV ch©v‡hi Kg©xe„›` KwgDwbwU‡Z wewfbœ `‡ji mv‡_ nvBwRb †mkb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mnvqK m~Î
ŸRvZxq ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmvi †KŠkjcÎ 2012
Ÿ†kIqvex cÖK‡íi ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb I cwi¯‹vi cwi”QbœZv (nvBwRb cÖ‡gvkb) welqK wb‡`©wkKv
ŸnvBwRb cÖ‡gvkb MvBWjvBb-GwcÖj 2006-IqvUviGBW evsjv‡`k
Ÿbvix‡`i FZzKvjxb ̄ ^v¯’¨ cwiPh©v mnvwqKv-†m‡Þ¤^i 2005-IqvUviGBW evsjv‡`k
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x‡`i Rb¨nvBwRb †mkb cwiPvjbvi wb‡`©wkKv
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 76
Integration and facilitation of hygiene behavioural change interventions in the Chars Livelihoods Programme (CLP) in the 8 districts
cÖwµqv c×wZ mgq DcKiY
avc 1mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ ej‡eb Avgiv cÖwkÿ‡Yi †kl ch©v‡q P‡j G‡mwQ, Gevi Avgiv Av‡jvPbv Kie 3 w`‡bi Av‡jvP¨ mKj welq wb‡q| G ch©v‡q mnvqK cÖwkÿY m~Px Abyhvqx cÖkœ-Dˇii gva¨‡g m¤ú~Y© †Kv‡m©i Av‡jvP¨ welq mswÿß AvKv‡i cybiv‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
avc 2Gev‡i cÖwkÿY cieZ©x g~j¨vqbcÎ mKj AskMÖnYKvix‡`i w`‡eb| 10 wgwbU mg‡qi gv‡a¨ AskMÖnYKvixMY g~j¨vqbcÎ c~iY Ki‡eb|
avc 3Gev‡i mnvqK cÖZ¨vkv¸wj wgwj‡q †`L‡eb †Kv‡m©i mv‡_ m¤ú„³ cÖZ¨vkvmg~n c~iY n‡q‡Q wKbv, Avi †h¸wj c~iY nq bvB Zv †Kb nq bvB ev †Kv‡m©i mv‡_ msMwZ c~Y© bq wKsev Ab¨ †Kvb KviY _vK‡j Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
avc 4AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ga¨ †_‡K 2 Rb‡K cÖwkÿ‡Yi mej, `ye©j Ges wkÿYxq welq ejvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Ki‡eb, Gi evB‡i Av‡iv †KD ej‡Z PvB‡j ejvi my‡hvM w`‡eb mnvqK|
mnvqK Gevi cÖwkÿ‡Y Dcw¯’Z wewfbœ †÷K‡nvìvi cÿ †_‡K AvMZ AwZw_e„›`‡`i ejvi Rb¨ Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡eb Ges Avgwš¿Z AwZw_i ga¨ †_‡K †KD GKRb AvbyôvwbKfv‡e cÖwkÿ‡Yi mgvwß †NvlYv Ki‡eb|
cÖk DËi, Av‡jvPbv
Abykxjb
Av‡jvPbv
Av‡jvPbv Abykxjb
25 wgwbU
10 wgwbU
10 wgwbU
15 wgwbU
gvwëwgwWqv
cÖwkÿY cieZ©x g~j¨vqb
-
-
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv
†bvU: cÖwkÿY MÖnY †k‡l wb‡¤œi MvBW jvBb/wb‡`©wkKvi mnvqZvq gvV ch©v‡hi Kg©xe„›` KwgDwbwU‡Z wewfbœ `‡ji mv‡_ nvBwRb †mkb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mnvqK m~Î
ŸRvZxq ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmvi †KŠkjcÎ 2012
Ÿ†kIqvex cÖK‡íi ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb I cwi¯‹vi cwi”QbœZv (nvBwRb cÖ‡gvkb) welqK wb‡`©wkKv
ŸnvBwRb cÖ‡gvkb MvBWjvBb-GwcÖj 2006-IqvUviGBW evsjv‡`k
Ÿbvix‡`i FZzKvjxb ̄ ^v¯’¨ cwiPh©v mnvwqKv-†m‡Þ¤^i 2005-IqvUviGBW evsjv‡`k
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x‡`i Rb¨nvBwRb †mkb cwiPvjbvi wb‡`©wkKv
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 76
Integration and facilitation of hygiene behavioural change interventions in the Chars Livelihoods Programme (CLP) in the 8 districts
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x‡`i Rb¨nvBwRb †mkb cwiPvjbvi wb‡`©wkKv
Integration and facilitation of hygiene behavioural change interventions in the Chars Livelihoods Programme (CLP) in the 8 districts
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x‡`i Rb¨nvBwRb †mkb cwiPvjbvi wb‡`©wkKv
Integration and facilitation of hygiene behavioural change interventions in the Chars Livelihoods Programme (CLP) in the 8 districts
gvVKg©x‡`i Rb¨ †bvU
ŸGKRb gvVKg©x †gvU 5wU Bmy wb‡q †mkb cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb we‡kl K‡i wfwWwm m`m¨, g~j AskMÖnYKvix cwievi/gv `‡j, wK‡kvix I wK‡kvi ̀ ‡j|
ŸmvaviYZ: 1wU Bmy wb‡q cÖwZwU ̀ ‡j GKevi †mkb Kiv n‡e, Z‡e wmwWI, ̄ ^v¯’¨ ev cywó Kg©xMY Lvbv cwi`k©b Kivi mgq hw` g‡b K‡i BmywU wb‡q Avevi `‡ji mv‡_ †mkb Ki‡Z n‡e Zvn‡j wmwWI, ¯^v¯’¨ ev cywó Kg©xMY Zv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Ÿg~j AskMÖnYKvix, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix/wfwWwm m`m¨‡`i wgwUsG BmywfwËK gwbUwis di‡gU c~i‡Yi Rb¨ AbvbyôvwbK Iwi‡q›Ukb Gi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡e| Iwi‡q›Ukb MÖnY Kivi ci †Kvi gwbUiMY 15wU Lvbvq BmywfwËK evZ©v Dci gwbUwis Ki‡e †h- KwgDwbwUi RbMY mwVKfv‡e ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cvjb Ki‡Q wKbv|
ŸGKwU Bmyi evZ©vmg~n cÖwZwU ̀ ‡j nvBwRb g‡W‡j D‡jøwLZ wbw`©ó msL¨K gvme¨vcx Pj‡e| wmwWI, wfGmI, ̄ ^v¯’¨ ev cywó Kg©xMY Lvbv cwi`k©b Kivi gva¨‡g †`L‡e evZ©v¸wj mwVK Ges h_vh_fv‡e cvwjZ n‡”Q wKbv Ges Bmyi evZ©vmg~n KwgDwbwU‡Z Af¨v‡m cwiYZ n‡q‡Q wKbv| Z‡e mswkøó wmwWI, wfGmI, ¯^v¯’¨ ev cywó Kg©x‡`i wbweo ch©‡eÿ‡Y _vK‡Z n‡e †hb 4 gv‡mi g‡a¨ Aek¨B KwgDwbwUi RbMY Af¨vm¸‡jv iß Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
Ÿ†mkb cwiPvjbvi mgq wmwWI, wfGmI, ̄ ^v¯’¨ ev cywó Kg©xMY ev¯ÍeZvi Kvi‡Y mgq Kg †ekx Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
ŸwmwWI, wfGmI, ̄ ^v¯’¨ ev cywó Kg©xMY cÖ_g †mk‡bi mgq Ôgj I cvwbevwnZ †ivM, gj I cvwbevwnZ †ivM I ̀ wi`ª Pµ, †iv‡Mi Rb¨ e¨q, gj wKfv‡e gy‡L hvq, gj †_‡K gy‡L RxevYy cÖ‡e‡ki c‡_ evavmg~nÕ welq¸wj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
ŸGB mnvwqKvi mv‡_ DcKiY e¨env‡ii mvaviY wbqgvejx ev wewagvjv Av‡Q hv AbymiY K‡i wmwWI, wfGmI, ̄ ^v¯’¨ ev cywó Kg©xMY mn‡RB †mkb‡K AvKl©Yxq I Avb›``vqK Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 80 81
DcKiY e¨envi mnvwqKvnvBwRb cÖ‡gvkb MvBW jvB‡b †gvU 5wU Bmyi 20wU evZ©v Av‡Q| GB evZ©vmg~n wewfbœ gva¨‡g gv-evev, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix I MY gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qv Ges ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ 5wU DcKiY e¨envi Kiv n‡e| D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv Pievmx gvby‡li ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cwieZ©b Kiv| ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ DcKiY¸‡jv n‡jv:
1. †jvK msMxZ w¯ŒÞ/ nvBwRb RvixMvb
2. f~wgKvwfbq
3. kc_ †evW©
4. cU
5. d¬vk KvW©
cÖwZwU DcKiY e¨env‡ii mgq g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e DcKiY †hb wel‡qi mv‡_ msMwZc~Y© nq| GQvovI mgq, ¯’vb, †fŠZ myweavw`, GjvKvi ms¯‹…wZ, g~j¨‡eva welqmg~n we‡ePbvq †i‡L DcKiY wbe©vPb Kiv| m‡e©vcwi AskMÖnYKvix‡`i eqm, wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zvi BZ¨vw` welq¸wjI jÿYxq|
nvBwR‡bi evZ©v mw¤^wjZ †jvK msMxZ w¯ŒÞ ̂ Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges P‡ii †Kvb †Lvjv‡gjv ̄ ’v‡b †hLv‡b MYmgv‡ek Kiv hvq †mLv‡b GK`j †dvK Mvq‡Ki gva¨‡g MvIqv n‡e|
mnvqKgvV ch©v‡qi Kg©xMY †dvK Mv‡bi Av‡qvRb Ki‡eb| †h Rb¨ Zviv Av‡M †_‡K cÖ¯ÍÍywZ MÖnY Ki‡eb A_©vr GjvKvi †jvKRb‡K Rvbv‡eb, cÖ‡qvR‡b gvBwKsI Kiv jvM‡Z cv‡i|
D‡Ïk¨KwgDwbwUi MYgvbyl‡K (†Q‡j-†g‡q, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix, bvix-cyiæl, e„×-e„×v) GKB mg‡q nvBwR‡bi mKj evZ©v cÖ`vb Kiv|
AskMÖnYKvixGK`j †dvK MvqK I MYgvbyl|
c×wZ/†KŠkjMY mgv‡ek, †dvK Mvb, gy³ Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi|
†mkb DcKiYw¯ŒÞ, MvqK ̀ j, gvBK I ev`K hš¿|
mgq 45-50 wgwbU
DcKiY e¨env‡ii we‡eP¨ welq
†jvK msMxZ w¯ŒÞ
gvVKg©x‡`i Rb¨ †bvU
ŸGKRb gvVKg©x †gvU 5wU Bmy wb‡q †mkb cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb we‡kl K‡i wfwWwm m`m¨, g~j AskMÖnYKvix cwievi/gv `‡j, wK‡kvix I wK‡kvi ̀ ‡j|
ŸmvaviYZ: 1wU Bmy wb‡q cÖwZwU ̀ ‡j GKevi †mkb Kiv n‡e, Z‡e wmwWI, ̄ ^v¯’¨ ev cywó Kg©xMY Lvbv cwi`k©b Kivi mgq hw` g‡b K‡i BmywU wb‡q Avevi `‡ji mv‡_ †mkb Ki‡Z n‡e Zvn‡j wmwWI, ¯^v¯’¨ ev cywó Kg©xMY Zv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Ÿg~j AskMÖnYKvix, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix/wfwWwm m`m¨‡`i wgwUsG BmywfwËK gwbUwis di‡gU c~i‡Yi Rb¨ AbvbyôvwbK Iwi‡q›Ukb Gi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡e| Iwi‡q›Ukb MÖnY Kivi ci †Kvi gwbUiMY 15wU Lvbvq BmywfwËK evZ©v Dci gwbUwis Ki‡e †h- KwgDwbwUi RbMY mwVKfv‡e ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cvjb Ki‡Q wKbv|
ŸGKwU Bmyi evZ©vmg~n cÖwZwU ̀ ‡j nvBwRb g‡W‡j D‡jøwLZ wbw`©ó msL¨K gvme¨vcx Pj‡e| wmwWI, wfGmI, ̄ ^v¯’¨ ev cywó Kg©xMY Lvbv cwi`k©b Kivi gva¨‡g †`L‡e evZ©v¸wj mwVK Ges h_vh_fv‡e cvwjZ n‡”Q wKbv Ges Bmyi evZ©vmg~n KwgDwbwU‡Z Af¨v‡m cwiYZ n‡q‡Q wKbv| Z‡e mswkøó wmwWI, wfGmI, ¯^v¯’¨ ev cywó Kg©x‡`i wbweo ch©‡eÿ‡Y _vK‡Z n‡e †hb 4 gv‡mi g‡a¨ Aek¨B KwgDwbwUi RbMY Af¨vm¸‡jv iß Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
Ÿ†mkb cwiPvjbvi mgq wmwWI, wfGmI, ̄ ^v¯’¨ ev cywó Kg©xMY ev¯ÍeZvi Kvi‡Y mgq Kg †ekx Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
ŸwmwWI, wfGmI, ̄ ^v¯’¨ ev cywó Kg©xMY cÖ_g †mk‡bi mgq Ôgj I cvwbevwnZ †ivM, gj I cvwbevwnZ †ivM I ̀ wi`ª Pµ, †iv‡Mi Rb¨ e¨q, gj wKfv‡e gy‡L hvq, gj †_‡K gy‡L RxevYy cÖ‡e‡ki c‡_ evavmg~nÕ welq¸wj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
ŸGB mnvwqKvi mv‡_ DcKiY e¨env‡ii mvaviY wbqgvejx ev wewagvjv Av‡Q hv AbymiY K‡i wmwWI, wfGmI, ̄ ^v¯’¨ ev cywó Kg©xMY mn‡RB †mkb‡K AvKl©Yxq I Avb›``vqK Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 80 81
DcKiY e¨envi mnvwqKvnvBwRb cÖ‡gvkb MvBW jvB‡b †gvU 5wU Bmyi 20wU evZ©v Av‡Q| GB evZ©vmg~n wewfbœ gva¨‡g gv-evev, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix I MY gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qv Ges ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ 5wU DcKiY e¨envi Kiv n‡e| D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv Pievmx gvby‡li ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cwieZ©b Kiv| ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ DcKiY¸‡jv n‡jv:
1. †jvK msMxZ w¯ŒÞ/ nvBwRb RvixMvb
2. f~wgKvwfbq
3. kc_ †evW©
4. cU
5. d¬vk KvW©
cÖwZwU DcKiY e¨env‡ii mgq g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e DcKiY †hb wel‡qi mv‡_ msMwZc~Y© nq| GQvovI mgq, ¯’vb, †fŠZ myweavw`, GjvKvi ms¯‹…wZ, g~j¨‡eva welqmg~n we‡ePbvq †i‡L DcKiY wbe©vPb Kiv| m‡e©vcwi AskMÖnYKvix‡`i eqm, wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zvi BZ¨vw` welq¸wjI jÿYxq|
nvBwR‡bi evZ©v mw¤^wjZ †jvK msMxZ w¯ŒÞ ̂ Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges P‡ii †Kvb †Lvjv‡gjv ̄ ’v‡b †hLv‡b MYmgv‡ek Kiv hvq †mLv‡b GK`j †dvK Mvq‡Ki gva¨‡g MvIqv n‡e|
mnvqKgvV ch©v‡qi Kg©xMY †dvK Mv‡bi Av‡qvRb Ki‡eb| †h Rb¨ Zviv Av‡M †_‡K cÖ¯ÍÍywZ MÖnY Ki‡eb A_©vr GjvKvi †jvKRb‡K Rvbv‡eb, cÖ‡qvR‡b gvBwKsI Kiv jvM‡Z cv‡i|
D‡Ïk¨KwgDwbwUi MYgvbyl‡K (†Q‡j-†g‡q, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix, bvix-cyiæl, e„×-e„×v) GKB mg‡q nvBwR‡bi mKj evZ©v cÖ`vb Kiv|
AskMÖnYKvixGK`j †dvK MvqK I MYgvbyl|
c×wZ/†KŠkjMY mgv‡ek, †dvK Mvb, gy³ Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ DËi|
†mkb DcKiYw¯ŒÞ, MvqK ̀ j, gvBK I ev`K hš¿|
mgq 45-50 wgwbU
DcKiY e¨env‡ii we‡eP¨ welq
†jvK msMxZ w¯ŒÞ
e¨envi wewaMY mgv‡e‡k †dvK Mvb MvIqvi Av‡M wmwWI Ges MvqK Mvb MvIqvi D‡Ïk¨ Zy‡j ai‡eb Ges mKj‡K g‡bvhvM mnKv‡i Mv‡bi K_v ev evZ©v¸‡jv ïbvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Ki‡e| Mvb †k‡l MvqK ̀ k©K‡`i KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb-
ŸMvb †Kgb jvM‡jv;
ŸMv‡bi K_v¸‡jv Øviv wK eySv †Mj Ges mv‡_ wZwb ̀ k©K‡`i ejv evZ©v Avevi MvB‡eb;
Ÿcwi‡k‡l wZwb mK‡ji cÖwZkÖæwZ MÖnY Ki‡eb †hb Avgiv mevB wg‡j nvBwR‡bi/¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm¸‡jv cvjb Kwi|
†jvK msMxZ
K_v I myi: AvjgMxi †PŠayix
Av‡i-†kv‡bb †kv‡bb fvB †ev‡biv †kv‡bb w`qv gbwmwWI Avcv/fvB AvB‡jv P‡i Ki‡Z m‡PZb
nvq‡i Ki‡Z m‡PZbÑ2
20wU evZ©v wbqv AvB‡Q wmwWI Avcvgwb/fvBRvbAvmyb mevB Pievmx evZ©v¸wj ïwb
nvq‡i evZ©v¸wj ïwbÑ2
ayay evjyi weivb cv_vi P‡iiI Rxeb†ivM evjvB‡q Riv-RxY© †kv‡bb RbMYnvBwRb Avci Kv‡Q wKQz Av‡Q mgvavbnvBwRb evZ©v ïwb Avmyb P‡ii RbMYÑ2
evZ©v¸wj ïb‡j †gv‡`i n‡e bv ¯^v¯’¨nvwbevZ©v¸wj Avgiv mevB gb w`qv ïwb
nvq‡i gb w`qv ïwbÑ2
LvIqvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q †ave `yB nvZwkïi †ejvq nvZ †avqv hvqbv †hb ev`
nvq‡i hvqbv †hb ev`Ñ2
gj Z¨vM Avi wkïi †kŠP Kiv‡bvi c‡invZ †ave †MvqvjNi cwi®‹v‡ii c‡i
nvZ †ave †ÿ‡Zi g‡a¨ wel †`qvi cinvZ w`qv †ivM-RxevYy †`‡n ev‡Ü Ni
K‡gi `yÕwU nvZ hvnvi †ekx †ekx †ivRMvi ZvnviÑ2
nvBwRb Rvix
ayB‡eb mevB fvjfv‡e wb‡Ri `yB nvZGB K_vUv †kv‡bb mevB hvqbv †hb ev`
nvq‡i hvqbv †hb ev`Ñ2
mevB wg‡j e¨envi Kwi m¨vwbUvwi j¨vwUªbcvqLvbv cwi®‹vi Kiv bq‡Zv Lye KwVb
nvq‡i bq‡Zv Lye KwVb-2
m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q cvqLvbv‡Z hvIqv PvqB PvB Lvwj cv‡qi g‡a¨ w`qv RxevYy DrivB
Lvevi cvwbi Drm wbivc` ivwLcvwb fivi Av‡M Kjm †g‡R †b‡eb bvwK
nvq‡i †g‡R †b‡eb bvwK-2
XvKbv w`qv cvwbi Kjm enb Kiv PvBGKUz Lvwb DPz ¯’v‡b †i‡L †`‡eb fvB
nvq‡i †i‡L †`‡eb fvB -2
mwVK fv‡e cvb Ki‡j wbivc` cvwbn‡e bv Avi †ivM evjvB †gv‡`i ¯^v¯’¨nvwb
nvq‡i †gv‡`i ¯^v¯’¨nvwb-2
mKvj‡ejv LvIqv ci gvR‡eb Avcbvi `uvZ ivB‡Zi †ejvq ïqvi Av‡M hvq bv †hb ev`
emZ evwoi Pvi cv‡k Avi Miæi †Mvqvj Lvbv
cqtcwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡eGUv †gv‡`i Rvbv
†kv‡bb †kv‡bb fvB †ev‡biv †kv‡bb w`qv gbnvBwRb Avcv/fvB AvB‡jv †gv‡`i Ki‡Z m‡PZb
nvq‡i Ki‡Z m‡PZb-2
my¯’ _vKvi †miv Dcvq †R‡b †MwQ fvBGLb †_‡K †g‡b Pj‡Z Avgiv KiwQ Aw½Kvi, nvq‡i KiwQ Aw½Kvi|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 82 83
e¨envi wewaMY mgv‡e‡k †dvK Mvb MvIqvi Av‡M wmwWI Ges MvqK Mvb MvIqvi D‡Ïk¨ Zy‡j ai‡eb Ges mKj‡K g‡bvhvM mnKv‡i Mv‡bi K_v ev evZ©v¸‡jv ïbvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Ki‡e| Mvb †k‡l MvqK ̀ k©K‡`i KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb-
ŸMvb †Kgb jvM‡jv;
ŸMv‡bi K_v¸‡jv Øviv wK eySv †Mj Ges mv‡_ wZwb ̀ k©K‡`i ejv evZ©v Avevi MvB‡eb;
Ÿcwi‡k‡l wZwb mK‡ji cÖwZkÖæwZ MÖnY Ki‡eb †hb Avgiv mevB wg‡j nvBwR‡bi/¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm¸‡jv cvjb Kwi|
†jvK msMxZ
K_v I myi: AvjgMxi †PŠayix
Av‡i-†kv‡bb †kv‡bb fvB †ev‡biv †kv‡bb w`qv gbwmwWI Avcv/fvB AvB‡jv P‡i Ki‡Z m‡PZb
nvq‡i Ki‡Z m‡PZbÑ2
20wU evZ©v wbqv AvB‡Q wmwWI Avcvgwb/fvBRvbAvmyb mevB Pievmx evZ©v¸wj ïwb
nvq‡i evZ©v¸wj ïwbÑ2
ayay evjyi weivb cv_vi P‡iiI Rxeb†ivM evjvB‡q Riv-RxY© †kv‡bb RbMYnvBwRb Avci Kv‡Q wKQz Av‡Q mgvavbnvBwRb evZ©v ïwb Avmyb P‡ii RbMYÑ2
evZ©v¸wj ïb‡j †gv‡`i n‡e bv ¯^v¯’¨nvwbevZ©v¸wj Avgiv mevB gb w`qv ïwb
nvq‡i gb w`qv ïwbÑ2
LvIqvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q †ave `yB nvZwkïi †ejvq nvZ †avqv hvqbv †hb ev`
nvq‡i hvqbv †hb ev`Ñ2
gj Z¨vM Avi wkïi †kŠP Kiv‡bvi c‡invZ †ave †MvqvjNi cwi®‹v‡ii c‡i
nvZ †ave †ÿ‡Zi g‡a¨ wel †`qvi cinvZ w`qv †ivM-RxevYy †`‡n ev‡Ü Ni
K‡gi `yÕwU nvZ hvnvi †ekx †ekx †ivRMvi ZvnviÑ2
nvBwRb Rvix
ayB‡eb mevB fvjfv‡e wb‡Ri `yB nvZGB K_vUv †kv‡bb mevB hvqbv †hb ev`
nvq‡i hvqbv †hb ev`Ñ2
mevB wg‡j e¨envi Kwi m¨vwbUvwi j¨vwUªbcvqLvbv cwi®‹vi Kiv bq‡Zv Lye KwVb
nvq‡i bq‡Zv Lye KwVb-2
m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q cvqLvbv‡Z hvIqv PvqB PvB Lvwj cv‡qi g‡a¨ w`qv RxevYy DrivB
Lvevi cvwbi Drm wbivc` ivwLcvwb fivi Av‡M Kjm †g‡R †b‡eb bvwK
nvq‡i †g‡R †b‡eb bvwK-2
XvKbv w`qv cvwbi Kjm enb Kiv PvBGKUz Lvwb DPz ¯’v‡b †i‡L †`‡eb fvB
nvq‡i †i‡L †`‡eb fvB -2
mwVK fv‡e cvb Ki‡j wbivc` cvwbn‡e bv Avi †ivM evjvB †gv‡`i ¯^v¯’¨nvwb
nvq‡i †gv‡`i ¯^v¯’¨nvwb-2
mKvj‡ejv LvIqv ci gvR‡eb Avcbvi `uvZ ivB‡Zi †ejvq ïqvi Av‡M hvq bv †hb ev`
emZ evwoi Pvi cv‡k Avi Miæi †Mvqvj Lvbv
cqtcwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡eGUv †gv‡`i Rvbv
†kv‡bb †kv‡bb fvB †ev‡biv †kv‡bb w`qv gbnvBwRb Avcv/fvB AvB‡jv †gv‡`i Ki‡Z m‡PZb
nvq‡i Ki‡Z m‡PZb-2
my¯’ _vKvi †miv Dcvq †R‡b †MwQ fvBGLb †_‡K †g‡b Pj‡Z Avgiv KiwQ Aw½Kvi, nvq‡i KiwQ Aw½Kvi|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 82 83
kc_ †evW© (Pledge Board)kc_ †evW© KwgDwbwU gvby‡li nvBwRb Af¨vm Abykxj‡bi cÖwZkÖæwZ Kivi GKwU †evW© †hLv‡b mevB nvZ‡avqv, ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi, wbivc` cvwb e¨env‡ii kc_ K‡i ̄ ^vÿi Ki‡e Ges GB kc_ †evW©wU MÖv‡gi GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b Szwj‡q ivLv nq|
D‡Ïk¨
Ÿkc_ †ev‡W© welqwUi mv‡_ mK‡jB HK¨gZ †cvlY Kivi Rb¨;
ŸRbmgv‡e‡k we‡kl K‡i †jvK msMxZ Gi w`‡b RbMY nvBwRb Af¨vm¸‡jv cvj‡b DØy× n‡j ÔAvgiv mK‡jB AvR †_‡K ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨v‡mi wbqg¸‡jv †hgb- (Bmyy¸‡jv ej‡eb)Õ GB g‡g© Aw½Kvi K‡i ̄ ^vÿi Ki‡eb|
gva¨g ev AskMÖnYKvixKwgDwbwUi mKj †kÖwYi gvbyl|
c×wZ ev †KŠkj
ŸMY mgv‡ek;
ŸDcKiY: kc_ †evW© I mvBb †cb|
Ÿ¯’vb: †hLv‡b MY mgv‡ek AbywôZ n‡e|
Ÿmgq: 30 wgwbU|
e¨envi wewa
ŸLvbvi mKj m`m¨ kc_ †ev‡W© ̄ ^vÿi ev wUc mB Ki‡eb;
Ÿkc_ †evW© Ggb¯’v‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †hb me mgq †Pv‡L c‡o Ges Aw½KviwU ̀ ~i †_‡K cov hvq;
ŸRbmgv‡ek (Mass getharing) Gi gva¨‡g kc_‡evW© ̄ ’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e †hb †bZ„¯’vbxqiv †hb †ev‡W© ̄ ^vÿi Ki‡Z cv‡ib
Ÿ†jvKmgvMg ̄ ’v‡b kc_ †evW© ̄ ’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
cUcU n‡jv nvBwR‡bi 5wU Bmyi 20wU evZ©v mw¤^wjZ GKwU Qwe cÖ`k©bx| G cÖ`k©bxi gva¨‡g Pi GjvKvi gv‡qiv nvBwR‡bi evZ©v¸‡jv Rvb‡e, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe Ki‡e Ges Abykxjb Ki‡e|
c‡Ui D‡Ïk¨Qwe †`‡L AskMÖnYKvixMY ̄ ^v¯’¨f¨vm cvj‡bi welq¸‡jv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Ges Qwei mv‡_ wb‡R‡`i msmvwiK Kv‡Ri wgj Luy‡R cv‡eb weavq Av‡jvPbv djcÖm~ n‡e|
mnvqKgvV ch©v‡qi Kg©xMY cU †mkb cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb|
AskMÖnYKvixgv I wK‡kvix| cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨ivI _vK‡Z cv‡i|
¯’vbMÖv‡gi ev cvovi †Kvb GK ̄ ’vb †hKv‡b 20-25 Rb gwnjv GK mv‡_ BD AvK…wZ n‡q em‡Z cv‡i|
c×wZ/†KŠkj
ŸDVvb ̂ eVK/mfv|
Ÿmgq: 30-45 wgwbU
Ÿ¯’vb: P‡ii GjvKvi evwoi DVvb/wgwUs †kW †hLv‡b 20-25 gv, wK‡kvi I wK‡kvix em‡Z cv‡i|
Ÿ†mkb DcKiY: cU, †cv÷vi I cvwb I mvevb|
e¨envi wewa†mk‡bi avivevwnKZv Abyhvqx Kykj wewbgq Ki‡eb, eZ©gvb Ae¯’v Zz‡j ai‡eb, AvR‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv K‡i hLb †mk‡bi g~j AvjvPbvi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L cÖvmw½Kfv‡e c‡Ui e¨envi ïiæ n‡e|
ŸmevB †`L‡Z cv‡i Ggb ̄ ’v‡b Av‡qvRb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges c‡Ui ̀ yÕcv‡k ̀ yÕRb cU a‡i ̀ uvov‡Z cv‡i|
Ÿc‡Ui Qwe eY©bvi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡e|
ŸGKwU Qwe e¨vL¨vi mgq Ab¨ Qwe eÜ ivL‡Z n‡e|
ŸGKwU †mk‡b †Kej gvÎ GKwU Bmyi evZ©vmg~n cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e|
Ÿ†mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY wdWe¨vK wb‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i Zviv evZ©vi cÖK…Z ̧ iæZ¡ eyS‡Z cv‡i|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 84 85
kc_ †evW© (Pledge Board)kc_ †evW© KwgDwbwU gvby‡li nvBwRb Af¨vm Abykxj‡bi cÖwZkÖæwZ Kivi GKwU †evW© †hLv‡b mevB nvZ‡avqv, ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi, wbivc` cvwb e¨env‡ii kc_ K‡i ̄ ^vÿi Ki‡e Ges GB kc_ †evW©wU MÖv‡gi GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b Szwj‡q ivLv nq|
D‡Ïk¨
Ÿkc_ †ev‡W© welqwUi mv‡_ mK‡jB HK¨gZ †cvlY Kivi Rb¨;
ŸRbmgv‡e‡k we‡kl K‡i †jvK msMxZ Gi w`‡b RbMY nvBwRb Af¨vm¸‡jv cvj‡b DØy× n‡j ÔAvgiv mK‡jB AvR †_‡K ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨v‡mi wbqg¸‡jv †hgb- (Bmyy¸‡jv ej‡eb)Õ GB g‡g© Aw½Kvi K‡i ̄ ^vÿi Ki‡eb|
gva¨g ev AskMÖnYKvixKwgDwbwUi mKj †kÖwYi gvbyl|
c×wZ ev †KŠkj
ŸMY mgv‡ek;
ŸDcKiY: kc_ †evW© I mvBb †cb|
Ÿ¯’vb: †hLv‡b MY mgv‡ek AbywôZ n‡e|
Ÿmgq: 30 wgwbU|
e¨envi wewa
ŸLvbvi mKj m`m¨ kc_ †ev‡W© ̄ ^vÿi ev wUc mB Ki‡eb;
Ÿkc_ †evW© Ggb¯’v‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †hb me mgq †Pv‡L c‡o Ges Aw½KviwU ̀ ~i †_‡K cov hvq;
ŸRbmgv‡ek (Mass getharing) Gi gva¨‡g kc_‡evW© ̄ ’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e †hb †bZ„¯’vbxqiv †hb †ev‡W© ̄ ^vÿi Ki‡Z cv‡ib
Ÿ†jvKmgvMg ̄ ’v‡b kc_ †evW© ̄ ’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
cUcU n‡jv nvBwR‡bi 5wU Bmyi 20wU evZ©v mw¤^wjZ GKwU Qwe cÖ`k©bx| G cÖ`k©bxi gva¨‡g Pi GjvKvi gv‡qiv nvBwR‡bi evZ©v¸‡jv Rvb‡e, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe Ki‡e Ges Abykxjb Ki‡e|
c‡Ui D‡Ïk¨Qwe †`‡L AskMÖnYKvixMY ̄ ^v¯’¨f¨vm cvj‡bi welq¸‡jv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Ges Qwei mv‡_ wb‡R‡`i msmvwiK Kv‡Ri wgj Luy‡R cv‡eb weavq Av‡jvPbv djcÖm~ n‡e|
mnvqKgvV ch©v‡qi Kg©xMY cU †mkb cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb|
AskMÖnYKvixgv I wK‡kvix| cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨ivI _vK‡Z cv‡i|
¯’vbMÖv‡gi ev cvovi †Kvb GK ̄ ’vb †hKv‡b 20-25 Rb gwnjv GK mv‡_ BD AvK…wZ n‡q em‡Z cv‡i|
c×wZ/†KŠkj
ŸDVvb ̂ eVK/mfv|
Ÿmgq: 30-45 wgwbU
Ÿ¯’vb: P‡ii GjvKvi evwoi DVvb/wgwUs †kW †hLv‡b 20-25 gv, wK‡kvi I wK‡kvix em‡Z cv‡i|
Ÿ†mkb DcKiY: cU, †cv÷vi I cvwb I mvevb|
e¨envi wewa†mk‡bi avivevwnKZv Abyhvqx Kykj wewbgq Ki‡eb, eZ©gvb Ae¯’v Zz‡j ai‡eb, AvR‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv K‡i hLb †mk‡bi g~j AvjvPbvi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L cÖvmw½Kfv‡e c‡Ui e¨envi ïiæ n‡e|
ŸmevB †`L‡Z cv‡i Ggb ̄ ’v‡b Av‡qvRb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges c‡Ui ̀ yÕcv‡k ̀ yÕRb cU a‡i ̀ uvov‡Z cv‡i|
Ÿc‡Ui Qwe eY©bvi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡e|
ŸGKwU Qwe e¨vL¨vi mgq Ab¨ Qwe eÜ ivL‡Z n‡e|
ŸGKwU †mk‡b †Kej gvÎ GKwU Bmyi evZ©vmg~n cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e|
Ÿ†mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY wdWe¨vK wb‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i Zviv evZ©vi cÖK…Z ̧ iæZ¡ eyS‡Z cv‡i|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 84 85
cU (Paut)
nvZ †avqv1. wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi
2. cwiev‡ii mevB LvIqvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
3. cwiev‡ii mevB †kŠPKvh© Kivi c‡i mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
4. wkïi gj cwi®‹vi I †kŠPKvh© Kiv‡bvi c‡i mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
5. †MvqvjNi cwi®‹vi Kivi c‡i I KxUbvkK e¨env‡ii c‡i mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB|
Av‡M mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avemevB wg‡j my¯’ i‡ev
0102
03
04 05
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 86 87
mnvqK Z_¨ (gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©xMY e¨envi Ki‡eb)
cÖvZ¨wnK bvbv Kv‡Ri Kvi‡Y Avgv‡`i nv‡Z ̄ ^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ ¶wZKviK bvbviKg RxevYyi ms¯ú‡k© Av‡m| nvZ mwVKfv‡e cwi®‹vi Kiv bv n‡j GB †ivM RxevYy ïay wb‡Ri bq A‡b¨i ¯^v‡¯’¨iI ¶wZi KviY n‡Z cv‡i; Ggb wK g„Zz¨I NUv‡Z cv‡i| gj Z¨v‡Mi ci Avgiv †kŠP KvR K‡i _vwK| †kŠP KvR Ki‡j nv‡Z †ivM RxevYy jvM‡eB| wKš‘ †m †bvsiv nvZ hw` mvevb Øviv fvjfv‡e bv †avqv nq Z‡e †m nvZ w`‡q hv wKQz aiv ev Kiv n‡e Zv Aek¨B `~wlZ n‡e| Gfv‡e bjK~‡ci nvZj I gyL, cvwbi cvÎ, _vjv evmb, Lv`¨ `ªe¨ BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g †ivM RxevYy GKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K Ab¨R‡bi kix‡i msµwgZ nq|
wbw`©ó wbq‡g 5 evi `yÕnvZ mvevb w`‡q fvjfv‡e ay‡j Wvqwiqv, Avgvkq, RwÛm, †ncvUvBwUm, K…wg BZ¨vw` †ivM †_‡K Avgiv †invB †c‡Z cvwi| GQvovI mvevb w`‡q ̀ ynvZ ay‡q Avgiv †mvqvBb d¬y, evW© d¬y mn Pÿz I Z¡‡Ki msµgY cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z cvwi|
5wU we‡kl mg‡q mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqv Riæwi
1. 5 eQ‡ii bx‡P ev”Pv‡`i Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M gv‡K ̀ yB nvZ mvevb w`‡q ayB
2. cwiev‡ii mevB LvIqvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
3. gj Z¨v‡Mi ci †kŠP K‡i mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
4. ev”Pvi gj cwi®‹vi Ges †kŠP Kiv‡bvi ci mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
5. †MvqvjNi cwi®‹vi Kivi ci / KxUbvkK e¨env‡ii c‡i mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB|
nvZ †avqvi ̧ iæZ¡
cU (Paut)
nvZ †avqv1. wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi
2. cwiev‡ii mevB LvIqvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
3. cwiev‡ii mevB †kŠPKvh© Kivi c‡i mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
4. wkïi gj cwi®‹vi I †kŠPKvh© Kiv‡bvi c‡i mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
5. †MvqvjNi cwi®‹vi Kivi c‡i I KxUbvkK e¨env‡ii c‡i mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB|
Av‡M mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avemevB wg‡j my¯’ i‡ev
0102
03
04 05
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 86 87
mnvqK Z_¨ (gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©xMY e¨envi Ki‡eb)
cÖvZ¨wnK bvbv Kv‡Ri Kvi‡Y Avgv‡`i nv‡Z ̄ ^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ ¶wZKviK bvbviKg RxevYyi ms¯ú‡k© Av‡m| nvZ mwVKfv‡e cwi®‹vi Kiv bv n‡j GB †ivM RxevYy ïay wb‡Ri bq A‡b¨i ¯^v‡¯’¨iI ¶wZi KviY n‡Z cv‡i; Ggb wK g„Zz¨I NUv‡Z cv‡i| gj Z¨v‡Mi ci Avgiv †kŠP KvR K‡i _vwK| †kŠP KvR Ki‡j nv‡Z †ivM RxevYy jvM‡eB| wKš‘ †m †bvsiv nvZ hw` mvevb Øviv fvjfv‡e bv †avqv nq Z‡e †m nvZ w`‡q hv wKQz aiv ev Kiv n‡e Zv Aek¨B `~wlZ n‡e| Gfv‡e bjK~‡ci nvZj I gyL, cvwbi cvÎ, _vjv evmb, Lv`¨ `ªe¨ BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g †ivM RxevYy GKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K Ab¨R‡bi kix‡i msµwgZ nq|
wbw`©ó wbq‡g 5 evi `yÕnvZ mvevb w`‡q fvjfv‡e ay‡j Wvqwiqv, Avgvkq, RwÛm, †ncvUvBwUm, K…wg BZ¨vw` †ivM †_‡K Avgiv †invB †c‡Z cvwi| GQvovI mvevb w`‡q ̀ ynvZ ay‡q Avgiv †mvqvBb d¬y, evW© d¬y mn Pÿz I Z¡‡Ki msµgY cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z cvwi|
5wU we‡kl mg‡q mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqv Riæwi
1. 5 eQ‡ii bx‡P ev”Pv‡`i Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M gv‡K ̀ yB nvZ mvevb w`‡q ayB
2. cwiev‡ii mevB LvIqvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
3. gj Z¨v‡Mi ci †kŠP K‡i mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
4. ev”Pvi gj cwi®‹vi Ges †kŠP Kiv‡bvi ci mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB
5. †MvqvjNi cwi®‹vi Kivi ci / KxUbvkK e¨env‡ii c‡i mvevb w`‡q ̀ yB nvZ ayB|
nvZ †avqvi ̧ iæZ¡
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 88 89
1. cvwb‡Z nvZ fv‡jvfv‡e wfwR‡q wb‡Z n‡e
2. `yB nv‡Z mvevb †g‡L wb‡Z n‡e
3. `yB nvZ N‡l fv‡jv K‡i †dbv Zzj‡Z n‡e
4. `yB nv‡Zi Zvjy GKÎ K‡i GK nv‡Zi `yB Av½y‡ji gv‡S Ab¨ nv‡Zi GK Av½yj †i‡L Av‡M wcQ‡b K‡i mvev‡bi †dbv w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e N‡l wb‡Z n‡e
8. cwi®‹vi MvgQv/†Zvqv‡j w`‡q `yB nvZ fv‡jvfv‡e gy‡Q A_ev ïwK‡q wb‡Z n‡e
7. cwi®‹vi cvwb w`‡q `yB nvZ fv‡jvfv‡e ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e
6. nvZ gyV K‡i e„×v½yjx w`‡q e„ËvKv‡i N‡l wb‡Z n‡e
5. ̀ yB nvZ gyV K‡i GK nv‡Zi Av½yj Ab¨ nv‡Zi Zvjy‡Z †i‡L Nywi‡q Nywi‡q mvev‡bi †dbv w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e N‡l wb‡Z n‡e
mnvqK Z_¨
nvZ †avqvi †KŠkjm¨vwb‡Ukb
1. cwiev‡ii mevB ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi Kwi
2. m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q w`‡q cvqLvbv e¨envi Kwi
3. cvqLvbv e¨env‡ii c‡i wbqwgZ cwi®‹vi I iÿYv‡eÿY Kwi|
01 02
03
¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi Kwi†ivMgy³ Rxeb Mwo
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 88 89
1. cvwb‡Z nvZ fv‡jvfv‡e wfwR‡q wb‡Z n‡e
2. `yB nv‡Z mvevb †g‡L wb‡Z n‡e
3. `yB nvZ N‡l fv‡jv K‡i †dbv Zzj‡Z n‡e
4. `yB nv‡Zi Zvjy GKÎ K‡i GK nv‡Zi `yB Av½y‡ji gv‡S Ab¨ nv‡Zi GK Av½yj †i‡L Av‡M wcQ‡b K‡i mvev‡bi †dbv w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e N‡l wb‡Z n‡e
8. cwi®‹vi MvgQv/†Zvqv‡j w`‡q `yB nvZ fv‡jvfv‡e gy‡Q A_ev ïwK‡q wb‡Z n‡e
7. cwi®‹vi cvwb w`‡q `yB nvZ fv‡jvfv‡e ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e
6. nvZ gyV K‡i e„×v½yjx w`‡q e„ËvKv‡i N‡l wb‡Z n‡e
5. ̀ yB nvZ gyV K‡i GK nv‡Zi Av½yj Ab¨ nv‡Zi Zvjy‡Z †i‡L Nywi‡q Nywi‡q mvev‡bi †dbv w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e N‡l wb‡Z n‡e
mnvqK Z_¨
nvZ †avqvi †KŠkjm¨vwb‡Ukb
1. cwiev‡ii mevB ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi Kwi
2. m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q w`‡q cvqLvbv e¨envi Kwi
3. cvqLvbv e¨env‡ii c‡i wbqwgZ cwi®‹vi I iÿYv‡eÿY Kwi|
01 02
03
¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi Kwi†ivMgy³ Rxeb Mwo
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 90 91
mnvqK Z_¨
m¨vwb‡Ukb kãwU Øviv Ggb GKwU Ae¯’v‡K †evSv‡bv nq hv ̄ ^v¯’¨MZ RxebhvÎv‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avgiv Rvwb †h, †ivMvµvšÍ e¨w³i gj wewfbœ †ivMRxevYyi Drm| wewfbœ evn‡Ki gva¨‡g †hgb: ̀ ~wlZ cvwb, †bvsiv nvZ, gvwQ, ̀ ~wlZ Lvevi BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g my¯’ e¨w³‡K †ivMvµvšÍ Ki‡Z cv‡i| h_vh_ m¨vwb‡Ukb e¨e¯’v cÖwZôvi gva¨‡gB msµvgK †iv‡Mi we¯Ívi cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq| wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’vi g‡Z m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi †¶Î e¨vcK hvi g‡a¨ Lv`¨-m¨vwb‡Ukb, e„wói cvwb wb®‹vkb, KwVb AveR©bv AcmviY I evqy`~lY AšÍf~©³| m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi wewfbœ msÁv i‡q‡Q Z‡e GLv‡b Avgiv m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi wKQz wbw`©ó wel‡qi g‡a¨ mxgve× _vKe| mvaviYfv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j ejv hvq m¨vwb‡Ukb n‡jv cwi‡ek‡K ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z I wbg©j ivLvi Abykxjb| Av‡iv mywbw`©ófv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j ejv hvq, m¨wb‡Ukb n‡jv gvbe e‡R©¨i wbivc` e¨e¯’vcbv hvi d‡j gj wbM©Z RxevYy gy‡L hvevi mÂvjb c‡_ evav ̀ vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
AbybœZ ev Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jv‡Z Wvqwiqv msµvšÍ †ivM¸‡jv Kgv‡bvi †¶‡Î ev cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †¶‡Î wbivc` cvwb cvb Ges ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi weivU f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|
m¨vwb‡Ukb gB (Sanitation Ladder)
m¨vwb‡Uk‡b ev cq:wb®‹vk‡bi aviYv
Ecological Sanitation
Environmental Sanitation
Basic Sanitation
OpenDefecation
DbœZ m¨vwb‡Ukb (Improved Sanitation): B‡Kv-Uq‡jU, K‡¤úv÷ Uq‡jU, †mcwUK U¨vsK Uq‡jU hv cwi‡ek
`~lY K‡i bv; eis cwi‡ek Dbœq‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
†gŠwjK m¨vwb‡Ukb: wcU ev MZ© cvqLvbv, wis-¯øve cvqLvbv hv gvby‡li Af¨vm cwieZ©‡b mnvqZv K‡i| GLv‡b ¯^v¯’¨Ki
I A¯^v¯’¨Ki cvqLvbv _vK‡Z cv‡i|
†Lvjv RvqMvq gj Z¨vM ev †hLv‡b †mLv‡b gj Z¨vM Kiv| cwi‡ek `~lY K‡i I †ivM-RxevYy Qovq|
†Lvjv RvqMvq gj Z¨vM (Open Defecation)†Lvjv RvqMvq gjZ¨vM ev †hLv‡b †mLv‡b gj Z¨vM Kivi d‡j gvivZœKfv‡e cwi‡ek ̀ ~lY K‡i I †ivM-RxevYy Qovq| gvby‡li Avw_©K ̄ ^”QjZv K‡g hvq Ges gvbyl ̀ wi`ª n‡Z _v‡K| RvZxq cwimsL¨vb Abyhvhx Avgv‡`i †`‡k GLbI 4% gvbyl †Lvjv RvqMvq gj Z¨vM K‡i|
†gŠwjK m¨vwb‡Ukb (Basic Sanitation)wcU ev MZ© cvqLvbv, wis-¯øve cvqLvbv hv gvby‡li Af¨vm cwieZ©‡b mnvqZv K‡i| GLv‡b ̄ ^v¯’¨Ki I A¯^v¯’¨Ki cvqLvbv _vK‡Z cv‡i| Lye Aí Li‡P GB ai‡Yi m¨vwb‡Ukb AeKvVv‡gv ̂ Zwi Kiv hvq| GB e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡k Af~Zc~e© mvdj¨ AR©b K‡i‡Q| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k †gŠwjK m¨vwb‡Ukb AR©b 83%|
gj
DbœZ m¨vwb‡Ukb (Improved Sanitation)B‡Kv-Uq‡jU, K‡¤úv÷ Uq‡jU, †mcwUK U¨vsK Uq‡jU hv cwi‡ek `~lY K‡i bv; eis cwi‡ek Dbœq‡b mnvqZv K‡i| LiP Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ekx n‡jI Uq‡jU¸‡jv ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z, cwi‡ek evÜe I ̄ ’vqxZ¡kxj|
100% m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi aviYv 100% m¨vwb‡Ukb †evSv‡Z b~¨bZg wbgœwjwLZ ̂ ewk󨸇jv _vK‡Z n‡e:
Ÿ†KD †Lvjv RvqMvq cÖ¯ªve-cvqLvbv Ki‡e bv|
Ÿmevi Rb¨ ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbvi e¨e¯’v _vK‡e|
ŸmevB ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbvi e¨envi Ki‡e|
ŸcvqLvbvi Aweivg e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Dchy³ i¶Yv‡e¶Y e¨e¯’v _vK‡e
ŸDbœZ ̄ ^v¯’¨-Af¨vm PP©v Kiv n‡e|
mvwe©K m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi aviYv m¨vwb‡Ukb e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡bi g~j j¶¨ ̄ ^v‡¯’¨i Dbœqb, GB welqwU AZ¨šÍ ̧ iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e| ̄ ^v‡¯’¨i Dci m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi cÖfve GKwU †gŠwjK welq| AZGe, mvwe©K m¨vwb‡Ukb (Total sanitation) ej‡Z my¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mvwe©K ¯^v¯’¨Ki cwie‡ek‡KB eySv‡e| G Kvi‡Y mvwe©K m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi msÁvq kZfvM m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi mv‡_ wbgœwjwLZ welq¸‡jv AšÍfy©³ n‡e|
Ÿ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv
Ÿh_vh_ KwVb eR©¨ e¨e¯’vcbv Ges
ŸM„n¯’vwji eR©¨-cvwb I e„wói cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi e¨e¯’v|
DbœZ ev ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv (Improved latrine) I ̂ ewkó¨mg~n GKwU DbœZ ev ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbvi wbgœwjwLZ me¸‡jv ̧ Y ev ̂ ewkó¨ _vK‡Z n‡e:
Ÿgj Ave× ivL‡e, cwi‡e‡k Qov‡Z w`‡e bv|
ŸcvqLvbvq emvi ̄ ’vb Ges M‡Z©i g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM e× _vK‡e hv‡Z gvwQ ev †cvKv-gvKo hvZvqvZ Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| Gi d‡j KxU-cZ½ Øviv †ivM msµgY Pµ eÜ n‡e|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 90 91
mnvqK Z_¨
m¨vwb‡Ukb kãwU Øviv Ggb GKwU Ae¯’v‡K †evSv‡bv nq hv ̄ ^v¯’¨MZ RxebhvÎv‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avgiv Rvwb †h, †ivMvµvšÍ e¨w³i gj wewfbœ †ivMRxevYyi Drm| wewfbœ evn‡Ki gva¨‡g †hgb: ̀ ~wlZ cvwb, †bvsiv nvZ, gvwQ, ̀ ~wlZ Lvevi BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g my¯’ e¨w³‡K †ivMvµvšÍ Ki‡Z cv‡i| h_vh_ m¨vwb‡Ukb e¨e¯’v cÖwZôvi gva¨‡gB msµvgK †iv‡Mi we¯Ívi cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq| wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’vi g‡Z m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi †¶Î e¨vcK hvi g‡a¨ Lv`¨-m¨vwb‡Ukb, e„wói cvwb wb®‹vkb, KwVb AveR©bv AcmviY I evqy`~lY AšÍf~©³| m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi wewfbœ msÁv i‡q‡Q Z‡e GLv‡b Avgiv m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi wKQz wbw`©ó wel‡qi g‡a¨ mxgve× _vKe| mvaviYfv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j ejv hvq m¨vwb‡Ukb n‡jv cwi‡ek‡K ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z I wbg©j ivLvi Abykxjb| Av‡iv mywbw`©ófv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j ejv hvq, m¨wb‡Ukb n‡jv gvbe e‡R©¨i wbivc` e¨e¯’vcbv hvi d‡j gj wbM©Z RxevYy gy‡L hvevi mÂvjb c‡_ evav ̀ vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
AbybœZ ev Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jv‡Z Wvqwiqv msµvšÍ †ivM¸‡jv Kgv‡bvi †¶‡Î ev cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †¶‡Î wbivc` cvwb cvb Ges ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi weivU f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|
m¨vwb‡Ukb gB (Sanitation Ladder)
m¨vwb‡Uk‡b ev cq:wb®‹vk‡bi aviYv
Ecological Sanitation
Environmental Sanitation
Basic Sanitation
OpenDefecation
DbœZ m¨vwb‡Ukb (Improved Sanitation): B‡Kv-Uq‡jU, K‡¤úv÷ Uq‡jU, †mcwUK U¨vsK Uq‡jU hv cwi‡ek
`~lY K‡i bv; eis cwi‡ek Dbœq‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
†gŠwjK m¨vwb‡Ukb: wcU ev MZ© cvqLvbv, wis-¯øve cvqLvbv hv gvby‡li Af¨vm cwieZ©‡b mnvqZv K‡i| GLv‡b ¯^v¯’¨Ki
I A¯^v¯’¨Ki cvqLvbv _vK‡Z cv‡i|
†Lvjv RvqMvq gj Z¨vM ev †hLv‡b †mLv‡b gj Z¨vM Kiv| cwi‡ek `~lY K‡i I †ivM-RxevYy Qovq|
†Lvjv RvqMvq gj Z¨vM (Open Defecation)†Lvjv RvqMvq gjZ¨vM ev †hLv‡b †mLv‡b gj Z¨vM Kivi d‡j gvivZœKfv‡e cwi‡ek ̀ ~lY K‡i I †ivM-RxevYy Qovq| gvby‡li Avw_©K ̄ ^”QjZv K‡g hvq Ges gvbyl ̀ wi`ª n‡Z _v‡K| RvZxq cwimsL¨vb Abyhvhx Avgv‡`i †`‡k GLbI 4% gvbyl †Lvjv RvqMvq gj Z¨vM K‡i|
†gŠwjK m¨vwb‡Ukb (Basic Sanitation)wcU ev MZ© cvqLvbv, wis-¯øve cvqLvbv hv gvby‡li Af¨vm cwieZ©‡b mnvqZv K‡i| GLv‡b ̄ ^v¯’¨Ki I A¯^v¯’¨Ki cvqLvbv _vK‡Z cv‡i| Lye Aí Li‡P GB ai‡Yi m¨vwb‡Ukb AeKvVv‡gv ̂ Zwi Kiv hvq| GB e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡k Af~Zc~e© mvdj¨ AR©b K‡i‡Q| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k †gŠwjK m¨vwb‡Ukb AR©b 83%|
gj
DbœZ m¨vwb‡Ukb (Improved Sanitation)B‡Kv-Uq‡jU, K‡¤úv÷ Uq‡jU, †mcwUK U¨vsK Uq‡jU hv cwi‡ek `~lY K‡i bv; eis cwi‡ek Dbœq‡b mnvqZv K‡i| LiP Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ekx n‡jI Uq‡jU¸‡jv ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z, cwi‡ek evÜe I ̄ ’vqxZ¡kxj|
100% m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi aviYv 100% m¨vwb‡Ukb †evSv‡Z b~¨bZg wbgœwjwLZ ̂ ewk󨸇jv _vK‡Z n‡e:
Ÿ†KD †Lvjv RvqMvq cÖ¯ªve-cvqLvbv Ki‡e bv|
Ÿmevi Rb¨ ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbvi e¨e¯’v _vK‡e|
ŸmevB ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbvi e¨envi Ki‡e|
ŸcvqLvbvi Aweivg e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Dchy³ i¶Yv‡e¶Y e¨e¯’v _vK‡e
ŸDbœZ ̄ ^v¯’¨-Af¨vm PP©v Kiv n‡e|
mvwe©K m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi aviYv m¨vwb‡Ukb e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡bi g~j j¶¨ ̄ ^v‡¯’¨i Dbœqb, GB welqwU AZ¨šÍ ̧ iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e| ̄ ^v‡¯’¨i Dci m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi cÖfve GKwU †gŠwjK welq| AZGe, mvwe©K m¨vwb‡Ukb (Total sanitation) ej‡Z my¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mvwe©K ¯^v¯’¨Ki cwie‡ek‡KB eySv‡e| G Kvi‡Y mvwe©K m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi msÁvq kZfvM m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi mv‡_ wbgœwjwLZ welq¸‡jv AšÍfy©³ n‡e|
Ÿ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv
Ÿh_vh_ KwVb eR©¨ e¨e¯’vcbv Ges
ŸM„n¯’vwji eR©¨-cvwb I e„wói cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi e¨e¯’v|
DbœZ ev ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv (Improved latrine) I ̂ ewkó¨mg~n GKwU DbœZ ev ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbvi wbgœwjwLZ me¸‡jv ̧ Y ev ̂ ewkó¨ _vK‡Z n‡e:
Ÿgj Ave× ivL‡e, cwi‡e‡k Qov‡Z w`‡e bv|
ŸcvqLvbvq emvi ̄ ’vb Ges M‡Z©i g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM e× _vK‡e hv‡Z gvwQ ev †cvKv-gvKo hvZvqvZ Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| Gi d‡j KxU-cZ½ Øviv †ivM msµgY Pµ eÜ n‡e|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 92
ŸcvqLvbvi M‡Z© m„ó `yM©Ühy³ M¨vm h_vh_fv‡e ¯’vwcZ GKwU †f›U cvB‡ci gva¨‡g †ei K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| Gi d‡j cvqLvbv ̀ yM©Ügy³ _vK‡e Ges †jvKRb cÖwZwbqZ cvqLvbv e¨envi Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ n‡e|
ŸGQvovI cvqLvbv n‡Z n‡e Avivg`vqK, _vK‡Z n‡e †MvcbxqZv Ges wbivcËvi e¨e¯’v |
Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv n‡jv Ggb e¨e¯’v †hLv‡b gj cwi‡e‡ki ms¯ú‡k© Avm‡Z cvi‡e bv| XvKbvmn MZ© cvqLvbv, Rjve× cvqLvbv G ai‡bi e¨e¯’vi AšÍf©y³| XvKbvQvov MZ© cvqLvbv, ¸R‡bK ev IqvUvimxj fv½v cvqLvbv Ges SzjšÍ cvqLvbv ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbvi AvIqZvq c‡o bv| ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv wewfbœ ai‡Yi n‡Z cv‡i|
DbœZ ev ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨env‡ii ̧ iæZ¡c~Y© welq¸‡jv wbgœiƒc cwiev‡ii mevB ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi Ki‡e Ges ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Zfv‡e cvqLvbv e¨envi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡j wbgœ wjwLZ welq¸‡jv †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e:
ŸcvqLvbv e¨env‡ii c~‡e© mvgvb¨ cvwb c¨v‡b †X‡j c¨vbwU wfwR‡q wb‡Z n‡e G‡Z c¨v‡bi gqjv †j‡M _vK‡e bv;
ŸcÖ‡Z¨Kevi e¨env‡ii ci c¨v‡b 1-2 e`bv (K‡qK wjUvi) cvwb †X‡j cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e c¨v‡bi M‡Z© ev Mv‡q gj bv _v‡K;
Ÿg‡ji hvZvqZ c_ hv‡Z eÜ n‡q bv hvq †m Rb¨ cvqLvbvq †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB Kvc‡oi UzKiv, bu¨vKov, m¨vwbUvwi b¨vcwKb, wXjv-Kzjyc BZ¨vw` †djv hv‡e bv| GMy‡jv †djvi Rb¨ cvqLvbvi GK †Kvbvq GKwU gvwUi cvÎ ivL‡Z n‡e;
ŸcvqLvbvi Rjve× Ask jvwV ev Ab¨ †Kvb k³ wKQz w`‡q fv½v hv‡e bv-GUv bv _vK‡j ̀ yM©Ü Qov‡e, gvwQ XyK‡e d‡j ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z _K‡e bv;
Ÿj¨vwUª‡b ev Zvi Kv‡Q e¨env‡ii Rb¨ ch©vß cvwb ivL‡Z n‡e;
ŸnvZ †avIqvi Rb¨ cvqLvbv ev Zvi Kv‡Q mvevb ivL‡Z n‡e ;
Ÿ†g‡S Ges emvi c¨vb cÖwZw`b cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e;
Ÿ†Mvmj Ges †avqvi e¨eüZ cvwb c¨v‡bi M‡Z© †djv hv‡e bv;
Ÿwkï‡`i gjI M‡Z© ev j¨vwUª‡b ev cvqLvbvq †dj‡Z n‡e;
Ÿj¨vwUª‡b †h‡Z mevB‡K m¨v‡Ûj e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
cvqLvbv i¶Yv‡e¶Y ̧ iæZ¡c~Y© welq¸‡jv wbgœiƒc
Ÿemvi c¨vb I Rjve× Ask †f‡½ hvq wKbv Zv wbqwgZ cix¶v Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †f‡½ ev †d‡U hvq Z‡e Zv Awej‡¤^ cÖwZ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e;
ŸGKK MZ©wU f‡i †M‡j Zv cwiZ¨vM K‡i 0.5 wgUvi ev cÖvq 2 dzU gvwU ev QvB w`‡q f‡i †dj‡Z n‡e A_ev hvwš¿K e¨e¯’vq Lvwj K‡i †dj‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î †hB M‡Z© gj †djv n‡e †mB MZ©wUI gvwU w`‡q Pvcv w`‡Z n‡e| cÖvq †`o eQi ci GB gvwU Zz‡j mvi wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| MZ©wU gvwU w`‡q fivU K‡i w`‡j bZzb GKwU MZ© K‡i Av‡iKwU cvqLvbv ̂ Zwi Ki‡Z n‡e;
ŸcvqLvbvi wfwU, N‡ii †eov, Pvjv BZ¨vw` †f‡½ †M‡j Zv †givgZ Kiv;
Ÿ`yB M‡Z©i †¶‡Î weKí cvB‡ci ms‡hvM e·wU cix¶v Ki‡Z n‡e †h cvBc eÜ n‡q †Mj wKbv;
Ÿ`yB MZ© wewkó cvqLvbvi e¨enviKvixiv M‡Z©i g‡ji ̄ Íi wbqwgZfv‡e †Lqvj ivL‡eb †h, †mUv f‡i †Mj wKbv;
ŸGKwU MZ© f‡i †M‡j Ab¨wU e¨env‡ii Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z ivL‡Z n‡e;
ŸcvqLvbvi MZ© f‡i †M‡j, hLb M‡Z©i gqjv ev gj AcmviY Kiv n‡e, ZLb Av‡kcv‡ki cwi‡ek hv‡Z ̀ ~wlZ bv nq, cwi®‹vi Kivi mgq Zv †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e;
Ÿbvix-cyiƒl Dfq‡KB wbqwgZ cvqLvbv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e|
gj I cvwb evwnZ †ivMmg~n, Gi Drm, we¯Ívi Ges cÖwZ‡iva
gj I cvwb evwnZ †ivMmg~n
ŸWvqwiqv, K‡jiv, Avgvkq
ŸUvBd‡qW/c¨vivUvBd‡qW
Ÿ†cvwjI, †ncvUvBwUm G I B RwbZ RwÛm
ŸK…wg
ŸPg© †ivM
Ÿg¨v‡jwiqv, †W½y, dvB‡jwiqvwmm (†Mv` †ivM)|
cÖwZ‡iva
Ÿ†Lvjv RvqMvq gj Z¨vM cwinvi I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi
Ÿwbivc` cvwb cvb Kiv I ivbœvi Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv
ŸcvqLvbv †_‡K †divi ci, wkï‡K †kŠP KvR Kiv‡bvi ci, LvIqvi Av‡M, LvIqvi cwi‡ek‡bi Av‡M I wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M `yB nvZ mvevb w`‡q fv‡jv K‡i ayy‡q †djv
Ÿ6 gvm ch©¯Í wkï‡K ïaygvÎ ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bv
Ÿcvwb duywU‡q cvb Kiv
Ÿcvwb I Lvevi †X‡K ivLv
Ÿ†Lvjv cuPv I evmx Lvevi cwiZ¨vM Kiv
ŸcvqLvbv †_‡K †divi ci, wkï‡K †kŠP KvR Kiv‡bvi ci, LvIqvi Av‡M, LvIqvi cwi‡ek‡bi Av‡M I wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M `yB nvZ mvevb w`‡q fv‡jv K‡i ayy‡q †djv
Ÿ†Lvjv RvqMvq gj Z¨vM cwinvi I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi
Ÿwkï‡`i UvB‡dW cÖwZ‡iva wUKv MÖnY
we¯Ívi†iv‡Mi Drm†ivMmg~n
Ÿ gj Øviv `~wlZ cvwb cvb Ki‡j
Ÿ nvZ bv ay‡q Lvevi †L‡j, wkï‡K Ges Ab¨‡K LvIqv‡j
Ÿ gj Øviv `~wlZ cvwb cv‡bi gva¨‡g
Ÿ †Lvjv, `~wlZ Lvevi LvIqvi gva¨‡g
Ÿ gvwQi gva¨‡gŸ nvZ bv ay‡q Lvevi
†L‡j, wkï‡K Ges Ab¨‡K LvIqv‡j
AvµvšÍ e¨w³i gj (mvaviYZ †Lvjv, A¯^v¯’¨Ki cvqLvbvi gva¨‡g gvby‡li gj cvwb I cwi‡ek‡K `~wlZ K‡i)
UvB‡dW/ c¨vivUvBd‡qW AvµvšÍ †ivMxi gj
Wvqvwiqv RvZxq
Wvqvwiqv
K‡jiv
Avgvkq
A‡š¿i R¡i
UvB‡dW
c¨vivUvBd‡qW
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 93
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 92
ŸcvqLvbvi M‡Z© m„ó `yM©Ühy³ M¨vm h_vh_fv‡e ¯’vwcZ GKwU †f›U cvB‡ci gva¨‡g †ei K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| Gi d‡j cvqLvbv ̀ yM©Ügy³ _vK‡e Ges †jvKRb cÖwZwbqZ cvqLvbv e¨envi Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ n‡e|
ŸGQvovI cvqLvbv n‡Z n‡e Avivg`vqK, _vK‡Z n‡e †MvcbxqZv Ges wbivcËvi e¨e¯’v |
Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv n‡jv Ggb e¨e¯’v †hLv‡b gj cwi‡e‡ki ms¯ú‡k© Avm‡Z cvi‡e bv| XvKbvmn MZ© cvqLvbv, Rjve× cvqLvbv G ai‡bi e¨e¯’vi AšÍf©y³| XvKbvQvov MZ© cvqLvbv, ¸R‡bK ev IqvUvimxj fv½v cvqLvbv Ges SzjšÍ cvqLvbv ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbvi AvIqZvq c‡o bv| ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv wewfbœ ai‡Yi n‡Z cv‡i|
DbœZ ev ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨env‡ii ̧ iæZ¡c~Y© welq¸‡jv wbgœiƒc cwiev‡ii mevB ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi Ki‡e Ges ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Zfv‡e cvqLvbv e¨envi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡j wbgœ wjwLZ welq¸‡jv †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e:
ŸcvqLvbv e¨env‡ii c~‡e© mvgvb¨ cvwb c¨v‡b †X‡j c¨vbwU wfwR‡q wb‡Z n‡e G‡Z c¨v‡bi gqjv †j‡M _vK‡e bv;
ŸcÖ‡Z¨Kevi e¨env‡ii ci c¨v‡b 1-2 e`bv (K‡qK wjUvi) cvwb †X‡j cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e c¨v‡bi M‡Z© ev Mv‡q gj bv _v‡K;
Ÿg‡ji hvZvqZ c_ hv‡Z eÜ n‡q bv hvq †m Rb¨ cvqLvbvq †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB Kvc‡oi UzKiv, bu¨vKov, m¨vwbUvwi b¨vcwKb, wXjv-Kzjyc BZ¨vw` †djv hv‡e bv| GMy‡jv †djvi Rb¨ cvqLvbvi GK †Kvbvq GKwU gvwUi cvÎ ivL‡Z n‡e;
ŸcvqLvbvi Rjve× Ask jvwV ev Ab¨ †Kvb k³ wKQz w`‡q fv½v hv‡e bv-GUv bv _vK‡j ̀ yM©Ü Qov‡e, gvwQ XyK‡e d‡j ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z _K‡e bv;
Ÿj¨vwUª‡b ev Zvi Kv‡Q e¨env‡ii Rb¨ ch©vß cvwb ivL‡Z n‡e;
ŸnvZ †avIqvi Rb¨ cvqLvbv ev Zvi Kv‡Q mvevb ivL‡Z n‡e ;
Ÿ†g‡S Ges emvi c¨vb cÖwZw`b cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e;
Ÿ†Mvmj Ges †avqvi e¨eüZ cvwb c¨v‡bi M‡Z© †djv hv‡e bv;
Ÿwkï‡`i gjI M‡Z© ev j¨vwUª‡b ev cvqLvbvq †dj‡Z n‡e;
Ÿj¨vwUª‡b †h‡Z mevB‡K m¨v‡Ûj e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
cvqLvbv i¶Yv‡e¶Y ̧ iæZ¡c~Y© welq¸‡jv wbgœiƒc
Ÿemvi c¨vb I Rjve× Ask †f‡½ hvq wKbv Zv wbqwgZ cix¶v Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †f‡½ ev †d‡U hvq Z‡e Zv Awej‡¤^ cÖwZ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e;
ŸGKK MZ©wU f‡i †M‡j Zv cwiZ¨vM K‡i 0.5 wgUvi ev cÖvq 2 dzU gvwU ev QvB w`‡q f‡i †dj‡Z n‡e A_ev hvwš¿K e¨e¯’vq Lvwj K‡i †dj‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î †hB M‡Z© gj †djv n‡e †mB MZ©wUI gvwU w`‡q Pvcv w`‡Z n‡e| cÖvq †`o eQi ci GB gvwU Zz‡j mvi wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| MZ©wU gvwU w`‡q fivU K‡i w`‡j bZzb GKwU MZ© K‡i Av‡iKwU cvqLvbv ̂ Zwi Ki‡Z n‡e;
ŸcvqLvbvi wfwU, N‡ii †eov, Pvjv BZ¨vw` †f‡½ †M‡j Zv †givgZ Kiv;
Ÿ`yB M‡Z©i †¶‡Î weKí cvB‡ci ms‡hvM e·wU cix¶v Ki‡Z n‡e †h cvBc eÜ n‡q †Mj wKbv;
Ÿ`yB MZ© wewkó cvqLvbvi e¨enviKvixiv M‡Z©i g‡ji ̄ Íi wbqwgZfv‡e †Lqvj ivL‡eb †h, †mUv f‡i †Mj wKbv;
ŸGKwU MZ© f‡i †M‡j Ab¨wU e¨env‡ii Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z ivL‡Z n‡e;
ŸcvqLvbvi MZ© f‡i †M‡j, hLb M‡Z©i gqjv ev gj AcmviY Kiv n‡e, ZLb Av‡kcv‡ki cwi‡ek hv‡Z ̀ ~wlZ bv nq, cwi®‹vi Kivi mgq Zv †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e;
Ÿbvix-cyiƒl Dfq‡KB wbqwgZ cvqLvbv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e|
gj I cvwb evwnZ †ivMmg~n, Gi Drm, we¯Ívi Ges cÖwZ‡iva
gj I cvwb evwnZ †ivMmg~n
ŸWvqwiqv, K‡jiv, Avgvkq
ŸUvBd‡qW/c¨vivUvBd‡qW
Ÿ†cvwjI, †ncvUvBwUm G I B RwbZ RwÛm
ŸK…wg
ŸPg© †ivM
Ÿg¨v‡jwiqv, †W½y, dvB‡jwiqvwmm (†Mv` †ivM)|
cÖwZ‡iva
Ÿ†Lvjv RvqMvq gj Z¨vM cwinvi I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi
Ÿwbivc` cvwb cvb Kiv I ivbœvi Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv
ŸcvqLvbv †_‡K †divi ci, wkï‡K †kŠP KvR Kiv‡bvi ci, LvIqvi Av‡M, LvIqvi cwi‡ek‡bi Av‡M I wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M `yB nvZ mvevb w`‡q fv‡jv K‡i ayy‡q †djv
Ÿ6 gvm ch©¯Í wkï‡K ïaygvÎ ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bv
Ÿcvwb duywU‡q cvb Kiv
Ÿcvwb I Lvevi †X‡K ivLv
Ÿ†Lvjv cuPv I evmx Lvevi cwiZ¨vM Kiv
ŸcvqLvbv †_‡K †divi ci, wkï‡K †kŠP KvR Kiv‡bvi ci, LvIqvi Av‡M, LvIqvi cwi‡ek‡bi Av‡M I wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M `yB nvZ mvevb w`‡q fv‡jv K‡i ayy‡q †djv
Ÿ†Lvjv RvqMvq gj Z¨vM cwinvi I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi
Ÿwkï‡`i UvB‡dW cÖwZ‡iva wUKv MÖnY
we¯Ívi†iv‡Mi Drm†ivMmg~n
Ÿ gj Øviv `~wlZ cvwb cvb Ki‡j
Ÿ nvZ bv ay‡q Lvevi †L‡j, wkï‡K Ges Ab¨‡K LvIqv‡j
Ÿ gj Øviv `~wlZ cvwb cv‡bi gva¨‡g
Ÿ †Lvjv, `~wlZ Lvevi LvIqvi gva¨‡g
Ÿ gvwQi gva¨‡gŸ nvZ bv ay‡q Lvevi
†L‡j, wkï‡K Ges Ab¨‡K LvIqv‡j
AvµvšÍ e¨w³i gj (mvaviYZ †Lvjv, A¯^v¯’¨Ki cvqLvbvi gva¨‡g gvby‡li gj cvwb I cwi‡ek‡K `~wlZ K‡i)
UvB‡dW/ c¨vivUvBd‡qW AvµvšÍ †ivMxi gj
Wvqvwiqv RvZxq
Wvqvwiqv
K‡jiv
Avgvkq
A‡š¿i R¡i
UvB‡dW
c¨vivUvBd‡qW
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 93
gvwU
cvwb
gyL
Lvevi
gvwQ
Acwi®‹vi nvZ
gj
cÖwZ‡iva
Ÿ†Lvjv RvqMvq gj Z¨vM cwinvi I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi
Ÿwbivc` cvwb cvb Kiv I ivbœvi Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv
Ÿ†Lvjv cuPv I evmx Lvevi cwiZ¨vM Kiv
ŸcvqLvbv †_‡K †divi ci, wkï‡K †kŠP KvR Kiv‡bvi ci, LvIqvi Av‡M, LvIqvi cwi‡ek‡bi Av‡M I wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M `By nvZ mvevb w`‡q fv‡jv K‡i a‡yy q †djv
Ÿwkï‡K R‡b¥i ci †_‡K 9 gv‡mi g‡a¨ wbqgvbymv‡i 7wU wUKv cÖ`vb
Ÿ†Lvjv RvqMvq gj Z¨vM cwinvi I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi
ŸcvqLvbv †_‡K †divi ci, wkï‡K †kŠP KvR Kiv‡bvi ci, LvIqvi Av‡M, LvIqvi cwi‡ek‡bi Av‡M I wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M `By nvZ mvevb w`‡q fv‡jv K‡i a‡y q †djv
Ÿm¨v‡Ûj cv‡q cvqLvbvq hvIqv
ŸKuvPv mewR fv‡jv K‡i ay‡q LvIqv
ŸwbqwgZ nv‡Zi bL †K‡U †QvU ivLv
Ÿ6 gvm AšÍi AšÍi cwiev‡ii mK‡j K…wgbvkK ewo †meb (miKv‡ii cÖPwjZ wbqg Abymv‡i)
Ÿevwoi Av‡k cv‡ki †SuvcSvo cwi”Qbœ ivLv
Ÿwbw`©ó ¯’v‡b gqjv AveR©bv †djv I †X‡K ivLv
Ÿ†Wª‡bR e¨e¯’v Kvh©Ki ivLv|
Ÿ†h mKj cv‡Î/ Avav‡i cvwb R‡g _vK‡Z cv‡i †hgb: K¨vb, Wv‡ei †Lvmv, dz‡ji Ue BZ¨vw` m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c webó Kiv ev cvwb Rg‡Z bv †`qv
we¯Ívi†iv‡Mi Drm†ivMmg~n
Ÿ gj Øviv `~wlZ cvwb cvb Kivi gva¨‡g
Ÿ nvZ bv ay‡q Lvevi †L‡j, wkï‡K Ges Ab¨‡K LvIqv‡j
Ÿ `~wlZ Lvevi LvIqvi gva¨‡g
Ÿ nvZ bv ay‡q Lvevi LvIqv ev Ab¨‡K/ wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi gva¨‡g
Ÿ KuvPv mewR fv‡jv K‡i bv ay‡q ivbœv Ki‡j ev †L‡j
Ÿ AvµvšÍ gvwU‡Z Lvwj cv‡q nvU‡j ev m¨v‡Ûj bv c‡i cvqLvbvq †M‡j (¸ov K…wgi wWg cv‡qi Pvgov wQ`ª K‡i kix‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i I esk we¯Ívi K‡i)
Ÿ G mKj †ivM gkvi Kvg‡oi gva¨‡g QvWvq| GB †iv‡Mi RxevYy enbKvix gkv evwoi Av‡k cv‡ki gqjv AveR©bvi ¯‘c I †SvcSv‡o, e× cvwb‡Z wWg cv‡o I esk we¯Ívi K‡i|
Ÿ AvµvšÍ e¨w³‡K `sk‡bi gva¨‡g gkvi g‡a¨ G †iv‡Mi RxevYy cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges `ªæZ esk we¯Ívi K‡i| AvµvšÍ gkv my¯’ e¨w³‡K `skb Ki‡j
†cvwjI I †ncvUvBwUm- G, B †ivM AvµvšÍ e¨w³i gj
Ÿ AvµvšÍ e¨w³i gj
Ÿ gvwU‡Z K…wgi wWg
Ÿ KuvPv, A‡avqv kvK-meRx
Ÿ AvµvšÍ e¨w³i i³
†cvwjI, †ncvUvBwUm G I B RwbZ RwÛm
K…wg msÎgY (†Mvj K…wg, ¸ov K…wg, wdZv K…wg)
cwi‡ek `ylY I Rjve×Zv RwbZ †ivM, g¨v‡jwiqv, †W½y, dvB‡jwiqvwmm (†Mv` †ivM)
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 94 95
gj †_‡K gy‡L RxevYy cÖ‡e‡ki gva¨g : 5F WvqvMÖvg
†Lvjv ¯’v‡b gj Z¨vM Kiv n‡j †mB gj 5wU Gd-Gi gva¨‡g gvbe †`‡n cÖ‡ek K‡i gvbyl‡K †ivMvµvšÍ K‡i| GB 5wU Gd n‡jv:
F (wd½vi) = Av½yj
F (d¬vBm) = gvwQ
F (wdì) = gvwU
F (d¬zBW) = Zij ev cvwb Ges
F (dzW) = Lvevi
cÖwZ‡iva
Ÿe¨w³MZ ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©v †hgb- †Mvmj, nvZ gyL †avqvi Kv‡R cwi®‹vi cvwb e¨envi Kiv
ŸAvµvšÍ e¨w³i weQvbv, †cvlvK wbqwgZ mvevb I cwi®‹vi cvwb w`‡q ay‡q †djv
ŸmgqgZ wbw`©ó wPwKrmv MÖnY
we¯Ívi†iv‡Mi Drm†ivMmg~n
GB †ivM Qwo‡q c‡o|
Ÿ †bvsiv/ `~wlZ cvwb †Mvmj I Kvco †avqvi Kv‡R e¨envi Kivi gva¨‡g
Ÿ cvwbi Afv‡e wbqwgZ cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ _vK‡Z bv cvi‡j
Ÿ Pg©‡ivM, †Lvm-cuvPov, ¯‹¨vwem AvµvšÍ e¨w³i Kvco-†Pvco, weQvbvcÎ e¨envi Ki‡j
Ÿ AvµvšÍ e¨w³
Pg©‡ivM, †Lvm cuvPov
gvwU
cvwb
gyL
Lvevi
gvwQ
Acwi®‹vi nvZ
gj
cÖwZ‡iva
Ÿ†Lvjv RvqMvq gj Z¨vM cwinvi I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi
Ÿwbivc` cvwb cvb Kiv I ivbœvi Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv
Ÿ†Lvjv cuPv I evmx Lvevi cwiZ¨vM Kiv
ŸcvqLvbv †_‡K †divi ci, wkï‡K †kŠP KvR Kiv‡bvi ci, LvIqvi Av‡M, LvIqvi cwi‡ek‡bi Av‡M I wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M `By nvZ mvevb w`‡q fv‡jv K‡i a‡yy q †djv
Ÿwkï‡K R‡b¥i ci †_‡K 9 gv‡mi g‡a¨ wbqgvbymv‡i 7wU wUKv cÖ`vb
Ÿ†Lvjv RvqMvq gj Z¨vM cwinvi I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi
ŸcvqLvbv †_‡K †divi ci, wkï‡K †kŠP KvR Kiv‡bvi ci, LvIqvi Av‡M, LvIqvi cwi‡ek‡bi Av‡M I wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M `By nvZ mvevb w`‡q fv‡jv K‡i a‡y q †djv
Ÿm¨v‡Ûj cv‡q cvqLvbvq hvIqv
ŸKuvPv mewR fv‡jv K‡i ay‡q LvIqv
ŸwbqwgZ nv‡Zi bL †K‡U †QvU ivLv
Ÿ6 gvm AšÍi AšÍi cwiev‡ii mK‡j K…wgbvkK ewo †meb (miKv‡ii cÖPwjZ wbqg Abymv‡i)
Ÿevwoi Av‡k cv‡ki †SuvcSvo cwi”Qbœ ivLv
Ÿwbw`©ó ¯’v‡b gqjv AveR©bv †djv I †X‡K ivLv
Ÿ†Wª‡bR e¨e¯’v Kvh©Ki ivLv|
Ÿ†h mKj cv‡Î/ Avav‡i cvwb R‡g _vK‡Z cv‡i †hgb: K¨vb, Wv‡ei †Lvmv, dz‡ji Ue BZ¨vw` m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c webó Kiv ev cvwb Rg‡Z bv †`qv
we¯Ívi†iv‡Mi Drm†ivMmg~n
Ÿ gj Øviv `~wlZ cvwb cvb Kivi gva¨‡g
Ÿ nvZ bv ay‡q Lvevi †L‡j, wkï‡K Ges Ab¨‡K LvIqv‡j
Ÿ `~wlZ Lvevi LvIqvi gva¨‡g
Ÿ nvZ bv ay‡q Lvevi LvIqv ev Ab¨‡K/ wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi gva¨‡g
Ÿ KuvPv mewR fv‡jv K‡i bv ay‡q ivbœv Ki‡j ev †L‡j
Ÿ AvµvšÍ gvwU‡Z Lvwj cv‡q nvU‡j ev m¨v‡Ûj bv c‡i cvqLvbvq †M‡j (¸ov K…wgi wWg cv‡qi Pvgov wQ`ª K‡i kix‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i I esk we¯Ívi K‡i)
Ÿ G mKj †ivM gkvi Kvg‡oi gva¨‡g QvWvq| GB †iv‡Mi RxevYy enbKvix gkv evwoi Av‡k cv‡ki gqjv AveR©bvi ¯‘c I †SvcSv‡o, e× cvwb‡Z wWg cv‡o I esk we¯Ívi K‡i|
Ÿ AvµvšÍ e¨w³‡K `sk‡bi gva¨‡g gkvi g‡a¨ G †iv‡Mi RxevYy cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges `ªæZ esk we¯Ívi K‡i| AvµvšÍ gkv my¯’ e¨w³‡K `skb Ki‡j
†cvwjI I †ncvUvBwUm- G, B †ivM AvµvšÍ e¨w³i gj
Ÿ AvµvšÍ e¨w³i gj
Ÿ gvwU‡Z K…wgi wWg
Ÿ KuvPv, A‡avqv kvK-meRx
Ÿ AvµvšÍ e¨w³i i³
†cvwjI, †ncvUvBwUm G I B RwbZ RwÛm
K…wg msÎgY (†Mvj K…wg, ¸ov K…wg, wdZv K…wg)
cwi‡ek `ylY I Rjve×Zv RwbZ †ivM, g¨v‡jwiqv, †W½y, dvB‡jwiqvwmm (†Mv` †ivM)
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 94 95
gj †_‡K gy‡L RxevYy cÖ‡e‡ki gva¨g : 5F WvqvMÖvg
†Lvjv ¯’v‡b gj Z¨vM Kiv n‡j †mB gj 5wU Gd-Gi gva¨‡g gvbe †`‡n cÖ‡ek K‡i gvbyl‡K †ivMvµvšÍ K‡i| GB 5wU Gd n‡jv:
F (wd½vi) = Av½yj
F (d¬vBm) = gvwQ
F (wdì) = gvwU
F (d¬zBW) = Zij ev cvwb Ges
F (dzW) = Lvevi
cÖwZ‡iva
Ÿe¨w³MZ ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©v †hgb- †Mvmj, nvZ gyL †avqvi Kv‡R cwi®‹vi cvwb e¨envi Kiv
ŸAvµvšÍ e¨w³i weQvbv, †cvlvK wbqwgZ mvevb I cwi®‹vi cvwb w`‡q ay‡q †djv
ŸmgqgZ wbw`©ó wPwKrmv MÖnY
we¯Ívi†iv‡Mi Drm†ivMmg~n
GB †ivM Qwo‡q c‡o|
Ÿ †bvsiv/ `~wlZ cvwb †Mvmj I Kvco †avqvi Kv‡R e¨envi Kivi gva¨‡g
Ÿ cvwbi Afv‡e wbqwgZ cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ _vK‡Z bv cvi‡j
Ÿ Pg©‡ivM, †Lvm-cuvPov, ¯‹¨vwem AvµvšÍ e¨w³i Kvco-†Pvco, weQvbvcÎ e¨envi Ki‡j
Ÿ AvµvšÍ e¨w³
Pg©‡ivM, †Lvm cuvPov
gvwU
cvwb
gyL
Lvevi
gvwQ
Acwi®‹vi nvZ
gj
gj †_‡K gy‡L RxevYy cÖ‡e‡ki c‡_ evavmg~n
¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi
wVKfv‡e nvZ†avqvi Af¨vm cvq
cvwb wbivc` msi¶Y
¯^v¯’m¤§Z Lv`¨ MÖnYI Lv`¨ wbivc` ivLv
cvwb Ges gjevwnZ †iv‡Mi d‡j wPwKrmv LiP (bgybv)KwgDwbwU‡Z mvaviYZ Wvqwiqv, Avgvkq ev UvBd‡qW G ai‡Yi †ivM Zzjbvg~jK †ewk n‡q _v‡K| Wvqwiqv †ivM a‡iB (bgybv) wPwKrmv Lv‡Zi wnmve †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:
Li‡Pi LvZ UvKv
Wv³v‡ii wdm eve` 200.00
†ivMxi Ilya eve` 100.00
†ivMxi c_¨ eve` 100.00
wZb Kg©w`em Aemi ev Abycw¯’Z 600.00
†ivMx‡K †`L‡Z Avmv †gngvb`vix eve` 200.00
†gvU LiP 1200.00
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 96 97
wbivc` cvwb1. Lvevi cvwbi Drm wbivc` ivwL
2. cvwb fivi Av‡M Kjm ev cv‡Îi wfZi-evwni fv‡jvfv‡e †g‡R ay‡q †bB
3. cvwb en‡bi mgq XvKbv w`‡q †X‡K Avwb
4. cvwbi Kjm ev cvÎ DuPz ̄ ’v‡b †X‡K ivwL
5. wbivc` Dcv‡q cvwb cvb Kwi|
cvb K‡i wbivc` cvwbKg‡Q †gv‡`i †ivM evjvB
Avi Rxeb nvwb
01 02
03 04
05
gvwU
cvwb
gyL
Lvevi
gvwQ
Acwi®‹vi nvZ
gj
gj †_‡K gy‡L RxevYy cÖ‡e‡ki c‡_ evavmg~n
¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi
wVKfv‡e nvZ†avqvi Af¨vm cvq
cvwb wbivc` msi¶Y
¯^v¯’m¤§Z Lv`¨ MÖnYI Lv`¨ wbivc` ivLv
cvwb Ges gjevwnZ †iv‡Mi d‡j wPwKrmv LiP (bgybv)KwgDwbwU‡Z mvaviYZ Wvqwiqv, Avgvkq ev UvBd‡qW G ai‡Yi †ivM Zzjbvg~jK †ewk n‡q _v‡K| Wvqwiqv †ivM a‡iB (bgybv) wPwKrmv Lv‡Zi wnmve †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:
Li‡Pi LvZ UvKv
Wv³v‡ii wdm eve` 200.00
†ivMxi Ilya eve` 100.00
†ivMxi c_¨ eve` 100.00
wZb Kg©w`em Aemi ev Abycw¯’Z 600.00
†ivMx‡K †`L‡Z Avmv †gngvb`vix eve` 200.00
†gvU LiP 1200.00
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 96 97
wbivc` cvwb1. Lvevi cvwbi Drm wbivc` ivwL
2. cvwb fivi Av‡M Kjm ev cv‡Îi wfZi-evwni fv‡jvfv‡e †g‡R ay‡q †bB
3. cvwb en‡bi mgq XvKbv w`‡q †X‡K Avwb
4. cvwbi Kjm ev cvÎ DuPz ̄ ’v‡b †X‡K ivwL
5. wbivc` Dcv‡q cvwb cvb Kwi|
cvb K‡i wbivc` cvwbKg‡Q †gv‡`i †ivM evjvB
Avi Rxeb nvwb
01 02
03 04
05
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 98 99
mnvqK Z_¨
wbivc` cvwb Kx?
Ÿ†h cvwbi MÜ †bB
Ÿ†h cvwbi †Kvb is †bB
Ÿ†h cvwbi Ab¨ †Kvb ̄ ^v` †bB
Ÿ†h cvwb‡Z †Kvb iKg †ivM RxevYy _v‡K bv
Ÿ†h cvwb ¶vi gy³
Ÿ†h cvwb‡Z ¶wZKi gvÎvq ivmvqwbK c`v_© _v‡K bv| †hgb: gvÎvwZwi³ Av‡m©wbK, AvqiY, †K¬vivBW BZ¨vw`|
wbivc` cvwb e¨env‡ii ̧ iæZ ¡cvwbi Aci bvg Rxeb| cvwb Rxe‡bi Rb¨ Acwinvh©¨| cvwb Qvov Rxe‡bi Aw¯ÍZ¡ Kíbv Kiv hvq bv| cvwbi bvg †hgb Rxeb Avevi cvwbi Aci bvg giYI ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| cvwbi Afv‡e †hgb g„Zz¨ Awbevh© †Zgwb `~wlZ cvwb cvb I e¨env‡ii d‡j gvbyl mn‡RB AvµvšÍ n‡q gviv hvq| †Kej gvÎ wbivc` cvwb cvb Ges e¨envi wbwðZ Kivi gva¨‡gB 25% Wvqwiqv RwbZ †ivMe¨vwa Kgv‡bv ev cÖwZ‡iva Kiv m¤¢e, myZvis GB Z_¨ †_‡KB eySv hvq wbivc` cvwb e¨env‡ii ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| †hgb:
Ÿwbivc` cvwb cvb Ges e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g †c‡Ui cxov, Wvqwiqv, RwÛm, Avgvkq, K…wg, UvBd‡qW, Pg©‡ivM BZ¨vw` †ivM cÖwZ‡iva Kviv hv‡e|
ŸAv‡m©wb‡Kvwmm †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nIqvi Avk¼v _vK‡e bv|
Ÿ¯^v¯’¨ Lv‡Z e¨q Zzjbvg~jK n«vm cv‡e|
cvwb wKfv‡e cvwb ̀ ~wlZ nq?†ekxi fvM †¶‡Î gvbylB cvwbi ̀ ~lY NwU‡q _v‡K| wKQz wKQz †¶‡Î cÖvK…wZK Dcv‡q cvwbi ̀ ~lY N‡U _v‡K| mvaviYZ: f~c„‡ôi cvwb gvby‡li Kvh©µ‡gi Øviv `~wlZ nq Ges mviv we‡k¦ GB `~l‡Yi fqvenZv e¨vcK| f~Mf©¯’ cvwbi `~lY mvaviYZ ivmvqwbK c`v_© Øviv N‡U _v‡K|
f~-c„‡ôi cvwb ̀ ~lY
Ÿgj Øviv ̀ ~lY: †Lvjv RvqMvq gj Z¨vM Ki‡j e„wói cvwbi gva¨‡g ev eb¨vi mgq Zv wbKUeZ©x Rjvkq‡K ̀ ~wlZ K‡i| ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi bv Ki‡j gj mivmwi Rjvk‡q AcmvwiZ n‡q cvwb ̀ ~wlZ K‡i| cvqLvbv †_‡K bjK~‡ci (AMfxi bjK~c) ̀ yiZ¡ wbivc` bv n‡j Zv bjK~‡ci cvwbi ̀ ~lY NUvq|
ŸNb emwZc~Y© kniv‡ji wbKUeZx© b`x ev Ab¨vb¨ Rjvkqmg~‡n GB ̀ ~l‡Yi gvÎv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ewk _v‡K|
Ÿkn‡ii wewfbœ KviLvbv, Mevw` cï I †cvwëª Lvgvi n‡Z wbM©Z ivmvqwbK I cï-cvLxi eR©¨, grm¨ n¨vPvwi n‡Z ay‡q Avmv Zij eR©¨, gv‡Qi evRvi, KmvBLvbv, nvmcvZvj I wK¬wb‡Ki Zij eR©¨ †Wª‡b cÖevwnZ nq Ges wewfbœ ai‡Yi †ivM RxevYy enb K‡i f~-c„‡ôi cvwb ̀ ~lY NwU‡q _v‡K|
f~-Mf©¯’ cvwb ̀ ~lYDrm wnmv‡e f~-Mf©¯’ cvwb mePvB‡Z wbivc` e‡j cwiMwYZ nq KviY, f~-Mf©¯’ cvwb gj Ges AveR©bv RwbZ ̀ ~lY gy³| ZviciI f~-Mf©¯’ cvwbi wewfbœ ̄ ͇i wbgœwjwLZ ivmvqwb‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ f~-Mf©¯’ cvwbi ̀ ~lY NwU‡q _v‡K:
wbivc` cvwbi aviYv I Gi e¨env‡ii ¸iæZ¡Ÿf~-Mf©¯’ cvwb‡Z gvÎvwZwi³ Av‡m©wbK
Ÿcvwb‡Z AwZwi³ cwigv‡Y AvqiY
ŸDcK~jxq A‡ji cvwb‡Z AwZwi³ jeYv³Zv|
wbivc` cvwb msMÖn, enb, e¨envi Ges msi¶Y
Ÿcvwb msMÖ‡ni c~‡e© Kjm ev cvÎwU wbivc` cvwb w`‡q Gi wfZ‡i Ges evB‡i fvjfv‡e ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e|
Ÿcvwb msMÖ‡ni mgq Kjm ev cv‡Îi gyL Ges cvwbi Dr‡mi gy†L nv‡Zi ms¯úk© hv‡Z bv jv‡M †mw`‡K jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|
Ÿcvwb en‡bi mgq cvÎwU XvKbv w`‡q †X‡K enb Ki‡Z n‡e|
ŸLvevi cvwb cwi®‹vi Kjm ev cv‡Î ivL‡Z n‡e|
Ÿcvwbi cvÎwU GKUz DuPz wbivc` ̄ ’v‡b ivL‡Z n‡e|
Ÿcvwbi cvÎwU memgq †X‡K ivL‡Z n‡e|
Ÿcvwb enb I Xvjvi mgq gqjv Av½yj hv‡Z cvwb‡Z bv jv‡M †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|
Ÿcvb Kiv I ivbœvi Kv‡R Av‡m©wbK gy³ wbivc` cvwb e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
cvwbi Drm wbivc` ivLvi Dcvq
Ÿcvwbi Drm ev wUDeI‡q‡ji cøvUd©g wbqwgZ cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e
Ÿcvwbi Drm ev wUDeI‡q‡ji cøvUd©g Gi mv‡_ eR©¨ ev e¨eüZ cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi Rb¨ †Wª‡b‡Ri e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e
ŸwbqwgZ eR©¨ cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi Rb¨ †Wª‡b‡R cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e
Ÿcvwbi Drm ev wUDeI‡q‡ji cøvUd©g †_‡K wbivc` ̀ ~i‡Z¡ (20 nvZ) cvqLvbv ̄ ’vcb ev AcmviY e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 98 99
mnvqK Z_¨
wbivc` cvwb Kx?
Ÿ†h cvwbi MÜ †bB
Ÿ†h cvwbi †Kvb is †bB
Ÿ†h cvwbi Ab¨ †Kvb ̄ ^v` †bB
Ÿ†h cvwb‡Z †Kvb iKg †ivM RxevYy _v‡K bv
Ÿ†h cvwb ¶vi gy³
Ÿ†h cvwb‡Z ¶wZKi gvÎvq ivmvqwbK c`v_© _v‡K bv| †hgb: gvÎvwZwi³ Av‡m©wbK, AvqiY, †K¬vivBW BZ¨vw`|
wbivc` cvwb e¨env‡ii ̧ iæZ ¡cvwbi Aci bvg Rxeb| cvwb Rxe‡bi Rb¨ Acwinvh©¨| cvwb Qvov Rxe‡bi Aw¯ÍZ¡ Kíbv Kiv hvq bv| cvwbi bvg †hgb Rxeb Avevi cvwbi Aci bvg giYI ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| cvwbi Afv‡e †hgb g„Zz¨ Awbevh© †Zgwb `~wlZ cvwb cvb I e¨env‡ii d‡j gvbyl mn‡RB AvµvšÍ n‡q gviv hvq| †Kej gvÎ wbivc` cvwb cvb Ges e¨envi wbwðZ Kivi gva¨‡gB 25% Wvqwiqv RwbZ †ivMe¨vwa Kgv‡bv ev cÖwZ‡iva Kiv m¤¢e, myZvis GB Z_¨ †_‡KB eySv hvq wbivc` cvwb e¨env‡ii ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| †hgb:
Ÿwbivc` cvwb cvb Ges e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g †c‡Ui cxov, Wvqwiqv, RwÛm, Avgvkq, K…wg, UvBd‡qW, Pg©‡ivM BZ¨vw` †ivM cÖwZ‡iva Kviv hv‡e|
ŸAv‡m©wb‡Kvwmm †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nIqvi Avk¼v _vK‡e bv|
Ÿ¯^v¯’¨ Lv‡Z e¨q Zzjbvg~jK n«vm cv‡e|
cvwb wKfv‡e cvwb ̀ ~wlZ nq?†ekxi fvM †¶‡Î gvbylB cvwbi ̀ ~lY NwU‡q _v‡K| wKQz wKQz †¶‡Î cÖvK…wZK Dcv‡q cvwbi ̀ ~lY N‡U _v‡K| mvaviYZ: f~c„‡ôi cvwb gvby‡li Kvh©µ‡gi Øviv `~wlZ nq Ges mviv we‡k¦ GB `~l‡Yi fqvenZv e¨vcK| f~Mf©¯’ cvwbi `~lY mvaviYZ ivmvqwbK c`v_© Øviv N‡U _v‡K|
f~-c„‡ôi cvwb ̀ ~lY
Ÿgj Øviv ̀ ~lY: †Lvjv RvqMvq gj Z¨vM Ki‡j e„wói cvwbi gva¨‡g ev eb¨vi mgq Zv wbKUeZ©x Rjvkq‡K ̀ ~wlZ K‡i| ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi bv Ki‡j gj mivmwi Rjvk‡q AcmvwiZ n‡q cvwb ̀ ~wlZ K‡i| cvqLvbv †_‡K bjK~‡ci (AMfxi bjK~c) ̀ yiZ¡ wbivc` bv n‡j Zv bjK~‡ci cvwbi ̀ ~lY NUvq|
ŸNb emwZc~Y© kniv‡ji wbKUeZx© b`x ev Ab¨vb¨ Rjvkqmg~‡n GB ̀ ~l‡Yi gvÎv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ewk _v‡K|
Ÿkn‡ii wewfbœ KviLvbv, Mevw` cï I †cvwëª Lvgvi n‡Z wbM©Z ivmvqwbK I cï-cvLxi eR©¨, grm¨ n¨vPvwi n‡Z ay‡q Avmv Zij eR©¨, gv‡Qi evRvi, KmvBLvbv, nvmcvZvj I wK¬wb‡Ki Zij eR©¨ †Wª‡b cÖevwnZ nq Ges wewfbœ ai‡Yi †ivM RxevYy enb K‡i f~-c„‡ôi cvwb ̀ ~lY NwU‡q _v‡K|
f~-Mf©¯’ cvwb ̀ ~lYDrm wnmv‡e f~-Mf©¯’ cvwb mePvB‡Z wbivc` e‡j cwiMwYZ nq KviY, f~-Mf©¯’ cvwb gj Ges AveR©bv RwbZ ̀ ~lY gy³| ZviciI f~-Mf©¯’ cvwbi wewfbœ ̄ ͇i wbgœwjwLZ ivmvqwb‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ f~-Mf©¯’ cvwbi ̀ ~lY NwU‡q _v‡K:
wbivc` cvwbi aviYv I Gi e¨env‡ii ¸iæZ¡Ÿf~-Mf©¯’ cvwb‡Z gvÎvwZwi³ Av‡m©wbK
Ÿcvwb‡Z AwZwi³ cwigv‡Y AvqiY
ŸDcK~jxq A‡ji cvwb‡Z AwZwi³ jeYv³Zv|
wbivc` cvwb msMÖn, enb, e¨envi Ges msi¶Y
Ÿcvwb msMÖ‡ni c~‡e© Kjm ev cvÎwU wbivc` cvwb w`‡q Gi wfZ‡i Ges evB‡i fvjfv‡e ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e|
Ÿcvwb msMÖ‡ni mgq Kjm ev cv‡Îi gyL Ges cvwbi Dr‡mi gy†L nv‡Zi ms¯úk© hv‡Z bv jv‡M †mw`‡K jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|
Ÿcvwb en‡bi mgq cvÎwU XvKbv w`‡q †X‡K enb Ki‡Z n‡e|
ŸLvevi cvwb cwi®‹vi Kjm ev cv‡Î ivL‡Z n‡e|
Ÿcvwbi cvÎwU GKUz DuPz wbivc` ̄ ’v‡b ivL‡Z n‡e|
Ÿcvwbi cvÎwU memgq †X‡K ivL‡Z n‡e|
Ÿcvwb enb I Xvjvi mgq gqjv Av½yj hv‡Z cvwb‡Z bv jv‡M †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|
Ÿcvb Kiv I ivbœvi Kv‡R Av‡m©wbK gy³ wbivc` cvwb e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
cvwbi Drm wbivc` ivLvi Dcvq
Ÿcvwbi Drm ev wUDeI‡q‡ji cøvUd©g wbqwgZ cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e
Ÿcvwbi Drm ev wUDeI‡q‡ji cøvUd©g Gi mv‡_ eR©¨ ev e¨eüZ cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi Rb¨ †Wª‡b‡Ri e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e
ŸwbqwgZ eR©¨ cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi Rb¨ †Wª‡b‡R cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e
Ÿcvwbi Drm ev wUDeI‡q‡ji cøvUd©g †_‡K wbivc` ̀ ~i‡Z¡ (20 nvZ) cvqLvbv ̄ ’vcb ev AcmviY e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 100 101
FZzKvjxb ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm m¤úwK©Z d¬vm KvW© (Menstrual Hygiene)
d¬vm KvW© FZzKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm g~jZt wK‡kvix I gv‡`i FZzKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨ evZ©v mw¤^wjZ nvBwRb DcKiY| G Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g FZzKvjxb ̄ ^v¯’vf¨vm cvj‡bi Rb¨ wK‡kvix I gv‡`i‡K 4wU evZ©v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e hv‡Z K‡i Zviv FZzKvjxb mg‡q ¸iæZ¡ mnKv‡i wbqg¸‡jv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
D‡Ïk¨:
ŸKvW© †`‡L AskMÖnYKvixMY mn‡RB Av‡jvP¨ welqwU m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb;
ŸnvBwR‡bi evZ©v m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡e Ges wbqg cvj‡b DØy× n‡e;
ŸgwbUwis Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡b mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡e Ges Z_¨ †c‡Z mnR n‡e|
mnvqK:gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©xMY iwe-ivYx †mkb cwiPvjbvq mnvqZv Ki‡eb| mnvqK Aek¨B gwnjv n‡Z n‡e|
AskMÖnYKvix:wK‡kvix I gv|
mgq:50 wgwbU|
e¨w³MZ cwi”QbœZv eRvq ivwLmy¯’, mej, my›`i _vwK
01 02
02 03
FZzKvjxb ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm1. FZzKvjxb mg‡q b¨vcwKb ev cwi®‹vi Kvco e¨envi Kwi
2. e¨eüZ Kvco mvevb I cwi®‹vi cvwb w`‡q ayB Ges †iŠ‡`ª fv‡jvfv‡e ïKvB
3. e¨eüZ Kvco mwVK Dcv‡q msiÿY Kwi|
(e¨eüZ b¨vcwKb ev cwiZ¨³ Kvco wbw`©ó M‡Z© cy‡Z ivwL|)
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 100 101
FZzKvjxb ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm m¤úwK©Z d¬vm KvW© (Menstrual Hygiene)
d¬vm KvW© FZzKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm g~jZt wK‡kvix I gv‡`i FZzKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨ evZ©v mw¤^wjZ nvBwRb DcKiY| G Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g FZzKvjxb ̄ ^v¯’vf¨vm cvj‡bi Rb¨ wK‡kvix I gv‡`i‡K 4wU evZ©v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e hv‡Z K‡i Zviv FZzKvjxb mg‡q ¸iæZ¡ mnKv‡i wbqg¸‡jv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
D‡Ïk¨:
ŸKvW© †`‡L AskMÖnYKvixMY mn‡RB Av‡jvP¨ welqwU m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb;
ŸnvBwR‡bi evZ©v m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡e Ges wbqg cvj‡b DØy× n‡e;
ŸgwbUwis Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡b mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡e Ges Z_¨ †c‡Z mnR n‡e|
mnvqK:gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©xMY iwe-ivYx †mkb cwiPvjbvq mnvqZv Ki‡eb| mnvqK Aek¨B gwnjv n‡Z n‡e|
AskMÖnYKvix:wK‡kvix I gv|
mgq:50 wgwbU|
e¨w³MZ cwi”QbœZv eRvq ivwLmy¯’, mej, my›`i _vwK
01 02
02 03
FZzKvjxb ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm1. FZzKvjxb mg‡q b¨vcwKb ev cwi®‹vi Kvco e¨envi Kwi
2. e¨eüZ Kvco mvevb I cwi®‹vi cvwb w`‡q ayB Ges †iŠ‡`ª fv‡jvfv‡e ïKvB
3. e¨eüZ Kvco mwVK Dcv‡q msiÿY Kwi|
(e¨eüZ b¨vcwKb ev cwiZ¨³ Kvco wbw`©ó M‡Z© cy‡Z ivwL|)
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 102 103
mnvqK Z_¨ CPK/CSP Gi Rb¨ Z_¨
ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ wK‡kvix‡`i †`‡n wKQz bZzb cÖwµqv ïiæ nq| Gi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ gvwmK ev FZymªve nIqv| FZzmªve †Kvb AmyL ev A¯^vfvweK wKQz bq| GUv GKUv mg‡qi kvixwiK cÖwµqv| G FZzmªve ev gvwmK, ̄ ¿x ni‡gvb bvgK Zij c`v‡_©i cÖfv‡e n‡q _v‡K| cÖwZ gv‡m wW¤^vkq †_‡K ̀ ywU ̄ ¿x ni‡gvb †ei nq hv Rivqy‡Z wWg MÖn‡Yi cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i| G ni‡gvb¸‡jvi gvÎv gv‡mi we‡kl mg‡q e„w× cvq Ges wWg wbwl³ bv nIqvq GKmgq K‡g hvq| G K‡gi mgq, Rivqyi wfZ‡ii ¯Íi, hv wWg MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ †e‡o D‡VwQj Zv S‡i c‡i I gvwmK wn‡m‡e †`Lv †`q| G i³ mvaviYZ 3-5 w`b S‡i _v‡K| bvix‡`‡ni G cÖwµqv mvaviYZ 28 w`b AšÍi AšÍi n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e KLbI KLbI 24 w`‡b n‡Z cv‡i Avevi 34 w`‡bI n‡Z cv‡i| gvwmK mvaviYZ 9-14 ermi eq‡mi g‡a¨ ïiæ n‡q _v‡K| hw` G mg‡qi g‡a¨ G cÖwµqv ïiæ bv nq, Zvn‡j wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© †bqv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ_g cÖ_g gvwm‡Ki mgq i‡³i cwigv‡YiI ZviZg¨ n‡Z cv‡i| GQvov FZzmªve ev gvwm‡Ki Av‡M ev gvwm‡Ki mgq Zj‡c‡U e¨_v n‡Z cv‡i| AweevwnZ‡`i †¶‡Î G Ae¯’v †ekx †`Lv hvq|
bvix‡`i mšÍvb avi‡Yi Rb¨ Ges kvixwiK my¯’Zvi Rb¨ gvwmK GKwU ̧ iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| GKRb bvixi my¯’fv‡e Ges mgqgZ gv nIqvi e¨vcv‡i gvwm‡Ki ̧ iæZ¡ Acwinvh©¨|
Avgiv GUvI Rvwb †h, GKRb wK‡kvixi eqm hZB †nvK bv †Kb, hZw`b ch©šÍ Zvi gvwmK bv nq, ZZw`b ch©šÍ †m gv n‡Z m¶g nq bv| GB mg‡q wKQy we‡kl ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm PP©v I cywóKi Lvevi MÖnY bvixi kixi wb‡ivM I Kg©¶g ivL‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| cvkvcvwk Acwi”Qbœ gvwm‡Ki e¨e¯’vcbvi Af¨vm bvix‡`i ̀ xN©‡gqvw` RwUj †iv‡Mi m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i hv †_‡K Rivqy I wW¤^bvjxi msµgb †_‡K ïiæ K‡i eÜvZ¡ ch©šÍ NU‡Z cv‡i| wbqwgZ gvwmK kvixwiK my¯’Zv Avbvq‡b mnvqZv K‡i Ges bvix‡`i bvbv iKg †g‡qjx/ ̄ ¿x‡ivM RvZxq mgm¨v †_‡K ̀ y‡i iv‡L| ̀ xN©‡gqv`x my¯’Zv bvix‡K RvZxq Dbœq‡b f~wgKv ivL‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| wKš‘ kvixwiK Amy¯’Zv bvix‡`i ¯^vfvweK Kg©¶gZv n«vm K‡i hv RvZxq Dbœq‡b cÖfve †d‡j|
FZzKvjxb ev gvwmK PjvKvjxb mg‡q cÖvq mKj GjvKv‡ZB Kg †ekx wKQz Af¨vm ev Kyms¯‹v‡ii cÖPjb Av‡Q| MÖv‡gi †P‡q Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e kn‡i Ae¯’v GKUz fvj, Z‡e kn‡ii ew¯Í GjvKvq Ae¯’v G‡Kev‡iB bvRyK| AÂj †f‡` †h mKj Af¨vm ev Kyms¯‹v‡ii cÖPjb i‡q‡Q Zv wb¤œiƒc-
ŸcywóKi Lvevi eÜ K‡i †`Iqv nq, wK‡kvix‡`i †¶‡Î FZzmªve †ekx n‡e e‡j
ŸcÖ‡qvR‡b Wv³vi †`Lv‡bv nq bv
ŸKweivR ev nvZz‡o wPwKrmv †`Iqv nq
Ÿc„_K weQvbvq Nygv‡Z †`qv nq
ŸN‡i cÖvq eÜx Ae¯’vq ivLv nq
Ÿgwnjv‡`i †¶‡Î ivbœv N‡ii, †MvqvjN‡ii KvR Ki‡Z †`qv nq bv
ŸgvwUi cvÎ ai‡Z cv‡i bv
ŸhLbB gvwmK ïiæ †nvK bv †Kb ZLbB †Mvmj Ki‡Z nq
Ÿgv_vq †Zj wb‡Z †`qv nq bv
gvwmK I wbivc` e¨e¯’vcbv
¸iæZ¡/cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
GjvKv /mgv‡R FZzKvjxb we‡kl ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©v welqK cÖPwjZ Ae¯’v/ Af¨vm/ Kyms¯‹vi
Ÿgvwm‡Ki e¨eüZ Kvco †jvKP¶zi Avov‡j ivL‡Z n‡e
Ÿ†g‡q eo n‡q wM‡q‡Q weavq ̄ ^vfvweK Pjv‡div eÜ K‡i †`qv nq
Ÿ†g‡qi we‡qi Rb¨ evev gv D`MÖxe n‡q c‡o
ŸA‡bK †¶‡Î ̄ ‹z‡j hvIqv eÜ n‡q hvq
Ÿ¯^vfvweK †LjvayjvI eÜ K‡i †`qv nq
ŸA‡bK AwffveK wK‡kvix‡`i gvbwmK mnvqZv †`Iqvi cwie‡Z© gvbwmK AkvwšÍ evwo‡q †Zv‡j
Ÿmܨvi ci N‡ii evB‡i †h‡Z †`qv nq bv
ŸBZ¨vw`|
Avgiv Rvwb cÖPwjZ Af¨vm cwieZ©b Lye mnmmva¨ bq| ZviciI Amva¨ e‡j wKQz †bB| D`vnviY wnmv‡e GB MvBW jvBb cÖYq‡bi K_vB ejv †h‡Z cv‡i, hv e¨envi Ges cÖPvi K‡i A‡bK‡KB m‡PZb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wKQz w`b Av‡MI aviYv Kiv nq bvB Ggb GKwU welq wb‡q mK‡j wg‡j K_v ejv hvq hv wKbv GKvšÍB †Mvcbxq welq| myZvis Ggb ¯úk©KvZi welq wb‡q hw` cÖwk¶Y n‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j G wel‡q mgv‡R cÖPwjZ BwZevPK cwieZ©bI m¤¢e| G‡¶‡Î mgvR, cwiev‡ii h‡_ó KiYxq Av‡Q| cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q h‡_ó Z_¨ cÖvwßi, fzj Z‡_¨i Aemvb Ges m‡PZbZvi|
cwievi Ges we`¨vjq wk¶v Rxe‡bi cÖ_g we`¨vcxV| ZvB cwieZ©b ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e GLvb †_‡KB| cvwievwiK ch©v‡q gv, eo †evb, fvex, evev‡K m‡PZb Ki‡Z n‡e †mk‡bi gva¨‡g, wewfbœ Z_¨ Ges DcKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨| Abyiƒcfv‡e ¯‹z‡j wk¶K‡`i gva¨‡g|
bvix‡`i FZzmªve wb‡q †Kvb mgm¨v n‡j Zv ̄ ^vgxi mv‡_ †Lvjv‡gjvfv‡e K_v e‡j cÖ‡qvR‡b Wv³v‡ii civgk© †bIqv| G welqwU †h Ae‡njvi bq, Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í cwiev‡ii mevi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kiv, welqwU j¾vi bq Zv eywS‡q ejv mevB‡K| G Rb¨ cwiev‡ii cyiæl KZ©v whwb Zvi mv‡_ cwiev‡ii †h bvix Zvi DwPZ welqwU wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv| wK‡kvix‡`i welqwU A‡bK ¯úk©KvZi| gv, eo‡evb, fvex mevi DwPZ FZzmªve †h ¯^vfvweK GKwU welq Zv Zv‡K eywS‡q †`qv| wK‡kvixi w`‡K GKUz evowZ hZœ †bqv, mvg_© Abyhvqx Zv‡K cywóKi Lvevi †`qv, cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZvi welqwU eywS‡q †`qv cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖ_g w`‡K c¨vW, Kvco cwieZ©‡b mvnvh¨ Kiv| m‡e©vcwi welqwU c~e© †_‡KB aviYv w`‡q ivLv| Gi evB‡ii A‡bK wKQz n‡Z cv‡i ev Kivi _vK‡Z cv‡i| GBfv‡eB ch©vqµ‡g mgv‡Ri cÖPwjZ Af¨vm/ Kzms¯‹v‡ii BwZevPK cwieZ©b Avm‡e| G‡¶‡Î f~wgKv ivL‡eb ciwev‡ii m`m¨MY, ms¯’vi Kg©x, gwnjv KvDwÝji, wkw¶Kv, Dbœqb Kg©x I miKv‡ii ¯^v¯’¨ Kg©xMY|
Ÿcyiv‡bv Kvco
ŸZzjv
Ÿc¨vW
ŸgvwUi ̀ jv
ŸwKQzB e¨envi K‡i bv|
cÖPwjZ Af¨vm/ Kyms¯‹v‡ii cwieZ©b
¯^vaviYZ gvwmK PjvKvjxb PP©v
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 102 103
mnvqK Z_¨ CPK/CSP Gi Rb¨ Z_¨
ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ wK‡kvix‡`i †`‡n wKQz bZzb cÖwµqv ïiæ nq| Gi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ gvwmK ev FZymªve nIqv| FZzmªve †Kvb AmyL ev A¯^vfvweK wKQz bq| GUv GKUv mg‡qi kvixwiK cÖwµqv| G FZzmªve ev gvwmK, ̄ ¿x ni‡gvb bvgK Zij c`v‡_©i cÖfv‡e n‡q _v‡K| cÖwZ gv‡m wW¤^vkq †_‡K ̀ ywU ̄ ¿x ni‡gvb †ei nq hv Rivqy‡Z wWg MÖn‡Yi cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i| G ni‡gvb¸‡jvi gvÎv gv‡mi we‡kl mg‡q e„w× cvq Ges wWg wbwl³ bv nIqvq GKmgq K‡g hvq| G K‡gi mgq, Rivqyi wfZ‡ii ¯Íi, hv wWg MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ †e‡o D‡VwQj Zv S‡i c‡i I gvwmK wn‡m‡e †`Lv †`q| G i³ mvaviYZ 3-5 w`b S‡i _v‡K| bvix‡`‡ni G cÖwµqv mvaviYZ 28 w`b AšÍi AšÍi n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e KLbI KLbI 24 w`‡b n‡Z cv‡i Avevi 34 w`‡bI n‡Z cv‡i| gvwmK mvaviYZ 9-14 ermi eq‡mi g‡a¨ ïiæ n‡q _v‡K| hw` G mg‡qi g‡a¨ G cÖwµqv ïiæ bv nq, Zvn‡j wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© †bqv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ_g cÖ_g gvwm‡Ki mgq i‡³i cwigv‡YiI ZviZg¨ n‡Z cv‡i| GQvov FZzmªve ev gvwm‡Ki Av‡M ev gvwm‡Ki mgq Zj‡c‡U e¨_v n‡Z cv‡i| AweevwnZ‡`i †¶‡Î G Ae¯’v †ekx †`Lv hvq|
bvix‡`i mšÍvb avi‡Yi Rb¨ Ges kvixwiK my¯’Zvi Rb¨ gvwmK GKwU ̧ iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| GKRb bvixi my¯’fv‡e Ges mgqgZ gv nIqvi e¨vcv‡i gvwm‡Ki ̧ iæZ¡ Acwinvh©¨|
Avgiv GUvI Rvwb †h, GKRb wK‡kvixi eqm hZB †nvK bv †Kb, hZw`b ch©šÍ Zvi gvwmK bv nq, ZZw`b ch©šÍ †m gv n‡Z m¶g nq bv| GB mg‡q wKQy we‡kl ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm PP©v I cywóKi Lvevi MÖnY bvixi kixi wb‡ivM I Kg©¶g ivL‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| cvkvcvwk Acwi”Qbœ gvwm‡Ki e¨e¯’vcbvi Af¨vm bvix‡`i ̀ xN©‡gqvw` RwUj †iv‡Mi m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i hv †_‡K Rivqy I wW¤^bvjxi msµgb †_‡K ïiæ K‡i eÜvZ¡ ch©šÍ NU‡Z cv‡i| wbqwgZ gvwmK kvixwiK my¯’Zv Avbvq‡b mnvqZv K‡i Ges bvix‡`i bvbv iKg †g‡qjx/ ̄ ¿x‡ivM RvZxq mgm¨v †_‡K ̀ y‡i iv‡L| ̀ xN©‡gqv`x my¯’Zv bvix‡K RvZxq Dbœq‡b f~wgKv ivL‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| wKš‘ kvixwiK Amy¯’Zv bvix‡`i ¯^vfvweK Kg©¶gZv n«vm K‡i hv RvZxq Dbœq‡b cÖfve †d‡j|
FZzKvjxb ev gvwmK PjvKvjxb mg‡q cÖvq mKj GjvKv‡ZB Kg †ekx wKQz Af¨vm ev Kyms¯‹v‡ii cÖPjb Av‡Q| MÖv‡gi †P‡q Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e kn‡i Ae¯’v GKUz fvj, Z‡e kn‡ii ew¯Í GjvKvq Ae¯’v G‡Kev‡iB bvRyK| AÂj †f‡` †h mKj Af¨vm ev Kyms¯‹v‡ii cÖPjb i‡q‡Q Zv wb¤œiƒc-
ŸcywóKi Lvevi eÜ K‡i †`Iqv nq, wK‡kvix‡`i †¶‡Î FZzmªve †ekx n‡e e‡j
ŸcÖ‡qvR‡b Wv³vi †`Lv‡bv nq bv
ŸKweivR ev nvZz‡o wPwKrmv †`Iqv nq
Ÿc„_K weQvbvq Nygv‡Z †`qv nq
ŸN‡i cÖvq eÜx Ae¯’vq ivLv nq
Ÿgwnjv‡`i †¶‡Î ivbœv N‡ii, †MvqvjN‡ii KvR Ki‡Z †`qv nq bv
ŸgvwUi cvÎ ai‡Z cv‡i bv
ŸhLbB gvwmK ïiæ †nvK bv †Kb ZLbB †Mvmj Ki‡Z nq
Ÿgv_vq †Zj wb‡Z †`qv nq bv
gvwmK I wbivc` e¨e¯’vcbv
¸iæZ¡/cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
GjvKv /mgv‡R FZzKvjxb we‡kl ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©v welqK cÖPwjZ Ae¯’v/ Af¨vm/ Kyms¯‹vi
Ÿgvwm‡Ki e¨eüZ Kvco †jvKP¶zi Avov‡j ivL‡Z n‡e
Ÿ†g‡q eo n‡q wM‡q‡Q weavq ̄ ^vfvweK Pjv‡div eÜ K‡i †`qv nq
Ÿ†g‡qi we‡qi Rb¨ evev gv D`MÖxe n‡q c‡o
ŸA‡bK †¶‡Î ̄ ‹z‡j hvIqv eÜ n‡q hvq
Ÿ¯^vfvweK †LjvayjvI eÜ K‡i †`qv nq
ŸA‡bK AwffveK wK‡kvix‡`i gvbwmK mnvqZv †`Iqvi cwie‡Z© gvbwmK AkvwšÍ evwo‡q †Zv‡j
Ÿmܨvi ci N‡ii evB‡i †h‡Z †`qv nq bv
ŸBZ¨vw`|
Avgiv Rvwb cÖPwjZ Af¨vm cwieZ©b Lye mnmmva¨ bq| ZviciI Amva¨ e‡j wKQz †bB| D`vnviY wnmv‡e GB MvBW jvBb cÖYq‡bi K_vB ejv †h‡Z cv‡i, hv e¨envi Ges cÖPvi K‡i A‡bK‡KB m‡PZb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wKQz w`b Av‡MI aviYv Kiv nq bvB Ggb GKwU welq wb‡q mK‡j wg‡j K_v ejv hvq hv wKbv GKvšÍB †Mvcbxq welq| myZvis Ggb ¯úk©KvZi welq wb‡q hw` cÖwk¶Y n‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j G wel‡q mgv‡R cÖPwjZ BwZevPK cwieZ©bI m¤¢e| G‡¶‡Î mgvR, cwiev‡ii h‡_ó KiYxq Av‡Q| cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q h‡_ó Z_¨ cÖvwßi, fzj Z‡_¨i Aemvb Ges m‡PZbZvi|
cwievi Ges we`¨vjq wk¶v Rxe‡bi cÖ_g we`¨vcxV| ZvB cwieZ©b ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e GLvb †_‡KB| cvwievwiK ch©v‡q gv, eo †evb, fvex, evev‡K m‡PZb Ki‡Z n‡e †mk‡bi gva¨‡g, wewfbœ Z_¨ Ges DcKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨| Abyiƒcfv‡e ¯‹z‡j wk¶K‡`i gva¨‡g|
bvix‡`i FZzmªve wb‡q †Kvb mgm¨v n‡j Zv ̄ ^vgxi mv‡_ †Lvjv‡gjvfv‡e K_v e‡j cÖ‡qvR‡b Wv³v‡ii civgk© †bIqv| G welqwU †h Ae‡njvi bq, Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í cwiev‡ii mevi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kiv, welqwU j¾vi bq Zv eywS‡q ejv mevB‡K| G Rb¨ cwiev‡ii cyiæl KZ©v whwb Zvi mv‡_ cwiev‡ii †h bvix Zvi DwPZ welqwU wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv| wK‡kvix‡`i welqwU A‡bK ¯úk©KvZi| gv, eo‡evb, fvex mevi DwPZ FZzmªve †h ¯^vfvweK GKwU welq Zv Zv‡K eywS‡q †`qv| wK‡kvixi w`‡K GKUz evowZ hZœ †bqv, mvg_© Abyhvqx Zv‡K cywóKi Lvevi †`qv, cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZvi welqwU eywS‡q †`qv cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖ_g w`‡K c¨vW, Kvco cwieZ©‡b mvnvh¨ Kiv| m‡e©vcwi welqwU c~e© †_‡KB aviYv w`‡q ivLv| Gi evB‡ii A‡bK wKQz n‡Z cv‡i ev Kivi _vK‡Z cv‡i| GBfv‡eB ch©vqµ‡g mgv‡Ri cÖPwjZ Af¨vm/ Kzms¯‹v‡ii BwZevPK cwieZ©b Avm‡e| G‡¶‡Î f~wgKv ivL‡eb ciwev‡ii m`m¨MY, ms¯’vi Kg©x, gwnjv KvDwÝji, wkw¶Kv, Dbœqb Kg©x I miKv‡ii ¯^v¯’¨ Kg©xMY|
Ÿcyiv‡bv Kvco
ŸZzjv
Ÿc¨vW
ŸgvwUi ̀ jv
ŸwKQzB e¨envi K‡i bv|
cÖPwjZ Af¨vm/ Kyms¯‹v‡ii cwieZ©b
¯^vaviYZ gvwmK PjvKvjxb PP©v
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 104 Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 105
eZ©gvb Ae¯’vi g›` w`K
gvwmK PjvKvjxb A¯^v¯’¨Ki PP©vi Kvi‡Y D™¢‚Z mgm¨v/†ivM
KiYxq/mgvav‡bi Dcvq
ŸKvco †avqvi wbivc` cvwb e¨e¯’v I wbw`©ó ̄ ’vb bvB
Ÿfvjfv‡e ïKv‡bv hvq bv
ŸN‡ii †Kvbvq m¨uvZmu¨v‡Z RvqMvq †i‡L w`‡Z nq
ŸAvjbvi wcQ‡b ïKv‡Z nq
ŸKvco e`jv‡bvi RvqMv bvB
ŸwfRv Kvco e¨envi Ki‡Z nq
ŸMv †_‡K MÜ Av‡m
Ÿci‡bi Kvc‡o †hLv‡b †mLv‡b i³ †j‡M hvq
Ÿc¨vW †djvi RvqMv bvB
Ÿc¨vW †djvi d‡j Uq‡jU eÜ n‡q hvq
Ÿ†hLv‡b †mLv‡b c¨vW †d‡j iv‡L
Ÿ†MvcbxqZv _v‡K bv
Ÿch©vß cvwbi e¨e¯’v bvB|
Ÿ†hŠbv‡½ PzjKvbx, R¡vjv‡cvov
Ÿkixi ̀ ye©j nq
ŸKg© ÿgZv n«vm cvq
ŸPg©‡ivM
Ÿmv`v mªve
ŸKvc‡o †cvKv, gvKo, dv½vm Rš§ wb‡Z cv‡i
ŸKv‡iv Kv‡iv Zj‡cU e¨_v nq
Ÿcv‡q I nv‡oi †fZ‡i e¨_v K‡i
Ÿ¯Íb UbUb K‡i
ŸLvev‡i AiæwP nq
ŸmšÍvb aviY I cÖm‡e mgm¨v nq
ŸAcyó I mgm¨vMÖ¯’ mšÍvb n‡Z cv‡i|
Ÿgvwm‡Ki mgq cwi®‹vi Kvco e¨envi Kiv
Ÿgvwm‡Ki Kvco mvevb I cwi®‹vi cvwb w`‡q †avqvi ci †iv‡` ïwK‡q wb‡q e¨envi Kiv
Ÿ†avqv Kvco Av‡jv evZvm PjvPj K‡i Ggb RvqMvq fvR K‡i ivLv
Ÿm¤¢e n‡j c¨vW ev Zzjv e¨envi Kiv
Ÿ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z c¨vW N‡iI ̂ Zwi Kiv hvq (cwi®‹vi Kvc‡o Zzjv Rwo‡q)
Ÿ†hŠbv½ PzjKvbx n‡j nvjKv Mig cvwb‡Z jeb wgwk‡q evi evi †avqv Zvic‡iI fvj bv n‡j Wv³v‡ii kiYvcbœ nIqv
Ÿgvwm‡K e¨env‡ii ci Kvco cwi®‹vi cvwb I mvevb w`‡q ay‡q †djv
Ÿw`‡b AšÍZ 3-4 evi e¨eüZ Kvco/ c¨vW e`jv‡bv
ŸwbqwgZ †Mvmj Kiv
Ÿkixi e¨_v Ki‡j GKUz wekªvg †bqv
ŸG mgq nvjKv nuvUvPjv Kiv
Ÿ†ekx K‡i cvwb cvb Kiv
ŸcwiwgZ Nyg
Ÿ†ekx †c‡U e¨_v n‡j mv‡_ mv‡_ eo‡`i ejv
ŸmvgwqKfv‡e Avivg cvevi Rb¨ hv Kiv hvq Zv n‡jv Kuv‡Pi †evZ‡j Mig cvwb f‡i †c‡U ev †Kvg‡o mu¨vK †`qv
ŸnvjKv Mig cvwb w`‡q †Mvmj Kiv
ŸMig cvwb ev Pv LvIqv, cyywóKi Lvevi LvIqv
Ÿ†c‡U, †Kvg‡o Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í gvwjk Kiv, nvgv¸woi fw½‡Z KbyB I nvuUz‡Z fi w`‡q Dcyo n‡q wKQz¶Y _vKv, †mvRv n‡q ï‡q Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í nuvUz gy‡o fv½v I †mvRv Kiv
Ÿm‡e©vcwi Wv³v‡ii kiYvcbœ nIqv, BZ¨vw`|
Ÿbig cwi®‹vi Kvco (†`o nvZ j¤^v)
Ÿ†Kvg‡ii wdZv
Ÿc¨vW
ŸMR
ŸZyjv
ŸUq‡iU wUmy †ccvi|
ŸAí Li‡P ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z c¨vW cvIqv hvq hv evRvi g~j¨ †_‡K A‡bK Kg, cÖvq A‡a©K
Ÿ†avqv, ïKv‡bv Gm‡ei †Kvb Sv‡gjv bvB
ŸKvco mnR jf¨
ŸKvco e¨envi Ki‡j Li‡Pi wPšÍv Ki‡Z nq bv
Ÿ†Kvb †Kvb GjvKvq ̄ ^í g~‡j¨ c¨vW cvIqv hvq
Ÿc¨vW e¨env‡i cvwbi ̄ ^íZv wb‡q wPšÍv Ki‡Z nq bv
Ÿ†MvcbxqZv i¶v nq
Ÿc¨vW ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z
ŸcÖ‡qvR‡b gvwU‡Z cy‡Z †djv hvq|
DcKiY
fvjw`K
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 104 Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 105
eZ©gvb Ae¯’vi g›` w`K
gvwmK PjvKvjxb A¯^v¯’¨Ki PP©vi Kvi‡Y D™¢‚Z mgm¨v/†ivM
KiYxq/mgvav‡bi Dcvq
ŸKvco †avqvi wbivc` cvwb e¨e¯’v I wbw`©ó ̄ ’vb bvB
Ÿfvjfv‡e ïKv‡bv hvq bv
ŸN‡ii †Kvbvq m¨uvZmu¨v‡Z RvqMvq †i‡L w`‡Z nq
ŸAvjbvi wcQ‡b ïKv‡Z nq
ŸKvco e`jv‡bvi RvqMv bvB
ŸwfRv Kvco e¨envi Ki‡Z nq
ŸMv †_‡K MÜ Av‡m
Ÿci‡bi Kvc‡o †hLv‡b †mLv‡b i³ †j‡M hvq
Ÿc¨vW †djvi RvqMv bvB
Ÿc¨vW †djvi d‡j Uq‡jU eÜ n‡q hvq
Ÿ†hLv‡b †mLv‡b c¨vW †d‡j iv‡L
Ÿ†MvcbxqZv _v‡K bv
Ÿch©vß cvwbi e¨e¯’v bvB|
Ÿ†hŠbv‡½ PzjKvbx, R¡vjv‡cvov
Ÿkixi ̀ ye©j nq
ŸKg© ÿgZv n«vm cvq
ŸPg©‡ivM
Ÿmv`v mªve
ŸKvc‡o †cvKv, gvKo, dv½vm Rš§ wb‡Z cv‡i
ŸKv‡iv Kv‡iv Zj‡cU e¨_v nq
Ÿcv‡q I nv‡oi †fZ‡i e¨_v K‡i
Ÿ¯Íb UbUb K‡i
ŸLvev‡i AiæwP nq
ŸmšÍvb aviY I cÖm‡e mgm¨v nq
ŸAcyó I mgm¨vMÖ¯’ mšÍvb n‡Z cv‡i|
Ÿgvwm‡Ki mgq cwi®‹vi Kvco e¨envi Kiv
Ÿgvwm‡Ki Kvco mvevb I cwi®‹vi cvwb w`‡q †avqvi ci †iv‡` ïwK‡q wb‡q e¨envi Kiv
Ÿ†avqv Kvco Av‡jv evZvm PjvPj K‡i Ggb RvqMvq fvR K‡i ivLv
Ÿm¤¢e n‡j c¨vW ev Zzjv e¨envi Kiv
Ÿ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z c¨vW N‡iI ̂ Zwi Kiv hvq (cwi®‹vi Kvc‡o Zzjv Rwo‡q)
Ÿ†hŠbv½ PzjKvbx n‡j nvjKv Mig cvwb‡Z jeb wgwk‡q evi evi †avqv Zvic‡iI fvj bv n‡j Wv³v‡ii kiYvcbœ nIqv
Ÿgvwm‡K e¨env‡ii ci Kvco cwi®‹vi cvwb I mvevb w`‡q ay‡q †djv
Ÿw`‡b AšÍZ 3-4 evi e¨eüZ Kvco/ c¨vW e`jv‡bv
ŸwbqwgZ †Mvmj Kiv
Ÿkixi e¨_v Ki‡j GKUz wekªvg †bqv
ŸG mgq nvjKv nuvUvPjv Kiv
Ÿ†ekx K‡i cvwb cvb Kiv
ŸcwiwgZ Nyg
Ÿ†ekx †c‡U e¨_v n‡j mv‡_ mv‡_ eo‡`i ejv
ŸmvgwqKfv‡e Avivg cvevi Rb¨ hv Kiv hvq Zv n‡jv Kuv‡Pi †evZ‡j Mig cvwb f‡i †c‡U ev †Kvg‡o mu¨vK †`qv
ŸnvjKv Mig cvwb w`‡q †Mvmj Kiv
ŸMig cvwb ev Pv LvIqv, cyywóKi Lvevi LvIqv
Ÿ†c‡U, †Kvg‡o Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í gvwjk Kiv, nvgv¸woi fw½‡Z KbyB I nvuUz‡Z fi w`‡q Dcyo n‡q wKQz¶Y _vKv, †mvRv n‡q ï‡q Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í nuvUz gy‡o fv½v I †mvRv Kiv
Ÿm‡e©vcwi Wv³v‡ii kiYvcbœ nIqv, BZ¨vw`|
Ÿbig cwi®‹vi Kvco (†`o nvZ j¤^v)
Ÿ†Kvg‡ii wdZv
Ÿc¨vW
ŸMR
ŸZyjv
ŸUq‡iU wUmy †ccvi|
ŸAí Li‡P ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z c¨vW cvIqv hvq hv evRvi g~j¨ †_‡K A‡bK Kg, cÖvq A‡a©K
Ÿ†avqv, ïKv‡bv Gm‡ei †Kvb Sv‡gjv bvB
ŸKvco mnR jf¨
ŸKvco e¨envi Ki‡j Li‡Pi wPšÍv Ki‡Z nq bv
Ÿ†Kvb †Kvb GjvKvq ̄ ^í g~‡j¨ c¨vW cvIqv hvq
Ÿc¨vW e¨env‡i cvwbi ̄ ^íZv wb‡q wPšÍv Ki‡Z nq bv
Ÿ†MvcbxqZv i¶v nq
Ÿc¨vW ̄ ^v¯’¨m¤§Z
ŸcÖ‡qvR‡b gvwU‡Z cy‡Z †djv hvq|
DcKiY
fvjw`K
msi¶Y cÖwµqv
gvwmK PjvKvjxb Lv`¨ Af¨vm
cvwbi mv‡_ gvwm‡Ki m¤úK©
cvqLvbvi mv‡_ gvwm‡Ki m¤úK©
cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZvi mv‡_ gvwm‡Ki m¤úK©
mvevb I cwi®‹vi cvwb w`‡q Kvco ay‡q †iŠ‡` ïwK‡q Av‡jv evZvm PjvPj K‡i Ggb RvqMvq fvR K‡i ivLv, AcmviY cÖwµqv:
ŸKvco cyiv‡bv/ bó n‡q †M‡j †hLv‡b †mLv‡b bv †d‡j gvwU‡Z cuy‡Z †djv
Ÿe¨eüZ c¨vW †Wª‡b, wS‡j, j¨vwUª‡b bv †d‡j wbw`©ó ̄ ’v‡b †djv
Ÿc¨vW ev Zzjv e¨env‡ii ci gvwU‡Z cuy‡Z †djv
ŸN‡i ̂ ZwiK…Z c¨vW e¨env‡ii ci wbw`©ó ̄ ’v‡b †djv/ gvwU‡Z cuy‡Z †djv
ŸgvwmK eÜ n‡q †M‡j Kvco¸wj mvevb w`‡q fvj K‡i ay‡q cieZ©x‡Z e¨env‡ii Rb¨ cwi®‹vi I wbivc` ̄ ’v‡b msi¶Y Kiv|
gvwmK PjvKvjxb Lv`¨f¨v‡m †Zgb cwieZ©b Kivi ̀ iKvi †bB| wbqwgZ †h †h Lvevi Avgiv MÖnY KiwQ Zv meB LvIqv hv‡e| Z‡e wK‡kvix †g‡q‡`i G mgq †ewk i³ †h‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z kixi ̀ ye©j n‡q hvq| kixi hv‡Z ̀ ye©j bv nq Zvi Rb¨ -wWg, gvQ, gvsm, mx‡gi exwP, ev`vg, Wvj, meyR kvKmewR cÖPzi cwigv‡Y †L‡Z n‡e|
gvwmK GKwU ̄ ^vfvweK cÖwµqv| G K_vwU g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| †Kvb Kzms¯‹v‡i Ave× n‡q †g‡q‡`i Kó bv †`qv| †g‡q‡`i †QvU K‡i †`Lv hv‡e bv| Lvev‡i evQ wePvi Kiv hv‡e bv| Gmgq me Lvevi LvIqv hv‡e| GKB weQvbvq ̄ ^vgx, ̄ ¿x, †ev‡biv GKmv‡_ Nygv‡bv hv‡e| gvwm‡Ki mgq †g‡qwU‡K Avjv`v K‡i †`qv hv‡e bv ev Zv‡K N„Yv Kiv hv‡e bv| gvwmK N„Yv ev j¾vi †Kvb welq bv| Ab¨vb¨ cÖvK…wZK wel‡qi gZ GUvI GKwU ̄ ^vfvweK wbqg| ̄ ^vfvweK me ai‡Yi Lvevi MÖnY Kiv hv‡e|
Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbvq evi evi Avgiv gvwm‡Ki mgq e¨enviK…Z DcKi‡Yi cwi®‹v‡ii K_v e‡jwQ| cvwb Qvov cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZvi †Kvb weKí bvB| Avevi G cvwb hw` wbivc`/cwi®‹vi bv nq Zvn‡j cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z wM‡q bvbv iKg gqjv hy³ n‡Z cv‡i| myZivs Aek¨B †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e cwi®‹vi cvwb †hb gvwm‡Ki DcKiY cwi®‹v‡ii Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq| Avi bv n‡j wewfbœ iKg †ivM evjvBmn PzjKvbx n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB cvwb, FZzmªve I cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZvi wbweo m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| myZvis my¯’ _vK‡Z n‡j FZzmªve PjvKvjxb mg‡q Ges me mgq cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|
mvaviYZ bvixiv gvwm‡Ki mgq cvqLvbvq DcKiY cwieZ©b, cwi®‹vi wKsev †d‡j †`qvi KvR¸‡jv K‡i _v‡K| wKš‘y †ewki fvM mgq cvqLvbvq G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ ch©vß RvqMvi e¨e¯’v ev Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM¸‡jv _v‡K bv| cwi®‹vi Kivi RvqMv _v‡K bv, c`©v _v‡K bv| G‡Z bvbv iKg Amyweavi m„wó nq| ZvB gvwm‡Ki mg‡qi KvR¸‡jv Kivi Rb¨ cvqLvbvi AeKvVv‡gvi Dc‡hvMx I Dbœqb NUv‡bv LyeB Riæwi|
cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZvi mv‡_ gvwm‡Ki m¤úK© BwZg‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZeyI †Rvi w`‡q GKwU K_v bv ej‡jB bq hv n‡jv- ¯^v¯’¨, my¯’Zv A‡bKUvB wbf©i K‡i cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZvi Dci| ZvB G mg‡q Av‡iv †ewk cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZvi cÖ‡qvRb|
e¨w³MZ cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv1. cwiev‡ii mevB mKv‡j LvIqvi ci I
2. cwiev‡ii mevB cÖwZ mßv‡n bL KuvwU|
iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi Av‡M ̀ uvZ eªvk Kwi
e¨w³MZ cwi”QbœZv eRvq ivwL my¯’, mej I my›`i _vwK
01 01
02
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 106 107
msi¶Y cÖwµqv
gvwmK PjvKvjxb Lv`¨ Af¨vm
cvwbi mv‡_ gvwm‡Ki m¤úK©
cvqLvbvi mv‡_ gvwm‡Ki m¤úK©
cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZvi mv‡_ gvwm‡Ki m¤úK©
mvevb I cwi®‹vi cvwb w`‡q Kvco ay‡q †iŠ‡` ïwK‡q Av‡jv evZvm PjvPj K‡i Ggb RvqMvq fvR K‡i ivLv, AcmviY cÖwµqv:
ŸKvco cyiv‡bv/ bó n‡q †M‡j †hLv‡b †mLv‡b bv †d‡j gvwU‡Z cuy‡Z †djv
Ÿe¨eüZ c¨vW †Wª‡b, wS‡j, j¨vwUª‡b bv †d‡j wbw`©ó ̄ ’v‡b †djv
Ÿc¨vW ev Zzjv e¨env‡ii ci gvwU‡Z cuy‡Z †djv
ŸN‡i ̂ ZwiK…Z c¨vW e¨env‡ii ci wbw`©ó ̄ ’v‡b †djv/ gvwU‡Z cuy‡Z †djv
ŸgvwmK eÜ n‡q †M‡j Kvco¸wj mvevb w`‡q fvj K‡i ay‡q cieZ©x‡Z e¨env‡ii Rb¨ cwi®‹vi I wbivc` ̄ ’v‡b msi¶Y Kiv|
gvwmK PjvKvjxb Lv`¨f¨v‡m †Zgb cwieZ©b Kivi ̀ iKvi †bB| wbqwgZ †h †h Lvevi Avgiv MÖnY KiwQ Zv meB LvIqv hv‡e| Z‡e wK‡kvix †g‡q‡`i G mgq †ewk i³ †h‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z kixi ̀ ye©j n‡q hvq| kixi hv‡Z ̀ ye©j bv nq Zvi Rb¨ -wWg, gvQ, gvsm, mx‡gi exwP, ev`vg, Wvj, meyR kvKmewR cÖPzi cwigv‡Y †L‡Z n‡e|
gvwmK GKwU ̄ ^vfvweK cÖwµqv| G K_vwU g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| †Kvb Kzms¯‹v‡i Ave× n‡q †g‡q‡`i Kó bv †`qv| †g‡q‡`i †QvU K‡i †`Lv hv‡e bv| Lvev‡i evQ wePvi Kiv hv‡e bv| Gmgq me Lvevi LvIqv hv‡e| GKB weQvbvq ̄ ^vgx, ̄ ¿x, †ev‡biv GKmv‡_ Nygv‡bv hv‡e| gvwm‡Ki mgq †g‡qwU‡K Avjv`v K‡i †`qv hv‡e bv ev Zv‡K N„Yv Kiv hv‡e bv| gvwmK N„Yv ev j¾vi †Kvb welq bv| Ab¨vb¨ cÖvK…wZK wel‡qi gZ GUvI GKwU ̄ ^vfvweK wbqg| ̄ ^vfvweK me ai‡Yi Lvevi MÖnY Kiv hv‡e|
Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbvq evi evi Avgiv gvwm‡Ki mgq e¨enviK…Z DcKi‡Yi cwi®‹v‡ii K_v e‡jwQ| cvwb Qvov cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZvi †Kvb weKí bvB| Avevi G cvwb hw` wbivc`/cwi®‹vi bv nq Zvn‡j cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z wM‡q bvbv iKg gqjv hy³ n‡Z cv‡i| myZivs Aek¨B †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e cwi®‹vi cvwb †hb gvwm‡Ki DcKiY cwi®‹v‡ii Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq| Avi bv n‡j wewfbœ iKg †ivM evjvBmn PzjKvbx n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB cvwb, FZzmªve I cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZvi wbweo m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| myZvis my¯’ _vK‡Z n‡j FZzmªve PjvKvjxb mg‡q Ges me mgq cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|
mvaviYZ bvixiv gvwm‡Ki mgq cvqLvbvq DcKiY cwieZ©b, cwi®‹vi wKsev †d‡j †`qvi KvR¸‡jv K‡i _v‡K| wKš‘y †ewki fvM mgq cvqLvbvq G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ ch©vß RvqMvi e¨e¯’v ev Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM¸‡jv _v‡K bv| cwi®‹vi Kivi RvqMv _v‡K bv, c`©v _v‡K bv| G‡Z bvbv iKg Amyweavi m„wó nq| ZvB gvwm‡Ki mg‡qi KvR¸‡jv Kivi Rb¨ cvqLvbvi AeKvVv‡gvi Dc‡hvMx I Dbœqb NUv‡bv LyeB Riæwi|
cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZvi mv‡_ gvwm‡Ki m¤úK© BwZg‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZeyI †Rvi w`‡q GKwU K_v bv ej‡jB bq hv n‡jv- ¯^v¯’¨, my¯’Zv A‡bKUvB wbf©i K‡i cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZvi Dci| ZvB G mg‡q Av‡iv †ewk cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZvi cÖ‡qvRb|
e¨w³MZ cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv1. cwiev‡ii mevB mKv‡j LvIqvi ci I
2. cwiev‡ii mevB cÖwZ mßv‡n bL KuvwU|
iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi Av‡M ̀ uvZ eªvk Kwi
e¨w³MZ cwi”QbœZv eRvq ivwL my¯’, mej I my›`i _vwK
01 01
02
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 106 107
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 108 109
cwi‡ekMZ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm1. evwoi Pvicvk I †MvqvjNi cwi®‹vi ivwL
2. cvwievwiK AveR©bv K‡¤úv÷ ̂ Zwii M‡Z© ivwL|
01 02
cwi®‹vi ivwL Avkcvk my¯’ _vwK ev‡iv gvm
mnvqK Z_¨
Avgv‡`i †`‡k MÖvg/ Pi GjvKvq gqj-AveR©bv Acmvi‡Yi Rb¨ †Kvb e¨e¯’v †bB GQvov `wi`ª cwievi¸‡jv †hLv‡b emevm K‡i, †mmKj GjvKvq gqjv AveR©bv Acmvi‡Yi Rb¨ †Zgb †Kvb e¨e¯’v mvaviYZ †`Lv hvq bv| GmKj cwievi¸‡jv Zv‡`i cÖwZw`‡bi cvwievwiK gqjv-AveR©bv evwoi Av‡kcv‡ki †Lvjv RvqMvq, †Wvev, wbPz RvqMvq AcmviY K‡i _v‡K|
gqjv AveR©bv Acmvi‡Yi cvkvcvwk Avi GKwU wPÎ †`Lv hvq, cÖwZwU cwievi‡KB ivbœv-LvIqvi, nuvwocvwZj, _vjvevwU †avqv, Kvco KvPv, Ni †gvQv mn bvbv ai‡Yi KvR Ki‡Z nq| mvaviYZ cwievi¸‡jv †avqv-†gvQvi Kv‡R e¨eüZ cvwb †hLv‡b †mLv‡b †d‡j †`q| `xN©w`b GKB RvqMvq cvwb w`‡q †avqv-†gvQv Kiv n‡j ev e¨eüZ cvwb †dj‡j ev Rgv‡j RvqMvwU †bvsiv, mu¨vZmu¨v‡Z Ges `~M©Ühy³ n‡q _v‡K| G‡Z K‡i cvwicvwk¦K cwi‡ek `~wlZ nq| Avgv‡`i cvwicvwk©¦K cwi‡ek my¯’-my›`i Ges `~lYgy³ ivLvi Rb¨ cÖwZw`‡bi ZwiZiKvix ev ivbœv N‡ii gqjv-AveR©bvmn evwoi Ab¨vb¨ gqjv-AveR©bv †hgb wbw`©ó ̄ ’v‡b Acmvi‡Yi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e, †Zgwb †avqv-†gvQvi Kv‡R e¨eüZ cvwbI mwVK Dcv‡q †Wªb ev wbw`óM‡Z© wbt®‹vlY Ki‡Z n‡e| myZivs ˆ`bw›`b gqjv-AveR©bv AcmviY Ges e¨eüZ cvwb mwVK Dcv‡q wbt®‹vlY GB ̀ ywU welq‡K mgvb ̧ iæZ¡ w`‡q mwVK fv‡e e¨e¯’vcbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
Avgv‡`i ̂ `bw›`b cvwievwiK ev M„n¯’vjx Kv‡R mvaviYZt Avgiv ̀ yB ai‡Yi gqjv-AveR©bv †`L‡Z cvB|
1. ˆRe AveR©bv I
2. A‰Re AveR©bv|
ˆRe AveR©bv hv cPbkxj†h mKj AveR©bv mn‡RB c‡P _v‡K Zv‡K ˆRe AveR©bv e‡j| †hgb: kvK, mweR, gvQ, gvsm, djg~‡ji Aewkóvsk, evwm cPv Lvevi, KvMR BZ¨vw`|
A‰Re AveR©bv hv AcPbkxj†m mKj AveR©bv gvwU‡Z c‡P bv, †g‡k bv †m¸‡jv‡K A‰Re AveR©bv e‡j| †hgb: cwjw_b, cøvw÷K, ivevi, KuvP, †jvnv, Zvi, wUb BZ¨vw`| M„n¯’vjx Kv‡Ri gqjv-AveR©bv Ges e¨eüZ cvwb †hLv‡b †mLv‡b Acmvi‡Yi Kvi‡Y GKw`‡K †hgb Avgv‡`i cvwicvwk¦K cwi‡ek ̀ ~wlZ nq Ab¨w`‡K Avevi Gi ̄ ^v¯’¨MZ ¶wZKviK w`KI i‡q‡Q| †hgb:
gqjv-AveR©bv I †bvsiv cwi‡e‡ki ¶wZKviK w`Kmg~n
cwi‡ekMZ ¶wZ
ŸLvbvi Av‡kcv‡ki cwi‡ek Ges †Wªb ̀ ~wlZ nq
Ÿgkv-gvwQ eskwe¯Ívi K‡i
Ÿgqjv-AveR©bv c‡P ̀ yM©Ü Qovq
Ÿevqy ̀ ~wlZ nq
ŸgvwUi ¶wZ mvab K‡i
Ÿf~-Mf©¯’ cvwb ̀ ~wlZ nq
gqjv-AveR©bv AcmviY Ges e¨eüZ cvwb wb®‹vk‡Yi ¸iæZ¡
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 108 109
cwi‡ekMZ ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm1. evwoi Pvicvk I †MvqvjNi cwi®‹vi ivwL
2. cvwievwiK AveR©bv K‡¤úv÷ ̂ Zwii M‡Z© ivwL|
01 02
cwi®‹vi ivwL Avkcvk my¯’ _vwK ev‡iv gvm
mnvqK Z_¨
Avgv‡`i †`‡k MÖvg/ Pi GjvKvq gqj-AveR©bv Acmvi‡Yi Rb¨ †Kvb e¨e¯’v †bB GQvov `wi`ª cwievi¸‡jv †hLv‡b emevm K‡i, †mmKj GjvKvq gqjv AveR©bv Acmvi‡Yi Rb¨ †Zgb †Kvb e¨e¯’v mvaviYZ †`Lv hvq bv| GmKj cwievi¸‡jv Zv‡`i cÖwZw`‡bi cvwievwiK gqjv-AveR©bv evwoi Av‡kcv‡ki †Lvjv RvqMvq, †Wvev, wbPz RvqMvq AcmviY K‡i _v‡K|
gqjv AveR©bv Acmvi‡Yi cvkvcvwk Avi GKwU wPÎ †`Lv hvq, cÖwZwU cwievi‡KB ivbœv-LvIqvi, nuvwocvwZj, _vjvevwU †avqv, Kvco KvPv, Ni †gvQv mn bvbv ai‡Yi KvR Ki‡Z nq| mvaviYZ cwievi¸‡jv †avqv-†gvQvi Kv‡R e¨eüZ cvwb †hLv‡b †mLv‡b †d‡j †`q| `xN©w`b GKB RvqMvq cvwb w`‡q †avqv-†gvQv Kiv n‡j ev e¨eüZ cvwb †dj‡j ev Rgv‡j RvqMvwU †bvsiv, mu¨vZmu¨v‡Z Ges `~M©Ühy³ n‡q _v‡K| G‡Z K‡i cvwicvwk¦K cwi‡ek `~wlZ nq| Avgv‡`i cvwicvwk©¦K cwi‡ek my¯’-my›`i Ges `~lYgy³ ivLvi Rb¨ cÖwZw`‡bi ZwiZiKvix ev ivbœv N‡ii gqjv-AveR©bvmn evwoi Ab¨vb¨ gqjv-AveR©bv †hgb wbw`©ó ̄ ’v‡b Acmvi‡Yi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e, †Zgwb †avqv-†gvQvi Kv‡R e¨eüZ cvwbI mwVK Dcv‡q †Wªb ev wbw`óM‡Z© wbt®‹vlY Ki‡Z n‡e| myZivs ˆ`bw›`b gqjv-AveR©bv AcmviY Ges e¨eüZ cvwb mwVK Dcv‡q wbt®‹vlY GB ̀ ywU welq‡K mgvb ̧ iæZ¡ w`‡q mwVK fv‡e e¨e¯’vcbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
Avgv‡`i ̂ `bw›`b cvwievwiK ev M„n¯’vjx Kv‡R mvaviYZt Avgiv ̀ yB ai‡Yi gqjv-AveR©bv †`L‡Z cvB|
1. ˆRe AveR©bv I
2. A‰Re AveR©bv|
ˆRe AveR©bv hv cPbkxj†h mKj AveR©bv mn‡RB c‡P _v‡K Zv‡K ˆRe AveR©bv e‡j| †hgb: kvK, mweR, gvQ, gvsm, djg~‡ji Aewkóvsk, evwm cPv Lvevi, KvMR BZ¨vw`|
A‰Re AveR©bv hv AcPbkxj†m mKj AveR©bv gvwU‡Z c‡P bv, †g‡k bv †m¸‡jv‡K A‰Re AveR©bv e‡j| †hgb: cwjw_b, cøvw÷K, ivevi, KuvP, †jvnv, Zvi, wUb BZ¨vw`| M„n¯’vjx Kv‡Ri gqjv-AveR©bv Ges e¨eüZ cvwb †hLv‡b †mLv‡b Acmvi‡Yi Kvi‡Y GKw`‡K †hgb Avgv‡`i cvwicvwk¦K cwi‡ek ̀ ~wlZ nq Ab¨w`‡K Avevi Gi ̄ ^v¯’¨MZ ¶wZKviK w`KI i‡q‡Q| †hgb:
gqjv-AveR©bv I †bvsiv cwi‡e‡ki ¶wZKviK w`Kmg~n
cwi‡ekMZ ¶wZ
ŸLvbvi Av‡kcv‡ki cwi‡ek Ges †Wªb ̀ ~wlZ nq
Ÿgkv-gvwQ eskwe¯Ívi K‡i
Ÿgqjv-AveR©bv c‡P ̀ yM©Ü Qovq
Ÿevqy ̀ ~wlZ nq
ŸgvwUi ¶wZ mvab K‡i
Ÿf~-Mf©¯’ cvwb ̀ ~wlZ nq
gqjv-AveR©bv AcmviY Ges e¨eüZ cvwb wb®‹vk‡Yi ¸iæZ¡
¯^v¯’¨MZ ¶wZ
Ÿgkv evwnZ †ivM †hgb: †W½y, g¨v‡jwiqv I dvB‡jwiqv (†Mv`‡ivM) BZ¨vw` Qovq
Ÿgqjv AveR©bvq dzmdzmRwbZ †ivM Ges k¦vmK‡ói cÖ‡Kvc e„w× cvq
Ÿgqjv AveR©bvi ms¯ú‡k© Avm‡j wewfbœ ai‡Yi Pg© †ivM nIqvi m¤¢vebv †`Lv †`q|
ŸAv‡kcv‡ki †Lvjv AveR©bvq gvwQ/KxU cZ½ esk we¯Ívi K‡i| Lvevi XvKv bv LvK‡j GB me gvwQ/KxU cZ½ Lvev‡i e‡m Ges G‡`i cv I kix‡i K‡i e‡q wb‡q Avmv RxevYy Lvevi ̀ ~wlZ K‡i|
iwe-ivbx GK ai‡Yi †Mg ev †Ljv| G †LjvwU g~jZt ̀ y Rb †Q‡j I ̀ y Rb †g‡q Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g K‡i _v‡K| G †Ljv‡Z †gvU 9wU ce© Av‡Q Ges cÖwZwU c‡e©i gva¨‡g ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmv‡ii 5wU Bmyi 20wU evZ©v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
iwe-ivYx D‡Ïk¨
ŸAvb›`Nb cwi‡e‡k wkïiv wkL‡Z cvi‡e
ŸAwfb‡qi gva¨‡g wkïiv wkL‡e weavq Bmyi evZ©vmg~n g‡b ivL‡Z cvi‡e Ges ¯^v¯’¨vf¨v‡mi evZ©vmg~n cwiev‡ii mKj‡K Rvbv‡e|
DcKiYiwe-ivYxi d¬vk KvW©mg~n (9 †Rvov A_©vr 18wU) ̀ yBwU BU, GKwU e`bv, †Kmmn mvevb, nvZ †avqvi Rb¨ cvwb, Mvgjv, gM, GKwU †cøU, wKQz gywo/we¯‹zU ev ïKbv Lvevi, iwei Rb¨ GKwU euv‡ki jvwV, ivbxi Rb¨ GKwU gvjv/ †Ljbv †gvevBj| iwe-ivYxi I Zv‡`i fvB‡ev‡bi Rb¨ †gvU PviwU gy‡Lvm Ges KmwUDg (D¾j is-†eis-Gi †cvkvK)
c×wZf~wgKvwfbq, wgwUs/†mkb, Rbmgv‡ek (Mass getharing)|
mgq 50 wgwbU|
iwe-ivYx †Mgm Gi d¬vk KvW©
M‡íi gva¨‡g f~wgKvwfbq
iwe-ivYx GK †`‡k wQj GK ivRv| †m ivRvi wQj weivU ivRZ¡| gš¿x, DwRi, bvwRi, ˆmb¨-mgv‡šÍi †Kvb Afve wQj bv| †mB ivRvi wQj GK †Q‡j| Zvi eqm wQj wVK †Zvgv‡`i gZ| fxlY my›`i †`L‡Z| ivRvi †Q‡j‡K wK e‡j Rv‡bv †Zvgiv? ivRvi †Q‡j‡K e‡j ivRcyÎ| ivRvi †Q‡j‡Zv| ZvB Zv‡K ivRcyÎ e‡j|
ivRvi †Q‡j n‡jI †m Lye fvj wQj| †m mevi mv‡_ wgk‡Zv, †Ljvay‡jv Ki‡Zv, ̄ ‹z‡j †h‡Zv| †h ̄ ‹z‡j †m co‡Zv, †mB ¯‹z‡j Zvi GK eÜz wQj| †Zvgv‡`i eÜz bvB? †Zvgv‡`i eÜzi g‡Zv ZviI GK eÜz wQj| Zvi eÜz †K wQ‡jv Rv‡bv? Zvi eÜz wQj GK cix| cix‡`i †`k wKš‘ A‡bK ̀ ~‡i| mvZ mgyÏi †Zi b`x cvi n‡q cixi †`‡k †h‡Z nq| GB ̀ yB eÜzi g‡a¨ wQj fxlY fve| me mgq Zviv GK‡Î Ny‡i †eov‡Zv Ges GK‡Î _vK‡Zv| me KvR `yB eÜz wg‡j K‡i| cixeÜz cÖvqB ivRcy‡Îi mv‡_ Zvi evwo‡Z †eov‡Z Avm‡Zv| Ab¨ w`‡bi gZ ivRcyÎ ̄ ‹z‡j †h‡q cixeÜz‡K Kv‡Q WvK‡jv| cixeÜz Zvi Kv‡Q Avm‡Q bv| K_vI ej‡Q bv| ivRcy‡Îi Lye gb Lvivc n‡q †Mj|
eÜz‡K Kv‡Q †W‡K ivRcyÎ wR‡Ám Ki‡jv, Zzwg Avgvi mv‡_ K_v ej‡Qv bv †Kb? cixeÜz ej‡jv, bv, Avwg Avi †Zvgvi mv‡_ wgk‡ev bv, K_vI ej‡ev bv| Avwg †Zvgvi mv‡_ KZ w`b †Zvgv‡`i evwo †eov‡Z †Mjvg A_P Zzwg GKw`bI Avgv‡`i evwo‡Z †M‡j bv| ivRcyÎ ej‡jv, wVK Av‡Q, Avwg Avgvi evev-gv‡K e‡j Zv‡`i AbygwZ wb‡q †Zvgv‡`i evwo hv‡ev| AvRB Avwg evev‡K ej‡ev| cixeÜz‡K mv‡_ wb‡q ivRcyÎ Zvi evev‡K (ivRv) ej‡jv, evev, cixeÜz Avgvi m‡½ ivM K‡i‡Q| ivRv ej‡jb, †Kb ivM K‡i‡Q? cix‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡jv, †Kb Zzwg ivRcy‡Îi m‡½ ivM K‡i‡Qv? cix ej‡jv, Avwg A‡bK w`b eÜzi m‡½ eÜzi evwo †eov‡Z G‡mwQ wKš‘ Avgvi eÜz|
GKw`bI Avgv‡`i evwo †eov‡Z hvqwb| ivRv †n‡m ej‡jv, GB K_v| wVK Av‡Q, KvjB †Zvgvi eÜz †Zvgvi mv‡_ †Zvgv‡`i evwo †eov‡Z hv‡e| GB K_v ï‡b ivRcyÎ Ges cixeÜz fxlY Lykx Zviv g‡bi Avb‡›` Zv‡`i Kvco †Pvco †MvQv‡Z jvM‡jv| ciw`b cixi †`‡k hvevi cvjv| wKš‘ `yRbB c‡o †Mj fxlY mgm¨vq| cixi‡Zv cvLv Av‡Q, †m‡Zv Do‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ ivRcyÎ, Zvi‡Zv cvLv †bB, Do‡ZI cv‡i bv| wK K‡i hv‡e? ̀ yR‡b A‡bK fve‡Z jvM‡jv| nVvr K‡i cixeÜz Lykx‡Z jvd w`‡q DV‡jv| ivRcyÎ ej‡jv wK e¨vcvi? Avwg †h‡Z cviwQ bv †Zvgvi mv‡_ Avi Zzwg nvm‡Qv| cix ej‡jv Dcvq †c‡q †MwQ| Zzwg Avgvi ̀ y-cvLvi gvSLv‡b e‡m _vK‡e Avi Avwg †Zvgv‡K wb‡q D‡o P‡j hv‡ev|
`yR‡b hvÎv Ki‡jv| b`x-bvjv, Lvj-wej, cvnvo-ce©Z, mvMi cvi n‡q ̀ yRb cixi †`‡k G‡m bvg‡jv| cixi evev-gv-†Zv fxlY Lykx| cix Zvi eÜz‡K evev-gv‡qi mv‡_ cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡jv| ivRcy·K Zviv fxlY Av`i Ki‡jv| cix Zvi eÜz‡K wb‡q cixi †`k †`Lv‡jv, KZ fvj fvj RvqMvq wb‡q †M‡jv| g‡bi Avb‡›` w`b †K‡U †Mj| Gevi wd‡i Avmvi cvjv| cixeÜz ivRcy·K ej‡jv, eÜz, Zzwg Avgvi †`‡k †eov‡Z G‡mwQ‡j Avwg fxlY Lywk n‡q‡Q| Zzwg hvIqvi mgq Avgv‡`i GLvb †_‡K wK wb‡q hv‡e| ivRcyÎ ej‡jv Avgvi‡Zv me wKQyB Av‡Q, †Kvb wKQyiB Afve †bB| Avwg wKQy wbe bv| cix ej‡jv, Zzwg wKQy bv wb‡j Avwg Lye gb Lvivc Ki‡ev| ivRcyÎ ej‡jv, †Zvgvi evwo‡Z Avwg Lye my›`i GKUv iwe Ges ivYx bv‡g 2wU wkï †`‡LwQ| Zv hw` ̀ vI Avwg wbe| †m wK| Zzwg GZ †QvU wRwbm wb‡e? wVK Av‡Q Avwg G¶zwY e¨e¯’v KiwQ| iwe Avi ivbx wkï‡K ivRvi †`‡k Avbvi me e¨e¯’v Ki‡jv cix| ̀ yR‡b Avevi †`‡k iIbv nj| iwe Avi ivYx‡K Avb‡Z fxlY Kó n‡q‡Q ivRcy‡Îi| iwe GKevi Gw`K hvq Avevi Iw`K hvq Avevi KvD‡K †`L‡jB cÖPÐ ̀ yóvgx K‡i| Av”Qv P‡jv †`wL ivRcyÎ †Kgb iwe Avi ivbx wkï‡K wb‡q G‡jv cixi †`k †_‡K|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 110 111
¯^v¯’¨MZ ¶wZ
Ÿgkv evwnZ †ivM †hgb: †W½y, g¨v‡jwiqv I dvB‡jwiqv (†Mv`‡ivM) BZ¨vw` Qovq
Ÿgqjv AveR©bvq dzmdzmRwbZ †ivM Ges k¦vmK‡ói cÖ‡Kvc e„w× cvq
Ÿgqjv AveR©bvi ms¯ú‡k© Avm‡j wewfbœ ai‡Yi Pg© †ivM nIqvi m¤¢vebv †`Lv †`q|
ŸAv‡kcv‡ki †Lvjv AveR©bvq gvwQ/KxU cZ½ esk we¯Ívi K‡i| Lvevi XvKv bv LvK‡j GB me gvwQ/KxU cZ½ Lvev‡i e‡m Ges G‡`i cv I kix‡i K‡i e‡q wb‡q Avmv RxevYy Lvevi ̀ ~wlZ K‡i|
iwe-ivbx GK ai‡Yi †Mg ev †Ljv| G †LjvwU g~jZt ̀ y Rb †Q‡j I ̀ y Rb †g‡q Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g K‡i _v‡K| G †Ljv‡Z †gvU 9wU ce© Av‡Q Ges cÖwZwU c‡e©i gva¨‡g ̄ ^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmv‡ii 5wU Bmyi 20wU evZ©v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
iwe-ivYx D‡Ïk¨
ŸAvb›`Nb cwi‡e‡k wkïiv wkL‡Z cvi‡e
ŸAwfb‡qi gva¨‡g wkïiv wkL‡e weavq Bmyi evZ©vmg~n g‡b ivL‡Z cvi‡e Ges ¯^v¯’¨vf¨v‡mi evZ©vmg~n cwiev‡ii mKj‡K Rvbv‡e|
DcKiYiwe-ivYxi d¬vk KvW©mg~n (9 †Rvov A_©vr 18wU) ̀ yBwU BU, GKwU e`bv, †Kmmn mvevb, nvZ †avqvi Rb¨ cvwb, Mvgjv, gM, GKwU †cøU, wKQz gywo/we¯‹zU ev ïKbv Lvevi, iwei Rb¨ GKwU euv‡ki jvwV, ivbxi Rb¨ GKwU gvjv/ †Ljbv †gvevBj| iwe-ivYxi I Zv‡`i fvB‡ev‡bi Rb¨ †gvU PviwU gy‡Lvm Ges KmwUDg (D¾j is-†eis-Gi †cvkvK)
c×wZf~wgKvwfbq, wgwUs/†mkb, Rbmgv‡ek (Mass getharing)|
mgq 50 wgwbU|
iwe-ivYx †Mgm Gi d¬vk KvW©
M‡íi gva¨‡g f~wgKvwfbq
iwe-ivYx GK †`‡k wQj GK ivRv| †m ivRvi wQj weivU ivRZ¡| gš¿x, DwRi, bvwRi, ˆmb¨-mgv‡šÍi †Kvb Afve wQj bv| †mB ivRvi wQj GK †Q‡j| Zvi eqm wQj wVK †Zvgv‡`i gZ| fxlY my›`i †`L‡Z| ivRvi †Q‡j‡K wK e‡j Rv‡bv †Zvgiv? ivRvi †Q‡j‡K e‡j ivRcyÎ| ivRvi †Q‡j‡Zv| ZvB Zv‡K ivRcyÎ e‡j|
ivRvi †Q‡j n‡jI †m Lye fvj wQj| †m mevi mv‡_ wgk‡Zv, †Ljvay‡jv Ki‡Zv, ̄ ‹z‡j †h‡Zv| †h ̄ ‹z‡j †m co‡Zv, †mB ¯‹z‡j Zvi GK eÜz wQj| †Zvgv‡`i eÜz bvB? †Zvgv‡`i eÜzi g‡Zv ZviI GK eÜz wQj| Zvi eÜz †K wQ‡jv Rv‡bv? Zvi eÜz wQj GK cix| cix‡`i †`k wKš‘ A‡bK ̀ ~‡i| mvZ mgyÏi †Zi b`x cvi n‡q cixi †`‡k †h‡Z nq| GB ̀ yB eÜzi g‡a¨ wQj fxlY fve| me mgq Zviv GK‡Î Ny‡i †eov‡Zv Ges GK‡Î _vK‡Zv| me KvR `yB eÜz wg‡j K‡i| cixeÜz cÖvqB ivRcy‡Îi mv‡_ Zvi evwo‡Z †eov‡Z Avm‡Zv| Ab¨ w`‡bi gZ ivRcyÎ ̄ ‹z‡j †h‡q cixeÜz‡K Kv‡Q WvK‡jv| cixeÜz Zvi Kv‡Q Avm‡Q bv| K_vI ej‡Q bv| ivRcy‡Îi Lye gb Lvivc n‡q †Mj|
eÜz‡K Kv‡Q †W‡K ivRcyÎ wR‡Ám Ki‡jv, Zzwg Avgvi mv‡_ K_v ej‡Qv bv †Kb? cixeÜz ej‡jv, bv, Avwg Avi †Zvgvi mv‡_ wgk‡ev bv, K_vI ej‡ev bv| Avwg †Zvgvi mv‡_ KZ w`b †Zvgv‡`i evwo †eov‡Z †Mjvg A_P Zzwg GKw`bI Avgv‡`i evwo‡Z †M‡j bv| ivRcyÎ ej‡jv, wVK Av‡Q, Avwg Avgvi evev-gv‡K e‡j Zv‡`i AbygwZ wb‡q †Zvgv‡`i evwo hv‡ev| AvRB Avwg evev‡K ej‡ev| cixeÜz‡K mv‡_ wb‡q ivRcyÎ Zvi evev‡K (ivRv) ej‡jv, evev, cixeÜz Avgvi m‡½ ivM K‡i‡Q| ivRv ej‡jb, †Kb ivM K‡i‡Q? cix‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡jv, †Kb Zzwg ivRcy‡Îi m‡½ ivM K‡i‡Qv? cix ej‡jv, Avwg A‡bK w`b eÜzi m‡½ eÜzi evwo †eov‡Z G‡mwQ wKš‘ Avgvi eÜz|
GKw`bI Avgv‡`i evwo †eov‡Z hvqwb| ivRv †n‡m ej‡jv, GB K_v| wVK Av‡Q, KvjB †Zvgvi eÜz †Zvgvi mv‡_ †Zvgv‡`i evwo †eov‡Z hv‡e| GB K_v ï‡b ivRcyÎ Ges cixeÜz fxlY Lykx Zviv g‡bi Avb‡›` Zv‡`i Kvco †Pvco †MvQv‡Z jvM‡jv| ciw`b cixi †`‡k hvevi cvjv| wKš‘ `yRbB c‡o †Mj fxlY mgm¨vq| cixi‡Zv cvLv Av‡Q, †m‡Zv Do‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ ivRcyÎ, Zvi‡Zv cvLv †bB, Do‡ZI cv‡i bv| wK K‡i hv‡e? ̀ yR‡b A‡bK fve‡Z jvM‡jv| nVvr K‡i cixeÜz Lykx‡Z jvd w`‡q DV‡jv| ivRcyÎ ej‡jv wK e¨vcvi? Avwg †h‡Z cviwQ bv †Zvgvi mv‡_ Avi Zzwg nvm‡Qv| cix ej‡jv Dcvq †c‡q †MwQ| Zzwg Avgvi ̀ y-cvLvi gvSLv‡b e‡m _vK‡e Avi Avwg †Zvgv‡K wb‡q D‡o P‡j hv‡ev|
`yR‡b hvÎv Ki‡jv| b`x-bvjv, Lvj-wej, cvnvo-ce©Z, mvMi cvi n‡q ̀ yRb cixi †`‡k G‡m bvg‡jv| cixi evev-gv-†Zv fxlY Lykx| cix Zvi eÜz‡K evev-gv‡qi mv‡_ cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡jv| ivRcy·K Zviv fxlY Av`i Ki‡jv| cix Zvi eÜz‡K wb‡q cixi †`k †`Lv‡jv, KZ fvj fvj RvqMvq wb‡q †M‡jv| g‡bi Avb‡›` w`b †K‡U †Mj| Gevi wd‡i Avmvi cvjv| cixeÜz ivRcy·K ej‡jv, eÜz, Zzwg Avgvi †`‡k †eov‡Z G‡mwQ‡j Avwg fxlY Lywk n‡q‡Q| Zzwg hvIqvi mgq Avgv‡`i GLvb †_‡K wK wb‡q hv‡e| ivRcyÎ ej‡jv Avgvi‡Zv me wKQyB Av‡Q, †Kvb wKQyiB Afve †bB| Avwg wKQy wbe bv| cix ej‡jv, Zzwg wKQy bv wb‡j Avwg Lye gb Lvivc Ki‡ev| ivRcyÎ ej‡jv, †Zvgvi evwo‡Z Avwg Lye my›`i GKUv iwe Ges ivYx bv‡g 2wU wkï †`‡LwQ| Zv hw` ̀ vI Avwg wbe| †m wK| Zzwg GZ †QvU wRwbm wb‡e? wVK Av‡Q Avwg G¶zwY e¨e¯’v KiwQ| iwe Avi ivbx wkï‡K ivRvi †`‡k Avbvi me e¨e¯’v Ki‡jv cix| ̀ yR‡b Avevi †`‡k iIbv nj| iwe Avi ivYx‡K Avb‡Z fxlY Kó n‡q‡Q ivRcy‡Îi| iwe GKevi Gw`K hvq Avevi Iw`K hvq Avevi KvD‡K †`L‡jB cÖPÐ ̀ yóvgx K‡i| Av”Qv P‡jv †`wL ivRcyÎ †Kgb iwe Avi ivbx wkï‡K wb‡q G‡jv cixi †`k †_‡K|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 110 111
3qAwfbq
cwiwPwZ: iwe cvqLvbv †_‡K G‡m nvZ bv ay‡q Ny‡i †eov‡”Q Ges ivYx cvqLvbv †_‡K G‡m mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ cwi®‹vi Ki‡Q
D‡Ïk¨: GB Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvixMY eyS‡eb †h cvqLvbv †_‡K G‡m mvevb w`‡q nvZ ay‡j Wvqwiqv cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq
4_©Awfbq
cwiwPwZ: iwe Zvi †QvU fvB‡K †Lvjv ¯’v‡b cvqLvbv Kiv‡”Q/ivYx Zvi †QvU †evb‡K wbw`©ó RvqMvq cvqLvbv Kiv‡”Q
D‡Ïk¨: GB Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvixMY eyS‡eb †h 3-5 erm‡ii fvB-†evb‡`i‡K wbw`©ó RvqMvq cvqLvbv Kiv‡j Wvqwiqv n‡e bv
iwe-4: Avwg iwe| Wvqwiqvi avi avwi bv| fvB ZzBI g‡bi Avb‡›` †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv Ki|
ivYx-4: †evb Zzwg †Zv †QvU| †Zvgvi eqm †Zv 5 eQi nqwb| Zzwg cÖwZw`b wbw`©ó RvqMvq cvqLvbv Ki‡e| 5 eQi n‡j cvqLvbvq hv‡e|
ivYx-3:Avwg ivYx| ivRcyÎ e‡j‡Q, cvqLvbv †_‡K G‡m mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ay‡Z nq| bv ay‡j nv‡Z cvqLvbv I †iv‡Mi RxevYy †j‡M _v‡K| hv Lvev‡ii mv‡_ †c‡U hvq I Wvqwiqv nq|
iwe-ivYx f~wgKvwfbq- d¬vk Kv‡W©i cwiwPwZ I D‡Ïk¨
1gAwfbq
cwiwPwZ: ivYx Kvco c‡i Ny‡i †eov‡”Q/ iwe jvwV nv‡Z Ny‡i †eov‡”Q
D‡Ïk¨: GB d¬vk KvW© †_‡K AskMÖnYKvixMY iwe-ivYxÕ‡K wPb‡eb
iwe-1: Avwg iwe| Avgvi hv Lywk Avwg ZvB Kwi|
ivYx-1: Avwg ivYx| ivRcyÎ Avgv‡K Lye fvjev‡m|
2qAwfbq
cwiwPwZ: ivYx e`bv wb‡q cvqLvbv hv‡”Q Ges iwe jvwV nv‡Z cvqLvbvi evB‡i †Lvjv ¯’v‡b e‡m cvqLvbv Ki‡Q
D‡Ïk¨: GB KvW© †_‡K AskMÖnYKvixMY ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨env‡ii ¸iæZ¡ Rvb‡eb
iwe-2: Avnv wK gRv! wK gRv!! g‡bi Avb‡›` †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv Kwi|
ivYx-2: cvqLvbv †P‡c‡Q, m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q w`‡q cvqLvbvq hvB|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 112 113
iwe-3: Avwg iwe| cvqLvbv †_‡K G‡m mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqvi avi avwi bv| †K GZ Kó K‡i!
3qAwfbq
cwiwPwZ: iwe cvqLvbv †_‡K G‡m nvZ bv ay‡q Ny‡i †eov‡”Q Ges ivYx cvqLvbv †_‡K G‡m mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ cwi®‹vi Ki‡Q
D‡Ïk¨: GB Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvixMY eyS‡eb †h cvqLvbv †_‡K G‡m mvevb w`‡q nvZ ay‡j Wvqwiqv cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq
4_©Awfbq
cwiwPwZ: iwe Zvi †QvU fvB‡K †Lvjv ¯’v‡b cvqLvbv Kiv‡”Q/ivYx Zvi †QvU †evb‡K wbw`©ó RvqMvq cvqLvbv Kiv‡”Q
D‡Ïk¨: GB Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvixMY eyS‡eb †h 3-5 erm‡ii fvB-†evb‡`i‡K wbw`©ó RvqMvq cvqLvbv Kiv‡j Wvqwiqv n‡e bv
iwe-4: Avwg iwe| Wvqwiqvi avi avwi bv| fvB ZzBI g‡bi Avb‡›` †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv Ki|
ivYx-4: †evb Zzwg †Zv †QvU| †Zvgvi eqm †Zv 5 eQi nqwb| Zzwg cÖwZw`b wbw`©ó RvqMvq cvqLvbv Ki‡e| 5 eQi n‡j cvqLvbvq hv‡e|
ivYx-3:Avwg ivYx| ivRcyÎ e‡j‡Q, cvqLvbv †_‡K G‡m mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ay‡Z nq| bv ay‡j nv‡Z cvqLvbv I †iv‡Mi RxevYy †j‡M _v‡K| hv Lvev‡ii mv‡_ †c‡U hvq I Wvqwiqv nq|
iwe-ivYx f~wgKvwfbq- d¬vk Kv‡W©i cwiwPwZ I D‡Ïk¨
1gAwfbq
cwiwPwZ: ivYx Kvco c‡i Ny‡i †eov‡”Q/ iwe jvwV nv‡Z Ny‡i †eov‡”Q
D‡Ïk¨: GB d¬vk KvW© †_‡K AskMÖnYKvixMY iwe-ivYxÕ‡K wPb‡eb
iwe-1: Avwg iwe| Avgvi hv Lywk Avwg ZvB Kwi|
ivYx-1: Avwg ivYx| ivRcyÎ Avgv‡K Lye fvjev‡m|
2qAwfbq
cwiwPwZ: ivYx e`bv wb‡q cvqLvbv hv‡”Q Ges iwe jvwV nv‡Z cvqLvbvi evB‡i †Lvjv ¯’v‡b e‡m cvqLvbv Ki‡Q
D‡Ïk¨: GB KvW© †_‡K AskMÖnYKvixMY ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨env‡ii ¸iæZ¡ Rvb‡eb
iwe-2: Avnv wK gRv! wK gRv!! g‡bi Avb‡›` †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv Kwi|
ivYx-2: cvqLvbv †P‡c‡Q, m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q w`‡q cvqLvbvq hvB|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 112 113
iwe-3: Avwg iwe| cvqLvbv †_‡K G‡m mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqvi avi avwi bv| †K GZ Kó K‡i!
7gAwfbq
cwiwPwZ: iwe †hLv‡b †mLv‡b gqjv Ave©Rbv †d‡j Ges ivYx wbw`©ó M‡Z© gqjv Ave©Rbv †d‡j
D‡Ïk¨: GB Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvixiv eyS‡eb †h wbw`©ó M‡Z©/¯’v‡b gqjv Ave©Rbv †dj‡j cwi‡ek cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ _v‡K Ges †ivM evjvB Qovq bv
ivYx-7: bv †evb, †hLv‡b †mLv‡b gqjv AveR©bv †djv wVK bv| ivRcyÎ Avgv‡K e‡j‡Q gqjv AveR©bv wbw`©ó M‡Z©i g‡a¨ †dj‡Z nq| G‡Z cwi‡ek fv‡jv _v‡K Ges †ivM evjvB Qovq bv|
5gAwfbq
cwiwPwZ: iwe nvZ bv ay‡q †Lvjv Lvevi Lv‡”Q Ges ivYxi Lvevi XvKv Av‡Q Ges Lvevi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q nvZ ay‡q wb‡”Q
D‡Ïk¨: GB Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvixiv eyS‡eb †h LvIqvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q fvjfv‡e `yB nvZ †aŠZ Ki‡j Wvqwiqv nq bv Ges Lvevi Av‡M nvZ †avqvi Af¨vm Ki‡e
iwe-5: Lvevi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ †avqv? †K GZ Kó K‡i? fvB ZzB nvZ bv ay‡qB Lv|
ivYx-6: Avwg ivYx| ivRcÎy Avgv‡K e‡j‡Q, mKv‡j LvIqvi ci Ges iv‡Z Ngy v‡bvi Av‡M `vu Z evª k bv Ki‡j Ges cwÖ Z mßv‡n bL bv KvU‡j Wvqwiqv nq| (KviY `vu ‡Zi dvu ‡K cPv Lvevi Ges b‡Li †Kvbvq RxevYy R‡g _v‡K hv †c‡U hvq|)
6ôAwfbq
cwiwPwZ: iwe LvIqvi ci I Nygv‡bvi Av‡M `uvZ eªvk K‡i bv Ges nv‡Zi bLI Kv‡U bv Ges ivYx LvIqvi ci I Nygv‡bvi Av‡M `uvZ eªvk K‡i Ges nv‡Zi bLI Kv‡U
D‡Ïk¨: GB Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvixiv eyS‡eb †h LvIqvi ci I Kiv Ges cÖwZ mßv‡n bL KvUv fv‡jv
Nygv‡bvi Av‡M `uvZ eªvk
ivYx-5: bv †evb, Lvevi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ay‡Z nq| KviY nv‡Z †j‡M _vKv †ivM RxevYy †`Lv hvq bv| mvevb w`‡q nvZ bv ay‡j †mB RxevYy †c‡U wM‡q Wvqwiqv nq|
iwe-6: Avwg iwe| Avwg mKv‡j LvIqvi ci Ges iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi Av‡M `uvZ eªvk Avi bL KvUvi avi avwi bv| fvB †`LwQm, †Zvi nv‡Zi eo eo bL KZ my›`i †`Lvq|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 114
8gAwfbq
cwiwPwZ: iwei Wvqwiqv n‡q‡Q KviY †m †Kvb wbqg †g‡b P‡jwb Ges ivYx my¯’ Av‡Q KviY †m mKj wbqg †g‡b P‡j‡Q|
D‡Ïk¨: GB KvW© †_‡K AskMÖnYKvixMY Rvb‡eb, ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi bv Ki‡j, †Lvjv Lvevi †L‡j, mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ bv ay‡j, Ges wbqwgZ `uvZ eªvk I bL bv KvU‡j Wvqwiqv nq
wbivc` cvwb cvb bv Ki‡j
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 115
iwe-7: fvB, ZzB g‡bi Avb‡›` †hLv‡b †mLv‡b gqjv AveR©bv †dj| GZ Kó K‡i wbw`©ó M‡Z© gqjv AveR©bv †K †d‡j?
iwe-8: I‡i evev‡i! †c‡U e¨_v! g‡i †Mjvg! Avgvi mgv‡b cvZjv cvqLvbv n‡”Q! KviY Avwg:Ÿ memgq wbivc` cvwb cvb Kwi bvŸ cvqLvbv †_‡K G‡m mvevb w`‡q `yB
nvZ ayB bvŸ Lvevi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ayB bvŸ †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv KwiŸ m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q w`‡q cvqLvbvq hvB bvŸ mKv‡j LvIqvi ci Ges iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi
Av‡M `uvZ eªvk Kwi bvŸ cÖwZ mßv‡n bL KvwU bv GesŸ †hLv‡b †mLv‡b gqjv AveR©bv †dwj|
ivYx-8: Avgvi wKQzB nqwb| Avwg my¯’ AvwQ I g‡bi Avb‡›` †Ljv KiwQ| KviY Avwg ¯^v¯’¨ fv‡jv ivLvi mKj wbqg †g‡b Pwj|
7gAwfbq
cwiwPwZ: iwe †hLv‡b †mLv‡b gqjv Ave©Rbv †d‡j Ges ivYx wbw`©ó M‡Z© gqjv Ave©Rbv †d‡j
D‡Ïk¨: GB Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvixiv eyS‡eb †h wbw`©ó M‡Z©/¯’v‡b gqjv Ave©Rbv †dj‡j cwi‡ek cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ _v‡K Ges †ivM evjvB Qovq bv
ivYx-7: bv †evb, †hLv‡b †mLv‡b gqjv AveR©bv †djv wVK bv| ivRcyÎ Avgv‡K e‡j‡Q gqjv AveR©bv wbw`©ó M‡Z©i g‡a¨ †dj‡Z nq| G‡Z cwi‡ek fv‡jv _v‡K Ges †ivM evjvB Qovq bv|
5gAwfbq
cwiwPwZ: iwe nvZ bv ay‡q †Lvjv Lvevi Lv‡”Q Ges ivYxi Lvevi XvKv Av‡Q Ges Lvevi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q nvZ ay‡q wb‡”Q
D‡Ïk¨: GB Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvixiv eyS‡eb †h LvIqvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q fvjfv‡e `yB nvZ †aŠZ Ki‡j Wvqwiqv nq bv Ges Lvevi Av‡M nvZ †avqvi Af¨vm Ki‡e
iwe-5: Lvevi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ †avqv? †K GZ Kó K‡i? fvB ZzB nvZ bv ay‡qB Lv|
ivYx-6: Avwg ivYx| ivRcÎy Avgv‡K e‡j‡Q, mKv‡j LvIqvi ci Ges iv‡Z Ngy v‡bvi Av‡M `vu Z evª k bv Ki‡j Ges cwÖ Z mßv‡n bL bv KvU‡j Wvqwiqv nq| (KviY `vu ‡Zi dvu ‡K cPv Lvevi Ges b‡Li †Kvbvq RxevYy R‡g _v‡K hv †c‡U hvq|)
6ôAwfbq
cwiwPwZ: iwe LvIqvi ci I Nygv‡bvi Av‡M `uvZ eªvk K‡i bv Ges nv‡Zi bLI Kv‡U bv Ges ivYx LvIqvi ci I Nygv‡bvi Av‡M `uvZ eªvk K‡i Ges nv‡Zi bLI Kv‡U
D‡Ïk¨: GB Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvixiv eyS‡eb †h LvIqvi ci I Kiv Ges cÖwZ mßv‡n bL KvUv fv‡jv
Nygv‡bvi Av‡M `uvZ eªvk
ivYx-5: bv †evb, Lvevi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ay‡Z nq| KviY nv‡Z †j‡M _vKv †ivM RxevYy †`Lv hvq bv| mvevb w`‡q nvZ bv ay‡j †mB RxevYy †c‡U wM‡q Wvqwiqv nq|
iwe-6: Avwg iwe| Avwg mKv‡j LvIqvi ci Ges iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi Av‡M `uvZ eªvk Avi bL KvUvi avi avwi bv| fvB †`LwQm, †Zvi nv‡Zi eo eo bL KZ my›`i †`Lvq|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 114
8gAwfbq
cwiwPwZ: iwei Wvqwiqv n‡q‡Q KviY †m †Kvb wbqg †g‡b P‡jwb Ges ivYx my¯’ Av‡Q KviY †m mKj wbqg †g‡b P‡j‡Q|
D‡Ïk¨: GB KvW© †_‡K AskMÖnYKvixMY Rvb‡eb, ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi bv Ki‡j, †Lvjv Lvevi †L‡j, mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ bv ay‡j, Ges wbqwgZ `uvZ eªvk I bL bv KvU‡j Wvqwiqv nq
wbivc` cvwb cvb bv Ki‡j
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 115
iwe-7: fvB, ZzB g‡bi Avb‡›` †hLv‡b †mLv‡b gqjv AveR©bv †dj| GZ Kó K‡i wbw`©ó M‡Z© gqjv AveR©bv †K †d‡j?
iwe-8: I‡i evev‡i! †c‡U e¨_v! g‡i †Mjvg! Avgvi mgv‡b cvZjv cvqLvbv n‡”Q! KviY Avwg:Ÿ memgq wbivc` cvwb cvb Kwi bvŸ cvqLvbv †_‡K G‡m mvevb w`‡q `yB
nvZ ayB bvŸ Lvevi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ayB bvŸ †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv KwiŸ m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q w`‡q cvqLvbvq hvB bvŸ mKv‡j LvIqvi ci Ges iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi
Av‡M `uvZ eªvk Kwi bvŸ cÖwZ mßv‡n bL KvwU bv GesŸ †hLv‡b †mLv‡b gqjv AveR©bv †dwj|
ivYx-8: Avgvi wKQzB nqwb| Avwg my¯’ AvwQ I g‡bi Avb‡›` †Ljv KiwQ| KviY Avwg ¯^v¯’¨ fv‡jv ivLvi mKj wbqg †g‡b Pwj|
9gAwfbq
cwiwPwZ: iwe‡K ¯^v¯’¨‡K‡›`ª/nvmcvZv‡j wb‡q hvIqv n‡”Q Ges ivYx dz‡ji gvjv Mjvq w`‡q e‡m †iwWI‡Z Mvb ïb‡Q|
D‡Ïk¨: GB Awfbq †_‡K AskMÖnYKvixMY, myô cqtwb®‹vkb I wbqwgZfv‡e ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Abykxjb bv Ki‡j, Gi cwiYwZ iwei gZ gvivZ¥K Amy¯’I n‡Z cv‡i, GB welqwU Abyaveb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
iwe-9: Avnv‡i! Avwg GLb Lye Amy¯’, nvmcvZv‡j hvw”Q| Avwg my¯’ n‡q wd‡i G‡j ivYxi g‡Zv me wbqg †g‡b Pj‡ev-Ÿ memgq wbivc` cvwb cvb Ki‡ev;Ÿ †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv Ki‡ev bv;Ÿ m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q w`‡q cvqLvbvq hv‡ev;Ÿ Lvevi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ay‡ev;Ÿ cvqLvbv †_‡K G‡m mvevb w`‡q `yB
nvZ ay‡ev;Ÿ mKv‡j LvIqvi ci I iv‡Z Nygv‡bi
Av‡M `uvZ eªvk Ki‡ev;Ÿ cÖwZ mßv‡n bL KvU‡ev GesŸ wbw`©ó M‡Z© gqjv-AveR©bv †dj‡ev|†Zvgiv KL‡bv G fzj Ki‡e bv, ivYxi g‡Zv me wbqg †g‡b Pj‡e|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 116 117
†mkb cwiPvjbv cÖwµqv-2
iwe-ivYx KvW© e¨envi c×wZ
†mkb cwiPvjbv cÖwµqv-2 Gi †ÿ‡Î iwe-ivYxi Mí bv ej‡jI KvW© cÖ`k‡b©i gva¨‡g ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmv‡ii evZ©v cÖ`vb Kiv hv‡e| GB †ÿ‡Î AskMÖnYKvixi aiY I ̄ ’v‡bi †ÿ‡Î wfbœZv _vK‡e| †mkb cwiPvjbv cÖwµqv-2 n‡e wb¤œiƒc:
D‡Ïk¨: iwe-ivYx KvW© cÖ`©‡bi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK Dbœqb ̀ ‡j ̄ ^v¯’¨f¨vm cÖmv‡ii evZ©v cÖ`vb Kiv;
DcKiY: iwe-ivYxi d¬vk KvW©mg~n (9 †Rvov A_©vr 18wU)|
c×wZ: Av‡jvPbv I cÖ‡kœv‡Ëvi
mgq: 50 wgwbU|
1g †Rvov KvW©
Ÿhviv iwe-ivYx KvW© †c‡q‡Q Zv‡`i‡K Kv‡Q wb‡q Avmyb (cÖ_‡g iwe c‡i ivYx)
ŸKvW© ̀ y‡Uv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb
ŸGevi cÖkœ K‡i †R‡b wbb, AskMÖnYKvixiv iwe-ivYx wPb‡Z cvi‡Q wKbv|
2q †Rvov KvW©
Ÿ2q †Rvov KvW© hviv †c‡q‡Q Zv‡`i‡K Kv‡Q WvKzb (cÖ_‡g iwe c‡i ivYx)
Ÿiwei evZ©vwU Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb
ŸGevi AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K cÖkœ Kivi my‡hvM w`b
ŸAvcwb cÖkœ Kiæb
- iwe †Kv_vq cvqLvbv Ki‡Q?
- †Zvgv‡`i Kv‡Q wK g‡b n‡”Q, iwe †hLv‡b cvqLvbv K‡i‡Q, †mLv‡b Ki‡j †Kvb Amyweav n‡e?
- wK wK Amyweav Av‡Q?
- †Kb n‡e?
ŸGevi ivYxi KvW© cÖ`k©b Kiæb Ges cÖkœ Kiæb
- ivYx †Kv_vq hv‡”Q?
- GUv Ki‡j wK jvf n‡e?
- †Kb jvf n‡e?
- Zvn‡j Avgiv †KvbUv Ki‡e?
3q †Rvov KvW©
ŸGKBfv‡e iwei KvW© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb
ŸcÖkœ Kiæb
- iwe wK Ki‡Q?
- GUv †_‡K Avgv‡`i wK n‡Z cv‡i?
- †Kb n‡Z cv‡i?
ŸGevi ivbxi KvW© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖkœ Kiæb
- ivYx wK Ki‡Q?
- †Kb Ki‡Q?
ivYx-9: wK gRv! wK gRv! Avwg me mgq wbqg †g‡b P‡jwQ| ZvB Avgvi Wvqwiqv nqwb| †`L, †`L ivRcyÎ Avgv‡K cyi¯‹vi w`‡q‡Q! KviY Avwg me wbqg †g‡b Pwj-Ÿ me mgq wbivc` cvwb cvb KwiŸ cvqLvbv †_‡K G‡m mvevb w`‡q
`yB nvZ ayBŸ Lvevi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q `By nvZ aByŸ †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv Kwi bvŸ m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q w`‡q cvqLvbvq hvBŸ mKv‡j LvIqvi ci I iv‡Z
Nygv‡bi Av‡M `uvZ eªvk KwiŸ cÖwZ mßv‡n bL KuvwU GesŸ wbw`©ó M‡Z© gqjv AveR©bv †dwj|
9gAwfbq
cwiwPwZ: iwe‡K ¯^v¯’¨‡K‡›`ª/nvmcvZv‡j wb‡q hvIqv n‡”Q Ges ivYx dz‡ji gvjv Mjvq w`‡q e‡m †iwWI‡Z Mvb ïb‡Q|
D‡Ïk¨: GB Awfbq †_‡K AskMÖnYKvixMY, myô cqtwb®‹vkb I wbqwgZfv‡e ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Abykxjb bv Ki‡j, Gi cwiYwZ iwei gZ gvivZ¥K Amy¯’I n‡Z cv‡i, GB welqwU Abyaveb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
iwe-9: Avnv‡i! Avwg GLb Lye Amy¯’, nvmcvZv‡j hvw”Q| Avwg my¯’ n‡q wd‡i G‡j ivYxi g‡Zv me wbqg †g‡b Pj‡ev-Ÿ memgq wbivc` cvwb cvb Ki‡ev;Ÿ †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv Ki‡ev bv;Ÿ m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q w`‡q cvqLvbvq hv‡ev;Ÿ Lvevi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q `yB nvZ ay‡ev;Ÿ cvqLvbv †_‡K G‡m mvevb w`‡q `yB
nvZ ay‡ev;Ÿ mKv‡j LvIqvi ci I iv‡Z Nygv‡bi
Av‡M `uvZ eªvk Ki‡ev;Ÿ cÖwZ mßv‡n bL KvU‡ev GesŸ wbw`©ó M‡Z© gqjv-AveR©bv †dj‡ev|†Zvgiv KL‡bv G fzj Ki‡e bv, ivYxi g‡Zv me wbqg †g‡b Pj‡e|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 116 117
†mkb cwiPvjbv cÖwµqv-2
iwe-ivYx KvW© e¨envi c×wZ
†mkb cwiPvjbv cÖwµqv-2 Gi †ÿ‡Î iwe-ivYxi Mí bv ej‡jI KvW© cÖ`k‡b©i gva¨‡g ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm cÖmv‡ii evZ©v cÖ`vb Kiv hv‡e| GB †ÿ‡Î AskMÖnYKvixi aiY I ̄ ’v‡bi †ÿ‡Î wfbœZv _vK‡e| †mkb cwiPvjbv cÖwµqv-2 n‡e wb¤œiƒc:
D‡Ïk¨: iwe-ivYx KvW© cÖ`©‡bi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK Dbœqb ̀ ‡j ̄ ^v¯’¨f¨vm cÖmv‡ii evZ©v cÖ`vb Kiv;
DcKiY: iwe-ivYxi d¬vk KvW©mg~n (9 †Rvov A_©vr 18wU)|
c×wZ: Av‡jvPbv I cÖ‡kœv‡Ëvi
mgq: 50 wgwbU|
1g †Rvov KvW©
Ÿhviv iwe-ivYx KvW© †c‡q‡Q Zv‡`i‡K Kv‡Q wb‡q Avmyb (cÖ_‡g iwe c‡i ivYx)
ŸKvW© ̀ y‡Uv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb
ŸGevi cÖkœ K‡i †R‡b wbb, AskMÖnYKvixiv iwe-ivYx wPb‡Z cvi‡Q wKbv|
2q †Rvov KvW©
Ÿ2q †Rvov KvW© hviv †c‡q‡Q Zv‡`i‡K Kv‡Q WvKzb (cÖ_‡g iwe c‡i ivYx)
Ÿiwei evZ©vwU Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb
ŸGevi AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K cÖkœ Kivi my‡hvM w`b
ŸAvcwb cÖkœ Kiæb
- iwe †Kv_vq cvqLvbv Ki‡Q?
- †Zvgv‡`i Kv‡Q wK g‡b n‡”Q, iwe †hLv‡b cvqLvbv K‡i‡Q, †mLv‡b Ki‡j †Kvb Amyweav n‡e?
- wK wK Amyweav Av‡Q?
- †Kb n‡e?
ŸGevi ivYxi KvW© cÖ`k©b Kiæb Ges cÖkœ Kiæb
- ivYx †Kv_vq hv‡”Q?
- GUv Ki‡j wK jvf n‡e?
- †Kb jvf n‡e?
- Zvn‡j Avgiv †KvbUv Ki‡e?
3q †Rvov KvW©
ŸGKBfv‡e iwei KvW© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb
ŸcÖkœ Kiæb
- iwe wK Ki‡Q?
- GUv †_‡K Avgv‡`i wK n‡Z cv‡i?
- †Kb n‡Z cv‡i?
ŸGevi ivbxi KvW© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖkœ Kiæb
- ivYx wK Ki‡Q?
- †Kb Ki‡Q?
ivYx-9: wK gRv! wK gRv! Avwg me mgq wbqg †g‡b P‡jwQ| ZvB Avgvi Wvqwiqv nqwb| †`L, †`L ivRcyÎ Avgv‡K cyi¯‹vi w`‡q‡Q! KviY Avwg me wbqg †g‡b Pwj-Ÿ me mgq wbivc` cvwb cvb KwiŸ cvqLvbv †_‡K G‡m mvevb w`‡q
`yB nvZ ayBŸ Lvevi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q `By nvZ aByŸ †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv Kwi bvŸ m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q w`‡q cvqLvbvq hvBŸ mKv‡j LvIqvi ci I iv‡Z
Nygv‡bi Av‡M `uvZ eªvk KwiŸ cÖwZ mßv‡n bL KuvwU GesŸ wbw`©ó M‡Z© gqjv AveR©bv †dwj|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 118 119
- GUv Ki‡j wK n‡e?
- †Kb n‡e bv?
- Avgiv †KvbUv Ki‡ev Ges †Kb Ki‡ev?
4_© †Rvov KvW©
Ÿiwei KvW©wU Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb
ŸcÖkœKiæb
- iwe wK Ki‡Q?
- iwei fvB wK Ki‡Q?
- †Kv_vq Ki‡Q?
- G‡Z wK ¶wZ n‡Z cv‡i?
- †Kb?
ŸGevi ivYxi KvW© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖkœ Kiæb
- ivYx wK Ki‡Q?
- ivYxi †evb wK Ki‡Q?
- ivYxi †evb †Kv_vq cvqLvbv Ki‡Q?
- wbw`©ó RvqMvq cvqLvbv Ki‡j wK DcKvi nq?
- †Kb?
5g †Rvov KvW©
Ÿiwei KvW© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖkœ Kiæb
- iwe wK Ki‡Q?
- Zvi Lvevi¸wj †Kgbfv‡e ivLv Av‡Q?
- Lvev‡ii Dc‡i wK Do‡Q?
- iwe wK nvZ ay‡q‡Q?
- nvZ bv ay‡q †L‡j wK nq?
- †Kb nq?
ŸGevi ivYxi KvW© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖkœ Kiæb
- ivYx wK Ki‡Q?
- Zvi Lvevi¸wj wKfv‡e ivLv Av‡Q?
- †Kb XvKv Av‡Q?
- Lvevi †X‡K ivL‡j wK nq?
- †Kb?
- Avgiv Zvn‡j Lvevi wKfv‡e ivL‡ev?
- Avgiv Lvevi Av‡M wK Ki‡ev?
- †Kb Ki‡ev?
6ô †Rvov KvW©
ŸGevi iwei KvW© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖkœ Kiæb
- iwe wK Ki‡Q?
- iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi Av‡M I mKv‡j Lvevi c‡i ̀ uvZ eªvk bv Kivi Rb¨ wK ej‡Q?
- iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi Av‡M I mKv‡j Lvevi c‡i ̀ uvZ eªvk bv Ki‡j Avgv‡`i wK ÿwZ nq?
- bL bv KvUvi Rb¨ iwe Zv †QvU fvB‡K wK ej‡Q ?
- iwe wK wbqwgZ bL Kv‡U?
- Avgv‡`i wK iwei gZ bv KvUv fvj, bv wK wbqwgZ bL KvUv DwPr?
- †Kb iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi Av‡M I mKv‡j Lvevi c‡i ̀ uvZ eªvk Kiv nq Ges wbqwgZ bL KvUv nq?
ŸGevi ivYxi KvW© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖkœ Kiæb
- ivYx KLb KLb ̀ uvZ eªvk K‡i?
- ivYx †Kb iv‡Z I mKv‡j ̀ uvZ eªvk K‡i?
- ivYx wK wbqwgZ bL Kuv‡U?
- cÖwZ mßv‡n bL bv KuvU‡j wK n‡e?
- †Kb Avgiv iv‡Z I mKv‡j ̀ uvZ eªvk Ki‡ev Ges wbqwgZ bL KvU‡ev?
7g †Rvov KvW©
Ÿ Gevi iwei KvW© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖkœ Kiæb
- iwe wK Ki‡Q?
- iwe wK †hLv‡b †mLv‡b gqjv †djvi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ Ki‡Q?
- †Kb DrmvwnZ Ki‡Q ?
- †Kb wbw`©ó M‡Z© gqjv AveR©bv †d‡j bv?
Ÿ Gevi iwei KvW© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖkœ Kiæb
- ivYx wK Ki‡Q?
- ivYx Zvi †QvU †evb‡K wK civgk© w`‡”Q?
- gqjv AveR©bv †Kv_vq †djv DwPr?
- Avgiv wK gqjv AveR©bv wbw`ó M‡Z© †dwj Ges gqjv AveR©bv wbw`ó M‡Z© †dj‡j wK DcKvi n‡e?
8g †Rvov KvW©
Ÿ8g †Rvov KvW© hviv †c‡q‡Qb Zv‡`i‡K wb‡q Av‡mb (cÖ_‡g iwe c‡i ivYx)
Ÿiwei KvW©wU Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb
ŸAskMÖnYKvixMY‡K cÖkœ Kivi my‡hvM w`b
ŸAvcwb cÖkœ Kiæb
- iwei †Kb Wvqwiqv n‡q‡Q?
- iwe wK wK Lvivc KvR K‡iwQj?
- Lvevi I Lvevi cvwb wK Ae¯’vq Av‡Q?
- Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i wK Kiv DwPZ?
ŸGevi ivYxi KvW© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb
- ivYx wK Ki‡Q?
- Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i wK Kiv DwPZ?
- Gevi cybiv‡jvPbv Kiæb
- †mkb †k‡l mevB‡K ab¨ev` w`b|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 118 119
- GUv Ki‡j wK n‡e?
- †Kb n‡e bv?
- Avgiv †KvbUv Ki‡ev Ges †Kb Ki‡ev?
4_© †Rvov KvW©
Ÿiwei KvW©wU Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb
ŸcÖkœKiæb
- iwe wK Ki‡Q?
- iwei fvB wK Ki‡Q?
- †Kv_vq Ki‡Q?
- G‡Z wK ¶wZ n‡Z cv‡i?
- †Kb?
ŸGevi ivYxi KvW© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖkœ Kiæb
- ivYx wK Ki‡Q?
- ivYxi †evb wK Ki‡Q?
- ivYxi †evb †Kv_vq cvqLvbv Ki‡Q?
- wbw`©ó RvqMvq cvqLvbv Ki‡j wK DcKvi nq?
- †Kb?
5g †Rvov KvW©
Ÿiwei KvW© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖkœ Kiæb
- iwe wK Ki‡Q?
- Zvi Lvevi¸wj †Kgbfv‡e ivLv Av‡Q?
- Lvev‡ii Dc‡i wK Do‡Q?
- iwe wK nvZ ay‡q‡Q?
- nvZ bv ay‡q †L‡j wK nq?
- †Kb nq?
ŸGevi ivYxi KvW© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖkœ Kiæb
- ivYx wK Ki‡Q?
- Zvi Lvevi¸wj wKfv‡e ivLv Av‡Q?
- †Kb XvKv Av‡Q?
- Lvevi †X‡K ivL‡j wK nq?
- †Kb?
- Avgiv Zvn‡j Lvevi wKfv‡e ivL‡ev?
- Avgiv Lvevi Av‡M wK Ki‡ev?
- †Kb Ki‡ev?
6ô †Rvov KvW©
ŸGevi iwei KvW© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖkœ Kiæb
- iwe wK Ki‡Q?
- iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi Av‡M I mKv‡j Lvevi c‡i ̀ uvZ eªvk bv Kivi Rb¨ wK ej‡Q?
- iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi Av‡M I mKv‡j Lvevi c‡i ̀ uvZ eªvk bv Ki‡j Avgv‡`i wK ÿwZ nq?
- bL bv KvUvi Rb¨ iwe Zv †QvU fvB‡K wK ej‡Q ?
- iwe wK wbqwgZ bL Kv‡U?
- Avgv‡`i wK iwei gZ bv KvUv fvj, bv wK wbqwgZ bL KvUv DwPr?
- †Kb iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi Av‡M I mKv‡j Lvevi c‡i ̀ uvZ eªvk Kiv nq Ges wbqwgZ bL KvUv nq?
ŸGevi ivYxi KvW© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖkœ Kiæb
- ivYx KLb KLb ̀ uvZ eªvk K‡i?
- ivYx †Kb iv‡Z I mKv‡j ̀ uvZ eªvk K‡i?
- ivYx wK wbqwgZ bL Kuv‡U?
- cÖwZ mßv‡n bL bv KuvU‡j wK n‡e?
- †Kb Avgiv iv‡Z I mKv‡j ̀ uvZ eªvk Ki‡ev Ges wbqwgZ bL KvU‡ev?
7g †Rvov KvW©
Ÿ Gevi iwei KvW© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖkœ Kiæb
- iwe wK Ki‡Q?
- iwe wK †hLv‡b †mLv‡b gqjv †djvi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ Ki‡Q?
- †Kb DrmvwnZ Ki‡Q ?
- †Kb wbw`©ó M‡Z© gqjv AveR©bv †d‡j bv?
Ÿ Gevi iwei KvW© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖkœ Kiæb
- ivYx wK Ki‡Q?
- ivYx Zvi †QvU †evb‡K wK civgk© w`‡”Q?
- gqjv AveR©bv †Kv_vq †djv DwPr?
- Avgiv wK gqjv AveR©bv wbw`ó M‡Z© †dwj Ges gqjv AveR©bv wbw`ó M‡Z© †dj‡j wK DcKvi n‡e?
8g †Rvov KvW©
Ÿ8g †Rvov KvW© hviv †c‡q‡Qb Zv‡`i‡K wb‡q Av‡mb (cÖ_‡g iwe c‡i ivYx)
Ÿiwei KvW©wU Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb
ŸAskMÖnYKvixMY‡K cÖkœ Kivi my‡hvM w`b
ŸAvcwb cÖkœ Kiæb
- iwei †Kb Wvqwiqv n‡q‡Q?
- iwe wK wK Lvivc KvR K‡iwQj?
- Lvevi I Lvevi cvwb wK Ae¯’vq Av‡Q?
- Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i wK Kiv DwPZ?
ŸGevi ivYxi KvW© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb
- ivYx wK Ki‡Q?
- Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i wK Kiv DwPZ?
- Gevi cybiv‡jvPbv Kiæb
- †mkb †k‡l mevB‡K ab¨ev` w`b|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 120
9g †Rvov KvW©
Ÿ iwei KvW©wU Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb, cÖkœ Kiæb-
- iwiÕi wK n‡q‡Q?
- †Kb Ggb n‡jv?
- Avgv‡`i wK Kiv DwPZ?
ŸivYxi KvW©wU Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb, cÖkœ Kiæb-
- ivYx wK Ki‡Q?
- †Kb †m fvj Av‡Q?
- †Kb †m cyi¯‹vi †c‡q‡Q?
- Avgv‡`i wK Kiv DwPZ?
†bvU
ŸDc‡ii cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi duv‡K wKQyUv Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Qwe m¤ú‡K© aviYv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e|
Pievmx‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm Dbœqb g¨vbyqvj 120
9g †Rvov KvW©
Ÿ iwei KvW©wU Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb, cÖkœ Kiæb-
- iwiÕi wK n‡q‡Q?
- †Kb Ggb n‡jv?
- Avgv‡`i wK Kiv DwPZ?
ŸivYxi KvW©wU Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb, cÖkœ Kiæb-
- ivYx wK Ki‡Q?
- †Kb †m fvj Av‡Q?
- †Kb †m cyi¯‹vi †c‡q‡Q?
- Avgv‡`i wK Kiv DwPZ?
†bvU
ŸDc‡ii cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi duv‡K wKQyUv Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Qwe m¤ú‡K© aviYv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj G¨vKkb, evsjv‡`kevwo # 12/we, †ivW # 4, avbgwÛ,XvKv-1205, evsjv‡`k†dvb: +88-02-8650439,9675236, 9675243d¨v·: +88-02-9674340B-‡gBj: [email protected]
www.practicalaction.org
BDwb‡md evsjv‡`kweGmGj Awdm Kg‡cø·1 wg›Uz †ivW, XvKv-1000, evsjv‡`k†Uwj‡dvb: +88-02-885 2266www.unicef.org.bd
Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~Px (wmGjwc)cjøx Dbœqb GKv‡Wwg K¨v¤úvm†kicyi, e¸ov 5842,evsjv‡`k†Uwj‡dvb: +88 01730 006936+88 01730 006937B-‡gBj: [email protected]
www.clp-bangladesh.org
nvZ †avqvmvevb w`‡q nvZ †avemevB wg‡j my¯’ i‡ev
¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi Kwi
†ivMgy³ Rxeb Mwo
wbivc` cvwbcvb K‡i wbivc` cvwb
Kg‡Q †gv‡`i †ivM evjvB Avi Rxeb nvwb
e¨w³MZ cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZve¨w³MZ cwi”QbœZv eRvq ivwL
my¯’, mej I my›`i _vwK
cwi‡ekMZ ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vmcwi®‹vi ivwL Avkcvk my¯’ _vwK ev‡iv gvm