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Morgan State UniversityDepartment of Industrial and System Engineering

Using System Analysis Methodology To Enhance Efficiency Of Best Management Practices For Capturing Stormwater–

Case Study; District Of Columbia

Mohammadreza Jabehdari, LeeRoy Bronner, Ph.D.

1

• Background

• Objective

• Method

• System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

• Conceptual Model

• Use Case Model

• Object-Oriented Model – Problem Solution

• Conclusion

• References

2

Agenda

Sanitary Sewer Overflow (SSO):untreated sewage is discharged from a sanitarysewer into the environment prior to reaching sewagetreatment facilities.

Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO):To avoid flood, regulators are designed to let theexcess flow, which is a mixture of stormwater andsanitary wastes, be discharged directly into the riversand creeks.

SSO

CSO

Stormwater3

Background

4

Background

D.C. Water (2018)

610

13

25

32

62

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Num

bers

of o

verf

low

Year

Location of the SSOs:

SSO

SSOs increasing trend since 2013:

D.C. Water (2018)

5

The environment and scope of the project:

6

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

• Stormwater runoff pollutes river

• Usable water is wasted by allowing to

become stormwater

7

Problem Definition

Rain Waste water treatment plant

May overflowRiver or City

Combinedsewer system

Stormwater

8

Residential & industrial usage Drinking watertreatment plant

River City

High Level System Model

Precipitation

River

Impervious area

Waste water

Storm water

Drinking water

Residential user

Non-potable Water

Industrial user

Well-designed network of BMPs

Combined Sewer system

Separate Sewer system

Sewer

CSO

- Store water- Green space- Infiltrate- Delay to sewer

system

Non effectiveBMPs

No CSO

Can goes

9

Conceptual Model

Stormwater

SSOCity

City

Managers

Contractor

Researcher

10

Users

Stormwater management

Policy Stormwater BMP Sewer system

Prepare standard operation method and checklists to evaluate

contractors

Construct BMPs

Adapt the sewer system drains with designed

BMPs

Determine appropriate BMP based on the local

potential

11

Use case diagram

Simulate the amount of runoff for each node

Strategically design network of BMPs

12

Use case diagram - Water transfer infrastructureEnterprise Architect software:

- A graphical tool - Helps teams build robust and maintainable

systems

uc Primary Use Cases

Stormwater BMP

Determine appropriate BMP based on the local potential

Researcher


Manager

ContractorConstructe the BMPs

Simulate the amount of runoff for each nod

City

«include»

«include»

Stormwater management

Stormwater BMP

Strategically design network of BMPs:

1. Manager gives mission to city by new policies to capture stormwater.

2. City ask researcher for a comprehensive plan to capture stormwater.

3. Researcher simulate the amount of runoff stream for each sewer drain.

4. Researcher determine the best type of BMPs for each location based on the physical limits and runoff reduction.

5. Researcher prepare documents of required capacity of BMPs for given reliability.

6. City approves the requirements.7. Researcher design strategical network of BMPs.8. Researcher prepare type, location, size and material of the

BMPs for the City to give it to the contractors.9. Contractor builds BMPs using documents.10. City controls and approves.

13

Use Case Scenarios

14

Object Diagram- Capture the Stormwater: object Capture the stormwater


BMPs document:Document

- Requeirments :char- Capacity required plan- Type of BMPs

+ clarify the requierments() :char+ support call for policy () :char

Contractor 1: Contractor

- Facilities :char- Equipment :char

+ Biuld the BMPs() :char+ Adapt the sewer drains () :char

Network of BMPs

- linked by their function :char - Capacity- gallon :int- Type :char- Size-area :int

+ Capture stormwater efficeintly()+ Avoid flood()+ Provide water to be used localy()+ Provide green space ()+ Provide ecosystem services()

Researcher 1 : Researcher

- Knowledge- Director

+ Manage other researchers()+ Collecte data() :char+ Design() :char+ Analyze() :char

DC :City

- Border :char- Stormwater :char- Combined Sewer system :char- Population :char- Sewage :char

+ Ruling the city () :char+ Build public places() :char

Stormwater manager: Manager

- Responsibility for capturing the stormwater :char

+ Managing () :char+ Policy making () :char+ Contractor selection () :char

Stormwater of scope: Stormwater

- Valume :int

+ Makes CSO() :char+ Makes SSO() :char+ Damage city () :char

Researcher 2 : Researcher

- Knows models

+ Collecte data() :char+ Simulate runoff() :char+ Analyze() :char

Make problems

Givesmisson

BMPs documents«flow»

Evaluates

Contracts

Asks for asolution

Prepars

Strategically design

Documents«flow»

Captures

Builds

Documents«flow»

ss Network of BMPs

BMP1

- Location :int- Type: SW :char- Capasity:40 :int

+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char

BMP2

- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int


BMP3



BMP4



BMP5



BMP6



BMP7



BMP8



BMP10



BMP9



class Network of BMPs

BMP1



BMP2



BMP3



BMP4



BMP5



BMP6



BMP7



BMP8



BMP10



BMP9



15

Network of BMPs

Hirschman et al. 2008.

16

Sewer system network

Using models:

- Probability of precipitation- Probability of runoff for each nodes- Highest capacity determine by the highest

precipitation- Desire reliability determine the required capacity for

BMPs.

There are some BMPs in this area but not adequate.

BMP “Pervious Parking” type

BMP “Bioretention ” type

17

Sewer System Network With Layout of BMPs

Green space

Parking lot

18

How Network of BMPs cover the area:

SSO

CSO

class Network of BMPs - Picture

BMP1



BMP2



BMP3



BMP4



BMP5



BMP6



BMP7



BMP8



BMP10



BMP9



19

Nodes of the network class Network of BMPs - Picture

BMP1



BMP2



BMP3



BMP4



BMP5



BMP6



BMP7



BMP8



BMP10



BMP9



20

Sequence diagram- Create new design for Road construction sd Capture the stormwater

:Manager :Researcher :ContractorDC City

«information»Document

«Physical ob...BMP

1.Manager gives the citymission to capture thestormwater ()

2.City ask researcher toprepare documents andrequierments () 3.Researcher

preparesdocuments()

4.City usedocument to enactpolicy ()

5.City gives call for newpolycies to the manager () 6.Makes contract and

gives the documents()

9.Contractorebuild the BMPsbased on thedocument andpolicy ()

10.City control andapprove the BMPs ifthey meet therequierments.()

21

Activity Diagram- Crate new design for road construction act Capture stormwater_Activ ityGraph

ContractorResearcherCityManager

Start

Manager giv es the city mission to capture the

stormwater

City ask researcher for a comprehensiv e plan to

capture stormwaterResearcher simulate the amount of runoff stream

for each sewer drain

Researcher determine the best type of BMPs for each

location based on the physical limits and runoff

reduction

Researcher prepare documents of required capacity of BMPs for

giv en reliability

City approv es the requirements

Researcher design strategical network of

BMPs

End

Researcher prepare type, location, size and material of the BMPs for the City to giv e it to the contractors

Contractor builds BMPs using documents

Final control

22

Conclusion and future research

Systems engineering is broadly concerned with the planning and management. Incorporating this

system with water management, can lead to the systematic solutions:

• Determine responsibilities of all stakeholders or users.

• Activity plan which is ready to be used by project managers for each specific section.

• Detail oriented with holistic view.

Thank you for your attention!

Question?

Email: [email protected]

Morgan State UniversityDepartment of Industrial and System Engineering

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mailto:[email protected]

REFRENCES

1. District of Colombia, Water and Sewer Authority

2. https://dcwater-opendata.socrata.com/Sewer-Infrastructure/SSO-2018/t8v6-xks8

3. Buede, D. M., & Miller, W. D. (2016). The engineering design of systems: models and methods. John

Wiley & Sons.

4. Tsang, Curtis, Lau, Clarence, Leung, Ying, “Object-Oriented Technology”,

5. McGraw-Hill, Boston, Massachusetts, 2005

6. Dennis, A., Wixom, B., Roth, R., “Systems Analysis and Design,” John Wiley and

7. Sons, Inc., Hoboken, N.J., 6th Edition, 2015.

8. Naval Systems Engineering Guide, October 2004.

9. Hirschman, D. J., & Kosco, J. (2008). Managing stormwater in your community: a guide for building an

effective post-construction program. Center for Watershed Protection.

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