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TRANSCRIPT
UTP vs. STPThe future is shielded
March 2010
Content
Introduction
Performance Mythbusting
Conclusion
Where The Discussion Started
1. IEEE 802.3an (10GB Ethernet) is the first application standard confirming
that for 10GBE STP performs better than UTP !!!
2. The reason for the limited UTP performance with 10GBE is EMC
Introduction
What is EMC ?
• Electromagnetic compatibility describes the capability of a
device, system or installation to work free of any
interferences in its electromagnetic environment without
impairing the functionality of other installations. Hence,
electromagnetic interference caused by any such installation
must be limited. In order to operate properly, said installation
must also be immune to any interference typically occurring
in its environment
• It is the duty of the enduser to ensure the proper EMC
functionality if his IT systems
Introduction
EMC with 10GBE / Cat. 6A
• 10GBE is very prone to radiation and immunity.
Why ?– 10 Gb/s protocol has a very low signal level
– Our environment is transmitting a lot of noise
– The system is disturbing itself
BlitzstromableiterParallel geführte Leitungen
Leiterschleife
Bild 6: Elektromagnetischer Impuls (Obo Bettermann)
0V
+260mV
- 260mV
100BASE-TX 1000BASE-T10GBASE-T
MLT-3 PAM 5
1mV
DSQ128
noise
40mV
ANEXT
Introduction
Cabling Standard Reaction
• 10 Gb/s Ethernet requires improved Alien Crosstalk and EMC
behavior
• ISO/IEC 11801 amendments 1+2 define Alien Crosstalk
parameters for Class EA / Cat.6A and higher in order to cover the
disturbance from the system itself
• ISO/IEC 14763-2 / EN 50173-1 define the MICE table specifying– Environments classes
– Test parameters and procedures
– Electromagnetic Specifications cover EMC
• MICE environments are mandatory for cabling systems
Introduction
MICE specification for EMC
(ISO/IEC 11801 ed. 2.1)
ISO/IEC 11801
ISO/IEC 14763-2
Introduction
MICE specification
E3E2E1Electromagnetic rating
C3C2C1Climatic
I3I2I1Ingress rating
M3M2M1Mechanical rating
Level 3Level 2Level 1Requirement
• Level 1 is a office environment with low impact
• Level 2 is a office/ enterprise building environment with medium impact
• Level 3 is a industrial environment with high impact
• Important: For some customer groups (hospitals, airports) may a
combination of different classes possible ( M1,I2; C2, E3))
EM
C
Introduction
MICE specification for EMCIntroduction
UTP vs. STP
Performance
Independent Study
Independent 3rd Party Study
• Objectives:
• Qualification of UTP &STP Class EA systems
• Radiation testing
• Live 10GBASE-T Application testing
• MICE environments applications
• Practical testing
• Investigating the myth about
STP systems
• Study done from 06/2008 - 06/2009
at GHMT AG, Germany
• All tests done according international
standards in an EMC chamber
Unique
Performance
Unique
Unique
Unique
Who is GHMT AG ?
• Founded 1992 in Bexbach, Germany
• Independent test laboratory according to ISO/IEC 17025
(first lab accredited in Europe back in 2000)
• One of the 2 leading cabling test labs in Europe
• Strong expertise in
– Cabling & Systems
– EMC analysis & concepts
– Wireless applications
Performance
10GBASE-T live Test SetupPerformance
Qualification Testing
The Qualification
• 3 UTP systems Class EA
• 3 STP systems Class EA– F/UTP
– S/FTP (standard)
– S/FTP (high end)
• The six systems were technically
up to date and sourced from
market leading companies
• Qualification Criteria:
ISO/IEC 11801 Class EA channel
Performance
Qualification Results
• UTP Class EA systems perform well for “In-Channel” parameters like NEXT, RL etc. but 2 out of 3 clearly failed in achieving the Alien Crosstalk requirements (see red mark)
• STP Class EA Systems show much better Alien Crosstalk behaviour because of much higher coupling attenuation (see green mark)
• Conclusion: Twist-only noise suppression is very limited in achieving ANEXT requirements for 10Gb/s
• Cut: Because of insufficient ANEXT behaviour, system 00 has been excluded from the study
Performance
Study Results
EN 55022 / FCC part 15 - Radiation
• 10 GBASE-T shows higher radiation compared to 1 Gb/s
Performance
EN 55022 / FCC part 15 - Radiation
• Comparison of both technologies – UTP radiates much more
Performance
Immunity Testing according MICE I
Conducted High Frequency
• Test according IEC-EN 61000-4-3 to determinesystem immunity against radiated electromagneticfields. Simulates potential sources of disturbancee.g.
• Mobile radio installations, phones, walkie-talkiesand local radio or TV broadcasting stations
Radiated High Frequency
• Test according IEC-EN 61000-4-6 to determinesystem îmmunity against conducted electromagnaticfields. Simulates potential sources of disturbancee.g.
• Local radio or TV broadcasting stations
• Walkie-talkies. ISM devices, etc.
Performance
Practical Test: Mobile Phones
• Cabling systems have been tested with real practical disturbers
( Mobile Phones and Walkie Talkie)
• 10GBASE-T data traffic was monitored while disturbers have been
active
• 10GBASE-T data transfer on U/UTP systems data has been
impacted heavily or transfer stopped completely!
�����������Phones
Syste
m 01
Syste
m 02
System
03
System
04
System
05
Walkie
/Talkie ���� ���� � � �
Performance
Immunity Testing according MICE II
Electrostatic discharge
Magnetic Field
Fast Transients/Burst
Test according IEC-EN 61000-4-2 to
determine system immunity against
Electrostatic discharge (ESD)
caused by:
• low relative humidity
• low-conductivity floor coverings
• operator clothing made of vinyl fibres
Test according IEC-EN 61000-4-4 to
determine system immunity against
fast transient electrical disturbances
as generated by transient switching.
– Cut-off of inductive loads
– Relay contact chatter
– Powering of fluorescent lamps
Test according IEC-EN 61000-4-8 to
determine system immunity against
magnetic fields with power
frequencies (50/60 Hz). Simulates
potential sources of disturbance e.g.
– Currents in lines and busbars
– Transformers
– Low-voltage main distributors
Practical Test: Fluorescent LampsPerformance
System 01 System 02 System 03 System 04 System 05
Fluorescence
Lamp ���� ���� � � �
• 10GBASE-T data transfer stopped completely
or was heavily disturbed with U/UTP systems
when distance from cabling to lamp was < 0,5
m
• The same effect could be observed when lamp
has been switched on/off and distance lamp-
cabling was > 0,5 m
• No effect on STP Cabling
Practical Test: Fluorescent LampsPerformance
• Separation distance
to power cables
• Distances between
0-50 cm
• Simulation of
common installation
practice with burst
placement on power
cables
Practical Test:
Distance to Power CablePerformance
• U/UTP systems need as a minimum 30 cm distance to power cables
• STP systems have no limitations
Practical Test: Fast Transients Separation Distance to Power Cable
Performance
Data impact of separation distance
• What happens with my data when those effects occur ?
E1
Performance
Study Conclusion
Test Result SummaryPerformance
10GBASE-T is very noise sensitive
ANEXT
• Self disturbanceVery sensitive signal to noise ratio
Performance
Noise Immunity = Better PerformancePerformance
Conclusion: STP is betterPerformance
For more Details: www.UTP-vs-STP.com
UTP vs. STP
Independent Study
Mythbusting
What is Mythbusting ?
• Although there are several evidences showing
the superiority of STP systems, there are still a
lot of concerns in the market place
• These concerns mainly exist because of
– the “fear-making” arguments (myths; fairy tales)
spread by UTP suppliers
– the lack of knowledge
• Let’s have a look …
Mythbusting
The Fairy Tales
• STP systems act like an antenna and radiate
• STP system need to be grounded on both sides
• STP requires more complex earthing and bonding
• STP systems have ground loops and current on the screen
• STP has a lot of installation disadvantages
(speed/space/screen)
Mythbusting
Antenna
Effect
Radiation
Antenna effect
• The Myth:A shielded system radiates electromagnetic waves,
especially when it is grounded on one side only
Mythbusting
EN 55022 / FCC part 15 - Radiation
• The Truth: STP radiates less than UTP
Mythbusting
• The Truth: Grounding on one or both side has
no effect on radiation of a STP system
One side
Mythbusting EN 55022 / FCC part 15 - Radiation
Two sides
• General radiation of the cabling systems
• The U/UTP systems have the biggest radiation
• One reason for ANEXT issues
EN 55022 / FCC part 15 - RadiationMythbusting
The Fairy Tales
• STP systems act like an antenna and radiate
• STP system need to be grounded on both sides
• STP requires more complex earthing and bonding
• STP systems have ground loops and current on the screen
• STP has a lot of installation disadvantages
(speed/space/screen)
Mythbusting
STP requires
earthing/grounding
on both sides
Grounding on both sides
• The Myth: A shielded system must be grounded on both sides
to achieve a good EMC performance
Mythbusting
Electromagnetic field
Burst impulse
Conducted electromagnetic field
Grounding on both sides
• The Truth: EMC testing according the MICE definitions
did not show any improvement when grounded on both sides
Mythbusting
E1/E2
E3
The Fairy Tales
• STP systems act like an antenna and radiate
• STP system need to be grounded on both sides
• STP requires more complex earthing and bonding
• STP systems have ground loops and current on the screen
• STP has a lot of installation disadvantages
(speed/space/screen)
Mythbusting
Earthing Systems
and
Ground Loops
Earthing
• The Myth: STP System require complex earthing
systems
Mythbusting
Earthing
• The Truth: The standards specify the mandatory use
of the TN-S distribution system.
Independant from UTP or STP !!!
Mythbusting
Grounding is for personal safety
Ground Loops
• The Myth: Current on the Screen due to
improper earthing lead to
malfunction of STP systems
Mythbusting
Ground Loop
• The Truth: 1. TN-S with a good meshed earthing
system does not lead to screen current
2. Furthermore, current on the screen does
not effect data transmission
• Induced current on the
screen according MICE
• No influence on data traffic
while current on the screen
System 03 System 04 System 05
1 GB/s 0,46 A 1,74 A 2,30 A
Mixed 0,48 A 1,90 A 2,40 A
10 GB/s 0,45 A 2,00 A 2,60 A
System 03 System 04 System 05
1 GB/s ���� � �
Mix � � �
10 GB/s � � �
Mythbusting
The Fairy Tales
• STP systems act like an antenna and radiate
• STP system need to be grounded on both sides
• STP requires more complex earthing and bonding
• STP systems have ground loops and current on the screen
• STP has a lot of installation disadvantages
(speed/space/screen)
Mythbusting
Installation
Disadvantages
Installation
• Myths: 1. Slow Installation
2. Much more space required at TO
3. Screen Maintenance required
Mythbusting
• The Truth: STP is quick & easy & small
5
7
9
mm
Installation
Cat. 6A STP cable is smaller thanCat. 6A UTP cable. The smallerthe cable the less spcae is required
UTP STP
Including Screen Contact
Mythbusting
The Fairy Tales
• STP systems act like an antenna and radiate
• STP system need to be grounded on both sides
• STP requires more complex earthing and bonding
• STP systems have ground loops and current on the screen
• STP has a lot of installation disadvantages
(speed/space/screen)
Mythbusting
Conclusion
UTP vs. STP
• This independent 3rd party study clearly shows
– The EMC parameters like ANEXT and coupling attenuation
dominate the cabling channel performance for 10Gb/s
Ethernet Class EA channels
– All arguments against STP come from UTP suppliers and are
not at all based on technical research. There is no
independent 3rd party test from UTP suppliers confirming
their messages
• STP is proven to be better for 10Gb/s and more
Conclusion
Questions ?
Introduction
Performance Mythbusting
Conclusion
UTP vs. STPThe future is shielded