Enero 2007 - Issue 30 - 4.10APRENDE CON LOS PROFESIONALES DEL INGLS

w w w. v a u s y s . c o m

2indexis published monthly and is a Vaughan Systems publication. All rights reserved.

Publisher: Richard Vaughan

Editor in chief: Richard Brown

Co-Editor in chief: David Waddell

Art Editor: Rubn Palomero

English Edition: Greg Stanford

Spanish Edition: Susana Vico

Design TeamJuan Ignacio Fernndez Pen

Annie Casasus

IllustratorIvan Morgan

Contributing Editor: Cloverdale

Subscriptions: suscripciones@vausys.com

Cover Photograph:Jaime Villanueva

At The Vaughan Review, we welcome your inputand work hard to provide the most interesting for-mats and approaches to improving your English. It isour hope that you will find The Vaughan Review arefreshing corner for learning and reviewing theEnglish language. To correct an error or share yourthoughts, please contact the editor in our news-room.

Newsroom/ Redaccin:Edificio Masters 1

Av. General Pern, 38 - 2 Planta in Madrid.Telephone/Telfono:

91 748 59 50

E-mail/Correo electrnico:rbrown@vausys.com

Printed by/Imprime:Grupo Aries

Depsito legal: M-46.801-2002

ISSN: 1695-4424

Lugar y fecha de impresin:Madrid, el 1 de enero de 2007

THE VAUGHAN REVIEW

Editorial: (Clear & Simple)

Los Vzquez (... en California)

Had Better (i y ii)

Cloverdales Characters (Ins Garca)

Happen To / Qu pasa?

Adjectives (colours with ish)

Creepy Corner (I think in)

Business Letter 24

Negotiation (List 5)

Expressions with (Clear)

Phrasal Verbs (Clear up)

El Gimnasio (Clear profit - Clearance sale - clear a cheque - clear goods)

Elision Fields (Cuaida-Loda)

Something to chew over

Mastering the Interrogative

Spick and Span

Sudoku Ingls (Outer Space)

Translation (List 11 y 12)

Enero 2007

VaughanS Y S T E M S

03

05

06-07

09

10-11

12

13

14

16

17

18-19

20

21

22-24

26

27

28-29

30-31

CLAVE DE ACCESO: 922english922

www.vaughanreview.com

www.vaughanreview.com

3editorial

On the first of January last year Imade the following resolution: bythe beginning of the year 2007 wewould revamp the Vaughan Review making itan altogether more attractive learning tool.Of course, I can tell you this because, as youcan clearly see, I have kept my word andachieved my goal.

The Vaughan Review started out life as yetanother brainchild (buena idea) of ourfounder and President Richard Vaughan. It

was conceived as a magazine written byteachers expert at presenting the ins andouts (todos los matices) of the Englishlanguage specifically for the Spanish student.The only thing that mattered to us (lo nicoque nos importaba) was the didactic qualityof our lessons. Hence (de ah) the ratherrudimentary layout (maquetacin) that any ofyou who have already read previous editionsof this magazine will be familiar with.

We soon realised, of course, that pedagogicalexcellence is not enough on its own. Thedidactic effectiveness of our lessons wouldincrease considerably if we made the layoutmore attractive. This is exactly what we have

done and I do hope you appreciate thedifference. Clarity was our main aim(objetivo) and so it seems appropriate thatclarity should be the main theme word in this months edition as you will see on pages 17,18, 19 and 20.

The content itself hasnt changed that muchalthough we have decided to change ourapproach (enfoque) to phrasal verbs. Insteadof overloading (desbordar) you with ninedifferent phrasal verbs, we are just going to

concentrate on two, thereby (por lo tanto)giving you a ready-made new yearsresolution for 2007: by the end of this yearyou will learn and absorb 24 phrasal verbs,ensuring that each one forms part of youractive English!

One new feature is a comic strip which, apartfrom making you laugh, will hopefully helpyou to learn and not make the same mistakeas our friends the Vazquezs.

What about the cover? Yes, it is me. Dontworry, I havent suddenly become all vain.Over the coming months we will be featuring(figurar) employees from Vaughan Systems

showing just how diverse we are as acompany in terms of where our people arefrom. I am merely the first and representEngland, as (ya que) this is a special Englishedition. This means that if you go to ourwebsite www.vaughanreview.com and enterthe code 922english922 you will be able tolisten to the entire magazine read by differentpeople coming from different parts ofEngland with their respective accents. Thetype of accent is clearly indicated at the topof each page where youll find a map.

I would like to thank everyone on theVaughan Review team Rubn, David, Nacho,Annie, Susana, Ivan, Greg, Cloverdale andConcha for all their hard work in makingthe idea of a new-look magazine a reality.

That leaves me with only two further thingsto say. Firstly, I hope you find the new-lookmagazine useful in your ongoing endeavourto learn English, and secondly, I wish you avery happy and successful 2007.

Richard Brown

New-Look Vaughan Review

Clear & Simple

5Atencin!!! cuidadito, no te vaya a pasar a ti como a Manu: No confundas estas dos palabras que, como ya sabes, no tienen nada que ver.Muscle (msculo) y Mussel (mejilln). Aunque escritas son totalmente diferentes, en ingls se pronuncian exactamente igual. Ya sabes,recuerda, msculo y mejilln son homnimos. Hasta el prximo mes!

Los Vzquez

...en Californiaby Ivan Morgan & Rubn Palomero

On this occasion, the Vazquzs have decided tocheck out California with its beautiful scenery,its beautiful beaches and its beautiful

Eager to start, the Vazquezs head for the beach

Dnde est el abuelo?

I really likemuscle men!

Hi! Am I whatyoure lookingfor?

Wait! Dontgo! I can be acrab if you like

6Aqu vemos como expresamos ms vale que Como se trata de un aviso muyfuerte, rozando el enfado, lo reflejamos con el debido tono de voz. La estructura siempre es la misma: sujeto + had + better + verbo bsico.

Tambin se puede usar en negativo donde tampoco vara la estructura:sujeto + had + better + not + verbo bsico.

ms vale queMs vale que dejes de ver a esa chica!

Ms vale que mires por dnde vas la prxima vez!

Ms vale que tenga una buena excusa!

Ms vale que me avisen si cambian de opinin!

Ms vale que ella me diga dnde est el tesoro!

You had better stop seeing that girl!

You had better look where youre going next time!

She had better have a good excuse!

They had better let me know if they change theirmind!

She had better tell me where the treasure is!

Ms vale que no vuelvas a decir eso!

Ms vale que no llegue tarde!

Ms vale que no nos defrauden!

Ms vale que no perdamos el contrato por l!

Ms vale que no pierdas los estribos!

You had better not say that again!

She had better not be late!

They had better not let us down!

We had better not lose the contract because of him!

You had better not lose your temper!

Had better (i)

7En realidad, en ambos usos de la expresin, a la hora de hablar casi siempre empleamos la contraccin.Es decir, I had se convierte en Id.

A continuacin propongo unos ejemplos. Luego recomiendo repasar las dos pginas usando la contraccin.

Bueno, debera irme.

Bueno, debera irme.

Deberamos irnos.

Debera irme.

Deberamos irnos.

Well, I had better be off.

Well, I had better be going.

We had better be leaving.

I had better be making a move.

We had better be heading off.

Debera irme.

Ms vale que se acuerde de lo que tiene que decir.

Ms vale que se pongan el cinturn de seguridad!

Debera irme.

Ms vale que no vuelvas a hacer eso!

Id better be moving.

Shed better remember what she has to say.

Theyd better fasten their seatbelts.

Id better hit the road.

Youd better not do that again.

La misma expresin se emplea cuando queremos anunciar nuestra marcha inminente. Obviamente en este contexto el tono de voz es mucho ms suave ya que se trata de unafrmula muy educada.Fjate en el nmero de formas diferentes que tenemos de despedirnos en ingls.

debera

Had better (ii)

Ins Garca has had a difficult day today. Shesattended two meetings with her colleagues inthe law firm, shes gone to the courthousetwice to defend two different labor cases, andshes given a lecture on labor law to first-yearlaw students at the University of Seville.

Shes had to do all these things in a period of8 hours. Because of this, she hasnt had time todo three other things that need her attention.She hasnt had time today to buy a birthdaypresent for her boyfriend, whose birthday isthe day after tomorrow. She hasnt had timeeither to make an appointment with thedentist to repair a crown that brokeyesterday. Finally, she hasnt had time to do themost important thing, which is to talk toFranois Monet, the young man from Pariswhom she met in the car accident two weeksago. He left a message on her mobile phonethis morning while she was in one of themeetings in the law firm.

Shes tried three times today to call him, buthis line has been busy all day. Shes spoken tohim twice since the accident and hes invitedher to Paris. She spent three days in Paris withher parents when she was 11 years old, butsince then, she hasnt had the opportunity togo back. Shes been thinking a lot aboutFranois in the last two weeks and shes madethe decision to start learning French. Shehasnt told her boyfriend anything yet.

9

CloverdalesC H A R A C T E R S

Ins Garca

1. Has Ins had an easy day today?2. What kind of day has she had?3. Has she attended three meetings today?4. How many meetings has she attended?5. Has she gone to the courthouse today?6. How many times has she gone there?7. How many different cases has she

defended today?8. What kind of cases has she defended?9. What else has she done today?

10. In how much time has she done all these things?

11.How many things hasnt she had time to do?12. What hasnt she done yet concerning her

boyfriend?

13. Whens his birthday?14. What hasnt she done concerning her

dentist?15. Does she need to go to the dentist?16. Why does she need to go to the dentist?17. Whats the most important thing she

hasnt done?18. Who is Franois Monet?19. When was the car accident?20. What did Franois leave on Ins mobile

phone?21. Why didnt Ins answer her phone when

he called?22. How many times has she tried to return

the call?

23. Why hasnt she been able to talk to him?24. How long has his line been busy?25. Has she spoken to him since the accident?26. How many times has she spoken to him?27. Has he invited her to Paris?28. Has Ins ever been to Paris?29. When did she go to Paris?30. How many days did she spend there?31. How many times has she gone back since

then?32. Who has Ins been thinking about lately?33. What decision has she made?34. Who hasnt she told about Franois?

Consigue el libro enwww.vaughantienda.com

10

Una estructura verbal preciosa que, de momento, slo est de moda entre los angloparlantes nativos. Cambiemos las cosas! Significa da la casualidad de que o por casualidad.

Tambin es una forma muy educada y bastante comn de preguntar o pedir algo.

Por

casualidad

Di la casualidad de que estaba en el aeropuerto cuando el Rey lleg.

Por casualidad, l me dio una informacin muy til.

Da la casualidad de que tienen un precioso Rolls Royceque podras alquilar.

Por casualidad s que ella le va a dejar.

Da la casualidad de que ella no est de acuerdo contigo.

I happened to be at the airport when the King arrived.

He happened to give me some very useful information.

They happen to have a very nice Rolls Royce youcould hire.

I happen to know that shes going to leave him.

She happens to disagree with you.

No sabr por casualidad qu hora es?

Por casualidad no tendr fuego?

Por casualidad no hablars italiano ?

Perdn, no sabr por casualidad dnde est laestacin?

No tendr cinco minutos por casualidad?

You wouldnt happen to know what time it is,would you?

You wouldnt happen to have a light, would you?

You wouldnt happen to speak Italian, would you?

Excuse me; you wouldnt happen to know wherethe station is, would you?

You wouldnt happen to have five minutes, wouldyou?

Happen to do

11

Cuando hacemos esta pregunta con el significado de Qu tal? existen varias posibilidades en ingls. Curiosamente ninguna corresponde con la traduccin ms literal.Whats happening? significa Qu est pasando? o Qu vamos a hacer? cuando uno se une a un grupo de personas.

Cuando algo le pasa a alguien decimos something happens to someone. Es muy importante recordar que raramente empleamos el verbo modal do / did con el verbo happen a lahora de hacer preguntas. Por qu? Porque desconocemos el sujeto del verbo: precisamente por eso hacemos la pregunta.

Qu pasa?

Qu pasa?

Qu pasa?

Qu pasa?

Qu pasa?

Qu pasa?

Whats up?

How are you?

Whats shaking?

Whats new?

Hows tricks?(Gramaticalmente incorrecto pero de uso muy comn.)

Qu est pasando?

Qu ocurri?

Qu le pas a l?

Qu les pasar a ellos?

Qu le est pasando al pas?

Whats happening?

What happened?

What happened to him?

What will happen to them?

Whats happening to the country?

Qu pasa?

12

Aadiendo ish a un color aportamos el matiz de aproximacin tirando a... Esto nos permite expresar una gama ms amplia de matices.

AzuladoBluish He wore a bluish shirt.(Llev puesta una camisa azulada.) Blu-ish

VerdosoGreenish Part of the wall had turned a greenish colour.(Parte de la pared se haba puesto de un color verdoso.)

Griin-ish

AmarillentoYellowish She had yellowish teeth through smoking so much.(Tena los dientes amarillentos por fumar tanto.) Hielo-uish

RojizoReddish The ball left a reddish mark where it had hit him.(La pelota le dej una marca rojiza donde le haba dado.) Re-dish

GrisceoGreyish The sky turned greyish.(El cielo se puso grisceo.) Grei-ish

Verde azuladoBluish green My wife has bluish green eyes.(Mi mujer tiene los ojos verdes azulados.) Blu-ish griin

Azul verdosoGreenish blue My boss was wearing a greenish blue tie.(Mi jefe llevaba puesta una corbata azul verdosa.) Griin-ish blu

Verde amarillentoYellowish green They chose a pair of horrible yellowish green curtains.(Eligieron unas cortinas verdes amarillentas horrorosas.) Hielo-uish griin

Marrn rojizoReddish brown In autumn the leaves turn a lovely reddish brown.(En otoo las hojas de los rboles cambian a un precioso marrn rojizo.) Red-ish braun

ParduscoBrownish grey I would describe his hair as brownish grey.(Describira su cabello como gris pardusco.) Braun-ish grei

AdjectivesCOLOURS WITH -ISH

13

El Terrible... think in...

Pensar en se traduce casi siempre como to think about.Una excepcin es pensar en un idioma: I think in Spanish.

Pinsalo bien (think about it hard), y nunca volvers a cometer este error.

Creepy Corner

Estoy pensando en ir.

Ests pensando en lo que dije?

Mucha gente no piensa en los dems.

Me gustara saber en lo que estn pensando.

Piensa en el trabajo todo el tiempo.

Im thinking in about going.

Are you thinking in about what I said?

Many people dont think in about others.

Id like to know what theyre thinking in about.

He thinks in about work all the time.

Sabes en quin estoy pensando?

Pensamos mucho en ti cuando estuvimos all.

No poda dejar de pensar en la comida.

Piensa en los dems por una vez.

Nunca piensas en las consecuencias?

Do you know who Im thinking in about?

We thought in about you a lot while we were there.

I couldnt stop thinking in about lunch.

Think in about others for once.

Dont you ever think in about the consequences?

La pgina de los

errores mscomunes y ms

horribles

14

Estimado Henry,

Te escribo con respecto a nuestro prxima joint venture con el finde ir limando los puntos en desacuerdo que quedan. Como dijimosel otro da, es mejor asegurar que ambas partes estn conformescon el acuerdo al 100% antes de comenzar con la colaboracin.

Hay dos cosas en el borrador del contrato que nos gustara modi-ficar. En primer lugar, creemos que el porcentaje de beneficios esti-pulado para el tercero es un poco elevado y nos gustara reducirloal 10%. Aunque est claro que su aportacin es clave para el xitode todo el proyecto, creo no obstante que estamos siendo excesi-vamente generosos dndoles el 12%.

En segundo lugar, me gustara sugerir que la primera tirada se limi-te a 80.000 copias para cubrirnos las espaldas y para minimizar elriesgo. Podremos revisar la situacin tras dos meses de produccin.

Confo en que no tengis problema con estas modificaciones, indi-cadas en rojo en el contrato por nuestro abogado, y espero quepodamos firmar a principios de la semana que viene.

Un abrazo,

Dear Henry,

Im writing vis-a-vis our forthcoming joint venture in order to ironout the remaining points of contention. As we discussed theother day, its best to ensure that both parties are 100% happywith the agreement before getting started.

There are two things on the draft contract we would like to modify.Firstly, we feel the percentage of profits stipulated for the thirdparty is a little high and we would like to reduce it to 10%.Although their contribution is clearly key to the success of thewhole operation, I feel we are nevertheless being overly generousby giving them 12%.

Secondly, I would like to suggest the first print-run be kept to80,000 copies to cover our backs and keep risk to a minimum.We can reassess the situation two months into production.

I trust you see no problem with these modifications, which ourlawyer has indicated in red in the contract, and hope to be able tosign early next week.

All the best,

to iron out

point of contention

100% happy

firstly

third party

10% / 12%

to keep risk to aminimum

I trust you

Un verbo compuesto proveniente de los quehaceres domsticos: to iron out wrinkles significa quitar arrugas con la plancha.

Aqu la palabra discussion (una discusin fuerte) no es apropiada. Contention simplemente indica que las dos partesno estn de acuerdo pero carece de animosidad.

Nunca decimos happy to the 100%. El porcentaje siempre precede al adjetivo que describe.

En primer lugar. La traduccin literal in the first place se suele utilizar cuando estamos a punto de lanzar con una serie dequejas.

No olvides la palabra party ya que third solo suena fatal.

Notars que no empleamos el artculo antes de un porcentaje. Slo se hace cuando el porcentaje sirve de adjetivo a 10% rise (una subida del 10%).

Una expresin ms comn que su sinnimo to minimise.

Observars que no empleamos la preposicin con este verbo en ingls.

Business Letter 24

16

Negotiation 1 L I S T 5

1. Se han roto las negociaciones. The negotiations broke down.

2. Cules son los factores de xito en una negociacin? What makes a successful negotiation?

3. Tenemos una negociacin importante esta tarde. We have an important negotiation this afternoon.

4. Negoci mucho durante la comida de trabajo. I did a lot of negotiating during the business lunch.

5. l est involucrado en muchas negociaciones internacionales. Hes involved in a lot of international negotiations.

6. l conocera el protocolo para una situacin as. He would know the protocol for a situation like that.

7. l es buen negociador. Hes a good negotiator.

8. l es bueno negociando. Hes good at negotiating.

9. Pienso en cada negociacin como un desafo. I think of every negotiation as a challenge.

10. Presenta tu oferta con claridad. Present your offer clearly.

11. Conseguiste captar el inters de la otra parte? Did you manage to capture the other partys interest?

12. Exprsate con conviccin. Express yourself with conviction.

13. l sabe convencer a la gente. He knows how to convince people.

14. Sabes leer el lenguaje no verbal? Do you know how to read body language?

15. O sea, eres muy observador? I mean, are you very observant?

16. No creo que la otra parte sea de fiar. I dont think the other side is trustworthy.

17. Tienen de verdad la intencin de firmar un acuerdo? Are they really planning to sign an agreement?

18. Cules piensas que son sus intenciones? What do you think their intentions are?

19. Es muy bueno rompiendo el hielo. Hes really good at breaking the ice.

20. Quiero crear un ambiente de confianza. I want to create an atmosphere of trust.

Consigue en

Vaughantienda

material especfico

para

profesionales

Ponte a prueba. Tapa la columna derecha con un papely traduce al ingls las frases en espaol.

Irs ganando en vocabulario y fluidez, a la vez queaumentes el nmero de repeticiones.

w w w. v a u g h a n t i e n d a . c o m

17

w i t h Expressions

I have a clear conscience.

Tengo la conciencia tranquila.

The Conservatives won by a clear majority.

Los Conservadores ganaron por amplia mayora.

It soon became clear that they were heading for disaster.

Pronto se hizo patente que iban camino al desastre.

F.C. Barcelona were clear favourites to win the title.

Los del Bara eran los favoritos con diferencia para ganar el ttulo.

Am I making myself clear?

Me explico?

She makes a clear 2,000 euros a month.

Ella gana 2.000 euros limpios al mes.

The traffic has usually cleared by ten.

Normalmente el trfico est despejado antes de las diez.

He cleared his throat and began.

l se aclar la garganta y comenz.

The suspect was cleared of all charges.

El sospechoso fue absuelto de todos los cargos.

His life mission was to clear his fathers name.

Su misin en la vida fue limpiar el nombre de su padre.CL

EA

R

...aprendiendo mil Phrasal Verbs, para luego no acordarte de ninguno. Nosotros te lo ponemos fcil. A partir de este mes, te presentaremos 2 verbos compuestos y juntos conseguiremos que los aprendas yque formen parte de tu ingls activo.

PHRASALVERB

18

No te estreses...

Whos going to cle

ar up

this mess?

Quin va a recoge

r este desorden?

Tims upstairs clearing up hisbedroom.Tim est arriba recogiendosu habitacin.

We shouldnt alwaysexpect someone else to clear up after us.No deberamos esperar siempre queotras personas recojan nuestrascosas.

I wish more people

would

clear upafter thei

r dogs.

Ojal mas gente r

ecogiera

los excrementos d

e sus perros.

Clear up your

desk! The boss will be

here in 5 minutes.

Ordena tu mesa de traba

jo. El

jefe estar aqu en 5

minutos.

I would have cleared up if Idknown you were busy.Yo habra recogido si hubiesesabido que estabas ocupado.To clear up

recoger, arreglar(un desorden)

19

We need to clear u

p this

misunderstanding as

soon as possible.

Necesitamos aclarar

este malentendido

lo antes posible.

Can you clearup this doubt Ihave?Puedes aclararme estaduda que tengo?

They have many doubts thatneed clearing up.Tienen muchas dudas que necesitan aclararse.

I want this issue

to be cleared up

by

tomorrow.

Quiero que este a

sunto

est aclarado ant

es de

maana.

We are very

close to clearing up

the case.

Estamos muy cerca de

resolver el caso.

The detectivefinally cleared upthe case.El detective finalmenteresolvi el caso.

Luckily, he cleared up all my doubts in no time.Afortunadamente aclar

todas mis dudas en un santiamn.

To clear upaclarar, resolver

(un asunto, malentendido, duda)

20

Clear profitbeneficio neto

Clearance saleliquidacin

To clear a chequecompensar/tramitar un cheque

To clear goods pasar mercanca por la aduana

El GimnasioCuatro expresiones relacionadas con el mundo de los negocios que contienen la palabra clear y

despus 16 preguntas para ponerte a prueba (to put you through your paces). Suerte!

Contesta afirmativamente a las siguientes preguntas con respuestas completas, tapando las respuestas correctas.

Did you make 5,000 clear profit on the sale?

Has the new product made a clear profit?

Does this line of products still make a clear profit?

Will we make a clear profit on the sale?

Was the clearance sale as successful as we anticipated?

Has the department stores clearance sale started yet?

Is the old stock selling well in the clearance sale?

Are we going to have a clearance sale at the end of the season?

Did the cheque they sent last month clear without any problems?

Has the cheque I signed yesterday been cleared yet?

Do their cheques normally clear within 3 working days?

Will the customers cheque clear in time to pay off the debts?

Did clearing goods through customs use to be more difficult?

Have they cleared the goods through customs yet?

Is there a quicker way of clearing goods through customs?

Will the authorities have cleared the goods through customs yet?

Yes, I made 5,000 clear profit on the sale.

Yes, the new product has made a clear profit.

Yes, this line of products still makes a clear profit.

Yes, well make a clear profit on the sale.

Yes, the clearance sale was as successful as we anticipated.

Yes, the department stores clearance sale has already started.

Yes, the old stock is selling well in the clearance sale.

Yes, were going to have a clearance sale at the end of the season.

Yes, the cheque they sent last month cleared without any problems.

Yes, the cheque you signed yesterday has already been cleared.

Yes, their cheques normally clear within 3 working days.

Yes, the customers cheque will clear in time to pay off the debts.

Yes, clearing goods through customs used to be more difficult.

Yes, they have already cleared the goods through customs.

Yes, theres a quicker way of clearing goods through customs.

Yes, the authorities will have already cleared the goods through customs.

Ahora tapa la columna de preguntas e intenta hacerlas t mismo/a. Vuelve a contestarlas, esta vez en negativo. Empieza de nuevo, con los tres ejercicios, hacindolos cada vez ms rpido.

Stock = Existencias

Elision Fields

21

CUAIDA-LODAYet another look at the way we slide one word into another creating new words which sound unintelligibleto a Spaniard. For example, when we say itsa we are actually using three words you know perfectly well -it + is + a. It is essential to learn these new words as it will help your understanding of the spokenlanguage enormously. Recognizing these contractions or, in some cases, elisions, represents the key toreaching a better understanding of English as spoken by native speakers. It is the key to English Paradise.Dont forget that the Elision Fields are right before the Elysian Fields.

Even though it might appear were talking about some rare species of reptile, we are, in fact, saying the words quitea lot of (bastante/s). You will also hear CUAIDA-BIDA quite a bit of (for uncountable nouns) and CUAIDA-FIU quitea few (for countable nouns); however CUAIDA-LODA is the most common as it can be used for both countable and uncountable nouns.Learning to recognize these contracted words will help your aural comprehension no ends (a ms no poder).

I know CUAIDA-LODA people here.I know quite a lot of people here.

Shes given me CUAIDA-LODA stick about it.Shes given me quite a lot of stick about it.

Ive eaten CUAIDA-LODA rice recently.Ive eaten quite a lot of rice recently.

You need CUAIDA-LODA experience for this post.You need quite a lot of experience for this post.

CUAIDA-LODA people saw him last night.Quite a lot of people saw him last night.

Ive still got CUAIDA-LODA water left, thanks.Ive still got quite a lot of water left, thanks.

They earn CUAIDA-LODA money in that company.They earn quite a lot of money in that company.

Conozco a bastante gente aqu.

Ella me ha dado bastante la tabarra sobre esto.

He comido bastante arroz ltimamente.

Necesitas bastante experiencia para este puesto.

Bastante gente le vio anoche.

Todava me queda bastante agua, gracias.

Ganan bastante dinero en aquella empresa.

The

La pgina que te ayuda con la comprensin

22

SomethingAlgo para pensar!

Abajo encontrars una serie de frases. Slo una es correcta en cada caso, bien sea por razones gramaticales, o por el contexto.Piensa la respuesta muy bien antes de contestar y piensa el porqu de la respuesta correcta y de las incorrectas. Como siempre, las respuestas vienen en la pgina 24 con sus correspondientes explicaciones.

11.aYou were quite right to mention it.

1.bYou were very right to mention it.

1.cYou were much right to mention it.

1.dYou were super right to mention it. 22.a I know her not much.

2.b I hardly know her.

2.c I know her very little.

2.d I dont know her very good.

33.a Dont disturb Tom; hes really concentrated.

3.b Dont disturb Tom; hes very concentrating.

3.c Dont disturb Tom; hes very concentrated.

3.d Dont disturb Tom; hes really concentrating. 44.a Everybody enjoyed the concert a lot.

4.b Everybody enjoyed very much the concert.

4.c Everybody enjoyed a lot the concert.

4.d Everybody enjoyed really much the concert.

55.a Thank you. Thats very kind on your part.

5.b Thank you. Thats awfully kind of you.

5.c Thank you. Thats very amiable on you.

5.d Thank you. Thats very pleasant of your part. 66.a I would agree with you, until a certain point.

6.b I would agree with you, reaching a certain point.

6.c I would agree with you, getting to a certain point.

6.d I would agree with you, up to a certain point.

77.a If Id know it was you, I wouldve answered the call.

7.b Had I known it was you, I wouldve answered the call.

7.c If Id known it was you, Id answered the call.

7.d If Id have known it was you, I wouldve answered the call. 88.a Did you remember to lock the front door?

8.b Did you remember locking the front door?

8.c Did you remember lock the front door?

8.d Did you remember locking of the front door?

to Chew Over

24

Answers to page 22

Aqu tienes las respuestas al reto que te propuse en la pgina 22.

La idea no es slo acertar, sino sacar provecho de las respuestas errneas que, en muchos casos, son errores tpicos.

1Antes de ciertos adjetivos, la palabra quite (normalmentebastante) significa completamente. Otros adjetivos, que puedenacompaar a quite, son sure, true, wrong, different, certain: Are you quite sure? (Ests completamente seguro?)

My idea is quite different. (Mi idea es completamente distinta.)El adverbio very no suele ser empleado con to be right. Otros adverbios que s se utilizan con right son:absolutely, totally,utterly, completely. Much nunca puede acompaar a un adjetivomientras que super suena a Espanglish total.

1 'A' 2 'B'

3 'D' 4 'A'

5 'B' 6 'D'

2La traduccin de la conozco muy bien es I know her very well.Sin embargo, la frase no la conozco muy bien o la conozco muypoco, slo tiene una posibilidad en ingls: I dont know her verywell. Puesto que esto no aparece, solamente la B (Apenas laconozco) vale.

3En ingls el adjetivo equivalente a concentrado (concentrated)no suele usarse para referirse a personas, sino para sustanciasqumicas o lquidos. Si queremos expresar la idea de una persona muy concentrada, normalmente utilizamos el verbo to concentrate. La B es incorrecta debido a que la palabra verynunca puede modificar un gerundio. El adverbio correcto es really.

4Una regla general que te vendr bien recordar es que en inglsel verbo y el objeto casi nunca vienen separados por otraspalabras. Por lo tanto, en este ejemplo, el verbo enjoy y el objetothe concert deben ir juntos, y punto.

5La A y la D son traducciones literales del espaol que no valen.La traduccin correcta de Muy amable por su parte es Thatsvery kind of you. Desafortunadamente, eso no aparece comoopcin. La palabra amiable (la C) no se usa mucho y ademsnunca con la preposicin on, lo cual nos deja slo la B. Algunosadverbios que parecen algo negativos pueden tener una funcinenftica y positiva (terribly, desperately, frightfully), aunque debestener en cuenta que suenan un poco posh.

6La palabra hasta en la expresin hasta cierto punto no setraduce en ingls con until (la A); en general utilizamos estapalabra con referencias a puntos de tiempo. Para hablar deperiodos de tiempo o cosas fsicas (o en este caso metafricas)empleamos la expresin up to.

7En la A falta la n al final de know para formar el participio per-fecto. En la C falta la palabra have en la segunda clusula antes deanswered. Y finalmente, en la D sobra la palabra have en la primeraclusula. La B es una variante vlida de la tercera condicional. Ex-presada de la manera ms comn sera: If Id known it was you, Iwouldve answered the call. 8

Recuerda que hay dos usos del verbo to remember. El primerotiene que ver con recordar algo por necesidad (acordarse) y elsegundo tiene que ver con conservar en la memoria. La estruc-tura gramatical del verbo to remember cambia segn cul de losdos usos pretendamos emplear. En el primer caso sera to remem-ber + to do something y en el segundo to remember + doing. La Bes tcnicamente correcta pero, por el contexto, suena algo absur-da. Es ms, casi nunca hacemos la pregunta con remember doingen el pasado. Se suele preguntar Do you remember doing?

8 'A'7 'B'

26

MasteringTHE INTERROGATIVE 1 9

Si eres de los que hacen este ejercicio todos los meses, estoy seguro de que ya ests sacando provecho de ello. El buen dominio de la interrogativa tendr resultados positivos en todos los aspectos de tu ingls.Como siempre, tapa la columna derecha e intenta formular la pregunta que provocara la respuesta (columna izquierda) y despus comprubalo.

No, I wouldnt mind if you smoked.

No, I wouldnt mind if he came with us.

No, I wouldnt mind if you started.

No, I wouldnt mind if you opened the window.

No, I wouldnt mind if you said something.

No, I wouldnt mind if you went to the loo.

No, I wouldnt mind if you spoke to him.

No, I wouldnt mind if you sold the car.

No, I wouldnt mind if you didnt go.

No, I wouldnt mind if they didnt come.

No, I wouldnt mind if you bought me a drink.

No, I wouldnt mind if you brought your wife.

No, I wouldnt mind if you didnt accept my offer.

No, I wouldnt mind if you wrote him a letter.

No, I wouldnt mind if you ordered another drink.

No, I wouldnt mind if you stopped asking me questions.

Would you mind if I smoked?

Would you mind if he came with us?

Would you mind if we started?

Would you mind if I opened the window?

Would you mind if I said something?

Would you mind if I went to the loo?

Would you mind if I spoke to him?

Would you mind if we sold the car?

Would you mind if I didnt go?

Would you mind if they didnt come?

Would you mind if I bought you a drink?

Would you mind if I brought my wife?

Would you mind if I didnt accept your offer?

Would you mind if I wrote him a letter?

Would you mind if I ordered another drink?

Would you mind if I stopped asking you questions?

27

Spick-and-Span(Limpio y Ordenado)

As this is the first month of our new-look Vaughan Review weve chosen a theme that represents the process weve been through with themagazine: Cleaning and Housework. Every once in a while we all have to don (ponernos) the rubber gloves and get scrubbing (frotar).

Enjuaga los platos bien, que no quede espuma.

No hace falta usar tanto detergente / lavavajillas; es concentrado.

Puedes secar los platos con este pao de cocina.

Hoy en da la mayora de la gente tiene un lavaplatos.

Qu marca de detergente usas?

Siempre usas suavizante?

Cuando llueve uso una secadora para secar la ropa.

Si es ropa delicada uso un tendedero desplegable.

Cuando el da est soleado, tiendo la ropa fuera.

Nuestra mesa es de un tipo de madera que necesita ceracon regularidad.

Siempre uso un plumero para quitar el polvo.

Ve a por el cubo y la fregona y limpia todo eso.

Barro el suelo con una escoba.

Despus de barrerlo, uso el recogedor para recoger el polvo.

Una aspiradora es fundamental para limpiar moquetas.

Necesitars una leja fuerte para quitar la mancha.

Rinse the dishes well, making sure there are no suds lefton them.

Theres no need to use so much washing up liquid; itsconcentrated.

You can dry the dishes with this dishcloth/tea towel.

Most people have a dishwasher nowadays.

Which brand of washing powder do you use?

Do you always use fabric softener?

When it rains, I use a tumble dryer to dry my clothes.

If its a delicate fabric I use a clothes horse.

When its sunny I hang out my washing to dry.

Our table is made of a type of wood that needs regularpolishing.

I always use a feather duster to do the dusting.

Go and get the mop and bucket and mop up that mess.

I sweep the floor with a broom.

After Ive swept it I use a dust pan to pick up the dust.

A vacuum cleaner is essential for cleaning carpets.

Youll need a strong bleach to get that stain off.

Limpiando la Casa Cleaning and Housework

Outer SpaceCometStarBlack HolePlanetThe Milky WayGalaxyMoonMeteorite

El Espacio SideralCometaEstrellaAgujero NegroPlanetaLa Va LcteaGalaxiaLunaMeteorito

Aunque contiene vocablos en vez denmeros, el SUDOKU INGLES fun-ciona igual que un Sudoku Numricotradicional. Jugamos con 9 palabras,que aparecen escritas tanto en inglscomo en espaol. A partir de las queya se dan, hay que rellenar la matrizde modo que cada fila, cada columnay cada caja de 3x3 contengan esas 9palabras, sea en ingls o en espaol. Elcolor de la casilla te indica el idiomaque debes utilizar: las cajas naranjaspara el espaol y las blancas para elingls. Se recomienda estudiar ymemorizar lo que significa cada pala-bra antes de empezar.

Consigue nuestrolibro de 50 Sudokus

www.vaughantienda.com91 444 58 44

Haz sudokus y aprende ingls!Escribe al creador del Sudoku Ingls Richard Brown para conseguir trucos y consejosde cmo jugar el Sudoku Ingls.O escrbenos y aporta tus propias sugerencias:Puedes proponer tus temas favoritos - ftbol, pases, animales...

Vaughan Tienda: Eduardo Dato, 2 Madrid - www.vaughantienda.com- tienda@vausys.com 91 444 58 44 rbrown@vausys.com

Pnte a prueba. Tapa la columna derecha con un papel y traduceal ingls las frases en espaol. Comprobars que tu nivel mejoraa medida que avanzas en la lista.

30

Translation L I S T 1 1

1. Mrale.

2. Bscales.

3. Cudales.

4. Si no recoges a Tom, yo le recoger.

5. Si no pruebas la ropa, la probar yo.

6. Si no te pones esa corbata, me la pondr yo.

7. Si tu no investigas la cuestin, yo la investigar.

8. Si tu no sacas la basura, yo la sacar.

9. Si tu no llamas a Jennifer, yo la llamar.

10. Si no recuperas la clase ahora, no podrs recuperarla.

11. Si no pones a Tom a prueba ahora, no podrs ponerle nunca.

12. Todo saldr bien.

13. Todo saldr bien.

14. Cmo sali todo?

15. No entres en el coche.

16. No salgas del coche.

17. No subas al autobs.

18. No bajes del autobs.

19. No entres en el ascensor.

20. No salgas del ascensor.

21. Hable ms alto, por favor.

22. Me quedar con un cachorro y regalar los otros.

23. Por favor no los regales.

24. Ojo! Cuidado!

25. Cuidado con ese coche!

1. Look at him.

2. Look for them.

3. Take care of them. (Look after them).

4. If you dont pick up Tom, Ill pick him up.

5. If you dont try on the clothes, Ill try them on.

6. If you dont put on that tie, Ill put it on.

7. If you dont look into the matter, Ill look into it.

8. If you dont take out the garbage, Ill take it out.

9. If you dont call up Jennifer, Ill call her up.

10. If you dont make up the class now, you wont be able to make it up.

11. If you dont try out Tom now, youll never be able to try him out.

12. Everything will turn out fine.

13. Everything will work out fine.

14. How did everything come out?

15. Dont get into the car.

16. Dont get out of the car.

17. Dont get on the bus.

18. Dont get off the bus.

19. Dont get on the elevator.

20. Dont get off the elevator.

21. Speak up please.

22. Ill keep one puppy and Ill give away the others.

23. Please dont give them away.

24. Look out! (Watch out!)

25. Look out for that car! (Watch out for that car!)

Phrasal Verbs (1)Translation booklet 7

Consigue tu

Translation

Booklet 7

w w w. v a u g h a n t i e n d a . c o m

31

Translation L I S T 1 2

1. Si no buscas la palabra en el diccionario, yo la buscar.

2. No mires atrs.

3. Un polica se me acerc.

4. Se me acerc andando.

5. Se me acerc corriendo.

6. Me acerqu al polica.

7. Le ped un cigarro.

8. Se lo ped educadamente.

9. El sac dos cigarros de su paquete.

10. Los sac con su mano izquierda.

11. Apag el cigarro que tena en la boca.

12. Lo apag con sus dedos.

13. Si no apagas el incendio, yo lo apagar.

14. Si no apagas la vela, yo la apagar.

15. Si no apagas la luz, yo la apagar.

16. Si no pones la luz, yo la pondr.

17. Si pones la radio, yo la apagar.

18. Si no subes el volumen, yo lo subir.

19. Si no bajas el volumen, yo lo bajar.

20. El profesor no se present para la clase.

21. Escchame.

22. Si no cancelas la reunin, yo la cancelar.

23. Qutate el abrigo. Qutatelo ahora.

24. Repasa el informe primero. Despus yo lo repasar.

25. Pasemos a la lista siguiente.

1. If you dont look up the word in the dictionary, Ill look it up.

2. Dont look back.

3. A policeman came up to me.

4. He walked up to me.

5. He ran up to me.

6. I went up to the policeman.

7. I asked him for a cigarette.

8. I asked him for it politely.

9. He took two cigarettes out of his pack.

10. He took them out with his left hand.

11. He put out the cigarette he had in his mouth.

12. He put it out with his fingers.

13. If you dont put out the fire, Ill put it out.

14. If you dont blow out the candle, Ill blow it out.

15. If you dont turn off the light, Ill turn it off. (switch off)

16. If you dont turn on the light, Ill turn it on. (switch on)

17. If you turn on the radio, Ill turn it off.

18. If you dont turn up the volume, Ill turn it up.

19. If you dont turn down the volume, Ill turn it down.

20. The teacher didnt show up for the class. (turn up)

21. Listen to me.

22. If you dont call off the meeting, Ill call it off.

23. Take off your coat. Take it off now.

24. Look over the report first. Then Ill look it over.

25. Lets go on to the next list.

Phrasal Verbs (2)Translation booklet 7