w3c - the world wide web consortium sam rola mitchell smith claire stewart may 30 th 2007 sam rola...
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W3C - The World Wide Web Consortium
W3C - The World Wide Web Consortium
Sam Rola
Mitchell Smith
Claire Stewart
May 30th 2007
Sam Rola
Mitchell Smith
Claire Stewart
May 30th 2007
W3CW3C
An international consortium, where organizations and the public work together to develop Web standards
Develops technologies to lead the Web to its full potential. W3C is a forum for
information commerce communication collective understanding
Published more than ninety such standards, called “W3C Recommendations”
Created by Tim Berners-Lee
An international consortium, where organizations and the public work together to develop Web standards
Develops technologies to lead the Web to its full potential. W3C is a forum for
information commerce communication collective understanding
Published more than ninety such standards, called “W3C Recommendations”
Created by Tim Berners-Lee
Tim Berners-LeeTim Berners-Lee
Worked at CERN: (physics lab) information sharing was hard within the lab
Wanted to make file sharing easier People liked the idea of Hypercard and
hyperlinks for other documents
Worked at CERN: (physics lab) information sharing was hard within the lab
Wanted to make file sharing easier People liked the idea of Hypercard and
hyperlinks for other documents
Developed HTML protocol for formatting, and HTTP for transferring data from one computer to another
Allowed computers to transfer information in a language most computers could understand
Wanted to keep it open Needed to prevent big company hijacking Needed coordinated standards for the Web, to develop for
the future
W3C was born, offices is France, US, Japan
Developed HTML protocol for formatting, and HTTP for transferring data from one computer to another
Allowed computers to transfer information in a language most computers could understand
Wanted to keep it open Needed to prevent big company hijacking Needed coordinated standards for the Web, to develop for
the future
W3C was born, offices is France, US, Japan
StandardsStandards
Different parties can abide by standards TCP/IP protocol
- rules computers must follow to communicate with each other; e.g.,
- TCP: Transmission Control Protocol - IP: Internet Protocol
- Microsoft tried to rewrite some of these protocols
- Rest of the world did not buy into the idea
Different parties can abide by standards TCP/IP protocol
- rules computers must follow to communicate with each other; e.g.,
- TCP: Transmission Control Protocol - IP: Internet Protocol
- Microsoft tried to rewrite some of these protocols
- Rest of the world did not buy into the idea
Membership in the W3CMembership in the W3C
Open to any organization or individual Best for businesses that have a significant stake in
the Web Requires application, agreement, and membership
dues: Annual fee depends on entity’s nation and revenues E.g., USA membership for entities with over
50,000,000 USD in annual revenue = $63,500; all other organizations = $6,350.
Size of company does not reflect amount of influence
Open to any organization or individual Best for businesses that have a significant stake in
the Web Requires application, agreement, and membership
dues: Annual fee depends on entity’s nation and revenues E.g., USA membership for entities with over
50,000,000 USD in annual revenue = $63,500; all other organizations = $6,350.
Size of company does not reflect amount of influence
Membership by CountryMembership by Country
Membership by SectorMembership by Sector
Why become a member of the W3C?
Why become a member of the W3C?
Influence technical standards Have a say in the future of the Web Introduce new ideas Track development of emerging technologies and
markets Implement standards ahead of the market Ensure that standards remain royalty free
Influence technical standards Have a say in the future of the Web Introduce new ideas Track development of emerging technologies and
markets Implement standards ahead of the market Ensure that standards remain royalty free
Standardization: the process of establishing a technical standard among competing entities in a
market, where this will bring benefits without hurting competition
Companies conform to Web standards instead of creating proprietary ones because they estimate
that everyone (including them) will benefit more.
How might this restrict new development?
Standardization: the process of establishing a technical standard among competing entities in a
market, where this will bring benefits without hurting competition
Companies conform to Web standards instead of creating proprietary ones because they estimate
that everyone (including them) will benefit more.
How might this restrict new development?
Benefits of Web StandardsBenefits of Web Standards
Interoperability Accessibility and browser compatibility Decreased development and maintenance
time Versatility Stability
Interoperability Accessibility and browser compatibility Decreased development and maintenance
time Versatility Stability
Other Standard Setting Organizations:
Other Standard Setting Organizations:
International Organization for Standards (ISO)
The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE = ‘I-triple-E’)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
International Organization for Standards (ISO)
The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE = ‘I-triple-E’)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Common Web Standards Common Web Standards
HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol HTML: HyperText Markup Language XML: Extensible Markup Language
DOM: Document Object Model XHTML: Extensible HyperText Markup Language CSS: Cascading Style Sheets
Where would we be without them?
HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol HTML: HyperText Markup Language XML: Extensible Markup Language
DOM: Document Object Model XHTML: Extensible HyperText Markup Language CSS: Cascading Style Sheets
Where would we be without them?
Validators
Markup Validator
Line Checker
CSS Validator
Markup
Markups are computer languages Most pages on the Web are written in computer
languages such as HTML As with all languages, these have grammar,
vocabulary, and syntax which should be followed
The process used to verify conformance is called validation, and the tool used is called a validator
Markup Validator
Markup validation is the process of checking a Web document against the grammar it claims to be using
It is a free tool which checks to make sure Web documents are written correctly
Similar to Microsoft Word's spell/grammar check
Why Validate
Web browsers will try to make an educated guess about what you probably meant
Problem is that different browsers, or even different versions of the same browser, will make different guesses
Or if your language is really bad the browser could produce a mangled mess or even crash
Validator ExampleValidator Example
http://validator.w3.org/ http://validator.w3.org/
Decision Making process
Consensus based If a consensus can not be reached then a
formal vote is used Organizations may formally object to a
decision, but it is not desirable Tim Berners-Lee can veto any decision