wake vortex x-band radar monitoring : paris-cdg airport 2008
TRANSCRIPT
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Wake Vortex X-band radar monitoring :Paris-CDG airport 2008 CampaignResults & PerspectivesThales Air systems, Strategy Technology & Innovation Dept.F. Barbaresco
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Short Summary of Wake Vortex Radar Campaigns
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Thales Air Systems Division3
USA :During 90’s different Radar trials have been made in US for wake vortex monitoring in clear Air with positive results for different bands.
EUROPE :UK, GEC-MARCONI (1992) : detection at Range R = 2.8 Km with an S-band Radar (3 GHz) (DX 04 Radar Campaign)France, CNRS/CRPE (1992): detection at Range R = 0.5 Km with an UHF-band Radar (961 MHz) (PROUST Radar campaign)
WAKE VORTEX RADAR CAMPAIGNS
DX04 S-band radarAN/MPS-39
C-band radar
Proust UHF Band Radar
Wake Vortex Reflectivity was flat as a function of frequency
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Thales Air Systems Division4
CLEAR AIR RADAR REFLECTIVITY OF WAKE VORTEXTests have revealed radar echoes in clear air.
Two mechanisms causing refractive index gradients are :Radial Pressure (and therefore density) gradient in a columnar vortex arisingfrom the rotational flow :
Adiabatic transport of atmospheric fluid within a descending oval surrounding a vortex pair :
Particulates were not involved (not f4 Rayleigh scattering) .The frequency dependence was not the Kolmogorov f1/3
The role of Engine Exhaust :RCS doesn’t change when the engine run at idle or full powerExhaust diameter yields a partial pressure of vapour and a contribution which is much smaller than that due to temperature.
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Operational Needs for Wake Vortex Monitoring
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Thales Air Systems Division6
WAKE VORTEX MONITORING IN CRITICAL AREASWake Vortex should be monitored In critical Areas (where
% of occurences is high) :Very Close to the Ground (0 to 400 ft)Glide Path Intercept (3000 to 4000 ft)
These Critical Areas should be monitored in All Weather conditions (Wet & Dry conditions, Fog, Rain,…)
FiguresFromNATS
VoluntaryReporting
Critical Area 1 :Very close to the Ground
Critical Area 2 :Glide Path Intercept
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Thales Air Systems Division7
Wake Vortex behaviours very close to the ground have very complex causes that could change abrutly (e.g. Wind Squall or Fall,…) : Need for Real Time Monitoring
Ground Effect :
Wind Shear :
Transport :
vortices
Secondary vortices
Wake Vortex Monitoring very close to the Ground
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THALES X-BAND RADAR TRIALS
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Thales Air Systems Division9
CHARACTERISTICS OF THALES X-BAND BOR-A550 RADAR
Main FiguresFrequency : X Band (9.6 GHz for ORLY Campaign)Minimal Range : 400 mMaximal Range : 40 Km (limited to 2 km for WV)Range Resolution : 40 mMechanical Tilt : +/- 24°Beam Width (elevation/azimut): 4°/2.7°Radial Velocity Range : +/- 26 m/sDoppler Resolution (& High Resolution) : 0.2 m/s
(0.04m/s)Mechanical Scan Rate : 8°/s (sur 45° pour ORLY)Peak transmit power: ClassifiedData Link : RS232 (x2), RS432 (x2), EthernetRecording System : All range cellsexternal link Ethernet 20 Gb/s
PRF = 3348 HzF=9.6 GHz
Vamb = λ.PRF/2Vamb = 52.31 m/s
(+/-26 m/s)
λ=c/F=3.125 cm
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Thales Air Systems Division10
Radar Sensor Campaigns funded by THALES2006 : Paris Orly Airport (Runway Monitoring)
From Mode S site (500 m from runway)Wake Vortex Monitoring during departuresWeather conditions : Winter (clear air, rain)
2007 : Paris Orly Airport (Glide Path Monitoring)From Thales Limours Testbed TowerWake Vortex Monitoring during arrivals (Glide PathIntercept)Weather Conditions : Autumn (highly turbulent atmosphere)
2008 : Paris CDG Airport (CSPR Monitoring)From Kbis Tower co-localized with Eurocontrol Lidar (2 μm Windtracer)Wake Vortex Monitoring during arrivals/departures on Closely Spaced Parallel runwaysWeather Conditions : Summer (very hot, rain)
Orly 2006
Orly 2007
CDG 2008
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Thales Air Systems Division11
X-band Radar Sensor for Safety Case & Operational UseWake Vortex Monitoring in All Weather Conditions (light
to heavy rain, fog, turbulent atmosphere,…)Operational Use to track Wake Vortex (transport, decay, rebound) in extreme weather conditions :
Wind burst (wind under Cb, turbulent atmosphere, wind shear…)No Wind (foggy weather,…)
Use for « Safety Case » by Data Collection :Risks Assessment according to extreme wind conditions and no longer on mean wind conditionsNeed for Wake Vortex Data in exhaustive cases of airport climatology (good/bad weather)
Fast Monitoring of very large volume (radar scanning) with high update rate (e.g. : 8°/s with mechanical scanning of BOR-A radar)Highly sensitivity of Radar : monitoring of Wake Vortex for « medium » (high % of A320) aircrafts and not only « heavy / super heavy » (requested for traffic mix of « very light jets »)
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Thales Air Systems Division12
LIDAR & RADAR WAKE VORTEX DOPPLER SIGNATURE
AngularRadar resolution
Doppler radarsignature
Doppler Lidarsignature
LIDAR WAKE VORTEX DETECTION
Post-processingNeeded for Wind
Inversion detection
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ORLY Airport Radar Campaign 2006
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Thales Air Systems Division14
Radar (& Lidar Wind Profiler) Site at Paris Orly Airport
WLS7 LidarWind Profiler
THALESBORA-550
Radar
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Thales Air Systems Division15
Wake Vortex Detection in All weather Conditions
No Rain
Minimum Temperature 8 °
Maximum Temperature 14 °
Rain Rate 0 mmWind Speed 22 km/hWind Direction : South
Rain
Minimum Temperature 9 °
Maximum Temperature 12 °
Rain Rate 1.19 mmWind Speed 20 km/h
Wind Direction South-East
RCS of Medium Aircraft Wake Vortex : 0.01 m2 S/N ≈ 15 dB (Range = 600 m)
NO RAIN RAIN
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Thales Air Systems Division16
WAKE VORTEX PROFILING : RADAR DOPPLER ANALYSIS
Speed Variance of Rain can measure
EDR & TKE(air turbulence)
Time (s)
0 m/s
+/-26 m/s
0 m/s
Tangential SpeedVersus Radius
SpiralGeometry
Cross-Wind Speed
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Thales Air Systems Division17
WAKE VORTEX PROFILING : WAKE VORTEX AGEPositive
Time/Dopplerslopes
ZeroTime/Doppler
slopes
NegativeTime/Doppler
slopesLow speedNegative
Time/Dopplerslopes
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Thales Air Systems Division18
Wake Vortex Detection in Clear Air at 7 Km
Recording conditions29th November '06
scanning modescan angle 45°scan rate 8°/slong transmit pulsedistance up to 7 kmwithout rain
Win
d
7000 m
45°
Line of sight
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Thales Air Systems Division19
Wake Vortex Circulation Computation
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Wake Vortex Doppler Frequencies Extraction(Pre-Processing : CFAR on Doppler axis)
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Thales Air Systems Division20
Advanced Processing Chain: 3 PatentsDoppler & Image Processing
For Wake VortexMonitoring & Profiling
(Thales Patent 3)Regularized Autoregressive
Burg Algorithm(Thales Patent 1)
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Wake Vortex Geometry
HR Autoregressive Doppler & EntropyImplemented in C language :
3 times faster than real time byuse of 4 Threads with Quadri-Core PC
CFAROn
frequency
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ORLY Airport / Limours Radar Campaign 2007
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Thales Air Systems Division22
Limours (site Thales) : September 2007
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Thales Air Systems Division23
Wake Vortex Monitoring In Glide Path Intercept
Vertical ScanningFrom Limours Tesbed
Tower (Orly Glide Path Intercept : Altitude 1500 m)
In Highly Turbulent Atmosphere !!
Wake VortexRollups Wake Vortex
Rollups
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CDG Airport Radar Campaign 2008
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Thales Air Systems Division25
Radar Sensor Deployment at CDG Airport
08L
08R
26L
26R
27L
27R
Horizontal Scanning
VerticalScanning
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Thales Air Systems Division26
Wake Vortex Detection based on Doppler Entropy Time
Range
26R Departure
West Configuration Procedure
Runway WV Detection : West Configuration Procedure
STARINGANTENNA
MODE
26L Arrival
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Thales Air Systems Division27
Wake Vortex transport by High cross-Wind
RangeCell n
RangeCell n-1
RangeCell n-2
RangeCell n-3
time
Range
Time
timeRC m
RC m-1
RC m-2
RC m-3
RC m-4
RC mRC m
RC m-5
RC m-6
STARINGANTENNA
MODE
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Thales Air Systems Division28
Wake Vortex transport by Cross-Wind
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Thales Air Systems Division29
Vortex Transport : Doppler AnalysisRNG 1 to 6 (6 x 40 m = 200 m)
rebound
Time
Range
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Thales Air Systems Division30
Vortex Transport : Doppler AnalysisRNG 3 and 4
Mature Vortex
Time
Range
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Thales Air Systems Division31
Vertical Scanning : East Configuration Procedure
Wake Vortex Roll-up(Arrival)
Image of High ResolutionDoppler Entropy
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Thales Air Systems Division32
Vertical Scanning : East Configuration Procedure
Image of High ResolutionDoppler Entropy
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Thales Air Systems Division33
Vertical Scanning : West configuration
Wake Vortex Roll-up(Departure)
Image of High ResolutionDoppler Entropy
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Thales Air Systems Division34
West Config. Procedure
WV Roll-ups Evolution : West Config. Procedure
Image of High ResolutionDoppler Entropy
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Thales Air Systems Division35
Wake Vortex Roll up
1rst Runway (Departure) 2nd Runway (Arrival)
Image of High ResolutionDoppler Entropy
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CDG Radar Campaign Data Exploitation
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Thales Air Systems Division37
Wake Vortex Position & Circulation (strength in m2/s) along runway
Position des vortex au cours du temps
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Numéro de balayage
Cas
e di
stan
ce
vortex 1 position
vortex 2 position
Circulation des vortex au cours du temps en m²/s
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
N uméro d e b a lay ag e
vo rtex1 circulatio nvo rtex2 circulatio n
5 s per scan (35 s)Position around 1500 m
Position des vortex au cours du temps
600
700800
9001000
11001200
1300
1 2 3 4 5 6
Numéro de balayage
Cas
e di
stan
ce
vortex 1 position
vortex 2 position
Circulation des vortex au cours du temps en m²/s
0
50
10 0
150
20 0
2 50
30 0
3 50
1 2 3 4 5 6
N uméro d e b a la ya g e
vo rtex1 circulat ionvo rtex2 circulat ion
5 s per scan (30 s)Position around 1000 m
With Cross-Wind Without Cross-Wind
WV roll-upsposition
WV roll-upsCirculation
WV roll-upsposition
WV roll-upsCirculation
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Thales Air Systems Division38
Occurrences of Wake Vortex Position versus Wind conditions
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Thales Air Systems Division39
Coordination with Eurocontrol & ADP
Debriefing meeting has been organized, 18th of July in Eurocontrol Bretigny, with persons in charge of Lidar exploitation to :
Present first exploitations of radar data recordsDefine File template (date, WV position, WV Circulation) to concatenate all results for benchmarking with Lidar
Debriefing meeting has been organized with ADP & DSNA , 25th of September, with G. Batistella, Guillaume Auquier & Jean Jezequel to:
Present first resultsThank ADP for their logistic support
First Excel File has been transmitted to Eurocontrol, the 7th of November & new results in DecemberExhaustive CDG Trials Exploitation is in progress :
Vertical Staring antenna & Vertical Scanning modeHorizontal Scanning
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CONCLUSION
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Thales Air Systems Division41
Thales Radar Trials SynthesisParis ORLY AIRPORT Campaign has proved that X-band ThalesBOR-A550 Radar can :
Detect Wake Vortex (RCS of 0.01 m2 on medium aircraft) :In all weather conditions (wet & dry at short range < 2 Km)In Staring & Scanning ModeIn real Time / Update Rate of 11 s on 90° scan sector
Localize Wake Vortexin range/azimuthWith resolution : 40 m x 1°
Characterize Wake Vortex by :Geometry (Spiral)Age (Young, mature, old, decaying)Strength : Circulation (m2/s)
Characterize ambient air (in Rain Conditions)Wind (based on Doppler & post-processing)Ambient Air Turbulence (EDR & TKE)
X-BAND BOR-A550 RADAR IS AVAILABLE & CAN BE DEPLOYED, AS SOON AS 2009, ON LARGE EUROPEAN AIRPORTS
(Paris CDG, London Heathrow, Francfort, …) for SESAR studies
Medium AircraftWake Vortex RCS
0.01 m2
(e.g. : Airbus A320)
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Thales Air Systems Division42
WV Predictor
Main Objective : Ground wake detection, tracking & alert
WIMS(in TMA)
Data Broadcast
Data Broadcast
Pilot
WV Alarm
Approach & TowerController
WV controller HMI
Ground RadarHorizontal/Vertical scanning
of Runways
Ground RadarVertical scanning
of Glide Path Intercept
Data-Link(WV Alerts)
Limours trials 2007
Orly trials 2006 & CDG 2008
crosswind
crosswind
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Thales Air Systems Division43
Complementarities of Radar/Lidar Sensors
Radar & Lidar are complementary sensors in all weather operationsTHALES has proved by derisking campaign (Paris Orly/CDG) that X-band Radar & Lidar are complementary for Wake Vortex Monitoring :
US Campaign has proved (Westheimer Aiport Campaign) that X-band & Lidar are compementary for Wind Monitoring
Presented at Wakenet USA 2008
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Thales Air Systems Division44
Acknowledgements
ADP (Paris Airport) Radar Team (Orly)Jean-Paul LecorreJean-Marc ReceveauDaniel DuongGilbert Herbulot
DSNAAndré SimonettiAlfred HarterJean Jezequel
Direction des Aires Aéronautiques (ADP CDG) : Gérard BatistellaGuillaume Auquier
Eurocontrol « Wake Vortex » Team :Andrew HarveyAntoine Vidal (visit during Orly 2006 Radar Trials)Vincent Treve (visit during Orly 2007 & CDG 2008 Radar Trials)Jean-Pierre Nicolaon (visit during Orly 2007 Radar Trials)
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Thank you for your attention
Leonardo Da Vinci