Welcome to Istanbul and theWelcome to Istanbul and the

Masters Student SeminarMasters Student Seminar

Integrating Differences Toward Integrating Differences Toward Diversity via Sport ManagementDiversity via Sport Management

March L. Krotee, Ph.D.March L. Krotee, Ph.D.

Fulbright ProfessorFulbright Professor

North Carolina State UniversityNorth Carolina State University

Raleigh, North Carolina, USARaleigh, North Carolina, USA

Welcome and ThanksWelcome and ThanksIt is with great honor that I welcome It is with great honor that I welcome you to the 21you to the 21stst EASM Conference, EASM Conference, and especially to the Master Student and especially to the Master Student Seminar hosted by Marmara Seminar hosted by Marmara University.University.

The topic of diversity is important, The topic of diversity is important, timely, delicate, and something of timely, delicate, and something of which we, as future managers, which we, as future managers, should be aware in order to better should be aware in order to better navigate the global community.navigate the global community.

As the world moves firmly into the 3rd As the world moves firmly into the 3rd millennium, physical education and millennium, physical education and sport continue to occupy a place of sport continue to occupy a place of

major significance among the major significance among the cultures and nations of the world cultures and nations of the world

(Krotee, 2011). In the mid-1980's, (Krotee, 2011). In the mid-1980's, the United Nations consisted of 156 the United Nations consisted of 156 member nations – nine fewer than member nations – nine fewer than

that of the International Association of that of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF).Athletics Federations (IAAF).

Today, a quarter of a century Today, a quarter of a century later, the UN has 193 members later, the UN has 193 members while the Monaco-based IAAF while the Monaco-based IAAF boasts 212 members with 204 boasts 212 members with 204 represented at the Beijing and represented at the Beijing and

London Olympic Games. That is London Olympic Games. That is four more than Zurich-based four more than Zurich-based FIFA and nineteen more than FIFA and nineteen more than

today's UN (193). today's UN (193).

The global importance of physical The global importance of physical education and sport continues to education and sport continues to

hold true, notwithstanding the hold true, notwithstanding the enormous challenges and enormous challenges and

problems relating to natural problems relating to natural disaster, human tragedy, food, disaster, human tragedy, food, water, energy, health, housing,water, energy, health, housing, nutrition, education, pollution, nutrition, education, pollution,

poverty, conflict, and economics, poverty, conflict, and economics, just to mention a few.just to mention a few.

Lord Phillip Noel-Baker, British Lord Phillip Noel-Baker, British Olympic silver medalist (Antwerp, Olympic silver medalist (Antwerp,

1920) and 1959 Nobel Peace Prize 1920) and 1959 Nobel Peace Prize winner simply summed it up, winner simply summed it up,

"After a lifetime in world affairs, I have "After a lifetime in world affairs, I have found sport to be the most rich, the found sport to be the most rich, the

most noble. In a nuclear age, sport is most noble. In a nuclear age, sport is man's best hope."man's best hope."

(Krotee and Jeager,1986)(Krotee and Jeager,1986)

Definitions of ManagementDefinitions of Management The coordinated and integrated process The coordinated and integrated process

of utilizing an organization’s resources of utilizing an organization’s resources (e.g., human, financial, physical, (e.g., human, financial, physical, technical) to achieve specific objectives technical) to achieve specific objectives through the functions of planning, through the functions of planning, organizing, leading, controlling, and organizing, leading, controlling, and staffing.staffing. (DuBrin, 2003)(DuBrin, 2003)

Working with and through individuals Working with and through individuals and groups to effectively accomplish and groups to effectively accomplish organizational goals. organizational goals. (Hersey, Blanchard, (Hersey, Blanchard, & Johnson, 2001)& Johnson, 2001)

Definitions of ManagementDefinitions of Management Contemporary management implies an Contemporary management implies an

ongoing process by which managers ongoing process by which managers create, direct, maintain, operate, and create, direct, maintain, operate, and service purposive organizations through service purposive organizations through coordinated, cooperative human effort coordinated, cooperative human effort to ensure that organizational resources to ensure that organizational resources are appropriately used to attain high are appropriately used to attain high levels of performance and productivity.levels of performance and productivity.

Thus, management is recognized as a Thus, management is recognized as a fundamental integrating process fundamental integrating process designed to achieve organized, designed to achieve organized, purposeful, and meaningful results.purposeful, and meaningful results.

THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SPORT CONTINUUMAND SPORT CONTINUUM

Private andPrivate and University and University and RecreationalRecreational public sector public sector college varsity college varsity and community and community fitness and fitness and sports and sports and PlayPlay sport and spassport and spas sports clubs sports clubs sport clubs sport clubs

l______________I__________________I____________I_____ l______________I__________________I____________I_____ I I I I

Leisure pursuitLeisure pursuit Physical education Physical education Amateur and Amateur and Professional Professional andand and games and games and sport within and sport within Olympic sport Olympic sport performing sport performing sport

the school the school & dance (Includes & dance (Includes pseudosport pseudosport

e.g., professional e.g., professional wrestling) wrestling)

(Krotee and Bucher, 2012)(Krotee and Bucher, 2012)

Global Village of 100Global Village of 100(7.3 Billion)(7.3 Billion)

Gender:Gender: 50 Female50 Female 50 Male50 MaleRace:Race: 82 Non-White82 Non-White 18 White18 WhiteRegions:Regions: 60 Asians60 Asians 14 Africans14 Africans

13 Americas13 Americas 12 Europeans12 EuropeansReligions:Religions: 33 Christians33 Christians 22 Muslims22 Muslims

14 Hindu14 Hindu 12 Other12 OtherLanguage:Language: 12 Chinese 5 Spanish 5 English 12 Chinese 5 Spanish 5 English

3 Arabic 2 Russian3 Arabic 2 Russian 2 Portuguese 2 Portuguese 2 Japanese 2 Japanese 69 Other69 Other

Health:Health: 26 Smoke26 Smoke 14 Obese14 Obese 1 HIV 1 HIV50 Malnutrition50 Malnutrition 30 Unsafe Water30 Unsafe Water

Other:Other: 18 Cars18 Cars 33 Cell Phones33 Cell Phones 17 Cannot 17 Cannot ReadRead 17 In University17 In University 22 Computers 22 Computers 7 7 InternetInternet

DiversityDiversity

Understanding how to be responsive to a Understanding how to be responsive to a wide range of people unlike oneselfwide range of people unlike oneself

It covers a wide range of differences:It covers a wide range of differences:- RaceRace - Ethnicity- Ethnicity - Color- Color- GenderGender - Religion- Religion - Age - Age - DisabilityDisability - Class- Class - National Origin- National Origin- Native Language - Professional ExperienceNative Language - Professional Experience

Us vs. ThemUs vs. Them

EthnocentricismEthnocentricism

StereotypesStereotypes

DiscriminationDiscrimination

PrejudicePrejudice

Personal BiasPersonal Bias

AssumptionsAssumptions

HarassmentHarassment

Sport Management Sport Management InterconnectednessInterconnectedness

Politics HistoryEducation

National Military Preparedness Public

International Ottoman Civil Administration Private

Economics Geography

Fenerbahce East Meets West

$ Streams Community

Psychological Religion/Race

Attitudes Islam

Self Turkic-Altaic

E and P Media Human Development SocialMarketing/Cable/Net Family/Health/Ethics Interactions

SPORT MANAGEMENT

Qualities of ManagersQualities of Managers

TruthfulTruthful

HonestHonest

EthicalEthical

Has IntegrityHas Integrity

ResponsibleResponsible

AccountableAccountable

Developing SkillsDeveloping Skills

Individual Individual RelationshipsRelationships

Helping PeopleHelping People

Developing Developing Human PotentialHuman Potential

Understanding Understanding DifferencesDifferences

Decision-makingDecision-making

PositionsPositions

PromotionsPromotions

BenefitsBenefits

CommunicationCommunication

SelectionSelection

AdvancementAdvancement

ResponsibilityResponsibility

Soldier Field, Chicago

Masters Student SeminarMasters Student SeminarSub-ThemesSub-Themes

Mega Sports EventsMega Sports Events

Sport and Recreation in the Sport and Recreation in the CommunityCommunity

Sport and Social Responsibility Sport and Social Responsibility of Corporate Organizationsof Corporate Organizations

Sport for the DisadvantagedSport for the Disadvantaged

Sport Management Sport Management InterconnectednessInterconnectedness

Politics HistoryEducation

National Military Preparedness Public

International Ottoman Civil Administration Private

Economics Geography

Fenerbahce East Meets West

$ Streams Community

Psychological Religion/Race

Attitudes Islam

Self Turkic-Altaic

E and P Media Human Development SocialMarketing/Cable/Net Family/Health/Ethics Interactions

SPORT MANAGEMENT

Mega Sports EventsMega Sports EventsOlympic Games - IOC - Rio, 2016Olympic Games - IOC - Rio, 2016 – – ????????, 2020, 2020

- Sochi, 2014- Sochi, 2014World Cup – FIFA – Brazil, 2014World Cup – FIFA – Brazil, 2014

- Russia, 2018- Russia, 2018 - Qatar, 2022- Qatar, 2022

FIFA Women – Canada, 2015FIFA Women – Canada, 2015World Championships – IAAF – Usain Bolt World Championships – IAAF – Usain Bolt

in Moscowin MoscowUEFA Cup – WembleyUEFA Cup – WembleyUEFA Women – Sweden, 2013UEFA Women – Sweden, 2013Commonwealth Games – Glasgow, 2014Commonwealth Games – Glasgow, 2014Asian Games – Incheon, 2014Asian Games – Incheon, 2014

Other Events – Special / HallmarkOther Events – Special / Hallmark

Paralympic GamesParalympic Games

Special OlympicsSpecial Olympics

Senior GamesSenior Games

Super BowlSuper Bowl

Tour de ??Tour de ??

School of Mega Sports EventsSchool of Mega Sports Events

U-20s, U-21sU-20s, U-21s

Value of Hosting Mega Sports EventsValue of Hosting Mega Sports Events

National and Civic PrideNational and Civic PrideA Sign of Modernity – Welcome to the World!A Sign of Modernity – Welcome to the World!International Status and Image ShowcaseInternational Status and Image ShowcaseCreates Economic and Political OpportunityCreates Economic and Political OpportunityIncreases Government’s Domestic ImageIncreases Government’s Domestic ImageGeopolitical LeverageGeopolitical LeverageIncreased Media AttentionIncreased Media AttentionIncreased Economic and Infrastructure ImpactIncreased Economic and Infrastructure ImpactOptimism – Recognition – Community RevivalOptimism – Recognition – Community RevivalWorld Status and RecognitionWorld Status and RecognitionTourismTourism

Bad NewsBad NewsIncreased Media ScrutinyIncreased Media ScrutinyDamage ReputationsDamage ReputationsEmpowers Protests – Human Rights, Labor, Empowers Protests – Human Rights, Labor, GenderGenderCheating Cheating Vote FraudVote FraudDopingDopingFixing of GamesFixing of GamesCost Over-RunsCost Over-RunsBribes – Anyone want a new stadium?Bribes – Anyone want a new stadium?DisplacementDisplacementAwarding of Future GamesAwarding of Future GamesCostly – Human, Financial, Physical ResourcesCostly – Human, Financial, Physical Resources

Mega IssuesMega IssuesConstruction Debt – ResponsibilityConstruction Debt – Responsibility

Forecasting Economic Impact vs. OutcomesForecasting Economic Impact vs. Outcomes

Not a Panacea for Social and Economic Not a Panacea for Social and Economic ProblemsProblems

Censorship – Rights for the Rings?Censorship – Rights for the Rings?

SecuritySecurity

ExpenseExpense

OvercrowdingOvercrowding

Price InflationPrice Inflation

SustainabilitySustainability

Legacy OutcomesLegacy Outcomes

To Play in the GameTo Play in the Game

Urban PlanningUrban Planning

Infrastructure StrategyInfrastructure Strategy

Sustainability PlanSustainability Plan

Sound Impact and Cost AnalysisSound Impact and Cost Analysis

Support of Government, Community, Support of Government, Community, BusinessBusiness

The Need for VolunteersThe Need for Volunteers

Educational PlanEducational Plan

Cultural SensitivityCultural Sensitivity

Leadership and Financial SupportLeadership and Financial Support

Sport and Recreation in the Sport and Recreation in the CommunityCommunity

In Schools with Physical EducationIn Schools with Physical Education

After-School ProgramsAfter-School Programs

IntramuralsIntramurals

Community Sport TeamsCommunity Sport Teams

Sport ClubsSport Clubs

Fitness CentersFitness Centers

Health ClubsHealth Clubs

Country ClubsCountry ClubsTennis and Racquet ClubsTennis and Racquet Clubs (Continued)(Continued)

Sport and Recreation in the Sport and Recreation in the Community Community (Cont’d)(Cont’d)

Community CentersCommunity Centers

Public and Private Golf CoursesPublic and Private Golf Courses

Walking, Biking, Hiking, and Ski TrailsWalking, Biking, Hiking, and Ski Trails

Ski ResortsSki Resorts

Senior Centers and CommunitiesSenior Centers and Communities

University Varsity TeamsUniversity Varsity Teams

AAU - ODPAAU - ODP

Public and Private Spas Public and Private Spas

Sport and Recreation IssuesSport and Recreation IssuesFacilitiesFacilitiesHealthHealthNutritionNutritionOverweight/Obesity IssuesOverweight/Obesity IssuesSpecial PopulationsSpecial PopulationsCommunity ServiceCommunity ServiceResearchResearchGovernanceGovernance

Sport for Social Responsibility of Sport for Social Responsibility of Corporate OrganizationsCorporate Organizations

Sport and Physical Activity in Sport and Physical Activity in the Workplacethe Workplace

Workplace BenefitsWorkplace Benefits

Management PhilosophyManagement Philosophy

Corporate Social Corporate Social ResponsibilityResponsibility

Sport and Physical ActivitySport and Physical Activityin the Workplacein the Workplace

Many large companies base their Many large companies base their corporate culture on employee talent, corporate culture on employee talent, innovation, and social responsibility.innovation, and social responsibility.

Companies like IBM, SAS, and General Companies like IBM, SAS, and General Mills have a tradition of concern for the Mills have a tradition of concern for the health and well-being of their employees, health and well-being of their employees, retirees and their families. retirees and their families.

Many have also developed extensive Many have also developed extensive initiatives to address social issues and to initiatives to address social issues and to support selected community needs.support selected community needs.

Workplace BenefitsWorkplace BenefitsCampus Fitness CentersCampus Fitness CentersPlaying FieldsPlaying FieldsStructured Sports LeaguesStructured Sports LeaguesFitness CentersFitness CentersPersonal TrainingPersonal TrainingFitness Classes – Yoga, Pilates, etc.Fitness Classes – Yoga, Pilates, etc.Life-Style AssessmentLife-Style AssessmentBehavioral Change ClassesBehavioral Change ClassesSmoke-Free Rebate ProgramsSmoke-Free Rebate ProgramsFitness OutingsFitness OutingsCommunity Wellness EventsCommunity Wellness EventsReimbursement for Off-Campus Fitness Reimbursement for Off-Campus Fitness MembershipMembership

Management PhilosophyManagement Philosophy

Management believes that a Management believes that a healthy employee:healthy employee:– Is more productiveIs more productive– Has a lower absentee rateHas a lower absentee rate– Has a better quality of life at Has a better quality of life at

home and at workhome and at work– Is a lower health risk to the Is a lower health risk to the

companycompany

Corporate Social ResponsibilityCorporate Social Responsibility

Community Service ProjectsCommunity Service Projects

Sponsorships of Sport TeamsSponsorships of Sport Teams

Community EventsCommunity Events– 5-K Runs5-K Runs– Special OlympicsSpecial Olympics

Build FacilitiesBuild Facilities

Support Education and Sport Support Education and Sport Programs for ChildrenPrograms for Children

Sponsoring Teams, Players, FacilitiesSponsoring Teams, Players, Facilities

Support Training OpportunitiesSupport Training Opportunities

Closer to HomeCloser to Home

Hilton Hotel – U.S. Figure Skating – Detroit Hilton Hotel – U.S. Figure Skating – Detroit

Aussie Players Association – Binge DrinkingAussie Players Association – Binge Drinking

Bayer Leverkusen – DKMSBayer Leverkusen – DKMS

PGA – 2 Billion to CharityPGA – 2 Billion to Charity

Manchester United – AFB Credit Card – KenyaManchester United – AFB Credit Card – Kenya

Bwin – Marseille – On-Line BettingBwin – Marseille – On-Line Betting

Blu Ecigs – Indy CarBlu Ecigs – Indy Car

Bonnaroo – World Series of PokerBonnaroo – World Series of Poker

Sport for the DisadvantagedSport for the Disadvantaged

Sport for AllSport for All

Sport for Special PopulationsSport for Special Populations

Sport for the Economically Sport for the Economically DisadvantagedDisadvantaged

Global Sport InitiativesGlobal Sport Initiatives

Sport for AllSport for All

Equal Opportunity to ParticipateEqual Opportunity to Participate

Fair Distribution of ResourcesFair Distribution of Resources

Access to High-Quality Teachers and Access to High-Quality Teachers and CoachesCoaches

Shared Focus with High Performance Shared Focus with High Performance and Healthy Lifestyleand Healthy Lifestyle

Access to Better Models and Access to Better Models and Partnerships for Effective Delivery Partnerships for Effective Delivery and Sustainable Outcomesand Sustainable Outcomes

Sport for Special PopulationsSport for Special Populations

Access and Opportunity for the Access and Opportunity for the Disabled in the Least Restricted Disabled in the Least Restricted Environment (LRE)Environment (LRE)

Partnerships with Schools and Partnerships with Schools and Clubs – Clinics!Clubs – Clinics!

Special Olympics at all LevelsSpecial Olympics at all Levels

More Focus on the Graying More Focus on the Graying PopulationPopulation

Sport for the DisadvantagedSport for the Disadvantaged

Sport for All – No CostSport for All – No Cost

Education for All – No CostEducation for All – No Cost

Health Care for AllHealth Care for All

Summer Camp ActivitiesSummer Camp Activities

We have a lot of learning and We have a lot of learning and sharing to do in this arenasharing to do in this arena

Global Sport InitiativesGlobal Sport Initiatives

FoundationsFoundations

Partners of the AmericasPartners of the Americas

CorporationsCorporations

Government ProgramsGovernment Programs

UniversitiesUniversities

Clearly, we have great challenges Clearly, we have great challenges ahead of us to build a better and ahead of us to build a better and more inclusive global community. more inclusive global community. Each of us, in our own way, has a Each of us, in our own way, has a personal responsibility to do our personal responsibility to do our part to improve the health and part to improve the health and

well-being of all that we can. This well-being of all that we can. This is why we are here today – to is why we are here today – to

meet – to share – to understand – meet – to share – to understand – learn, and to do our best to pass learn, and to do our best to pass

on our experiences. on our experiences.

Thank you!Thank you!

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