What does Reconstruction mean in the context of the Civil War?

In your notes...

Official Reconstruction

read pages 184-189

Quiz on FridayHandwritten notes

HW

DUE Next Friday, November 7thWill work on in class!

The better your outline = the better your paper!

Research Paper Outline

● period in which the United States began to rebuild after the Civil War, lasting from 1865 to 1877

● An effort to repair the damage to the South and to restore the Southern states to the Union

Reconstruction

The State of the South

● 2/3 southern shipping● 9000 miles of railroads● 1/3 of all livestock● 100’s of miles of roads● Value of southern property declined by 70%● buildings, factories, bridges, etc. destroyed

Create a Reconstruction PlanYou should address all issues:● Economic (how are you going to help the economy)● Political (what to do to make sure they never rebel again)● Social (What to do with freed slaves and plantation owners)

Be ready to share your plan with the class!

Reconstruction Questions

● How was the South to be brought back into the Union?

● What kind of society would the postwar South be?

● What would be the fate of the newly freedmen?

*Lincoln’s PlanTo re-enter the Union, Southern Confederate statesmust:

● ratify the 13th Amendment (abolished slavery)● have @ least 10% of a states’ population take an oath to

support the Constitution & the Union● Pardon to all Confederates who took the oath● disband Confederate governments & form new ones; no

former Confederate leaders could be part of the new government

Freedmen’s Bureau

● established by Congress in 1865● food & medical aid, ensured fair wages,

established public schools, & created special courts to settle disputes between white & African-American workers

Lincoln’s Assassination

● shot by John Wilkes Booth in Ford’s Theater in Washington

● ended Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan

● Succeeded by Andrew Johnson

*Andrew Johnson’s PlansTo re-enter the Union, Southern Confederate states must:● Ratify the 13th amendment ● accept a Union appointed military governor, who would

hold complete power until a new state government was organized

● limited rights of all former military Confederate officers & all those who owned property worth $20,000 or more

*Andrew Johnson’s Plans● Public education for all

except the freedmen (newly freed slaves)

● Only whites allowed to vote & to participate in the framing of new southern state governments

Johnson’s Social Plans

● vetoed Congress’ decision to enlarge the Freedmen's Bureau and pass the Civil Rights Act of 1866○ would have prevented “Black Codes” or

discriminatory laws from developing

*Radical Republican Plan

● impeached Johnson for violating Tenure of Office Act○ he “illegally” removed his Sec. of War from office○ Senate did not convict (by 1 vote)

*Radical Republican PlanTo re-enter the Union, Southern Confederate states had to:1) ratify the 13th amendment2) ratify the 14th amendment (African-Americans given full citizenship rights)3) ratify the 15th amendment ( right to vote not based on race)

*Radical Republican Plan4) Freedmen could vote & run for public office5) South would be divided into 5 military districts led by a military commander-would remain this way until states met the above conditions6) (re-)Established the Freedmen’s Bureau: governmentorganization that would help newly freed slaves

“Sell Me Your Plan”

● in partners, you will make an advertisement for one of the three plans for Reconstruction

● include: ○ a catchy slogan○ why would this plan be the best choice?○ why are the other plans NOT a good choice?○ image(s)

Unofficial Reconstruction

● Conflicts in the Republican Party○ scalawags = white southerners who joined the

party, many small farmers○ carpetbaggers = Northerners who moves South

after the war○ African Americans = registered to vote for the first

time

Southern Politics

● Jim Crow Laws (Black Codes)○ enforced racial discrimination○ separate facilities

● Prevent voting○ grandfather clauses= only vote if your grandfather

could vote in 1867○ literacy tests and poll taxes

Southern Politics

Literacy Test

You have 10 minutes

What does this test have to do with knowing politics?

Lives of Former Slaves

● started own churches● new schools

○ ex. Howard University● held public office

○ remained the minority○ Hiram Revels = first black

Senator

Lives of Former Slaves

● sharecropping = forced many freed slaves to farm land in exchange for a small piece of land and a large percentage of the crops

● what is this similar to?

Lives of Former Slaves● Ku Klux Klan (KKK) = Southern

“vigilante” (takes the law into their own hand) group○ wanted to destroy the Republican

Party○ prevented people from exercising

their right to vote● should they be called vigilantes?

Collapse of Reconstruction

● support for Reconstruction weakened○ Panic of 1873= diffused attention to the South

● no Republican unity○ Southern Democrats gained control

● courts started to undo political and social changes

Reconstruction and Political Cartoons

● Purpose: ○ image that has a political point○ persuade and amuse you

● How to analyze the cartoon?○ SCAMS!

S = Subject (What is the topic of the cartoon?)

C = Caption (What is the title of the cartoon? What does it mean?)

A = Actions(What is happening in the cartoon? Look for movement, actions and dialogue. These provide clues to the message and what the symbols represent)

M = Message/ Theme(What is the author’s point of view? What is the theme of the cartoon? What is the purpose for making this cartoon?)

S = Symbols(What do the symbols in the cartoon represent?)

Reconstruction and Political Cartoons

For each of the images provided, do a SCAMS analysis.