WID

( )

11 12

WID( )

1.

1-1 .........................................................................................................11-2 .............................................................................................................21-3 .....................................................................................................................2

2. WID/

2-1 .......................................................................................................................32-2 WID/ ...................................................42-3 .................................................................................................4

3. WID/

3-1 ..............................................................................................................................63-2 .....................................................................................................................93-3 .................................................................................................................133-4 ....................................................15

4. WID/ ...............................................18

5. WID/ ..............................................................................................22

6. ...................................................................................................................................26

7. ...................................................................................................................................29

略語表

BPEP - Basic and Primary Education Planning

BPFA - Beijing Platform for Action

CSW - Commission of Status of Women

CBS - Central Bureau of Statistics

DDC - District Development Committee

GO - Government Organization

GDP - Gross Domestic Product

HIV - Human Immune Virus

ILO - International Labor Organization

MWSW - Ministry of Women and Social Welfare

MMR - Maternal Mortality Rate

MOA - Ministry of Agriculture

NGO - Non-Government Organization

NR - Nepali Rupees

NRB - Nepal Rastra Bank

NPC - National Planning Commission

PCRW - Production Credit for Rural Women

STD - Sexually Transmitted Diseases

UNIDO - United Nations Industrial Development Organization

UNICEF- United Nations Children Fund

VDC - Village Development Committee

WID - Women in Development

3

GDP 40

20 305,000 7,000 20

16

1992

1618 18 21 20

tilak

tilak

10

1963 Mulki Ain

4

35

Pewa

WID

1980-85 1992-97

1988 1993National

Planning Commission Children and Women Development SectionWID

WID WID

Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare

1995

WIDNGO WID

WID

TBA

5

1990

Women Farmers Development Division

38,000 22,000

1982 75 64

6

28 14 41

48 22

1950 70

1995 14 41 38 59

57 521997

1990 1996/9728 13.5

64150

1997 87 130 72 3530

23 46 9720 44

6-9 48 22 199153 35 1971

10-14 1991 49 7640 10

iii

iii iv

7

v) vi) viiiix x

1993 1015 1975 8.21985

1997 2322,000

46 392000

1990NGO40 USAID NGOWorld Education

WORD 30

1995(%) 28 14 41 97

1990-94(%) 109 87 130 97

1990-94(%) N.A. 23 46 97

10 1992 N.A. 270 N.A. HDR96

1994(%) 11 97

1975 1985 1991

458,516 20.0 1,812,098 30.0 2,884,274 37.2

174,143 17.3 254,354 25.0 378,478 31.5

67,214 16.9 242,467 23.0 395,330 28.7

N.A. N.A. N.A.

Ministry of Education and Culture

8

1975 1985 1993

1,706 8.21 5,469 10.29 10,206 16.00

700 8.80 1,217 9.71 1,485 13.00

355 10.50 795 8.59 938 10.00

Ministry of Education, Culture and Social Welfare, 1994

9

53 54

1980 92

1997

515 1991UNICEF

1500 1990 101600 18

5.2

15 101.8

961997

1991 101 100094

1971 91 20 6.3 5.11976 91 15

4.0 3.1

保健医療分野

10

1976 91 2.9 24.112.1 7.5

HIV/AIDS 1993 11 1881992 HIV

1997 HIV 24553 STD HIV

STDSTD HIV

STD

1995

21,900,000 % 20 25*

1980-95 % 2.6

% 16 61

16 % 49 62

55 63

1000 38 57

1000 12 1990 10 1500

1000 81 1990-96% 7

1000 114 5.2

% 63 *

1997 :Sheresta, 1997

11

Doctors

Nurses

Health Assistants + Auxiliary Health

Workers

Allied Health Workers

Community Health Volunteers

852

4,608

4,492

5,611

36,450

Sheresta, 1997

1991

UNDP

15,800 16,667

5,000 33,333

1996

1976 91 961976 1991 1996

21.3

2.9

92.7

24.1

98

28.8

1.90.10.50.00.3n.a.0.1

7.512.1

1.12.30.60.30.1

6.013.1

1.05.02.00.40.3

Nepal Fertility Family Planning and Health Survey 1991

HIV

HIV

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

-

2

1

10

34

32

1

-

-

1

1

3

1

-

2

4

4

7

3

-

2

12

39

35

79 6 18 91

National AIDS Prevention and Control Project, Ministry of Health,1993 96

12

(1990-96) 63 88 60

(1990-96) 18 58 12

90-95(1990-95)

n.a. n.a. n.a

1997

13

50

92 240 109,0004.2 96,000

12,00030

90 75

1991 92 95.5 4.5115,000 176,000

0.970.65 ESCAP,1996

57 5045 10.9

7.5 ESCAP,1996 Women Farmers DevelopmentDivision: WFDD

Department of Food andAgricultural Marketing Services :DFAMS

25

14

61 39

Agricultural Development BankMCPW

district

1975 750

Community Forestry User Group

50 1996 FisheryDevelopment Division

25

10 15

176,000 6%

115,000 4%

0.6 0.97

Women of Nepal:A Country Report, 1991(ESCAP)

1991

38.2 92.8 90.519.6 80.4 74.924.1 85.5 81.2

Central Bureau of Statistics, Population Census, ESCAP,1996

15

10-14

Labour Act 1992 Labour Rule 1993

45 68 23 20~5030 40

10-14 10

10 5055 62 70

（鉱工業・手工業・サービス業等）

16

89

i ii

12

15 300 1,500

1961197119811991

27.812.331.420.2

79.566.874.959.0

60.536.047.247.8

94.883.783.869.3

Central Bureau of Statistics, Population Censuses 1961-91 (ESCAP)

45.125.118.822.615.1

54.974.981.277.484.0

9.849.862.454.869.8

Central Bureau of Statistics, Population Censuses 1991(ESCAP)

17

1991

38.2-

10.60.80.8

14.60.81.6

30.02.4

19.60.38.71.02.6

20.94.82.3

35.74.1

24.10.29.11.02.1

19.43.92.1

34.63.7

92.80.00.70.00.11.50.00.04.30.5

80.40.02.10.20.62.80.80.2

11.41.6

85.50.01.50.10.42.30.50.18.41.2

90.50.01.20.00.12.00.10.15.30.7

74.90.02.60.30.74.51.10.4

13.61.8

81.20.02.00.20.53.50.70.3

10.31.4

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Central Bureau of Statistics, Population Census, 1991 (ESCAP)

1992

3,500

2,730

15,000

2,487

3,600

9,000

6,500

12,800

17,394

2,641

20,000

15,000

400

800

200

1,313

700

450

300

650

200

1,502

700

525

1,950

1,765

7,600

1,900

2,150

4,725

3,400

6,725

8,797

2,072

10,350

7,763

16,680 20,000 200 200 8,440 10,100

Agricultural Projects Service Center, Employment Survey of Establishments, 1992 (ESCAP)

10 1991

66.7

19.7

9.7

1.0

0.3

0.0

1.3

12.0

65.9

11.7

1.7

2.0

0.2

4.8

47.0

36.3

10.4

1.3

0.8

0.1

2.6

100.0 100.0 100.0

Population Census 1991, HMG,CBS, 1993(ESCAP)

18

. WID/

'000 US$

General network andtraining genderadvocacy

Didi Bahini 1997-1998

Provide institutionalsupport for integratinggender perspective.

Rural Infra structureDevelopment project

Asian DevelopmentBank(ADB)

1996 Improve women�sparticipation in thedevelopment activities.

Social Equity inproject and programbenefits

Swiss DevelopmentBank(SDC)

Cater to women�s bothpractical and physicalneeds.

Gender strategy, policyand action plan

NetherlandsDevelopmentCorporation(SNV)

1996-1999

Gender strategy to focuson specific target groups.

Advisory group ofGender experts.

United mission toNepal(UMN)

Increase gender focus inits program.

Poverty alleviationthrough self-helppromotion

German TechnicalCorporation(GTZ)

Ministry ofLocalDevelopment

1997-2012

Motivate, mobilize andundertake self-helpactivities to governmentgroups.

Micro-Environmentalaction project

Center forEnvironmental andAgricultural policyand ResearchExtension andDevelopment(CEAPRED)

Motivate and enable thecommunity women toundertake solid wastemanagement.

Water supply andsanitation(WSS)

Nepal for Water andHealth (NEWAH)

Water Aid 1999 Deliver services to menand women incommunities.

Greenery promotionco-operation project

His Majesty�sGovernment, HisMajesty�sGovernment,

His Majesty�s

Government,

Japan Overseas

Cooperation

Volunteers

1998-

1999

Long term goal to improvethe natural environmentand land productivity.

19

Secondary educationproject

DFID/UK Girls enrollment andfunding of Off-Schoolclasses for drop out girls.

Mobile training 1992-1997

Create self-employmentopportunities foremployed andunemployed youth at thelocal level.

Gender awarenesstraining

Water-Aid Aug-Sep1999

Ensure about theawareness of theimportance of the genderissue.

Community,motivation trainingprogram

MANUSHI WFP 1998-2000

Government strategy forprimary school teacher,country leaders andparents for improvingschool for the far west.

Urban hygiene andenvironmentaleducation program

German TechnicalCooperation(GTZ)

Ministry ofHealth

Raise awareness and skillin the environment.

Training packages DidiBahini Assist women learn tomake their choices.

Unsafe abortion Family PlanningAssociation of Nepal

IPPF 1995-2000

Active counseling onfamily planning to avoidunwanted pregnancy.

Basic and primaryeducation

Ministry ofEducation(MOE)

World Bank/DANIDA/

Provision for scholarshipsto girls.

Non-formal populationand family lifeeducation program

Ministry of Education UNFPA 1998-2001

Promote gender equality,equity and empowermentof women within thecontext of population andsustainable development.

Third live stockdevelopment project

Asian DevelopmentBank

1996 Involves specificwomen�s group and jointmembership in farmersgroup.

Churai forestdevelopment project

GTZ Ministry offorest and soilconservation

1999-2001

Supports both men andwomen to sustainablemanage community leasehold and religiousforests.

Urban developmentforest

GTZ Ministry ofLocalDevelopment

1998-2001

Strengthen in the field ofUrban management.

Communitydevelopment andforest/watershedconservation project

Japan InternationalCooperationAgency(JICA)

Ministry offorests and soilconservation,Japan OverseasCooperationVolunteers

1998-1999

Improve the naturalenvironment in the hillsof Nepal throughestablishing sustainabledevelopment andconservation ofcommunity resources.

20

AnnapurnaConservation AreaProject

King MahendraTrust for Nature andConservation

His Majesty�sGovernmentKing MahendraTrust for NatureandConservation

On-Going Women should beequally involved in theconservation efforts.

Women awarenesscenter

HELVETAS 1991 Raise the income andsocial status of thewomen.

Strategic Genderneeds

Nepal For WaterandHealth(NEWAH)

2000 Opportunity fortechnical and paidproject jobs.

Micro-Credit projectfor women.

Asian DevelopmentBank(ADB)

1994-2000

7.9million

Direct primarily toprovide credit to women.

Income generatingproject for womenfarmers

CEAPRED DANIDA 1999-2001

Involve generatingadditional income.

Micro-Credit projectfor women

Ministry for localDevelopment

AsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)

Technical assistance andbusiness constancy forwomen entrepreneurs.

Manaslu Eco-tourism project

King MahendraTrust for Nature andConservation

His Majesty�sGovernment,King MahendraTrust for NatureandConservation

1997-1998

Maximize the benefits tothe local community foreconomic developmentand awareness raisingfor conservation.

Gender Perspective Nepal Water andHealth

2000 Participate in healtheducation and Sanitation.

Strengthening thehealth system anddevelopment ofhuman resource forprimary health care

World HealthOrganization(WHO)

Women�s playprimary role in thefamily health care.

Safe motherhoodproject

DFID/Ministry ofHealth

AsianDevelopmentBank/Worldbank

1998-2001

Strengthen health andreduce MMR.

Primary health careProject

GTZ Ministry ofHealth

1998-2001

Improvement of primaryhealth care services.

Reproductive healthproject

GTZ Ministry ofHealth/WorldHealthOrganization/Family PlanningandAssociation ofNepal/NepalRed CrossSociety/DFID

1998-2001

Enable men, women andadolescent to practicepreventives basic andcurative reproductivehealth care.

Community healthinitiatives project

CEAPRED CanadianCenter for

1998-2000

Modifying/Improvingthe health and sanitation

21

Internationalstudies and co-operatives

related habits andenhancing theirpreventive behavior.

Sexual andReproductive health

Family planning andAssociation of Nepal

InternationalPlannedParenthoodFederation(IPPF)

2000

Strengtheningreproductive healthservice

Ministry of Health United NationPopulationFund(UNFPA)

1997-2000

Technical support forhealth systemmanagement andimprovement in quality.

Women AwarenessCenter

Helvetas 1991 Raise the income andsocial status of thewomen.

The women�s righthelpline

Legal Aid andConstancyCenter(LACC)

Encourage and preparewomen to play a leadingrole in social andeconomic development

Women�sEmpowermentProject

United State Agencyfor InternationalDevelopment(USAID)

Ministry ofSocialWelfare/AsiaFoundation,Other USbased NGO�s

1997 10.00 Women�s group focusingon economic activities,covers literacy, rightsand advocacy.

Free legal service topoor and destitutewomen

Convention onElimination ofall forms ofDiscriminationAgainstWomen(CEDAW)

1997-1998

protect and promotion ofwomen rights

22

5. WID/5-1 NGOContracted Consultants

Name Position Address

Ms. Milu Shakya Gender Co-Ordinater/Public Relation Officer-GTZ

Ms. Michelle Moffatt Gender and Poverty Consultant-Water Aid

Ms. Jeannette D.Gurung Forestry/Gender development Specialist-ICIMOD

Ms. Meena Joshi Sr. Program Officer of Mountain Development-

KMTNC

Mr. Pralhad Kumar Dhakal Research and Development Officer-Safe The

Children Fund

Ms. Julie Shrestha Human Resource and Development Management-

Action Aid

Dr. Trilokya N.Shrestha Director-CEAPRED

Mr. Aroop Rajouria Director of Programs-KMTNC

Ms. Bina Thapa Project Co-Ordinator-FPAN

Ms. Kamala Thapa Executive Director-Sunaulo Parivar Nepal

Mr. Adhir Sharma Sr.Program Officer-HELVETAS

Mr. Kiran Man Singh Program Manager-REDP

Ms. Saloni Singh President-Didi Bahini

Ms. Jaya Shakya Gender Co-ordinator � CCO

Mr. Devendra Raj Sharma Legal advisor-Manushi

Ms. Anjana Sakya Coordinator-Beijing + 5 Committee

Ms. Sapna Malla Forum of Women

Dr. Shanta Thapaliya President � LACC

Ms. Sudha Pant Program Officer � UNFPA

Ms. Bharati Silwal Gender Officer � UNDP

Ms. Samjhana Thapa NGO Specialist World Bank

23

Interviewed OrganizationName of theOrganization

Contact person(Speciality)

Results(project contentyear, relatedorganizations)

Reports/Writers(Published year)

Contact Address

Multi-Lateral United NationDevelopmentProgram

Ms. BharatiSilwal

1997 GenderReference Guide

UNDP,P.O. Box: 107Kathmandu

Multi-Lateral The World Bank Ms. SamjhanaThapa

1999 Enhancingwomenparticipation ineconomicdevelopment

The World BankP.O. Box: 798Durbarmarg,Kathmandu

Bi-Lateral USAID Ms. AnitaMamet

1998 Breaking newground (A casestudy of womenempowerment)

USAID,Ravi BhawanP.O.Box: 5653Kathmandu

Bi-Lateral CanadianCooperation

Mr. PrabinManandhar

1997 Gender Equalityof WomenEmpowerment(NationalWorkshop)

CCO,P.O.Box: 4574Lazimpat,Kathmandu

NGO FPAN Mr. Hari Khanal Bi-Monthly Family PlanningAssociation ofNepal,Newsletter

FPANP.O. Box: 486Pulchowk,Kathmandu

NGO Manushi Ms. PrabhaThacker

Bi-Monthly WODENNewsletter

Manushi,P.O. Box: 2682Kathmandu

Govt. Ministry ofWomen andSocial Welfare

1997 WomenDevelopmentProgress Report

HMG

Multi-Lateral Rural EnergyDevelopmentProject

Mr. Kiran ManSingh

Bi-Monthly URJA UNDP/REDP,P.O. Box: 107Pulchowk,Lalitpur

GermanTechnicalCooperation

Ms. NiluMaskey

1999 GTZ in Nepal GTZ,Neer Bhawan,P.O. Box: 1457Sanepa, Lalitpur

Action-Aid Ms. JulieShrestha

1997 Strategy paper Action-Aid,P.O. Box: 6257Kathmandu

24

5-2

Gender Equality andEmpowerment of women

Acharya, Meena 1997 UNFPA,Kathmandu

'Gender' Destruction of Women Pauline O'Dea UNICEF'Gender' equality of WomenEmpowerment (NationalWorkshop)

1997 HMG/CanadianCorporation Office

Beyond Beijing mid-decade meetin South Asia

Presenter-Anjana Shakya 1999 INHURED

Shadow Report on the InitialReport of the Government of Nepalon the convention on theelimination of all forms ofdiscrimination Against Women(CEDAW)

UNICEF country office 1999 Forum of Women andLaw Development

Gender strategy World Bank 1999 World BankSouth Asia Regional GenderAction Plan

World Bank 1997 World Bank

Country Assistance Strategy The World Bank 1999 World BankProposed Gender Strategy Dr. Meena Acharya 1998 Asian Development

BankThe National Action Plan on Areaof Women and Health

Ministry of Women and SocialWelfare

1997 Ministry of Women andsocial Welfare

The United Nations Convention onthe Elimination of all forms ofDiscrimination Against Women

His Majesty's Government ofNepal Women DevelopmentDivision Ministry of Labour andSocial Welfare

1997 UNICEF

Gender Issues in Irrigation 1996 German TechnicalCooperation

Acknowledging the role of genderin the Agriculture ResearchExtension

1996-ongoing

German TechnicalCooperation

Women in Development and PlantProduction

German TechnicalCooperation

Economic ActivitiesEnhancing Women's Participationin Economic Development

1996 The World Bank

World Bank Gender StrategyProgram

1999 The World Bank

Proposed Gender Strategy forAsian Development Bank

Meena Acharya 1998 Asian DevelopmentBank

Economic Policies for SustainableDevelopment

M. Baskota 1990 ICIMOD

Women Entrepreneurs awarenessworkshop

1997 IEDI, FNCCI

AN Analysis of the Key Issue onGender, Women EmploymentInitiatives and Challenges that Lie

NPC 1998 National PlanningCommission

25

AheadIntegration of Women in BasicNeeds Activities and Co-operationDevelopment of Nepal

CEDA

Women's Development Program 1997 Ministry of Women andSocial Welfare

Nepalese Women Towards aSustainable and

26

6.

1) Acharya M. The Statistical Profile of Nepalese Women: An Update in the Policy Context,Kathmandu, IIDS, 1994

2) Acharya M. The Status of Women in Nepal 1981

3) Bennett, Lynn Tradition and Change in the Legal Status of Nepalese women in status of womenin Nepal vol. 1974

4) Beyond Beijing Mid-Decade Meet in South Asia, Country Report, Kathmandu, Beyond BeijingCommittee, Aug., 1999

5) Beyond Beijing Mid-Decade Meet in South Asia, Sub-Regional Report, Kathmandu, August 11� 14, 1999

6) Human Development in South Asia 1999, (The Crisis of Governance), The Muhbub ul HaqHuman Development Centre, 1999

7) Human Development report 1999, New York UNDP, 1999

8) New Era, A situation Analysis of Sex Work and Trafficking in Nepal with Respect to Children1997.

9) NPC/HMG Statistical Profile of Women and Children in Nepal Ktm. 1997

10) National Planning Commission, The Approach Paper to Ninth Plan (Nepali), Kathmandu, 1997

11) Rana, M. et. al. Role of Women in Nepal's Industrial Development: Status, Constraints,Opportunities and Prospects; Volume: 1 & 2 1987.

12) World Bank, Aide Memoir Implementation Completion Mission, Kathmandu, June 1999

13) Nepal Rastra Bank, Income and Employment Generation from tourism in Nepal, Kathmandu1989.

14) World Bank, Country Assuistance strategy, Kathmandu, 1999-2001

15) World Bank Nepal: Relieving Poverty in a Resource Scarce Economy. World Bank 1990

16) The United Nation convention on the Elimination of all forms discrimination against women.

27

17) Acharya, M., et. al. Proposed Gender Strategy for Asian Development Bank in Nepal AsianDevelopment Bank April 20, 1998

18) Baskota, M. et. al. Economic Policies for Sustainable Development in Nepal, KathmanduICIMOD May 1990

19) Bhattarai, M. Integration of Gender Perspective in the Ninth Plan, Kathmandu, Ministry ofWomen and Social Welfare January 1996

20) Beijing Plus five, Country Report, His Majesty's Government of Nepal Ministry of Women andSocial Welfare Singh Durbar, Kathmandu, October 1999.

21) CBS Demographic Sample Survey, Kathmandu, Central Bureau of Statistics, 1986/87

22) CBS Population Monograph of Nepal, Kathmandu, Central Bureau of Statistics, 1995

23) CBS/NPC/HMG, Nepal Living Standards Survey (Main Findings, Volume 1 & 2), Kathmandu,1996

24) HMG/N; UNDP/UNIFEM/UNICEF/WFP/World Bank.

25) Ministry of Health/HMG, Second Long Term Health Plan (Volume 9), Kathmandu, MOA, 1997

26) National Planning Commission Secretariat. The Gender Challenge: Equal Opportunities forWomen - An Analysis of the Key Issues on Gender, Women Employment Initiatives, and theChallenges that Lie ahead Kathmandu Nepal NPC, December 1998

27) Nepal Family Planning/Maternal and Child Health Project Nepal Fertility and Family PlanningSurvey Report, Kathmandu, FPMCH 1987.

28) Primary School Feeding Program, Mission Appraisal Report, Kathmandu, WFP, 1997

29) Planning & Consultation Workshop on Convention on the Elimination of the forms ofDiscrimination Against Women (CEDAW), Kathmandu, Jointly Org. by: HMG¥Nepal &UNDP/UNIFEM/UNICEF/WFP/World Bank. Nov., 1999

30) UNDP¥HMG Planning and Consultation Workshop on CEDAW Nov 23 � 24, 1999. Kathmandu

31) RDF/NEPAL, State of Women And Child Rights in Nepal (Human Rights Perspectives),Kathmandu, Rural Development Foundation Nepal (RDF/Nepal) May 1999

32) Shadow Report on the Initial Report of the Government of Nepal on the Convention onElimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) Kathmandu, FWLDJune 1999.

28

33) Stenson, B. et. al. Performance Assessment of IPPF: Policy and Effectiveness at Country andRegional Level, An Assessment of the Family Planning Association of Nepal, OPTIONSConsultancy Services Limited 1998

34) Shadow Report on Initial Report of Government of Nepal on CEDAW, Briefing of Initial Reportand Concluding Comments, Kathmandu, Forum for Women, Law and Development 1999

35) Singh, S. L., (Ph.D.-Eco) et. al., The Informal Sector in Nepal, Kathmandu, A report preparedfor USAID December 1990.

36) Thacker, P. Country Report: Nepal Study of NGOs in Nepal, Kathmandu, A report prepared forUSAID December 1990.

37) Thacker, P. Technology: Women's Work and Status (The Case of Carpet Industry in Nepal),Mountain Population and Employment, Discussion Paper Series, Kathmandu ICIMOD 1993.

38) MWSIA The United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of DiscriminationAgainst Women, HMG/ Nepal Women Development Division Ministry of Labor and SocialWelfare & UNICEF Nepal.

39) UNIFEM South Asia in the 1990's: Gender Perspectives A Regional Overview, CommemoratingBeijing South Asia Regional Meeting, Kathmandu, UNIFEM, 9-10 September 1998

29

gender

Informal Sector

(ILO

WID (Women in Development)

/ reproductive health / rights/

(national machinery)

empowerment

(affirmative action / positive action)

(access / control)

< >

GDP

0 1 0 10.4

UNDP 75%

15—49

11000 1 1 1 1 1000

51000 5 1 5 1 1000

10

30

2500(ORT)

5

( )