wid ( )...development activities. social equity in project and program benefits swiss development...
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WID
( )
11 12
WID( )
1.
1-1 .........................................................................................................11-2 .............................................................................................................21-3 .....................................................................................................................2
2. WID/
2-1 .......................................................................................................................32-2 WID/ ...................................................42-3 .................................................................................................4
3. WID/
3-1 ..............................................................................................................................63-2 .....................................................................................................................93-3 .................................................................................................................133-4 ....................................................15
4. WID/ ...............................................18
5. WID/ ..............................................................................................22
6. ...................................................................................................................................26
7. ...................................................................................................................................29
略語表
BPEP - Basic and Primary Education Planning
BPFA - Beijing Platform for Action
CSW - Commission of Status of Women
CBS - Central Bureau of Statistics
DDC - District Development Committee
GO - Government Organization
GDP - Gross Domestic Product
HIV - Human Immune Virus
ILO - International Labor Organization
MWSW - Ministry of Women and Social Welfare
MMR - Maternal Mortality Rate
MOA - Ministry of Agriculture
NGO - Non-Government Organization
NR - Nepali Rupees
NRB - Nepal Rastra Bank
NPC - National Planning Commission
PCRW - Production Credit for Rural Women
STD - Sexually Transmitted Diseases
UNIDO - United Nations Industrial Development Organization
UNICEF- United Nations Children Fund
VDC - Village Development Committee
WID - Women in Development
3
GDP 40
20 305,000 7,000 20
16
1992
1618 18 21 20
tilak
tilak
10
1963 Mulki Ain
4
35
Pewa
WID
1980-85 1992-97
1988 1993National
Planning Commission Children and Women Development SectionWID
WID WID
Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare
1995
WIDNGO WID
WID
TBA
5
1990
Women Farmers Development Division
38,000 22,000
1982 75 64
6
28 14 41
48 22
1950 70
1995 14 41 38 59
57 521997
1990 1996/9728 13.5
64150
1997 87 130 72 3530
23 46 9720 44
6-9 48 22 199153 35 1971
10-14 1991 49 7640 10
iii
iii iv
7
v) vi) viiiix x
1993 1015 1975 8.21985
1997 2322,000
46 392000
1990NGO40 USAID NGOWorld Education
WORD 30
1995(%) 28 14 41 97
1990-94(%) 109 87 130 97
1990-94(%) N.A. 23 46 97
10 1992 N.A. 270 N.A. HDR96
1994(%) 11 97
1975 1985 1991
458,516 20.0 1,812,098 30.0 2,884,274 37.2
174,143 17.3 254,354 25.0 378,478 31.5
67,214 16.9 242,467 23.0 395,330 28.7
N.A. N.A. N.A.
Ministry of Education and Culture
8
1975 1985 1993
1,706 8.21 5,469 10.29 10,206 16.00
700 8.80 1,217 9.71 1,485 13.00
355 10.50 795 8.59 938 10.00
Ministry of Education, Culture and Social Welfare, 1994
9
53 54
1980 92
1997
515 1991UNICEF
1500 1990 101600 18
5.2
15 101.8
961997
1991 101 100094
1971 91 20 6.3 5.11976 91 15
4.0 3.1
保健医療分野
10
1976 91 2.9 24.112.1 7.5
HIV/AIDS 1993 11 1881992 HIV
1997 HIV 24553 STD HIV
STDSTD HIV
STD
1995
21,900,000 % 20 25*
1980-95 % 2.6
% 16 61
16 % 49 62
55 63
1000 38 57
1000 12 1990 10 1500
1000 81 1990-96% 7
1000 114 5.2
% 63 *
1997 :Sheresta, 1997
11
Doctors
Nurses
Health Assistants + Auxiliary Health
Workers
Allied Health Workers
Community Health Volunteers
852
4,608
4,492
5,611
36,450
Sheresta, 1997
1991
UNDP
15,800 16,667
5,000 33,333
1996
1976 91 961976 1991 1996
21.3
2.9
92.7
24.1
98
28.8
1.90.10.50.00.3n.a.0.1
7.512.1
1.12.30.60.30.1
6.013.1
1.05.02.00.40.3
Nepal Fertility Family Planning and Health Survey 1991
HIV
HIV
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
-
2
1
10
34
32
1
-
-
1
1
3
1
-
2
4
4
7
3
-
2
12
39
35
79 6 18 91
National AIDS Prevention and Control Project, Ministry of Health,1993 96
12
(1990-96) 63 88 60
(1990-96) 18 58 12
90-95(1990-95)
n.a. n.a. n.a
1997
13
50
92 240 109,0004.2 96,000
12,00030
90 75
1991 92 95.5 4.5115,000 176,000
0.970.65 ESCAP,1996
57 5045 10.9
7.5 ESCAP,1996 Women Farmers DevelopmentDivision: WFDD
Department of Food andAgricultural Marketing Services :DFAMS
25
14
61 39
Agricultural Development BankMCPW
district
1975 750
Community Forestry User Group
50 1996 FisheryDevelopment Division
25
10 15
176,000 6%
115,000 4%
0.6 0.97
Women of Nepal:A Country Report, 1991(ESCAP)
1991
38.2 92.8 90.519.6 80.4 74.924.1 85.5 81.2
Central Bureau of Statistics, Population Census, ESCAP,1996
15
10-14
Labour Act 1992 Labour Rule 1993
45 68 23 20~5030 40
10-14 10
10 5055 62 70
(鉱工業・手工業・サービス業等)
16
89
i ii
12
15 300 1,500
1961197119811991
27.812.331.420.2
79.566.874.959.0
60.536.047.247.8
94.883.783.869.3
Central Bureau of Statistics, Population Censuses 1961-91 (ESCAP)
45.125.118.822.615.1
54.974.981.277.484.0
9.849.862.454.869.8
Central Bureau of Statistics, Population Censuses 1991(ESCAP)
17
1991
38.2-
10.60.80.8
14.60.81.6
30.02.4
19.60.38.71.02.6
20.94.82.3
35.74.1
24.10.29.11.02.1
19.43.92.1
34.63.7
92.80.00.70.00.11.50.00.04.30.5
80.40.02.10.20.62.80.80.2
11.41.6
85.50.01.50.10.42.30.50.18.41.2
90.50.01.20.00.12.00.10.15.30.7
74.90.02.60.30.74.51.10.4
13.61.8
81.20.02.00.20.53.50.70.3
10.31.4
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Central Bureau of Statistics, Population Census, 1991 (ESCAP)
1992
3,500
2,730
15,000
2,487
3,600
9,000
6,500
12,800
17,394
2,641
20,000
15,000
400
800
200
1,313
700
450
300
650
200
1,502
700
525
1,950
1,765
7,600
1,900
2,150
4,725
3,400
6,725
8,797
2,072
10,350
7,763
16,680 20,000 200 200 8,440 10,100
Agricultural Projects Service Center, Employment Survey of Establishments, 1992 (ESCAP)
10 1991
66.7
19.7
9.7
1.0
0.3
0.0
1.3
12.0
65.9
11.7
1.7
2.0
0.2
4.8
47.0
36.3
10.4
1.3
0.8
0.1
2.6
100.0 100.0 100.0
Population Census 1991, HMG,CBS, 1993(ESCAP)
18
. WID/
'000 US$
General network andtraining genderadvocacy
Didi Bahini 1997-1998
Provide institutionalsupport for integratinggender perspective.
Rural Infra structureDevelopment project
Asian DevelopmentBank(ADB)
1996 Improve women�sparticipation in thedevelopment activities.
Social Equity inproject and programbenefits
Swiss DevelopmentBank(SDC)
Cater to women�s bothpractical and physicalneeds.
Gender strategy, policyand action plan
NetherlandsDevelopmentCorporation(SNV)
1996-1999
Gender strategy to focuson specific target groups.
Advisory group ofGender experts.
United mission toNepal(UMN)
Increase gender focus inits program.
Poverty alleviationthrough self-helppromotion
German TechnicalCorporation(GTZ)
Ministry ofLocalDevelopment
1997-2012
Motivate, mobilize andundertake self-helpactivities to governmentgroups.
Micro-Environmentalaction project
Center forEnvironmental andAgricultural policyand ResearchExtension andDevelopment(CEAPRED)
Motivate and enable thecommunity women toundertake solid wastemanagement.
Water supply andsanitation(WSS)
Nepal for Water andHealth (NEWAH)
Water Aid 1999 Deliver services to menand women incommunities.
Greenery promotionco-operation project
His Majesty�sGovernment, HisMajesty�sGovernment,
His Majesty�s
Government,
Japan Overseas
Cooperation
Volunteers
1998-
1999
Long term goal to improvethe natural environmentand land productivity.
19
Secondary educationproject
DFID/UK Girls enrollment andfunding of Off-Schoolclasses for drop out girls.
Mobile training 1992-1997
Create self-employmentopportunities foremployed andunemployed youth at thelocal level.
Gender awarenesstraining
Water-Aid Aug-Sep1999
Ensure about theawareness of theimportance of the genderissue.
Community,motivation trainingprogram
MANUSHI WFP 1998-2000
Government strategy forprimary school teacher,country leaders andparents for improvingschool for the far west.
Urban hygiene andenvironmentaleducation program
German TechnicalCooperation(GTZ)
Ministry ofHealth
Raise awareness and skillin the environment.
Training packages DidiBahini Assist women learn tomake their choices.
Unsafe abortion Family PlanningAssociation of Nepal
IPPF 1995-2000
Active counseling onfamily planning to avoidunwanted pregnancy.
Basic and primaryeducation
Ministry ofEducation(MOE)
World Bank/DANIDA/
Provision for scholarshipsto girls.
Non-formal populationand family lifeeducation program
Ministry of Education UNFPA 1998-2001
Promote gender equality,equity and empowermentof women within thecontext of population andsustainable development.
Third live stockdevelopment project
Asian DevelopmentBank
1996 Involves specificwomen�s group and jointmembership in farmersgroup.
Churai forestdevelopment project
GTZ Ministry offorest and soilconservation
1999-2001
Supports both men andwomen to sustainablemanage community leasehold and religiousforests.
Urban developmentforest
GTZ Ministry ofLocalDevelopment
1998-2001
Strengthen in the field ofUrban management.
Communitydevelopment andforest/watershedconservation project
Japan InternationalCooperationAgency(JICA)
Ministry offorests and soilconservation,Japan OverseasCooperationVolunteers
1998-1999
Improve the naturalenvironment in the hillsof Nepal throughestablishing sustainabledevelopment andconservation ofcommunity resources.
20
AnnapurnaConservation AreaProject
King MahendraTrust for Nature andConservation
His Majesty�sGovernmentKing MahendraTrust for NatureandConservation
On-Going Women should beequally involved in theconservation efforts.
Women awarenesscenter
HELVETAS 1991 Raise the income andsocial status of thewomen.
Strategic Genderneeds
Nepal For WaterandHealth(NEWAH)
2000 Opportunity fortechnical and paidproject jobs.
Micro-Credit projectfor women.
Asian DevelopmentBank(ADB)
1994-2000
7.9million
Direct primarily toprovide credit to women.
Income generatingproject for womenfarmers
CEAPRED DANIDA 1999-2001
Involve generatingadditional income.
Micro-Credit projectfor women
Ministry for localDevelopment
AsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)
Technical assistance andbusiness constancy forwomen entrepreneurs.
Manaslu Eco-tourism project
King MahendraTrust for Nature andConservation
His Majesty�sGovernment,King MahendraTrust for NatureandConservation
1997-1998
Maximize the benefits tothe local community foreconomic developmentand awareness raisingfor conservation.
Gender Perspective Nepal Water andHealth
2000 Participate in healtheducation and Sanitation.
Strengthening thehealth system anddevelopment ofhuman resource forprimary health care
World HealthOrganization(WHO)
Women�s playprimary role in thefamily health care.
Safe motherhoodproject
DFID/Ministry ofHealth
AsianDevelopmentBank/Worldbank
1998-2001
Strengthen health andreduce MMR.
Primary health careProject
GTZ Ministry ofHealth
1998-2001
Improvement of primaryhealth care services.
Reproductive healthproject
GTZ Ministry ofHealth/WorldHealthOrganization/Family PlanningandAssociation ofNepal/NepalRed CrossSociety/DFID
1998-2001
Enable men, women andadolescent to practicepreventives basic andcurative reproductivehealth care.
Community healthinitiatives project
CEAPRED CanadianCenter for
1998-2000
Modifying/Improvingthe health and sanitation
21
Internationalstudies and co-operatives
related habits andenhancing theirpreventive behavior.
Sexual andReproductive health
Family planning andAssociation of Nepal
InternationalPlannedParenthoodFederation(IPPF)
2000
Strengtheningreproductive healthservice
Ministry of Health United NationPopulationFund(UNFPA)
1997-2000
Technical support forhealth systemmanagement andimprovement in quality.
Women AwarenessCenter
Helvetas 1991 Raise the income andsocial status of thewomen.
The women�s righthelpline
Legal Aid andConstancyCenter(LACC)
Encourage and preparewomen to play a leadingrole in social andeconomic development
Women�sEmpowermentProject
United State Agencyfor InternationalDevelopment(USAID)
Ministry ofSocialWelfare/AsiaFoundation,Other USbased NGO�s
1997 10.00 Women�s group focusingon economic activities,covers literacy, rightsand advocacy.
Free legal service topoor and destitutewomen
Convention onElimination ofall forms ofDiscriminationAgainstWomen(CEDAW)
1997-1998
protect and promotion ofwomen rights
22
5. WID/5-1 NGOContracted Consultants
Name Position Address
Ms. Milu Shakya Gender Co-Ordinater/Public Relation Officer-GTZ
Ms. Michelle Moffatt Gender and Poverty Consultant-Water Aid
Ms. Jeannette D.Gurung Forestry/Gender development Specialist-ICIMOD
Ms. Meena Joshi Sr. Program Officer of Mountain Development-
KMTNC
Mr. Pralhad Kumar Dhakal Research and Development Officer-Safe The
Children Fund
Ms. Julie Shrestha Human Resource and Development Management-
Action Aid
Dr. Trilokya N.Shrestha Director-CEAPRED
Mr. Aroop Rajouria Director of Programs-KMTNC
Ms. Bina Thapa Project Co-Ordinator-FPAN
Ms. Kamala Thapa Executive Director-Sunaulo Parivar Nepal
Mr. Adhir Sharma Sr.Program Officer-HELVETAS
Mr. Kiran Man Singh Program Manager-REDP
Ms. Saloni Singh President-Didi Bahini
Ms. Jaya Shakya Gender Co-ordinator � CCO
Mr. Devendra Raj Sharma Legal advisor-Manushi
Ms. Anjana Sakya Coordinator-Beijing + 5 Committee
Ms. Sapna Malla Forum of Women
Dr. Shanta Thapaliya President � LACC
Ms. Sudha Pant Program Officer � UNFPA
Ms. Bharati Silwal Gender Officer � UNDP
Ms. Samjhana Thapa NGO Specialist World Bank
23
Interviewed OrganizationName of theOrganization
Contact person(Speciality)
Results(project contentyear, relatedorganizations)
Reports/Writers(Published year)
Contact Address
Multi-Lateral United NationDevelopmentProgram
Ms. BharatiSilwal
1997 GenderReference Guide
UNDP,P.O. Box: 107Kathmandu
Multi-Lateral The World Bank Ms. SamjhanaThapa
1999 Enhancingwomenparticipation ineconomicdevelopment
The World BankP.O. Box: 798Durbarmarg,Kathmandu
Bi-Lateral USAID Ms. AnitaMamet
1998 Breaking newground (A casestudy of womenempowerment)
USAID,Ravi BhawanP.O.Box: 5653Kathmandu
Bi-Lateral CanadianCooperation
Mr. PrabinManandhar
1997 Gender Equalityof WomenEmpowerment(NationalWorkshop)
CCO,P.O.Box: 4574Lazimpat,Kathmandu
NGO FPAN Mr. Hari Khanal Bi-Monthly Family PlanningAssociation ofNepal,Newsletter
FPANP.O. Box: 486Pulchowk,Kathmandu
NGO Manushi Ms. PrabhaThacker
Bi-Monthly WODENNewsletter
Manushi,P.O. Box: 2682Kathmandu
Govt. Ministry ofWomen andSocial Welfare
1997 WomenDevelopmentProgress Report
HMG
Multi-Lateral Rural EnergyDevelopmentProject
Mr. Kiran ManSingh
Bi-Monthly URJA UNDP/REDP,P.O. Box: 107Pulchowk,Lalitpur
GermanTechnicalCooperation
Ms. NiluMaskey
1999 GTZ in Nepal GTZ,Neer Bhawan,P.O. Box: 1457Sanepa, Lalitpur
Action-Aid Ms. JulieShrestha
1997 Strategy paper Action-Aid,P.O. Box: 6257Kathmandu
24
5-2
Gender Equality andEmpowerment of women
Acharya, Meena 1997 UNFPA,Kathmandu
'Gender' Destruction of Women Pauline O'Dea UNICEF'Gender' equality of WomenEmpowerment (NationalWorkshop)
1997 HMG/CanadianCorporation Office
Beyond Beijing mid-decade meetin South Asia
Presenter-Anjana Shakya 1999 INHURED
Shadow Report on the InitialReport of the Government of Nepalon the convention on theelimination of all forms ofdiscrimination Against Women(CEDAW)
UNICEF country office 1999 Forum of Women andLaw Development
Gender strategy World Bank 1999 World BankSouth Asia Regional GenderAction Plan
World Bank 1997 World Bank
Country Assistance Strategy The World Bank 1999 World BankProposed Gender Strategy Dr. Meena Acharya 1998 Asian Development
BankThe National Action Plan on Areaof Women and Health
Ministry of Women and SocialWelfare
1997 Ministry of Women andsocial Welfare
The United Nations Convention onthe Elimination of all forms ofDiscrimination Against Women
His Majesty's Government ofNepal Women DevelopmentDivision Ministry of Labour andSocial Welfare
1997 UNICEF
Gender Issues in Irrigation 1996 German TechnicalCooperation
Acknowledging the role of genderin the Agriculture ResearchExtension
1996-ongoing
German TechnicalCooperation
Women in Development and PlantProduction
German TechnicalCooperation
Economic ActivitiesEnhancing Women's Participationin Economic Development
1996 The World Bank
World Bank Gender StrategyProgram
1999 The World Bank
Proposed Gender Strategy forAsian Development Bank
Meena Acharya 1998 Asian DevelopmentBank
Economic Policies for SustainableDevelopment
M. Baskota 1990 ICIMOD
Women Entrepreneurs awarenessworkshop
1997 IEDI, FNCCI
AN Analysis of the Key Issue onGender, Women EmploymentInitiatives and Challenges that Lie
NPC 1998 National PlanningCommission
25
AheadIntegration of Women in BasicNeeds Activities and Co-operationDevelopment of Nepal
CEDA
Women's Development Program 1997 Ministry of Women andSocial Welfare
Nepalese Women Towards aSustainable and
26
6.
1) Acharya M. The Statistical Profile of Nepalese Women: An Update in the Policy Context,Kathmandu, IIDS, 1994
2) Acharya M. The Status of Women in Nepal 1981
3) Bennett, Lynn Tradition and Change in the Legal Status of Nepalese women in status of womenin Nepal vol. 1974
4) Beyond Beijing Mid-Decade Meet in South Asia, Country Report, Kathmandu, Beyond BeijingCommittee, Aug., 1999
5) Beyond Beijing Mid-Decade Meet in South Asia, Sub-Regional Report, Kathmandu, August 11� 14, 1999
6) Human Development in South Asia 1999, (The Crisis of Governance), The Muhbub ul HaqHuman Development Centre, 1999
7) Human Development report 1999, New York UNDP, 1999
8) New Era, A situation Analysis of Sex Work and Trafficking in Nepal with Respect to Children1997.
9) NPC/HMG Statistical Profile of Women and Children in Nepal Ktm. 1997
10) National Planning Commission, The Approach Paper to Ninth Plan (Nepali), Kathmandu, 1997
11) Rana, M. et. al. Role of Women in Nepal's Industrial Development: Status, Constraints,Opportunities and Prospects; Volume: 1 & 2 1987.
12) World Bank, Aide Memoir Implementation Completion Mission, Kathmandu, June 1999
13) Nepal Rastra Bank, Income and Employment Generation from tourism in Nepal, Kathmandu1989.
14) World Bank, Country Assuistance strategy, Kathmandu, 1999-2001
15) World Bank Nepal: Relieving Poverty in a Resource Scarce Economy. World Bank 1990
16) The United Nation convention on the Elimination of all forms discrimination against women.
27
17) Acharya, M., et. al. Proposed Gender Strategy for Asian Development Bank in Nepal AsianDevelopment Bank April 20, 1998
18) Baskota, M. et. al. Economic Policies for Sustainable Development in Nepal, KathmanduICIMOD May 1990
19) Bhattarai, M. Integration of Gender Perspective in the Ninth Plan, Kathmandu, Ministry ofWomen and Social Welfare January 1996
20) Beijing Plus five, Country Report, His Majesty's Government of Nepal Ministry of Women andSocial Welfare Singh Durbar, Kathmandu, October 1999.
21) CBS Demographic Sample Survey, Kathmandu, Central Bureau of Statistics, 1986/87
22) CBS Population Monograph of Nepal, Kathmandu, Central Bureau of Statistics, 1995
23) CBS/NPC/HMG, Nepal Living Standards Survey (Main Findings, Volume 1 & 2), Kathmandu,1996
24) HMG/N; UNDP/UNIFEM/UNICEF/WFP/World Bank.
25) Ministry of Health/HMG, Second Long Term Health Plan (Volume 9), Kathmandu, MOA, 1997
26) National Planning Commission Secretariat. The Gender Challenge: Equal Opportunities forWomen - An Analysis of the Key Issues on Gender, Women Employment Initiatives, and theChallenges that Lie ahead Kathmandu Nepal NPC, December 1998
27) Nepal Family Planning/Maternal and Child Health Project Nepal Fertility and Family PlanningSurvey Report, Kathmandu, FPMCH 1987.
28) Primary School Feeding Program, Mission Appraisal Report, Kathmandu, WFP, 1997
29) Planning & Consultation Workshop on Convention on the Elimination of the forms ofDiscrimination Against Women (CEDAW), Kathmandu, Jointly Org. by: HMG¥Nepal &UNDP/UNIFEM/UNICEF/WFP/World Bank. Nov., 1999
30) UNDP¥HMG Planning and Consultation Workshop on CEDAW Nov 23 � 24, 1999. Kathmandu
31) RDF/NEPAL, State of Women And Child Rights in Nepal (Human Rights Perspectives),Kathmandu, Rural Development Foundation Nepal (RDF/Nepal) May 1999
32) Shadow Report on the Initial Report of the Government of Nepal on the Convention onElimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) Kathmandu, FWLDJune 1999.
28
33) Stenson, B. et. al. Performance Assessment of IPPF: Policy and Effectiveness at Country andRegional Level, An Assessment of the Family Planning Association of Nepal, OPTIONSConsultancy Services Limited 1998
34) Shadow Report on Initial Report of Government of Nepal on CEDAW, Briefing of Initial Reportand Concluding Comments, Kathmandu, Forum for Women, Law and Development 1999
35) Singh, S. L., (Ph.D.-Eco) et. al., The Informal Sector in Nepal, Kathmandu, A report preparedfor USAID December 1990.
36) Thacker, P. Country Report: Nepal Study of NGOs in Nepal, Kathmandu, A report prepared forUSAID December 1990.
37) Thacker, P. Technology: Women's Work and Status (The Case of Carpet Industry in Nepal),Mountain Population and Employment, Discussion Paper Series, Kathmandu ICIMOD 1993.
38) MWSIA The United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of DiscriminationAgainst Women, HMG/ Nepal Women Development Division Ministry of Labor and SocialWelfare & UNICEF Nepal.
39) UNIFEM South Asia in the 1990's: Gender Perspectives A Regional Overview, CommemoratingBeijing South Asia Regional Meeting, Kathmandu, UNIFEM, 9-10 September 1998
29
gender
Informal Sector
(ILO
WID (Women in Development)
/ reproductive health / rights/
(national machinery)
empowerment
(affirmative action / positive action)
(access / control)
< >
GDP
0 1 0 10.4
UNDP 75%
15—49
11000 1 1 1 1 1000
51000 5 1 5 1 1000
10
30
2500(ORT)
5
( )