WILLIAM HUNTER | STUDENT'S WORK | RESEARCH PROJECT PROPOSALS | PUBLICATIONS

CONTENTS | DHARAVI CONTESTED (p 2-3) - STUDENT PROJECT– RESHAPING SCHOOLS AS CATALYSTS FOR INCREMENTAL

HOUSING DEVELOPMENT | DHARAVI ALTERNAITIVES (p 4-5) - COLLATED STRATEGY PROPOSAL FOR REIMAGING PUBLIC

SPACES AND PLUG-IN HOUSING PROGRAMS TO PROMOTE SUSTAINED LIVELIHOODS | META-NARRATIVES OF PHILIPPINE

URBANISM - STUDENT PROJECT – TOOL-BASED HOUSING TACTICS THAT RECONFIGURE FORMAL DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

PRACTICES and PROFESSIONALISM IN UNREGULATED TERRITORIES (p 6) | ROME SUMMERLAB – OCCUPATION CITY –

PROPOSAL FOR OCCUPIED MULTI-FACETED RE-USE OF AN EXISTING OFFICE INDUSTRIAL PLEX (p 7) | MOBILE MARKET

CONCEPT FOR DUSIT VILLAGE TRADERS, BANGKOK (p 8) | SAMPLE PUBLICATIONS (p 9) | STUDIO SYLLABUS (p 10-16))

FROM SCHOOLS TO HOUSING IN DHARAVI, MUMBAI Student statement Social Capital as a network is one of those assets. This project seeks to capitalise these current networks and introduce new ones. The way to introduce these new networks is through the construction and improvement of schools, as gateways of sanitary, social and technological networks to the neighbourhoods. From the schools as core of the upgrading, the project proposes a model of housing upgrading that uses the introduced networks and conserves the existing ones. This housing upgrading model is based in the notion of multilevel process: A participatory process in small scale that allows the families to have suitable responds. A construction process that allows to the residents of Dharavi to conserve their assets and networks during the works. Housing able to change recognizing the assets (materials) of the dwellers and using it to grow. A post-construction process that includes the integration of new neighbours and the recognition and consolidation of different levels of public spaces.

PUBLIC SPACE UPGRADING STRATEGY FOR DHARAVI, MUMBAI Design statement Participatory Design of buildings, individual modular dwelling units are arranged into clusters by representatives of each family, with 15% more units added to rent in the short term to migrant and seasonal workers, while in the long term families can expand into them. The modular housing approach is proposed as a locally implementable tool. Thanks to its flexibility and affordability; as it relies on local workforce and materials, it turns out to be effective in tackling the specificity of the informal settlement. The system triggers the participation of each element of people in Dharavi community willing to develop their places in accordance to their life needs. It also boosts their potential ability as it is not only creating ‘homes’, but also places of employment, beehives of ‘recycling and manufacturing industries’. Raised foot bridges are positioned between clusters and into to freed area to act as a private-public space to retain the current live-work relationships and as a means of integration between area developed by nagar and area developed by developers. The relationship between the private developer(s) and the local population is critical for a sustainable future, and things like jobs and architectural features are to encourage interconnectivity between slum dwellers and new inhabitants. Images on this page illustrate various phases of participatory methods. The following page highlights through a community section and iconography which activities can occur in given locales.

Produced during ROME – occupation city DPU summerLab 2013 Proposal statement OfficineZero is an abandoned former industrial plex on the outskirts of Rome, which for the last 2 years has been occupied by a number of families both Roman and immigrant. While the community has already begun slowly building basic necessities, this project seeks to systematically develop the site in a manner that could ensure higher standard long-term living and commercial scenarios for the inhabitants.

MOBILE MARKET CONCEPT for DUSIT VILLAGE, BANGKOK Proposal statement Conceived during an afternoon community design charrette, this concept for a multi-use mobile market stall intends to offer a simple regulatory framework program for venders and transient commercial traders in and around Dusit Village, Bangkok. The straightforward construction will allow individuals to form community material banks and building assistance, thus creating a network and identity around the stalls. The adaptability of the structure allows for singular use and clustering depending on needs and/or family units size.

UCL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING UNIT

BENVGBU3

URBAN INTERVENTIONS STUDIO TERMS OF REFERENCE & PROGRAMME META-NARRATIVES OF PHILIPPINE URBANISM: EXPLORATIONS and TACTICS for COMMUNITIES 2012/2013

URBAN INTERVENTIONS STUDIO Tutors – William Hunter, Dr. Camillo Boano, Dr. Caroline Newton Terms – One, Two (partial) Assessment – 60% of BU3 module mark (Individual Design 30%, Portfolio 30%) The complexity of design in development scenarios is compounded by scarce resources, skewed power relationships at the individual, community, and institutional levels, unresponsive provision and limited access to housing and infrastructure, legal and spatial informality, and the contested interweaving of top-down vs. bottom-up agendas. This studio project prepares students to enact positive change by embracing this complexity and re-orienting existing design in development processes toward more just and equitable spatial outcomes.

OBJECTIVES The objectives of this module are to invite students:

• To analyse and reflect on the challenges of a socially just urban design in development practice in the context of a specific case-based project;

• To confront the theory and ethics of urban design in development through participatory processes of design and the production of space in informal settlements;

• To develop skills and competences of urban practitioners as enablers and not just providers

of predetermined built forms;

• To critically analyse urban densities and transformative processes both at the policy and at the spatial level;

• To understand and navigate the critical tensions produced in intertwined spatial realms

where livelihoods, productive activities and everyday housing activities reflect multiple and contested interests and opportunities;

• To elaborate spatially at the level of buildings and urban design, on density and verticality;

• To develop a methodology and framework for a professional approach to building and urban

design for development;

• To understand how to develop strategies and sound design proposals for the development and upgrading of urban areas, in ways that are socially and culturally acceptable, economically viable and environmentally sustainable.

OPERATION The urban interventions studio project will run from week two of TERM 1 through week three of TERM 2 (13 weeks). Most sessions will be hands-on studio work with group discussions and reflections, where concepts, frameworks and specific inputs on the case will be introduced in through seminars with tutors and guests.

The platform for exploration will be an overview of Philippines Urbanism organised around 5 phases of work. These phases and exercises will be explained through briefs handed out in succession.

- Mapping the Territory – Philippines (Actor/Stakeholder Relationships and Urban Geography) - Socio-spatial Profiling – Philippines (analysis of social, cultural, and spatial constructs) - Design Principles and Guidelines – 3 cities, 3 sites (rationale and conceptual criteria) - Individual Design Response – 3 cities, 3 sites (individually pursued design interventions) - Collated Strategies (holistically-formed and contextually specific group schemes)

PROJECT CASE OVERVIEW The Philippines is an archipelago of 7,107 islands with a total land area, including inland bodies of water, of approximately 300.000 sq km (120.000 sq mi). According to leading economists, cities in the Philippines are growing almost as rapidly as in China. As of 2010, the total national population is 92.3 million people and United Nations numbers indicate that the urban population could grow by 25 million in the next 20 years. This rapid change will have a major impact on national and city wide development, especially that of informal sectors and settlements. Currently there are 22.8 million people living in “slums” throughout the country. The percentage of this population living in so-called urban areas is around 44% (roughly 10 million). Slums in the Philippines are dispersed across the country’s thousands of islands. These settlements often have limited access to basic services, no legal land tenure and insecure shelter, usually on the least appealing plots of land. Many Filipino slum dwellers live in areas where they are vulnerable to natural and man-made disasters such as along shorelines, dumpsites, under bridges and on hillsides. Taking a holistic overview of the Philippines and in particular the community examples in Manila, Iloilo, and Davao, we wish to address major cross-cutting thematic issues affecting these and other cities throughout the country. Through a remote and simulated “live” collaboration with the Philippines Alliance (HPFPI, TAMPEI, and PACSII) the studio will ground itself in a real-time case project involving various chosen sites and communities with an agenda to develop a contextual analysis of urbanism in the Philippines, eventually leading to the formation and speculation on critical tactics and strategies that address a multitude of urban scales and challenges facing the organisations and communities they represent. Initial phases of the studio project will constitute a wider perspective analysis and immersion into the Philippines national level, before moving into more specific site-based analysis using the representative qualitative and quantitative examples in the cities/communities briefly introduced below. The simulated/live concept refers to the fact that although the studio investigation will take place solely in London, the core “design” briefs were developed by the Alliance network and communities and all project output is meant to be shared through live feed presentations and benefit the Alliance and communities on many levels. By exploring different scales and geographies of development, the studio investigation takes a stance on thinking beyond the mere form-driven objective nature of architecture and urban design. It is imperative for planning professionals, communities, organizations, and students to understand the value in perceiving a situation along diverse and alternative approaches that align with multiple elements of transformation (political, social, economic, cultural, creative). To achieve an alternative and resistant vision of transformation, there arguably has to be a re-thinking of transformative processes. The studio project, not only for students, but also for the constituents that can benefit from a new perspective, is run on this premise of re-calibrating design in development.

SESSION SCHEDULE TERM 1 [Development Workshops (DPU students only) – NO CLASS] Friday, 30 September 2011 Session 1 05 Oct 2012 – Philippines Project Intro/ Opening Design Charrette Session 2 12 Oct 2012 – Seminar / Groupwork / Tutorials Session 3 19 Oct 2012 – Presentation: Mapping the Territory – Philippines Session 4 26 Oct 2012 – Presentation: Socio-spatial Profiling (Community) – Philippines Seminar Session 5 02 Nov 2012 – Groupwork / Tutorials (Windsor week) [Reading Week – NO CLASS] Friday, 09 November 2011 Session 6 16 Nov 2012 – Presentation: Socio-spatial Profiling (Practitioner) - Philippines Session 7 23 Nov 2012 – Seminar / Groupwork / Tutorials Session 8 30 Dec 2012 – Presentation: Design Principles & Guidelines (3 cities, 3 sites) Session 9 07 Dec 2012 – Seminar / Individual Design Work / Tutorials Session 10 14 Dec 2012 – Final Presentation: Individual Design Response (3 cities, 3 sites) TERM 2 Session 11 11 January 2013 – Seminar / Collated Strategies Intro Brief / Group Exercise Session 12 18 January 2013 – Seminar / Groupwork / Tutorials Session 13 25 January 2013 – Final Presentation: Collated Strategies (3 cities, 3 sites) [BUDDcamp – TBC]

GOALS AND TASKS In the framework of the Philippines Alliance’s commitment to the transformation of the living conditions of urban poor women and men, as well as their own institutional relationship and capacity, the objectives of this case are:

1. To conduct a representative analysis of the Philippines Urbanism through a micro city/community lens, aiming to explore particular spatial integration in a wider context while taking into consideration strengths and weaknesses of community relationships and assets

2. To explore social dynamics and their spatial implications for community transformation namely exploring the notions of:

• the aspiration and ideal housing typologies (design and density) • the relationship with the city (economies of scale)

3. To explore the roles, expectations and aspirations of the different actors involved

(household members and community groups, social and technical support organisations, and relevant government and private sector stakeholders

4. To develop feasible and critical project proposals that address a multitude of challenges and that are inclusive, secure, and contextually adaptive

ASSESSMENT Project Work Urban Interventions Studio - 60%:

• Individual Design (30%). Each student will develop an individual design in response to a specific issue(s) of his/her choice, using the tools and concepts learned during the Urban Intervention Studio. The assignment is submitted in the format of presentation.

• Portfolio (30%). A reflective compilation or extension of the work produced in the Urban Interventions Studio in a clear and structured way. Medium is optional.

Assessment Criteria All the above assessment will stress the participant’s ability in confronting the theory and practice of strategic intervention in building and urban design for development. Generally based on group / individual presentations and individual interviews, assessments consist of various criteria that illustrate the students’ understanding, progress and critical reflections. (see ANNEX for sample indication of criteria breakdown)

PORTFOLIO The portfolio is part of the official individual submission/assessment for this module, where students are expected to compile and expand on the work produced in the Urban Intervention Studio in a clear and structured way. Students are encouraged to integrate their understandings from the various stages of the studio for the Portfolio. This can combine text and graphic material using an array of mediums from conventional hard copy portfolio to more digital means. In any case, it is important for students to be analytical and reflective on their learning process rather than descriptive. This along with originality in presentation will form the assessment.

CORE READINGS A reading list has been formulated to support the studio sessions. These readings vary from core theoretical leanings to methodological insight and case study specific analysis. While readings are not assigned to a particular studio session, tutors will inform students of correlations between certain readings and sessions. It is assumed that students will read the literature, especially those based on the Philippines case, and come to discussion sessions with an informed mind. The core readings are grouped below within their relevant part of the studio.

STAFF William Hunter w.hunter@ucl.ac.uk [Module Tutor]

CORE READINGS (downloadable from BU3 Moodle page) Boano, C., M. Garcia-Lamarca, and W.Hunter (2011). The Frontlines of Contested Urbanism: Mega-projects and Mega-resistances in Dharavi in Journal of Developing Societies, Special Issue Vol. 27 no. 3-4, pp. 295-326. Chiles, P. (2005) What if? A narrative process for re-imagining the city in Architecture and Participation (edited by P. Blundell-Jones, D. Pretrescu, and J. Till). Taylor &Francis: Oxon/London. pp. 187-206. Dikeç, M. (2001) ‘Justice and the spatial imagination’ in Environment & planning A, 33(10), pp. 1785-1805. Dovey, K. and R. King (2012). Informal Urbanism and the Taste for Slums in Tourism Geographies: An International Journal of Tourism Space, Place and Environment. Vol. 14:2. Routledge. pp. 275-93. Dovey, K. and Polakit, K. (2010) Urban Slippage: Smooth and Striated Streetscapes in Bangkok in Becoming Places: Urbanism/Architecture/Identity/Power (by K. Dovey), Routledge: London. pp. 167-184. Gamez, J. and S. Rogers (2008) An Architecture of Change in Expanding Architecture: Design and Activism (edited by B. Bell and K. Wakeford). Metropolis Books/Distributed Art Publishers: New York. pp. 19-25. Hernandez, F. (2010) Third Space in Bhabha for Architects (by F. Hernandez). Routledge. pp. 89-98. Jameson, F. (1997) Is Space Political? in Rethinking Architecture: A Reader in Cultural Theory (edited by N. Leach). Routledge: London. pp. 255-69. Kaika, M. and E. Swyngedouw (2010). The Urbanization of Nature: Great Promises, Impasse, and New Beginnings in A New Companion to the City (G Bridge and S Watson, eds), Blackwell: Oxford. pp 567–580. McFarlane, C. (2012). Rethinking Informality: Politics, Crisis, and the City. Planning Theory & Practice, Vol. 13: . Routledge: London. pp. 89-108 Roth, R. (2009) The Challenges of Mapping Complex Indigenous Spatiality: From Abstract Space to Dwelling Space. Cultural Geographies. Vol. 16, pp. 207-227. Wigglesworth, S. (2005). Critical Practice. The Journal of Architecture, 10:3. Routledge. pp. 335-346

ADDITIONAL READINGS (general) Foucault, M. (1997) Of Other Spaces: Utopias and Heterotopias/Panopticism/Space, Knowledge and Power (interview) in Rethinking Architecture: A Reader in Cultural Theory (edited by N. Leach). Routledge: London/New York. pp. 350-379. Marras, S. (2010) ‘Map Kibera Project’ in Lotus International 143, pp. 32-33. Noero, J. (2011) ‘Activism in Architecture’ in Lotus International 145, pp. 78-81. Rakodi, C. (2006) "Relationships of power and place: the social construction of African cities" in Geoforum, Vol. 37(3), Pp. 312-317. Roy, A. (2011) ‘Slumdog Cities: Rethinking Subaltern Urbanism’ in International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. Vol. 35(2), pp. 223-238. Avermaete, T. (2010) ‘The Borders Within: Reflections upon Architecture’s Engagement with Urban Limens’ in Border Conditions (edited by M. Schoonderbeek), Architectura & Natura Press, Amsterdam, pp. 269-276. Blau, E. (2007) ‘City as Open Work’ in Project Zagreb: Transition as Condition, Strategy, Practice (edited by E. Blau and I. Rupnik), Actar, Barcelona, pp. 8-25. Bunschoten, R. (2010) ‘Liminal Bodies and Urban Incubators’ in Border Conditions (edited by M. Schoonderbeek), Architectura & Natura Press, Amsterdam, pp. 277-283. Careri, F. and Romito, L. (2005) ‘Stalker and the big game of Campo Boario’ in Architecture & Participation (edited by P.B. Jones, D. Petrescu and J. Till), Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 226-233. De Carlo, G. (2005) ‘Architecture’s public’ in Architecture & Participation (edited by P.B. Jones, D. Petrescu and J. Till), Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 3-22. Diamond, B. (2010) ‘Safe Speech: Public Space as a Medium of Democracy’ in Journal of Architectural Education, Vol. 64(1), pp. 94-105. Inam, A. (2011) ‘From Dichotomy to Dialectic: Practising Theory in Urban Design’ in Journal of Urban Design, Vol. 16(2), pp. 257-277. Kaliski, J. (2007) ‘Everyday Urban Design: Towards default urbanism and/or urbanism by design?’ in Writing Urbanism (edited by D. Kelbaugh and K. McCullough), Routledge, London, pp. 115-119. Nicolas-le Strat, P. (2007) ‘Interstitial Multiplicity’ in Urban Act (edited by the European Platform for Alternative Practice and Research on the City), Moutot Imprimeurs, Montrouge, pp. 314-318. Patel, S. and Baptist, C. (2012) ‘Editorial: Documenting by the undocumented’ in Environment and Urbanization, Sage Publishing: London. April 2012, Vol. 24 (1). pp. 3-12. Petcou, C. and Petrescu, D. (2007) ‘Acting Space: Transversal notes, on-the-ground observations and concrete questions for us all’ in Urban Act (edited by the European Platform for Alternative Practice and Research on the City), Moutot Imprimeurs, Montrouge, pp. 319-328. Sassen, S. (2007) ‘Dis-assembling the Urban: The variable interactions of spatial form and content’ in Writing Urbanism (edited by D. Kelbaugh and K. McCullough), Routledge, London, pp. 303-312.

CONTENTS | THE CRYSTALS AT CITY CENTER W/ STUDIO DANIEL LIBESKIND | 18.36.54 HOUSE W/ STUDIO DANIEL LIBESKIND | D.Y. PATIL SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT W/ FOSTER + PARTNERS | SHANGHAI BUND FINANCIAL CENTER W/ THOMAS HEATHERWICK | WROCLAW ART MUSEUM COMPETITION W/ HOLZER-KOBLER ARCHITEXTUREN & NAU COOP

WILLIAM HUNTER | PROFESSIONAL ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE

The Crystals at City Center – w/ Studio Daniel Libeskind

18.36.54 House – w/ Studio Daniel Libeskind

The D.Y. Patil School of Business is targeting a LEED ® Gold rating by Indian Green Building Council. Achieving such high building performance standards in the harsh climate of Navi Mumbai is a challenging task and shows the university’s commitment to environmental responsibility. The design incorporates many features for increased building efficiency. The building form is developed to allow for enhanced daylight penetration from the north façade while preventing any direct sunlight from entering the perimeter spaces. The building is also being designed to naturally ventilate all the public spaces, which saves additional energy. Advanced modeling and analysis is being carried out to optimize the ventilation design ensuring maximum comfort in the public realm. An onsite water recovery plant is proposed for the development recovering upto 95% of wastewater generated from the building to be reused for secondary uses such as toilet flushing and cooling tower makeup water. To minimize the dependence on grid electricity, a natural gas driven tri-generation CHP plant is proposed for the building .This will also allow building cooling with absorption chillers driven from recovered waste heat from the plant enabling up to 35% reduction in carbon emission.

D.Y. Patil School of Business – w/ Foster + Partners

Shanghai Bund Financial Center– w/ Thomas Heatherwick

Wroclaw Art Museum – w/ Holzer Kobler & NAU coop