World War IIWorld War II1939-19451939-1945

Preview and ProcessingPreview and Processing

1.1. Listen to the speech being given Listen to the speech being given by British Prime Minister Neville by British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain in 1938.Chamberlain in 1938.

2.2. What is he talking about?What is he talking about?

3.3. What does he believe that he What does he believe that he has achieved?has achieved?

4.4. What do you think about his What do you think about his willingness to negotiate?willingness to negotiate?

Munich ConferenceMunich Conference (9-29-1938)(9-29-1938)

• SudetenlandSudetenland• Prime Minister of Prime Minister of

GB=Neville GB=Neville ChamberlainChamberlain Ok to SUD. & Hitler Ok to SUD. & Hitler

promised to leave promised to leave Czechoslovakia aloneCzechoslovakia alone

““peace in our time”peace in our time”• 6 mos. Later Hitler took 6 mos. Later Hitler took

Czechoslovakia stating Czechoslovakia stating “Czechoslovakia has “Czechoslovakia has ceased to exist”ceased to exist”

War Begins: European ArenaWar Begins: European Arena April 28, 1939: wanted April 28, 1939: wanted

Polish Corridor= DanzigPolish Corridor= Danzig• GB &FR said they GB &FR said they

would defend Polandwould defend Poland• Nonaggression Pact: Nonaggression Pact:

GER & USSR pledge GER & USSR pledge not to attack ea. Othernot to attack ea. Other Stalin would share Stalin would share

territory taken over: territory taken over: Poland & Baltic Poland & Baltic nationsnations

2 front war avoided2 front war avoided

August 31, 1939August 31, 1939•GER soldiers dress in polish GER soldiers dress in polish

uniforms & pretended to seize a uniforms & pretended to seize a GER radio stationGER radio station

Sept. 1, 1939Sept. 1, 1939•Poland invaded by GER: 3 daysPoland invaded by GER: 3 days•Blitzkrieg: “lightening war” ( Civil Blitzkrieg: “lightening war” ( Civil

War in Spain: July 1936= War in Spain: July 1936= Francisco Franco=practice for Francisco Franco=practice for Hitler)Hitler)

•FR & GB declared warFR & GB declared war

Interactive Map: Pay close attention to the territory taken

by Hitler

Making the ConnectionMaking the Connection

Can you recite the correct order of Can you recite the correct order of territory given to or taken by Hitler territory given to or taken by Hitler from 1936 to Sept. 1, 1939?from 1936 to Sept. 1, 1939?

1.1. RhinelandRhineland

2.2. AustriaAustria

3.3. SudetenlandSudetenland

4.4. CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia

5.5. PolandPoland

ScandinaviaScandinavia• LuftwaffeLuftwaffe• Head WestHead West

GB Prime Minister Winston GB Prime Minister Winston Churchill:Churchill:

“ “I have nothing to offer but blood, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.”toil, tears and sweat.”

The Maginot Line

France: Maginot LineFrance: Maginot Line

• BelgiumBelgium

• Dunkirk: get GB’s Dunkirk: get GB’s soldiers out: 338,000soldiers out: 338,000

• Italy enter warItaly enter war

• June 16, 1940 Marshall June 16, 1940 Marshall Henri PetainHenri Petain

• June 22, 1940 FR divided:June 22, 1940 FR divided: N=GER controlN=GER control S= Vichy FRS= Vichy FR

• UndergroundUnderground Charles de GaulleCharles de Gaulle

GBGB• GER launched Operation Sea LionGER launched Operation Sea Lion• RAF: 700 planes; 1400 pilotsRAF: 700 planes; 1400 pilots• Radar: UltraRadar: Ultra• Battle of Britain: July 1940 (6 mos)Battle of Britain: July 1940 (6 mos)• RAF bombed Berlin: Hitler angry!RAF bombed Berlin: Hitler angry!

London: 300 to 600 killed a dayLondon: 300 to 600 killed a day 1,000 to 3,000 injured a day1,000 to 3,000 injured a day Hitler w/ drewHitler w/ drew

““Never was so much owed by so many to so few.” Never was so much owed by so many to so few.” ChurchillChurchill

The US responseThe US response

• Edward R. MurrowEdward R. Murrow• Cash and carryCash and carry• 1940 Selective Service Act1940 Selective Service Act• Arming merchant ships & using navy Arming merchant ships & using navy

to protect British shipsto protect British ships Undeclared naval war w/ GERUndeclared naval war w/ GER

Meanwhile in the USSR….Meanwhile in the USSR….

USSRUSSR

• June 22,1940: GER invadedJune 22,1940: GER invaded

• WinterWinter

Making the Connection

1. Why did Hitler decide to invade the USSR?

2. What factors will affect Germany’s success on the Eastern Front?

3. Why does Stalin hold a grudge against Hitler?

The Pacific The Pacific ArenaArena

JapanJapan• HirohitoHirohito• FDR: J not to take over ChinaFDR: J not to take over China• J went after US interest in Pacific J went after US interest in Pacific (i.e. Philippines)(i.e. Philippines)• FDR banned shipment of US fuel, scrap FDR banned shipment of US fuel, scrap

iron & steel to J iron & steel to J (embargo)(embargo)1.1. Pull out of China & admit defeatPull out of China & admit defeat2.2. Get needed material by going after Get needed material by going after

Indochina, Malaya & e. Indies wh/ = Indochina, Malaya & e. Indies wh/ = war w/ USwar w/ US

•J decided to attack 1J decided to attack 1stst

1.1.US not ready for warUS not ready for war

2.2.Member of Axis powersMember of Axis powers•Reasons what the US did not Reasons what the US did not think J would attackthink J would attackMagicMagicNegotiationsNegotiationsShallow H2O port / targetsShallow H2O port / targets

December 7, 1941December 7, 1941•Pacific FleetPacific Fleet•18 ships: 8 battleships18 ships: 8 battleships•2403 AM died2403 AM died•1,000+ wounded 1,000+ wounded •J 29 planes; 1 subJ 29 planes; 1 sub•FDR “A date which will live FDR “A date which will live

infamy.”infamy.”

• Yamamoto (Naval Yamamoto (Naval Commander) Commander) “ “I fear we have I fear we have

awakened a awakened a sleeping giant.”sleeping giant.”

Making the ConnectionMaking the Connection1.1. What do you think What do you think

Yamamoto meant?Yamamoto meant?2.2. What event did he What event did he

unknowingly unknowingly foreshadow?foreshadow?

January 1942: PhilippinesJanuary 1942: Philippines•Bataan Death MarchBataan Death March•5,000 miles N-S: 6,000 5,000 miles N-S: 6,000 miles E=Wmiles E=W

•Douglas MacArthur “I shall Douglas MacArthur “I shall return.”return.”

AlliesAllies

• Midway: Admiral Chester W. NimitzMidway: Admiral Chester W. Nimitz6-3-1942: 6-3-1942:

322 J planes, 322 J planes,

4 aircraft carriers, other ships4 aircraft carriers, other ships

• Island Hopping: Douglas MacArthurIsland Hopping: Douglas MacArthur

The War Coming to The War Coming to an Endan End

North AfricaNorth Africa

• Suez Canal: Mideast oil fieldsSuez Canal: Mideast oil fields

• GER General: Erwin Rommel: Desert FoxGER General: Erwin Rommel: Desert Fox

• GB General: Bernard MontgomeryGB General: Bernard Montgomery

• US General: Dwight D. EisenhowerUS General: Dwight D. EisenhowerOct. 1942: Rommel lost 60,000 Men, Oct. 1942: Rommel lost 60,000 Men,

500 tanks, 400 lg. artillery pieces in 1 500 tanks, 400 lg. artillery pieces in 1 weekweek

Battle of El AlameinBattle of El AlameinMay 1943= Allied victoryMay 1943= Allied victory

USSRUSSR

• GER there 2 yrsGER there 2 yrs

• Battle of Stalingrad August 1942Battle of Stalingrad August 1942House to house fightingHouse to house fightingGER in control then winter came againGER in control then winter came againGeorgi Zhukov: surrounded Stalingrad Georgi Zhukov: surrounded Stalingrad

& cut off supplies& cut off suppliesJan. 31, 1943 GER surrendered Jan. 31, 1943 GER surrendered

280,000-91,000280,000-91,000GER now on defensiveGER now on defensive

ItalyItaly

• July 9, 1943: SicilyJuly 9, 1943: Sicily

• Mussolini forced to resignMussolini forced to resign7-25-1943 arrested7-25-1943 arrestedPietro Badoglio: changed sidesPietro Badoglio: changed sidesGER occupied Italy GER occupied Italy (Mussolini executed: 4-28-(Mussolini executed: 4-28-1945)1945)

FranceFrance

• Dwight D. EisenhowerDwight D. Eisenhower

• 2 mil GB, US, Canadian w/ 1 mil 2 mil GB, US, Canadian w/ 1 mil “extra” for sea & air support“extra” for sea & air support

• Invasion of Normandy: D-DayInvasion of Normandy: D-DayJune 6, 1944June 6, 1944Lgest. Amphibious attack to dateLgest. Amphibious attack to date8-24-1944: Allies entered Paris8-24-1944: Allies entered Paris

GermanyGermany

• 2 front war2 front war

• Hitler Killed Hitler Killed himself 4-30-1945himself 4-30-1945

• May 7, 1945 war May 7, 1945 war over =V-E Dayover =V-E Day

US FDR died 4-12-US FDR died 4-12-1945: Harry S. 1945: Harry S. TrumanTruman

Making the Connection

1. Who were the Big Three?2. List the leaders that died in April of

1945.3. List the countries that experience a

change in leadership in 1945.4. Who took over after Winston

Churchill?Clement Atlee

JapanJapan

• Iwo Jima: OkinawaIwo Jima: Okinawa

• KamikazeKamikaze

• 8-6-1945: “Little Boy” 8-6-1945: “Little Boy” dropped on J City of dropped on J City of Hiroshima: 343,000 or Hiroshima: 343,000 or 2/3 of population 2/3 of population instantly vaporized. instantly vaporized. 80,000 due to heat many 80,000 due to heat many more in years to follow more in years to follow from radiation poisoning.from radiation poisoning.

• 8-9-1945: Nagasaki: 8-9-1945: Nagasaki: 40,000 killed40,000 killed

• 9-2-1945: Missouri=V-J 9-2-1945: Missouri=V-J DayDay

Effects of WWII on the United States and the

World

Effects of WWIIEffects of WWII 40 million deaths40 million deaths

•USSR lost 20 milUSSR lost 20 mil• Ger 4.2 milGer 4.2 mil• Poles 4.3 milPoles 4.3 mil• Chinese 2.2 milChinese 2.2 mil• Japan 2 milJapan 2 mil•US 291,000 killed; 670,000 US 291,000 killed; 670,000 woundedwounded

US changedUS changed• Production miracle:Production miracle:

296,000 planes 296,000 planes B-24 every hourB-24 every hour

• Women & minoritiesWomen & minorities 36% women in the wk force36% women in the wk force African-Americas w/ industry jobs: fought in African-Americas w/ industry jobs: fought in

WWII.WWII.• Japanese-Americans: 120,000Japanese-Americans: 120,000

Feb. 19, 1942: internment camps Feb. 19, 1942: internment camps • 2 day notice2 day notice• 20,000 enlisted20,000 enlisted• 1988 $20,000 tax free payment1988 $20,000 tax free payment

• US = world leadershipUS = world leadership

HolocaustHolocaust Heinrich Himmler: SS commanderHeinrich Himmler: SS commander

• mobile killing units 1.4 milmobile killing units 1.4 mil Ghettos: Polish JewsGhettos: Polish Jews

• i.e. Warsaw Ghetto: ½ mil: 10,000i.e. Warsaw Ghetto: ½ mil: 10,000 Death Death CampsCamps

• GenocideGenocide• 30 camps30 camps• Auschwitz: 1.75 mil; 6,500 a dayAuschwitz: 1.75 mil; 6,500 a day• Dachau & BuchenwaldDachau & Buchenwald• Postcards homePostcards home

Annihilation of the Jewish Population of Europe by Country:Country Est. Pre-War Jewish

PopulationEst. Jewish Population

AnnihilatedPercent Killed

Poland  3,300,000 3,000,000 90

Baltic Countries 253,000 228,000 90

Germany & Austria 240,000 228,000 90

Slovakia  90,000 75,000 83

Greece  70,000 54,000 77

Netherlands  140,000 105,000 75

Hungary  650,000 450,000 70

Ukrainian SSR 1,500,000 900,000 60

Belgium  65,000 40,000 60

Yugoslavia  43,000 26,000 60

Romania  600,000 300,000 50

Norway  2,173 890 41

France  350,000 90,000 26

Bulgaria  64,000 14,000 22

Italy  40,000 8,000 20

Luxembourg  5,000 1,000 20

Denmark  8,000 52 <1

Finland  2,000 22 <1

*Occupied Nations Shown in Red

ResistanceResistance• Christian neighbors helped Christian neighbors helped

hide many Jews hide many Jews • Raoul Wallenberg:Raoul Wallenberg: Swedish Swedish

diplomatdiplomat• Anne FrankAnne Frank• 13.5 mil. Of wh/ 6 mil were 13.5 mil. Of wh/ 6 mil were

JewsJews

Making the Connection

1. How did World War I set the stage for World War II?

2. What was the ultimate outcome of World War II?

3. How did the end of WWII create tension betw. the US and the USSR?

4. What is the official name given to the tension?

Interactive Map: Pay close attention to the

map and the beginning of the cold

war.