www.inl.gov traveling to the future: advanced and connected vehicle research at inl david gertman...
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www.inl.govTraveling to the Future: Advanced and Connected Vehicle Research at INL
David Gertman PhDINL Principal Investigator
Scott WoldDirector, Mission Support Services
66th Annual Missouri Traffic and Safety ConferenceMay 2015
Overview• INL• Mission Support Services• Advanced transportation research at INL• National transportation test range• Connected vehicle and human factors research• Heavy vehicle simulation – video clip• CRADA and partnering• Contact information
INL Mission Support Services
• Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has a strong focus on engineering and applied science. This focus has been used over the past 65 years to help reduce risks associated with research, design, development and deployment of new concepts of national importance. With this legacy in mind, INL’s Mission Support Services Division is driven to deploy more than $150 million of transportation-related federal assets in partnership with industry and academia to ensure the United States’ energy security and improve the safety and reliability of America’s transportation infrastructure.
INL transportation facility
INL Fossil Fuel Reduction Timeline • 2008 - Introduced B20 into fleet fueling in spring of 2008. Reduced to B10
during winter season due to fuel gelling. • 2009 – Expanded use of biodiesel and E85. Fossil fuel reductions resulted in
winning the 2010 “Lean, Clean, and Green” Presidential GreenGov award. • 2011 - Began collaborating with additive vendors to develop solution to fuel
gelling issues in sub-zero conditions and fuel tank algae growth issues during warmer weather. Implemented idle reduction campaign and began Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) on prompting driver behavior.
• 2012 –Solved gelling and algae issues and began operating with B20 year round. Began LDRD “Driver Behavior Simulation” testing.
• 2013 – Completed LDRD effort and converted three INL buses to dual-fuel (Natural Gas and Biodiesel) becoming the first fleet to:
– convert a full size motor coach, – convert vehicle with an automatic transmission,– use biodiesel as base fuel (essentially a “tri-fuel” conversion)
• 2014 – Developed concept of “INL Transportation Test Bed” to pursue further industry collaboration in areas of fossil fuel reduction and transportation safety.
INL Dual-Fuel Conversions
• In FY13, INL’s Mission Support Services initiated a project to investigate the feasibility of converting part or all of its bus fleet to dual-fuel (LNG-Biodiesel).
– Installed APG LNG conversion kits on three MCI coaches owned by INL.
– Additional six kits were purchased in April 2014. Installation scheduled in May.
• Six months of dual-fuel operations have resulted in a consistent 50% reduction in fossil fuel use for converted buses. Currently working with transmission manufacturer to further improve fuel economy.
Potential Fossil Fuel / GHG Reduction with NG
Unique INL Transportation Test Range Assets• Fleet of over 70 motor coaches, 400 light duty vehicles, including
electric vehicles, and over 600 pieces of heavy equipment• Controlled access highway• Master technicians and professional drivers• Human factors integration with ongoing efforts• DOE test range – third party Federal Agency• Capability to collect, analyze, and report on very large quantities of
data (EV testing)• Large cyber security group
• Industry partners – Motor Coach International, Bergstrom, Savari, Denso, Castle Rock, Vaisala
Advanced Vehicle Testing Experience
• Since 1994, INL staff have benchmarked plug in electric vehicles in field operations (via data loggers), closed test tracks and dynamometers
– INL has accumulated 232 million miles (373 million km) and 44,300 AC MWh from 27,400 electric drive vehicles and 17,000 charging units
Example: EV Project
• 8,228 Leafs, Volts and Smarts,– 124 million test miles.– At one point, 1 million test
miles every 5 days• 12,363 EVSE and DCFC
– 4.2 million charge events
Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (EVI) Laboratory• Evaluate Conductive and Wireless Charging Systems
– Efficiency and energy consumption– EM field emissions (wireless charging only)– Power Quality (static and dynamic)
• Total Harmonic Distortion• Power Factor
– Cyber Security Assessment
• Wide range of power– Level 1, 120 VAC– Level 2, 208 / 240 VAC– DCFC, 480 VAC 3f– Variable voltage source
• Grid Emulator
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Human Factors and Connected Vehicles• Why HF research is necessary (US DOT)
– Counteract visual distraction, cognitive distraction, and manual distraction (hands off the wheel) associated with system generated messages and changes in driving roles
– Competing stimuli from wireless communication have the potential to create greater driver workload
– Need exists to:– Reduce complexity– Monitor driver attention– Develop metrics for distraction
mitigation– Perform strategic outreach
• http://www.its.dot.gov/connected_vehicle/connected_vehicle_humanfactors_plan.htm
HVS Video • Driving the bus…….
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8uIO10Hk09E&feature=youtu.be
Overall INL CV Perspective• Improve INL site safety and efficiency• Facilitate trusted applications and transactions between drivers and
fixed and mobile wireless systems.• Provide a real world operational test bed including supporting vehicles
and infrastructure to support CV and autonomous vehicle e• Meet requirements for safety and efficiency.
INL Human Factors in Support of Connected Vehicle Research• Design Support – Capture functional, behavioral,
and information perspectives for travelers, test scenarios, and test different display concepts:
– Simulation for human performance data collection
– Task Analysis, Functional Allocation– Field data collection– Model building with data-driver efficiency– Debrief and Survey
Driver Efficiency Prompting Results
Industry, State, and Academia Outreach
• Completed internal INL LDRD on Driver Efficiency
– Collaboration with industry (MCI) and academia (University of Idaho Departments for Computer Science and Human Factors)
– Resulting paper (“Driving Behavior Prompting Framework for Improving Fuel Efficiency) will be presented in June 2015 at International Conference on Human Systems Interaction in Gdansk Poland.
– MCI donated over $100k of material to INL for further driver efficiency simulator research at the Center for Advanced Energy Studies (CAES)
• Collaborative ventures – Idaho Transportation Department – University of Idaho– Virginia Commonwealth University– University of Missouri, Columbia– Prototype testing
Current and Future Research Direction• Execute current INL-IT CRADA connected vehicle research.
– Emphasis is on mobile and fixed weather information integration, signal phase and timing, animal warning systems.
• Continued motor coach conversion in support of fuel efficiency• Test of human factors display concepts in the heavy vehicle simulator
and controlled field tests.• Additional academic and industry partners• Continued support of student interns and faculty
FY15-16 INL-ITD CRADA endeavors• Road Grip/Thermal Mapping of Bus Routes. Winter travel in eastern Idaho can be
treacherous due to slick roads and limited visibility.
• Dash Camera Snapshots. Forward looking video cameras will also be installed on selected buses and snowplows to monitor the road and weather conditions. Periodic snapshots from these cameras will be added to the road grip/thermal mapping display.
• Snowplow data Upload. ITD currently collects snowplow controller data on board and uses WiFi communications at the maintenance sheds to upload the operational history performed by the driver.
• Vehicle to Vehicle Applications. Buses, snowplows and light vehicles will be equipped with DSRC radio communications that will provide frequent exchanges of the basic safety messages (BSM) among the vehicles, which will contains vehicle position, speed, trajectory, and other data.
• Signal phase and timing. Coordinate with City of Idaho Falls and ITD. Traveling wave for snow plows
• Team with ITD and others to pursue Grant opportunities.
