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General Parasitology

Zoology 4104

Matthew Bolek, LSW 415 bolek@okstate.edu

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Introduction to Parasitology

Each animal is a host of many parasites; thus,there are far more parasitic organisms on earth

than there are nonparasitic organisms.

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Introduction to Parasitology

Each animal is a host of many parasites; thus, there arefar more parasitic organisms on earth than there arenonparasitic organisms.

It has been estimated that more than 50% of allliving plants and animals are parasitic at some

stage during their life cycle.

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Introduction to Parasitology

In this course we will concentrate on 3 majorgroups of parasites:

1. Protozoa- flagellates, amebas, malarialorganisms

2. Helminths - parasitic worms such as the flukes,

tapeworms, and roundworms

3. Arthropods - insects and arachnids that areectoparasites and carriers (vectors) of diseases

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Protozoa!

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Helminths!

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Arthropods!

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Why do we study parasites?

Parasites provide unique examples of biological phenomena not found in free-

living organisms.

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Why do we study parasites?

Parasites provide unique examples of biological phenomena not found in free-

living organisms. Medical Importance

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Why do we study parasites?

Parasites provide unique examples of biological phenomena not found in free-

living organisms. Medical Importance

Veterinary Importance

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Why do we study parasites?

Parasites provide unique examples of biological phenomena not found in free-

living organisms. Medical Importance

Veterinary Importance

Economic Importance

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Medical Importance of Parasites

Humans are hosts to many species of parasites.

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Medical Importance of Parasites

Humans are hosts to many species of parasites.

Many of these parasites are causative agents

of major public health problems of theworld.

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Ascaris 1.3 billionHookworms 1.3 billionWhipworms 1 billionFilarial worms 657 millionMalaria 500 millionSchistosomes 270 millionAmebiasis 50 millionTaeniad tapeworms 50 millionClonorchis

20 millionChagas Disease 15 million

These parasites cause untold suffering and deathin the world today.

Recent estimates of the number of peopleinfected with parasites in the world are:

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Examples of Medical Importance

in the World

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Examples of Medical Importance

in the World The life expectancy of an Egyptian is in the

mid-40's due to Schistosomes.

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Examples of Medical Importance

in the World The life expectancy of an Egyptian is in the mid-40's

due to Schistosomes.

15 million children in the world will die thisyear from a combination of malnutrition andparasites.

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Examples of Medical Importance

in the World The life expectancy of an Egyptian is in the mid-40's

due to Schistosomes. 15 million children in the world will die this year from

a combination of malnutrition and parasites. Over 1 million African children will die this

year from the effects of malaria.

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Examples of Medical Importance

in the World The life expectancy of an Egyptian is in the mid-40's

due to Schistosomes. 15 million children in the world will die this year from

a combination of malnutrition and parasites. Over 1 million African children will die this year from

the effects of malaria.

Many cases of plague, transmitted byfleas, still occur throughout the world.

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Examples of Medical Importance

in the U.S. We in the comfort of the U.S. are not

immune from parasites.

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Common parasitic diseases in the

U.S. include:

Pinworms Giardiasis Dog roundworms Ticks

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Importation of Parasites from

Tropics to the U.S. Movement of persons from all areas of

the world have introduced parasitic

diseases into the U.S.

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Importation of Parasites from

Tropics to the U.S. Movement of persons from all areas of

the world have introduced parasitic

diseases into the U.S. Numerous cases of malaria are brought back by

vacationers from the tropics. Service personnel are often employed in

areas endemic with many parasites.

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Importation of Parasites from

Tropics to the U.S. Movement of persons from all areas of

the world have introduced parasitic

diseases into the U.S. Numerous cases of malaria are brought back by

vacationers from the tropics. Service personnel are often employed in areas

endemic with many parasites. Many immigrants have brought their

parasites with them.

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Veterinary Importance of

Parasites

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Veterinary Importance of

Parasites In Africa, cattle cannot be raised in an area

equal to that of the U.S. due to trypanosoms.

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Veterinary Importance of

Parasites In Africa, cattle cannot be raised in an area equal to

that of the U.S. due to trypanosoms.

A poultry farmer can be wiped out by coccidia.

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Veterinary Importance of

Parasites In Africa, cattle cannot be raised in an area equal to

that of the U.S. due to trypanosoms. A poultry farmer can be wiped out by coccidia.

Cattle, pigs, and sheep infected with parasitesfail to gain weight and may not reproduce.

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Veterinary Importance of

Parasites In Africa, cattle cannot be raised in an area equal to

that of the U.S. due to trypanosoms. A poultry farmer can be wiped out by coccidia. Cattle, pigs, and sheep infected with parasites fail to

gain weight and may not reproduce.

Dogs may become infected with heartworm anddie if untreated.

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Veterinary Importance of

Parasites In Africa, cattle cannot be raised in an area equal to that of the

U.S. due to trypanosoms. A poultry farmer can be wiped out by coccidia. Cattle, pigs, and sheep infected with parasites fail to gain weight

and may not reproduce. Dogs may become infected with heartworm and die if

untreated.

Cats are infected by many species of protozoans and helminths.