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ATTRACTION

IN THE LABPROF IHAB YOUNIS

It is the woman who chooses the man who will choose her

Paul Géraldy (1885-1983)

I. PHYSIQUE

• Women prefer more masculine-faced men (arrow) around ovulation

• Women prefer feminine-faced men when judging the attractiveness of men’s faces for a long term relationships

Conway CA et al, Br J Psychol, 2010

Attractive female faces:

• The vertical distance between the eyes and the mouth was approximately 36 % of the face's length

• The horizontal distance between the eyes was approximately 46 % of the face's width

Pallett P, et al., Vision Research, 2009

• Women prefer males with broad shoulders and average waist-to-hip ratio 0.9, which forms a “V” shape

Dijkstra P & Buunk A, Evol Hum Behav, 2001

• In women a

waist-to-hip ratio

of 0.7 is the

most physically

attractive Braun MF& Bryan A, J Soc

Person Relation,2006

• In USA Women rate men with no body hair as most attractive, and that attractiveness ratings decline as hair increases

Dixson BJ, et al, Arch Sex Behav , 2010

• The same authors

found that moderate

amounts of trunk hair

on men was most

attractive, to the sample

of British and Sri Lankan women Dixson BJ, et al, Am J Hum Biol, 2007

• Men have been found to prefer long-haired women

Buss D, The handbook of evolutionary psychology , 2005

• Women are more

attracted to men with a

darker complexion as

they seem virile and

brooding

Baumann S, Poetics, 2008

• women often prefer

men taller than they

are, rather than a

man with above

average height

Sear R& Marlowe FW , Biol. Lett. 5 (5): 606–9, 2009

• Most men prefer

shorter women &

tend to view taller

women as less

attractive

Scar, R., Human Nature Winter, 2006

“It is the end, I’ve grown &

you have not”

• Men are more attracted to fairer-skinned women as they appear innocent and pure

 Baumann S, Poetics, 2008

II.SCENT

• Pheromones are chemicals secreted by an animal that influence the behavior or development of other members of the same species. Queen bees, for example, give off a pheromone that prevents other females in the hive from becoming sexually mature

• Women provided samples of natural body odor just before ovulation and on a low-fertility cycle day

• Men preferred the scent of odors collected just prior to ovulation

Gildersleeve KA et al, Hormones behav, 2011

• Exposure to male perspiration pheromones can

brighten women's

moods, reduce

tension and

increase

relaxation, and

also has a direct effect on the release of LH

Preti et al, Biol reprod, 2003

• Men were rated more attractive when assessed by women who had been

exposed to androstadienone by applying either placebo or androstadienone in sufficient quantities

to saturate the area of skin

between

mouth&

nose

Saxton TK et al,

Horm Behav, 2008 Size 1oz

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III-SOCIOLOGY

• Similarity (like-attracts-like) Individuals who share similar level of

attractiveness are likely to form long term relationships

Folkes VS, Person Soc Psychol Bullt, 1982

• Exposure effect

The more we are exposed to something, the more we come to like it

Miller R, et al, Intimate Relationships , 2006

• Complimentary

Studies show that complementary interaction between two partners increases their

attractiveness to

each other

Nowicki S & Manheim S, J Res Persona, 1991

• Social and cultural background

People prefer their romantic partners to be similar in certain demographic characteristics, including

religious background,

political orientation

& socio-economic

status Buss D. M.&Barnes M, J Person

Soc Psychol, 1986

Comedy

• A woman is attracted to a man who makes her laugh

• A man likes a woman who laughs at his jokes

Bressler E, Ph D thesis, Psychology&

Neuroscience Dept,McMaster univ.,2005

WHY?

• These preferences may be a consequence of ancestral humans who selected partners based on general

indicators of fitness

which allowed for

greater reproductive

success as a result

of higher fertility in

those partners Little, A. C et al , Behav Ecol Sociobiol, 2006

• The “Golden Ratio” is the ratio of the larger segment, AB, of line AC to the smaller segment BC of the line AC

• It was used by ancient Egyptians

&Greeks and many artists• Attractive faces may have

dimensions that follow the “Golden Ratio”

Fett B, TMME, 2006

A B C

• In short-term relations, women prefer more masculine faces at peak fertility of the menstrual cycle to enhance her offspring's quality

• But for marriage, preference is for feminine faces.

Men with masculine faces have higher circulating testosterone levels which are linked to aggressiveness and lower levels of attachment in relationships

Little AC & Jones BC,

Psychoneuroendocrinology,2011

• People in the ideal hip-ratio range, regardless of weight, are less susceptible to disease such as cardiovascular disorders

Vaidya D, et al, Int J Obes (Lond), 2012

• Women in this range also have less difficulty conceiving http://www.livescience.com/7023-rules-attraction-game-love.html

Men may prefer women with larger breast because these women with tend to have higher levels of estradiol and progesterone, which both promote fertility

Jasienska G et al, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , 2004

• Male body odor(produced by androstenone) is usually perceived as unattractive and unpleasant by women

• This evaluation changes during ovulation and androstenone becomes less aversive

Kohl JV et al, Neuroendocrinol Let, 2001

• During ovulation there is an increase in T levels of human males, ie, somehow, the female was signaling the male that she had ovulated, and that he responded

• Increased T may lead to increased intercourse

Morris NM, et al, Arch Sex Behav, 1987

• Women and men were typed for their HLA-A, -B and –DR

• Women were asked to

rate the odors of T-shirts

worn by the men for 3 days• Women scored male body

odors as more pleasant

when these men had a

different MHC than when

they were more similar

• This difference in

odor assessment

was reversed when

the women rating

the odors were

taking oral

contraceptives

• This suggests that

the MHC or linked

genes influence human mate choice Wedekind C, Proc. R. Sac. Land. B , 1995