08theory analysis and evaluation - tmu
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Microsoft PowerPoint - 08Theory analysis and evaluation.pptxTHEORY
ANALYSIS AND EVALUATIONEVALUATION
B Y F C Ch RN PhDBy Yann-Fen C. Chao, RN, PhD
THEORY DEVELOPMENT
• synthesis • derive
• derive • analysis
F statement
Concept sta sta
CONCEPT G Concept E
SIX STEPS IN THEORY ANALYSIS identify the origins of the theory
its initial development i th i f th thexamine the meaning of the theory
the theory’s concepts and how they relate to each other. Careful examination of the specific language used by the
i i l th i t original theorist. analyze the logical adequacy of the theory
the logical structure of the concepts and statements i d d t f th i i independent of their meaning
determine the usefulness of the theory how practical and helpful the theory is to the discipline in
idi f d t di di t bl t providing a sense of understanding or predictable outcomes. define the degree of generalizability and the parsimony of the theory
how simply and briefly a theory can be stated while still being complete in its explanation of the phenomenon in question
determine the testability of the theory. whether the theory can be supported by empirical data
BAMUM‘S THEORY ANALYSISBAMUM S THEORY ANALYSIS
Internal criticism How theory components fit with each other
Criteria Cl it t d t dClarity: easy to understand
Denotative meaning vs. connotative meaning Consistencyy Adequacy
Its prescriptions are extensive enough to cover the scope claimed by the authorclaimed by the author
Logical development A conclusion be warranted based on its premises.
L l f h d lLevel of theory development The level which a theory reaches the stage in which purposeful nursing intervention can be derived, leading to
di t bl ti t tpredictable patient outcomes.
BAMUM‘S THEORY ANALYSISBAMUM S THEORY ANALYSIS
External criticism It relates to the real world of man, nursing, and health
Criteria R li Reality convergence
The basic premises of a theory are accepted or rejected The theorist’s perceptions of the nursing world conform with the readers. The agreement or disagreement of the method
Utility (usefulness)y ( ) Significance (address essential issues) Capacity of discrimination (nursing from other health professions)professions)
Other criteria Scope and complexity
THE TRENDS OF CRITERIA IN EVALUATING A THEORY BY MELEIS
Th i d ib d l d d t t dTheories are described, analyzed, and tested There are internal, and external criteria for evaluating theories The internal descriptive criteria include assumptions, concepts, relationships and definitionsrelationships, and definitions The internal criteria include some areas of agreement, such as consistency, clarity, and logical development Evaluation criteria consider the fit between the theory and Evaluation criteria consider the fit between the theory and external criteria (human beings, society, prevailing paradigms) and not only the intrinsic criteria A more accepting attitude has evolved toward a shift from the A more accepting attitude has evolved toward a shift from the rigor of empiricism to the more realistic rigor of potential for testability There is wider acknowledgement of the complexity of evaluation There is wider acknowledgement of the complexity of evaluation criteria (the two sides of simplicity, the many meaning of complexity. Etc) and therefore, wider acceptance of multiple criteria. There is less prejudice toward descriptive theories.
MELEIS’S MODEL OF THEORIES EVALUATION
analysis
Th
Structure components Assumptions Concepts Propositions: existence or relational Propositions: existence or relational
Reversible, stochastic vs. deterministic, sequential or coexisting, sufficient vs. contingent, and necessary vs substitutablevs.substitutable
Functional components Focus (the purpose) Th d fi i i f Cli i h l h The definition of Clients, nursing, health, environment Nursing-patient interactionNursing patient interaction Nursing problems Nursing therapeutics
THEORY ANALYSESTHEORY ANALYSES
Concepts Diff ti ti f thDifferentiation from others
Theories The theorist The paradigmatic origins Internal dimension
The rationale on which the theory is builty System of relations:
Monadic: focus of attributes and properties of the phenomena field approach: focus on the relationships between the phenomena
C f Content of the theory: macro vs. micro Theory beginning: deductive vs. inductive Scope continuum: grand vs. single-domain G l i t tGoal: intent Context Abstractness Method: dialectical vs logical problem theories vs operational Method: dialectical vs. logical, problem theories vs. operational theories
THEORY CRITIQUETHEORY CRITIQUE
Clarity, consistency, simplicity/complexity Diagram of theoryDiagram of theory
Logical presentation Circle of contagiousness
fUsefulness Practice, research, education, administration
External componentsExternal components Personal values Congruent with other professional values Congruence with social values Social significance
THEORY TESTINGTHEORY TESTING
Testing the utility of nursing theory T i i i f h di i liTesting propositions from other disciplines Testing propositions from other disciplines as h l d ithey related to nursing
Testing nursing concepts D l i lid d li bl i Developing valid and reliable measuring instrument
Testing nursing propositionsTesting nursing propositions Existence propositions Predictive propositionsPredictive propositions Prescriptive propositions (evaluating effectiveness)
Testing through interpretations
ANALYZING AND EVALUATING A NURSINGANALYZING AND EVALUATING A NURSING MODEL DESCRIBES BY FAWCETT
A l iAnalysis Origins Unique focusUnique focus Content
EvaluationEvaluation Explication of origins Comprehensiveness of content Logic congruence Generation of theory C dibilit i l tilit g ig ifiCredibility: social utility, congruence, significance Contributions to the discipline
ANALYZING AND EVALUATING A NURSING THEORY DESCRIBES BY FAWCETT
Analysis Theory scope Theory contextTheory context Theory content
Evaluation Si ifiSignificance Internal consistency Parsimonyy Testability Empirical adequacy Pragmatic adequacyPragmatic adequacy
VS. VS.
• synthesis • derive
• derive • analysis
Concept • analysis Theory
SIX STEPS IN THEORY ANALYSIS identify the origins of the theory
its initial development i th i f th thexamine the meaning of the theory
the theory’s concepts and how they relate to each other. Careful examination of the specific language used by the
i i l th i t original theorist. analyze the logical adequacy of the theory
the logical structure of the concepts and statements i d d t f th i i independent of their meaning
determine the usefulness of the theory how practical and helpful the theory is to the discipline in
idi f d t di di t bl t providing a sense of understanding or predictable outcomes. define the degree of generalizability and the parsimony of the theory
how simply and briefly a theory can be stated while still being complete in its explanation of the phenomenon in question
determine the testability of the theory. whether the theory can be supported by empirical data
2010/2 200
B Y F C Ch RN PhDBy Yann-Fen C. Chao, RN, PhD
THEORY DEVELOPMENT
• synthesis • derive
• derive • analysis
F statement
Concept sta sta
CONCEPT G Concept E
SIX STEPS IN THEORY ANALYSIS identify the origins of the theory
its initial development i th i f th thexamine the meaning of the theory
the theory’s concepts and how they relate to each other. Careful examination of the specific language used by the
i i l th i t original theorist. analyze the logical adequacy of the theory
the logical structure of the concepts and statements i d d t f th i i independent of their meaning
determine the usefulness of the theory how practical and helpful the theory is to the discipline in
idi f d t di di t bl t providing a sense of understanding or predictable outcomes. define the degree of generalizability and the parsimony of the theory
how simply and briefly a theory can be stated while still being complete in its explanation of the phenomenon in question
determine the testability of the theory. whether the theory can be supported by empirical data
BAMUM‘S THEORY ANALYSISBAMUM S THEORY ANALYSIS
Internal criticism How theory components fit with each other
Criteria Cl it t d t dClarity: easy to understand
Denotative meaning vs. connotative meaning Consistencyy Adequacy
Its prescriptions are extensive enough to cover the scope claimed by the authorclaimed by the author
Logical development A conclusion be warranted based on its premises.
L l f h d lLevel of theory development The level which a theory reaches the stage in which purposeful nursing intervention can be derived, leading to
di t bl ti t tpredictable patient outcomes.
BAMUM‘S THEORY ANALYSISBAMUM S THEORY ANALYSIS
External criticism It relates to the real world of man, nursing, and health
Criteria R li Reality convergence
The basic premises of a theory are accepted or rejected The theorist’s perceptions of the nursing world conform with the readers. The agreement or disagreement of the method
Utility (usefulness)y ( ) Significance (address essential issues) Capacity of discrimination (nursing from other health professions)professions)
Other criteria Scope and complexity
THE TRENDS OF CRITERIA IN EVALUATING A THEORY BY MELEIS
Th i d ib d l d d t t dTheories are described, analyzed, and tested There are internal, and external criteria for evaluating theories The internal descriptive criteria include assumptions, concepts, relationships and definitionsrelationships, and definitions The internal criteria include some areas of agreement, such as consistency, clarity, and logical development Evaluation criteria consider the fit between the theory and Evaluation criteria consider the fit between the theory and external criteria (human beings, society, prevailing paradigms) and not only the intrinsic criteria A more accepting attitude has evolved toward a shift from the A more accepting attitude has evolved toward a shift from the rigor of empiricism to the more realistic rigor of potential for testability There is wider acknowledgement of the complexity of evaluation There is wider acknowledgement of the complexity of evaluation criteria (the two sides of simplicity, the many meaning of complexity. Etc) and therefore, wider acceptance of multiple criteria. There is less prejudice toward descriptive theories.
MELEIS’S MODEL OF THEORIES EVALUATION
analysis
Th
Structure components Assumptions Concepts Propositions: existence or relational Propositions: existence or relational
Reversible, stochastic vs. deterministic, sequential or coexisting, sufficient vs. contingent, and necessary vs substitutablevs.substitutable
Functional components Focus (the purpose) Th d fi i i f Cli i h l h The definition of Clients, nursing, health, environment Nursing-patient interactionNursing patient interaction Nursing problems Nursing therapeutics
THEORY ANALYSESTHEORY ANALYSES
Concepts Diff ti ti f thDifferentiation from others
Theories The theorist The paradigmatic origins Internal dimension
The rationale on which the theory is builty System of relations:
Monadic: focus of attributes and properties of the phenomena field approach: focus on the relationships between the phenomena
C f Content of the theory: macro vs. micro Theory beginning: deductive vs. inductive Scope continuum: grand vs. single-domain G l i t tGoal: intent Context Abstractness Method: dialectical vs logical problem theories vs operational Method: dialectical vs. logical, problem theories vs. operational theories
THEORY CRITIQUETHEORY CRITIQUE
Clarity, consistency, simplicity/complexity Diagram of theoryDiagram of theory
Logical presentation Circle of contagiousness
fUsefulness Practice, research, education, administration
External componentsExternal components Personal values Congruent with other professional values Congruence with social values Social significance
THEORY TESTINGTHEORY TESTING
Testing the utility of nursing theory T i i i f h di i liTesting propositions from other disciplines Testing propositions from other disciplines as h l d ithey related to nursing
Testing nursing concepts D l i lid d li bl i Developing valid and reliable measuring instrument
Testing nursing propositionsTesting nursing propositions Existence propositions Predictive propositionsPredictive propositions Prescriptive propositions (evaluating effectiveness)
Testing through interpretations
ANALYZING AND EVALUATING A NURSINGANALYZING AND EVALUATING A NURSING MODEL DESCRIBES BY FAWCETT
A l iAnalysis Origins Unique focusUnique focus Content
EvaluationEvaluation Explication of origins Comprehensiveness of content Logic congruence Generation of theory C dibilit i l tilit g ig ifiCredibility: social utility, congruence, significance Contributions to the discipline
ANALYZING AND EVALUATING A NURSING THEORY DESCRIBES BY FAWCETT
Analysis Theory scope Theory contextTheory context Theory content
Evaluation Si ifiSignificance Internal consistency Parsimonyy Testability Empirical adequacy Pragmatic adequacyPragmatic adequacy
VS. VS.
• synthesis • derive
• derive • analysis
Concept • analysis Theory
SIX STEPS IN THEORY ANALYSIS identify the origins of the theory
its initial development i th i f th thexamine the meaning of the theory
the theory’s concepts and how they relate to each other. Careful examination of the specific language used by the
i i l th i t original theorist. analyze the logical adequacy of the theory
the logical structure of the concepts and statements i d d t f th i i independent of their meaning
determine the usefulness of the theory how practical and helpful the theory is to the discipline in
idi f d t di di t bl t providing a sense of understanding or predictable outcomes. define the degree of generalizability and the parsimony of the theory
how simply and briefly a theory can be stated while still being complete in its explanation of the phenomenon in question
determine the testability of the theory. whether the theory can be supported by empirical data
2010/2 200