12-1 Vocabulary12-1 Vocabulary

Fellahin –Fellahin – Peasant farmers of Egypt who rent small plots of land Peasant farmers of Egypt who rent small plots of land

Phosphate -Phosphate - Chemical salt used to make fertilizerChemical salt used to make fertilizer

Dictatorship –Dictatorship – Form of government in which a leader rules by force and Form of government in which a leader rules by force and

typically limits citizen’s freedomstypically limits citizen’s freedoms

Trade Sanction-Trade Sanction- Step taken to cut off trade with a country to show opposition Step taken to cut off trade with a country to show opposition

to its government’s actionsto its government’s actions

Casbah -Casbah - Folder section of Algerian citiesFolder section of Algerian cities

12-1 Vocabulary12-1 Vocabulary

Civil War -Civil War - Fight between opposing groups for control of a country’s Fight between opposing groups for control of a country’s

governmentgovernment

Constitutional Monarchy -Constitutional Monarchy - Form of government in which a monarch is the head of state Form of government in which a monarch is the head of state

but elected officials run the governmentbut elected officials run the government

12-2 Vocabulary12-2 Vocabulary

Secular –Secular – NonreligiousNonreligious

Bedouin -Bedouin - Nomadic desert people of the Southwest Asia who follow a Nomadic desert people of the Southwest Asia who follow a

traditional way of lifetraditional way of life

Kibbutz –Kibbutz – Settlement in Israel where settlers share all their property and Settlement in Israel where settlers share all their property and

make goods as well as carry out farming make goods as well as carry out farming

Moshav-Moshav- Settlement in Israel in which people share in farming, Settlement in Israel in which people share in farming,

production, and selling, but each person is allowed own some production, and selling, but each person is allowed own some private property as wellprivate property as well

Clan -Clan - Large group of people who have a common ancestor in the Large group of people who have a common ancestor in the

far pastfar past

12-2 Vocabulary12-2 Vocabulary

Alluvial Plain –Alluvial Plain – Area built up rich fertile soil left by river floodsArea built up rich fertile soil left by river floods

Embargo -Embargo - Ban on trade with a particular countryBan on trade with a particular country

Chapter Notes 12-1 (N. Africa)

I. Egypt – large deserts cover the land and people live within 20 miles of the ___________.

A. It is a developing economy in which 1/3 of the people _________.

B. The ___________ High Dam controls the flooding of the Nile R.

C. Egypt’s main energy source is ________ and phosphates.

D. Nearly 11 million live in the capital of ____________.

E. Egyptians and Europeans built the ____________ Canal.

II. Libya - 90% of it is covered by the ___________ Desert. (aquifers)

A. ____ has brought great wealth and money is used for infrastructure.

B. Almost all of the people are mixed ____________ and Berber.

C. Once rule by a _________, Muammar al-Qaddafi, now democratic.

Nile

farm

Aswan

oil

Cairo

Suez

Sahara

Oil

Arab

dictatorship

III. The _________ - region made up of Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco.

A.___________is North Africa’s smallest country and its largest city is Tunis (1 million).

B.___________ is North Africa’s largest country. In 1962, Algeria gained independence from France and today is a republic.

C.Morocco is the leading producer of __________ and is a constitutional monarchy.

Chapter Notes 12-2 (SW Asia) Eastern Mediterranean

I. Turkey - it bridges the continents of _______ and Europe.

A.The Sea of Marmara, Bosporus, and Dardanelles make up the Turkish __________.

B.Turkey has the largest _____________ in SW Asia. (70% urban)

C.The largest city and economic center is ____________.

Maghreb

Tunisia

Algeria

phosphates

Asia

Straits

population

Istanbul

D. Turkey was once the heart of the __________ Empire.

E. The _________ are an ethnic group who have demanded their own independent state (country).

II. _________- The land consists of fertile coastal plains and valleys.

A. _____________ is Syria’s main economic activity.

B. Most of the people live in ______ areas and grow cotton and wheat.

C. __________, the capital, was founded 4,000 years ago as a trading center.

D. It is a ____________ government that restricts political freedoms.

III. ____________- is half the size of New Jersey.

A. Most people live and work in the capital, _____________.

B. Civil War between Arab ___________ and Christians has destroyed the country.

Ottoman

Kurds

Syria

Agriculture

rural

Damascus

one-party

Lebanon

Beirut

Muslims

IV. __________- lacks both water and energy resources.

A. Most work in service/manufacturing industries in _______. (capital)

B. Most of Jordan’s people are __________ Muslims.

C.It now has a _____________ monarchy led by King Hussein I.

V. _____________– lies west of Jordan, on the Mediterranean Sea

A.In 1948, Israel became a ____________ republic.

B.It has a developed economy that produces ___________ equipment.

C.Advanced _______ systems help grow fruits/vegetables and cotton.

D. Israelis live in ________ settlements called kibbutz and moshav.

E.80% of Israel’s people are ___________ and the other 20% are Palestinians who are Muslims.

F.This has led to serious disputes between Israel and ___________ Arabs.

Jordan

Amman

Arab

constitutional

Israel

Jewish

high-tech

irrigation

farm

Jewish

Muslim

12-2 Chapter Notes (The Arabian Peninsula)

I. Saudi Arabia - is the ___________ country in SW Asia.

A.Its covered by vast deserts with ____ rivers or permanent bodies of water.

B.Saudi Arabia holds about ____% of the world’s oil and belongs to OPEC. Oil has given them a high standard of living.

C.The capital and largest city is Riyadh and Islam’s holiest city is Makah (Mecca). Country ruled by a __________.

II.Persian Gulf Countries

A.Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and the UAE are located on the _________ Gulf.

B.All export ______ and use the money to build their economies.

C.________, al large port is a financial and tourist center in the UAE.

largest

no

25

monarchy

Persian

oil

Dubai

12-2 Chapter Notes (Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan)

I. ______- has 2 major rivers: the Tigris and Euphrates, between them is the alluvial plain, most of its farming takes place here.

A. ______ is the country’s major export.

B. About _____% of Iraq’s 23 million live in urban areas.

C. Muslim Arabs make up the largest group and the ________, the second largest group want to form their own country.

D. Saddam __________ was the last dictator to be overthrown by the U.S. Iraq is a democracy today.

II. ________- is an oil-rich nation that has limited water supplies

A. Most Iranians are not Arabs, but __________ or Azeri.

B. Its ruled by a ______ republic that forbids many western customs.

Iraq

Oil

70

Kurds

Hussein

Iran

Persians

Islamic

III. ____________- is a mountainous, landlocked country

A. ________ Pass is a major trade route through the Hindu Kush Mts.

B.It is made up of many _______ groups: Pashtuns and Tajiks (main)

C.In October 2001, the U.S. invaded and overthrew the terrorist-supporting __________ government. It’s a democracy today.

Afghanistan

Khyber

ethnic

Taliban