2018 ijrar december 2018, volume 5, issue 4 e -issn 2348

© 2018 IJRAR December 2018, Volume 5, Issue 4 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138)

IJRAR1905214 International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR) www.ijrar.org 840

PLANNING OF BASIC PEDESTRIAN

FACILITIES AT UNSIGNALLISED

INTERSECTIONS IN INDORE CITY 1Chinmayee Ray, 2Rakesh Verma, 3Santu Nath

1M.Tech Student, 2Assistant Professor, 3M.Tech Student 1Civil Engineering Department,

1SVVV-SVITS, Indore, India

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Abstract: A pedestrian usually refers to someone walking on a road or pavement. Crosswalks are designed to allow the pedestrians

to cross the road most safely across the flow of vehicular traffic. The lack of pedestrian facilities is a major problem faced by most

Indian cities. The use of automobile in India has altered the way in which transportation systems are designed and constructed, often

at the expense of pedestrians leading to neglecting of pedestrian facilities. This directly affects the pedestrian’s safety and comforts.

This study attempts to understand the perception of pedestrians in two different scenarios. One is, presence of crosswalks at

unsignalized intersection and an extent to which it is used, and the other is the absence of crosswalks and its extreme need at an

unsignalized intersection. The intersection having crosswalks is being neglected and is rarely used by the pedestrians’ .The

intersection without crosswalks, shows that a large number of pedestrians face so many problems while walking and crossing the

road. This study deals with the need of pedestrian facilities in unsignalized intersections and an extent to which existing crosswalks

are being used in present scenario which would greatly reduce pedestrian crashes in future.

Index Terms - Pedestrian, Pedestrian facilities, Existing crosswalks, Unsignalized Intersection

I. INTRODUCTION

Walking is an important mode of transportation. An important consideration that has to be given utmost importance is while

designing Non-Motorized transport planning, the infrastructure for pedestrians, cyclist and all types of non-motorized vehicles in

developing countries are ignored which is an important consideration in today's scenario. Study of this problem is important for safe

and effective transportation system. The planning of pedestrian facilities and NMV Transport System in urban area helps in

decreasing the accidents on road, improving air-quality and reducing the noise level in urban area.

In urban centers, pedestrian flows can be significant, and they must be accommodated in planning and design of traffic

facilities and controls. Pedestrian safety is also a major issue, as the pedestrian is at a visible disadvantage where potential

pedestrian-vehicle conflict exist, such as at the intersections. It is important to recognize the forces influencing the demand for

provision of more and better pedestrian facilities. Undoubtedly one important factor has been the increased awareness of the

environmental problems created by the rapid national and worldwide growth in vehicle travel, but of equal important has been the

recognition by many people of need for physical fitness and the role that play in achieving this.

Indore, a historical City situated on the banks of rivers Khan and Saraswati, is the largest City of ‘Indore Agro Industrial

Region’ of Madhya Pradesh. It is almost centrally located on the fertile Malwa Plateau at latitude 22° 43’ North and longitude 76°

42’ East and is the nerve centre of the economic activities of the State. Indore is the commercial centre of the state located 190 km

west of state capital Bhopal. The Indore Metropolitan area is spread over 504.87 km2 and includes the Indore Municipal

Corporation(IMC)4 towns and 90 Village, with a total metropolitan population of approximately 1.6 million (census 2001). In

Indore, pedestrians are the most vulnerable and neglected road users. Every person is a pedestrian at some point in a day as all

journeys necessarily start or end as a walking trip. Walking is directly involved with using other modes. The importance of

pedestrian movements is understood in a global scenario and cannot be ignored.

II. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1) To identify the problems related to pedestrians at two unsignalized intersections of Indore City.

2) To determine existing vehicular flow characteristics.

3) To recommend appropriate facilities or measure at the studied intersections.

4) To make a comparative study between problems faced by the pedestrians at different Unsignalized Intersections where

pedestrian facility is present and where there is no pedestrian facility.

III. LITERATURE REVIEW

Dass et al. (2015) studied about the way the people think for the pedestrian’s facilities they are using day to day. This study

concluded that Walking is a significant mode of transport and all human beings are pedestrians for varying time periods on roads,

even though motorization is increasing at a rapid pace. Right from the early days - till the person is unable to move, walking remains

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an important mode of travel. Even people who use cars and motorcycles, depending on their need, walk for shorter or longer

distances.

Kasundra et al. (2016) planned the Basic pedestrian traffic planning to improve effective pedestrian facilities at selected

intersections in Rajkot City. The Objectives of Study was to identify the problems related to pedestrian at hospital chowk, to

determine the existing vehicular flow characteristics and to recommend appropriate facilities or measure at the studied intersections.

Road inventory survey was carried out which clearly shown the actual condition of road marking, foot-path conditions, bus-points

etc. there is observed no markings on the road. So, there are first requirement of pedestrian is to provide proper road markings (e.g.

zebra crossing) at intersection.

Subramanyam et al. (2017) improved the pedestrian facilities by analysing the existing skeleton of the selected locations at

Chennai City. The study location for the present work chosen was Chennai. The locations which had conflict between both vehicles

and pedestrian were identified. Eleven locations were chosen on the basic of conflict between vehicular traffic and pedestrian traffic.

The volume count includes the pedestrian movement in both the directions of the pathway. The pedestrian traffic volume data were

collected at morning and evening peak hours. The pedestrian traffic volume data were presented Peak hour factor. This parameter

helps us to understand the variation of traffic volume within the peak hour. From the analysis of data collected at various study

locations and based on the Level of Service calculations suggestions for improvement of pedestrian facilities were made.

• Installment of rumble strips

• Construction of pedestrian islands

• Installment of pedestrians’ sensors in crosswalks

• Installment of more perspicuous traffic signs and signals

• Removal of trees and utility poles

Subramani et al. (2012) studied the Existing Pedestrian Traffic and Facility to reduce pedestrian conflicts with vehicular

traffic to the minimum. The Objectives of Study was to carry out pedestrian studies and to formulate strategies for better

management for pedestrian movements.

From the pedestrian study and survey he observed that there is no proper required footpath available in most of the Salem City road

links. Even if it is available, it is not maintained properly. So, the pedestrians are not properly using the available footpath because

of social conditions. Even most of the available footpaths are fully occupied by the small merchants and in some places shop

keepers are keeping their generators over the footpath. So, the Local body has to take necessary action over their illegal occupancy

and make clear footpath for pedestrian movements. Educate the public in the form of advertisement regarding the usage of footpath

and follow necessary traffic rules and regulation to prevent road accidents.

IV. METHODOLOGY

4.1. GENERAL

1) This survey was carried out at two selected intersections and the timing was from morning 10:00 am to 1:00 pm and

evening 4:00 pm to 7:00 pm. Pedestrian volume count was made for every 15 minutes interval during the identified peak

period. The method for volume count was Manual count.

2) The data was collected from the pedestrians in the form of a questionnaire. The Questionnaire included questions

regarding the safety of pedestrians while crossing roads, the way of crossing roads, problems faced by them during crossing

and some traffic safety suggestions.

3) In this survey, at Guitar Junction 500 samples were collected from pedestrians and at Kalani Nagar Intersection due to

less response from pedestrians and heavy rush only 300 samples was collected.

4) Those data will be useful for planning of basic pedestrian facilities at this junction. Major 9 questions were asked to

pedestrian and then every answer was analyzed.

4.2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Problem Identification

Objectives and scope of study

Literature Review

Data Collection




Data Analysis

4.3. DETAILS OF STUDY AREA

Study Location 1:Guitar Intersection

Fig.No.4.1. Study location: Guitar Square, located at a distance of 300m from Palasia Square

(Source: Google Earth Image)

Survey Framework: Traffic Volume

Count and Pedestrian Interview Survey

Study Stretches: Identification & Selection




Fig.No.4.2. Existing Condition of problems faced by pedestrians while crossing the road at Guitar Intersection

The above four pictures were taken during the day time at peak hours, showing us that the problem faced by pedestrians due to

accumulation of a large number of vehicles taking place and absence of any pedestrian facility at the junction which is not

signallised.

Study Location 2: Kalani Nagar Square

Fig.No.4.3. Study location: Kalani Nagar Square, located at a distance of 2.5 km from Airport and 2.3 km from Bada Ganpati

Square (Source: Google Earth Image)




Fig.No.4.4 Existing Crosswalks on opposite lanes at Kalani Nagar Square

Fig.No.4.5. Existing Condition of problems faced by pedestrians while crossing the road at Kalani Nagar Square (in presence

of crosswalks)




V. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

5.1. Volume Count Survey

Table No -5.1 : Total Vehicle Composition in a day at Guitar Intersection

Based on the above Volume Count, the following graph has been plotted:

Fig. No.5.1. Total Vehicle Composition at Guitar Intersection

5.2. Pedestrian Interview Survey

Table No.5.2. Data collected from the pedestrians at Guitar Intersection

1 What is the purpose of the trip?

Exercising School/College Recreation Personal business Others

15 264 35 108 78

2 How do you cross the roads?

Walk easily Walk fast Run

112 352 36

Vehicle Type Volume %Share

T/W 41623 63.32

CAR/VAN 23422 35.24

BUS 347 0.52

AUTO 1000 1.50

LCV NA 0.00

HCV NA 0.00

BICYCLE 80 0.12

TOTAL 66472 100.70

TOTAL VEHICLE COMPOSITION (IN%)




3 How often do you cross the road?

Sometimes Many times Daily Twice daily

86 115 281 18

4 Do you feel safe to cross the road from this place?

Yes No Can't say

145 305 50

5 Do you know Zebra Crossing?

Yes No

387 113

6 Which facilities do you prefer?

Zebra Crossing Widening footpath Foot over bridge Underpass

286 13 118 83

7 Suggest any short term measure for increasing the safety of pedestrians.

Road Lights 3%

Provide Signs 14%

Improve Road Marking 23%

Parking Prohibition 8%

Fix Out Bus Points 24%

Provide Signals 16%

One Way Street 12%

8 You come under which category?

Children Teenager Senior Citizen Adults

0 278 58 164

9 Age Limits

5-15 yrs 16-35yrs 36-50 yrs 50-60 yrs Above 60 yrs

0 256 173 35 36

Table No5.3. Data collected from the pedestrians at Kalani Nagar Square

1 What is the purpose of the trip?

Exercising School/College Recreation

Personal

business Others

13 152 9 61 115

2 How do you cross the roads?

Walk easily Walk fast Run

124 226 0

3 How often do you cross the road?

Sometimes Many times Daily

Twice

daily

32 140 161 17

4 Do you feel safe to cross the road from this place?

Yes No Can't say

82 257 11

5 Do you know Zebra Crossing?

Yes No

314 36

6 Are you using Zebra Crossing?




Yes No

89 261

7 Which facilities do you prefer?

Zebra

Crossing

Widening

footpath Foot over bridge Underpass

197 56 80 17

8 Suggest any short term measure for increasing the safety of pedestrians.

Road Lights 10% 10 29

Provide Signs 11% 11 33

Improve Road Marking 9% 9 27

Parking Prohibition 13% 13 38

Fix Out Bus Points 6% 6 16

Provide Signals 44% 44 125

One Way Street 7% 7 19

9 You come under which category?

Children Teenager Senior Citizen Adults

103 164 11 72

10 Age Limits

5-15 yrs 16-35yrs 36-50 yrs 50-60 yrs Above 60 yrs

62 185 92 6 5

5.3. Analysis Of The Data Collected at Guitar Intersection

The data collected from the pedestrians at Guitar Intersection in the form of a questionnaire are analysed and are

presented in the form of pie charts as given below:




5.4. Analysis Of The Data Collected at Guitar Intersection The data collected from the pedestrians at Guitar Intersection in the form of a questionnaire are analysed and are presented

in the form of pie charts as given below:




VI. CONCLUSION

1 . Traffic volume count survey at both the unsignalized intersections with and without crosswalks, indicate the actual

volume of traffic on the intersection, which directly affects the movements of pedestrians.

2 . Based on all the pedestrian opinions and a detailed analysis, various recommendations and pedestrian facilities are

proposed on the selected intersections and it is found that at Palasia Junction where no pedestrian facility is provided,

55% pedestrian sample give negative feedback on the safety questions. There is also required public awareness program

because 13% of pedestrians have no idea about the zebra crossings.

3 . At Kalani Nagar Square, where a zebra crossing is provided on opposite lanes, 53% pedestrian samples give negative

feedback on the safety questions. There is also required public awareness program because 21% of pedestrians have no

idea about the zebra crossings and 53% of pedestrians don't use zebra crossing while crossing the road.

4 . Based on these data collections, basic facility of pedestrians required at Guitar Intersection are zebra crossing, pedestrian

sign & signal for safety and widening of footpaths for easy pedestrian movements. But at Kalani Nagar Square, as a very

less number of pedestrians use the crosswalks due to improper provision of crosswalks on either side of the road. And the

Volume of traffic is also more, so there is an urgent need of providing a foot over bridge as well as signs and signals at

this intersection which would definitely enhance and improve the safety and movements of pedestrians.




REFERENCES

[1] Aishwarya Fadnavis (2015) “Success And Failures Of Crossing Facilities For Pedestrians” International

Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Vol:4, Issue:9

[2] Anoop P.A, Aswathy T.B, Rachana K.B, Vidhya Chandran, Bybin Paul (2016) “Analysis of the

Pedestrian Risk Exposure in Thrissur City” International Research Journal of Engineering and

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[3] B Subramanyam and R Prasanna Kumar (2017) “Improving pedestrian facilities in congested urban

areas: a case study of Chennai city” IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 80 (2017)

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[4] Highway Capacity Manual (2000)

[5] Mr. Rahul M. Kasundra and Prof. Praful A. Shinkar (2016) “Planning of Basic Pedestrian Facilities at

Selected Intersection of Rajkot City” Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering | Recent

Advances in Civil Engineering for Global Sustainability

[6] Sachin Dass, Dhirendra Singhal, Praveen Aggarwal (2015) “Study of Pedestrian Flow/ Behavior on

Indian Roads” International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and Research, Volume 4, Issue 9

[7] T. Subramani (2012) “Study On Existing Pedestrian Traffic and Facility Study on Major Roads in Salem

and Formulate Suggestions for Its Improvement” International Journal of Modern Engineering Research ,

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[8] The Indian Road Congress, IRC: 103-2012 “Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities”


2018 ijrar december 2018, volume 5, issue 4 e -issn 2348

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